WO2005100076A1 - Device for charging/discharging a vehicle battery - Google Patents
Device for charging/discharging a vehicle battery Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005100076A1 WO2005100076A1 PCT/DE2005/000606 DE2005000606W WO2005100076A1 WO 2005100076 A1 WO2005100076 A1 WO 2005100076A1 DE 2005000606 W DE2005000606 W DE 2005000606W WO 2005100076 A1 WO2005100076 A1 WO 2005100076A1
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- battery
- charging
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- charge
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1415—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with a generator driven by a prime mover other than the motor of a vehicle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
- Charging and discharging the batteries of vehicles mostly takes place with energy suppliers and consumers, whose energy supply or energy consumption changes frequently.
- electromagnets with the functions “carry” and “guide” are considered as consumers, and on the other hand conventional devices such as air conditioning systems, lighting and other electrical devices.
- the electrical energy required for this is generated with the help of linear generators and voltage converters connected to them, the linear generators being built into the supporting magnets and using the z. B. trained as long stator linear motors drives the magnetic levitation vehicle.
- the vehicle electrical system is supplied with a DC voltage of approximately 484 V, which is provided by the voltage converters, which are generally designed as step-up converters for this purpose.
- linear generators of this type can only provide the required operating voltage at speeds of around 100 km / h and more, the Vehicles carry backup batteries that supplement or replace the linear generators at slower speeds. If the speed of the vehicles is sufficiently high again at a later point in time, the linear generators or voltage converters not only supply the vehicle electrical system again, but also charge the batteries.
- the charging of the batteries has been done with two voltage levels.
- a high voltage serves z. B. for rapid recharging (rapid charging) of a battery until the amount of charge removed is equalized, d. H. until a full charge is reached.
- a low voltage is aimed at maintaining the charge of the fully charged battery during those periods at which the linear generators are fully effective and at most a certain self-discharge of the batteries can take place. Both voltages are constant and independent of the operating conditions of the batteries. When choosing the two voltage levels, a compromise must be made, for. B. between the behavior of a battery at high and low temperatures or other operating conditions.
- the batteries are not optimally charged at low operating temperatures and therefore have a lower usable capacity when fully charged than the nominal capacity, while at high operating temperatures the charging voltage must be kept so low that overcharging is avoided an undesirably high water consumption and the resulting temperature increases, undesired gassing effects or the like.
- the invention is therefore based on the technical problem of designing the device of the type described at the outset in such a way that overcharging of the batteries is reliably avoided and batteries can be operated with voltages which are favorable for rapid charging and charge maintenance, regardless of the temperature and other influences, without this Discharge behavior is impaired.
- the device with simple design means and with security required for being carried in vehicles.
- the invention has the advantage that, on the one hand, the battery can be charged quickly with the full voltage of the voltage transformers and the resulting charging current, while on the other hand only a small charge current serving to maintain the charge flows in a phase following the full charge achieved thereby.
- the switching element that enables rapid charging is switched back to an open position in good time so that it does not hinder its discharge if the battery becomes necessary.
- an embodiment of the invention is shown in connection with an on-board network common in magnetic levitation vehicles.
- a plurality of here eight linear generators 1 cooperate in a known manner with a long stator laid along the travel path and in this case is provided with windings inserted into the pole faces of the supporting magnets.
- a voltage converter 2 in the form of a step-up converter is connected to each of the linear generators, which converts the alternating voltage of z. B. 300 V in a DC voltage of z. B. converts 484 V.
- the voltage converters 2 also have conventional regulators 4, which serve the purpose of supplying a constant DC voltage at the outputs of the voltage converters 2.
- Each voltage converter 2 or the sum of all voltage converters 2 simultaneously represents an energy supplier for the vehicle in which it is installed.
- the eight voltage converters 2 here are electrically connected in parallel to an electrical system which has a positive line 5 and a ground line 6.
- the positive pole of a battery 7 is also connected to the positive line 5, the negative pole of which lies on the ground line 6.
- the first means for fast charging contains an electronically controllable, e.g. B. designed as a contactor switching element 9, the z. B. is connected in a line 10, the positive pole of the
- the second charge maintenance means is parallel to the switching element 9 and contains an ohmic resistor 11.
- the device described is operated in such a way that during normal operation of the vehicle electrical system, ie when the voltage converter 2 te energy supplier provides a sufficient on-board voltage between lines 5 and 6, the switching element 9 is in an open position so that it is not electrically conductive and therefore the resistor 11 a possible charging current through the battery 7 to a preselected small value of z. B. 100 mA is limited and at the same time the charging voltage lying on the battery 7 is reduced.
- the maintenance current is also dimensioned so low that it just compensates for a self-discharge of the battery 7, the size of which is known or can be easily determined.
- the resistance 11 lying in series with the battery 7 has the consequence that it automatically reduces the voltage on the battery 7 when the current increases and thus represents a further protection against overcharging. If, on the other hand, the battery 7 is completely or partially discharged after a prolonged discharge of the battery 7, that is to say, for example, the magnetic levitation vehicle has come to a standstill or slow travel, then the switching element 9 is switched on and set to an electrical current-conducting state. If the voltage converters 2 then again supply sufficient energy, the battery 7 can be charged quickly immediately through the switching element 9, which electrically represents a short circuit in the line 10 parallel to the resistor 11.
- the switching element 9 does not have to be switched under load or only with a low current flow, it is expedient to switch over to the conductive state during phases during which the discharge current of the battery 7 is comparatively small. In contrast, the switching element is switched off when the battery 7 is flowed through by the resistor 11 only by a small charge maintenance current.
- a diode 12 is connected in the line 10, which is conductive in the discharge direction of the battery 7, ie the anode of which is located at the positive pole of the battery 7 and the cathode of which is located on the line 5.
- This diode 12 forms an electrical parallel connection with the switching element 9 and the resistor 11.
- a voltage measuring device 14 connected between lines 5 and 6 is provided at the output of voltage converter 2.
- This is connected to a control device 15, which has an output 16 connected to a control connection of the switching element 9.
- the control device 15 is set up in such a way that it emits a control signal which switches on the switching element 9 as soon as the voltage between the lines 5 and 6 reaches a predetermined small threshold value, which in the exemplary embodiment z. B. is at 450 V.
- a current measuring device 17 is connected in the line 10 between the positive pole of the battery 7 and the parallel connection of the components 9, 11 and 12, which is also connected to the control device 15.
- the arrangement is such that the control device 15 emits a control signal which switches off the switching element 9 at the output 16 as soon as the current in the line 10 has a preselected small threshold value of, for. B. 100 mA reached.
- the device according to the invention therefore works as follows:
- the switching element 9 If the voltage converters 2 supply a sufficiently high voltage between the lines 5 and 6, the switching element 9 is in the non-conductive state, while the diode 12 blocks a current flow in the direction of the battery 7. Therefore, only a small charge maintenance current determined by the resistor 11 can flow through the battery 7. The rest of the energy supplied by the voltage converters 2 is supplied to the consumers 8.
- the battery 7 is rapidlyadjusted, which is not impeded by the resistor 11 or the diode 12 because the switching element 9 is made conductive in good time becomes.
- the voltage converters 2 again supply the consumer 8 with energy.
- the voltage converters 2 or their regulators 4 are connected to a common bus system 18, as is indicated schematically in the accompanying drawing.
- This is it is possible to make the regulator 4 and thus the voltage between the lines 5 and 6 changeable and in particular to adapt it to different operating states.
- operating states come z. B. the battery current and the battery temperature, but also various operating parameters of the vehicle into consideration.
- the amount of charge removed can be provided as a further operating state.
- the battery temperature it is advantageous to design the charge of the battery 7 so that no excessive gassing occurs and / or the water consumption is limited.
- the BUS system 18 can advantageously be used for the synchronization of the voltage converter 2 with the aid of microprocessors or the like.
- the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment described, which can be modified in many ways. This applies in particular to the technical implementation of the measuring devices 14 and 17, which are only shown schematically in the drawing.
- the voltages and currents provided for switching the switching element 9 can be provided with the aid of the devices in the voltage converter 2, such as, for. B. the controller 4 is monitored and transmitted to the control device 15.
- the linear generators 1 and voltage converters 2 other devices can of course also be provided as energy suppliers, the device described being usable in a corresponding modification even in the presence of only one or more or less than eight energy suppliers. For this reason, the specified values for the currents and voltages and the threshold values used for switching the switching element 9 are only to be understood as examples.
- the switching element 9 need not consist of a contactor, and vehicles other than magnetic levitation vehicles with changing energy supply or consumption can also be considered as vehicles.
- the voltage converter 2 can alternatively or in addition to the linear generators also other voltage generators such. B. provided along a route track or the like. Assigned.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Vorrichtung zum Laden/Entladen einer Fahrzeug-BatterieDevice for charging / discharging a vehicle battery
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung.The invention relates to a device of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
Das Laden und Entladen der Batterien von Fahrzeugen, insbesondere z. B. Magnet- Schwebefahrzeugen, erfolgt meistens mit Energielieferanten und Verbrauchern, deren Energieangebot bzw. Energieverbrauch häufig wechselt. Bei Magnetschwebefahrzeugen beispielsweise kommen als Verbraucher einerseits Elektromagnete mit den Funktionen "Tragen" und "Führen", andererseits übliche Einrichtungen wie Klimaanlagen, Beleuchtungen und andere elektrische Geräte in Betracht. Die dazu erforderli- ehe elektrische Energie wird mit Hilfe von Lineargeneratoren und mit diesen verbundenen Spannungswandlem erzeugt, wobei die Lineargeneratoren in die Tragmagnete eingebaut sind und mit den z. B. als Langstator-Linearmotoren ausgebildeten Antrieben der Magnetschwebefahrzeuge zusammenwirken. Bei bekannten Magnetschwebefahrzeugen wird das Bordnetz mit einer Gleichspannung von ca. 484 V versorgt, die von den Spannungswandlem bereitgestellt wird, die zu diesem Zweck in der Regel als Hochsetzsteller ausgebildet sind.Charging and discharging the batteries of vehicles, especially e.g. B. magnetic levitation vehicles, mostly takes place with energy suppliers and consumers, whose energy supply or energy consumption changes frequently. In the case of magnetic levitation vehicles, for example, on the one hand, electromagnets with the functions “carry” and “guide” are considered as consumers, and on the other hand conventional devices such as air conditioning systems, lighting and other electrical devices. The electrical energy required for this is generated with the help of linear generators and voltage converters connected to them, the linear generators being built into the supporting magnets and using the z. B. trained as long stator linear motors drives the magnetic levitation vehicle. In known magnetic levitation vehicles, the vehicle electrical system is supplied with a DC voltage of approximately 484 V, which is provided by the voltage converters, which are generally designed as step-up converters for this purpose.
Da Lmeargeneratoren dieser Art nur bei Fahrtgeschwindigkeiten von ca. 100 km/h und mehr für die erforderliche Betriebsspannung sorgen können, werden in den Fahrzeugen Pufferbatterien mitgeführt, die bei langsameren Fahrtgeschwindigkeiten die Lineargeneratoren ergänzen bzw. ersetzen. Ist die Geschwindigkeit der Fahrzeuge zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt wieder ausreichend groß, wird von den Lineargeneratoren bzw. Spannungswandlem nicht nur wieder das Bordnetz versorgt, sondern auch eine Aufladung der Batterien vorgenommen.Since linear generators of this type can only provide the required operating voltage at speeds of around 100 km / h and more, the Vehicles carry backup batteries that supplement or replace the linear generators at slower speeds. If the speed of the vehicles is sufficiently high again at a later point in time, the linear generators or voltage converters not only supply the vehicle electrical system again, but also charge the batteries.
Die Aufladung der Batterien, die z. B. aus einer Vielzahl von parallel und/oder in Serie geschalteten Ni/Cd-Zellen aufgebaut sind, erfolgt bisher mit zwei Spannungsstufen. Eine hohe Spannung dient z. B. zur schnellen Nachladung (Schnelladung) einer Batterie bis zum Ausgleich der entnommenen Ladungsmenge, d. h. bis zum Erreichen eines Zustande der Volladung. Dagegen wird mit einer niedrigen Spannung eine Ladungserhaltung der voll geladenen Batterie während derjenigen Zeitspannen angestrebt, zu denen die Lineargeneratoren voll wirksam sind und allenfalls eine gewisse Selbstentladung der Batterien erfolgen kann. Beide Spannungen sind konstant und von den Betriebsbedingungen der Batterien unabhängig. Bei der Auswahl der beiden Spannungsstufen muß daher ein Kompromiß z. B. zwischen dem Verhalten einer Batterie bei hohen und tiefen Temperaturen oder anderen Betriebszuständen gefunden werden. Das hat u. a. zur Folge, daß die Batterien bei niedrigen Betriebstemperaturen nicht optimal geladen werden und daher im voll geladenen Zustand eine geringere nutzbare Kapazität haben, als der Nennkapazität entspricht, während bei hohen Betriebstemperaturen die Ladespannung so niedrig gehalten werden muß, daß eine Überladung vermieden wird, die zu einem unerwünscht hohen Wasserverbrauch und dadurch bedingten Temperaturerhöhungen, zu unerwünschten Gasungseffekten od. dgl. führen würde.The charging of the batteries, e.g. B. are constructed from a variety of parallel and / or series-connected Ni / Cd cells, has been done with two voltage levels. A high voltage serves z. B. for rapid recharging (rapid charging) of a battery until the amount of charge removed is equalized, d. H. until a full charge is reached. On the other hand, a low voltage is aimed at maintaining the charge of the fully charged battery during those periods at which the linear generators are fully effective and at most a certain self-discharge of the batteries can take place. Both voltages are constant and independent of the operating conditions of the batteries. When choosing the two voltage levels, a compromise must be made, for. B. between the behavior of a battery at high and low temperatures or other operating conditions. That has u. a. As a result, the batteries are not optimally charged at low operating temperatures and therefore have a lower usable capacity when fully charged than the nominal capacity, while at high operating temperatures the charging voltage must be kept so low that overcharging is avoided an undesirably high water consumption and the resulting temperature increases, undesired gassing effects or the like.
Der Erfindung liegt daher das technische Problem zugrunde, die Vorrichtung der eingangs bezeichneten Gattung so auszubilden, daß eine Überladung der Batterien sicher vermieden wird und Batterien unabhängig von der Temperatur und anderen Einflüssen mit für Schnelladungen und Ladungserhaltungen günstigen Spannungen betrieben werden können, ohne daß hierdurch das Entladeverhalten beeinträchtigt wird. Außerdem soll die Vorrichtung mit einfachen konstruktiven Mitteln und mit der für die Mitführung in Fahrzeugen erforderlichen Sicherheit realisierbar sein.The invention is therefore based on the technical problem of designing the device of the type described at the outset in such a way that overcharging of the batteries is reliably avoided and batteries can be operated with voltages which are favorable for rapid charging and charge maintenance, regardless of the temperature and other influences, without this Discharge behavior is impaired. In addition, the device with simple design means and with security required for being carried in vehicles.
Zur Lösung dieses Problems dienen die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.The characteristic features of claim 1 serve to solve this problem.
Die Erfindung bringt den Vorteil mit sich, daß einerseits die Schnelladung der Batterie mit der vollen Spannung der Spannungswandler und dem daraus resultierenden Ladestrom erfolgen kann, während andererseits in einer auf die dadurch erzielte Volladung folgenden Phase nur ein der Ladungserhaltung dienender kleiner Ladestrom fließt. Außerdem wird das die schnelle Ladung ermöglichende Schaltelement recht- zeitig wieder in eine Offenstellung geschaltet, damit es bei einem evtl. notwendig werdenden Gebrauch der Batterie deren Entladung nicht behindert.The invention has the advantage that, on the one hand, the battery can be charged quickly with the full voltage of the voltage transformers and the resulting charging current, while on the other hand only a small charge current serving to maintain the charge flows in a phase following the full charge achieved thereby. In addition, the switching element that enables rapid charging is switched back to an open position in good time so that it does not hinder its discharge if the battery becomes necessary.
Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous features of the invention emerge from the subclaims.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in Verbindung mit der beiliegenden Zeichnung am Ausführungsbeispiel einer für Magnetschwebefahrzeuge bestimmten Vorrichtung näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing using the exemplary embodiment of a device intended for magnetic levitation vehicles.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung in Verbindung mit einem bei Magnetschwebefahrzeugen üblichen Bordnetz dargestellt. Eine Mehrzahl von hier acht Lineargeneratoren 1 arbeitet in bekannter Weise mit einem längs des Fahrwegs verlegten Langstator zusammen und ist in diesem Fall mit in die Polflächen der Tragmagnete eingelegten Wicklungen versehen. An die Lineargeneratoren ist je ein Spannungswandler 2 in Form eines Hochsetzstellers angeschlossen, der die von den Lineargeneratoren 1 gelieferte Wechselspannung von z. B. 300 V in eine Gleichspannung von z. B. 484 V umwandelt. Die Spannungswandler 2 weisen neben Gleichrichtern 3 außerdem übliche Regler 4 auf, die dem Zweck dienen, an den Ausgängen der Spannungswandler 2 eine konstante Gleichspannung zu liefern. Jeder Spannungswandler 2 bzw. die Summe aller Spannungswandler 2 stellt gleichzeitig einen Energielieferanten für das Fahrzeug dar, in das er eingebaut ist. Die hier acht Spannungswandler 2 sind elektrisch parallel an ein Bordnetz angeschlossen, das eine positive Leitung 5 und eine Masseleitung 6 besitzt. An die positive Leitung 5 ist außerdem der Pluspol einer Batterie 7 geschaltet, deren Minuspol an der Masseleitung 6 liegt. Parallel dazu liegt weiterhin eine Anzahl von Verbrauchern, die durch einen gemeinsamen Block 8 angedeutet sind.In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown in connection with an on-board network common in magnetic levitation vehicles. A plurality of here eight linear generators 1 cooperate in a known manner with a long stator laid along the travel path and in this case is provided with windings inserted into the pole faces of the supporting magnets. A voltage converter 2 in the form of a step-up converter is connected to each of the linear generators, which converts the alternating voltage of z. B. 300 V in a DC voltage of z. B. converts 484 V. In addition to rectifiers 3, the voltage converters 2 also have conventional regulators 4, which serve the purpose of supplying a constant DC voltage at the outputs of the voltage converters 2. Each voltage converter 2 or the sum of all voltage converters 2 simultaneously represents an energy supplier for the vehicle in which it is installed. The eight voltage converters 2 here are electrically connected in parallel to an electrical system which has a positive line 5 and a ground line 6. The positive pole of a battery 7 is also connected to the positive line 5, the negative pole of which lies on the ground line 6. In parallel, there is still a number of consumers, which are indicated by a common block 8.
Aufgrund dieser Anordnung liefert entweder der Energielieferant in Form der Spannungswandler 2 oder, wenn diese nicht genügend Energie zur Verfügung stellen können, die voll geladene Batterie 7 die für das Bordnetz erforderliche Spannung. Sind nach einem Zyklus, während dessen die Batterie 7 zumindest teilweise entladen wurde, die Lineargeneratoren 1 wieder aktiv, dann liefern die Spannungswandler 2 die erforderliche Bordspannung unter gleichzeitiger Schnelladung der Batterie 7 (= erstes Mittel). Um zu vermeiden, daß die Batterie 7 im bereits voll aufgeladenen Zustand ständig an der vollen Ladespannung liegt, wird diese normalerweise nach Erreichen der Volladung auf eine vergleichsweise kleine, zur Ladungserhaltung in der Batterie 7 gerade ausreichende Spannung umgeschaltet (= zweites Mittel).Because of this arrangement, either the energy supplier in the form of the voltage converter 2 or, if these cannot provide sufficient energy, the fully charged battery 7 supplies the voltage required for the electrical system. If the linear generators 1 are active again after a cycle during which the battery 7 was at least partially discharged, then the voltage converters 2 supply the required on-board voltage with simultaneous rapid charging of the battery 7 (= first means). In order to avoid that the battery 7 is constantly at the full charging voltage in the already fully charged state, this is normally switched over to a comparatively small voltage which is just sufficient to maintain the charge in the battery 7 after reaching full charge (= second means).
Vorrichtungen der beschriebenen Art sind allgemein bekannt (DE 34 10 119 AI, ZEVrail Glasers Annalen Transrapid, Oktober 2003, insbesondere Seiten 61 bis 63) und brauchen dem Fachmann daher nicht näher erläutert werden.Devices of the type described are generally known (DE 34 10 119 AI, ZEVrail Glasers Annalen Transrapid, October 2003, in particular pages 61 to 63) and therefore do not need to be explained in more detail to the person skilled in the art.
Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, die Vorrichtung zur Ladung/Entladung der Batterie 7 entsprechend der beigefügten Zeichnung auszubilden. Das erste Mittel zur Schnelladung enthält hier ein elektronisch steuerbares, z. B. als Schütz ausgebildetes Schaltelement 9, das z. B. in eine Leitung 10 geschaltet ist, die vom Pluspol derAccording to the invention, it is proposed to design the device for charging / discharging the battery 7 in accordance with the accompanying drawing. The first means for fast charging contains an electronically controllable, e.g. B. designed as a contactor switching element 9, the z. B. is connected in a line 10, the positive pole of the
Batterie 7 zur positiven Leitung 5 des Netzes führt. Das zweite, der Ladungserhaltung dienende Mittel liegt parallel zu dem Schaltelement 9 und enthält einen ohmschen Widerstand 11.Battery 7 leads to positive line 5 of the network. The second charge maintenance means is parallel to the switching element 9 and contains an ohmic resistor 11.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die beschriebene Vorrichtung so betrieben, daß beim normalen Arbeiten des Bordnetzes, d. h. dann, wenn der aus den Spannungswandlem 2 gebilde- te Energielieferant eine ausreichende Bordspannung zwischen den Leitungen 5 und 6 liefert, das Schaltelement 9 in einer Offenstellung ist, damit es elektrisch nicht leitend ist und daher der Widerstand 11 einen etwaigen Ladestrom durch die Batterie 7 auf einen vorgewählten kleinen Wert von z. B. 100 mA begrenzt und gleichzeitig die an die Batterie 7 liegende Ladespannung reduziert. Der Erhaltungsstrom wird außerdem so gering bemessen, daß er gerade eine Selbstentladung der Batterie 7 ausgleicht, deren Größe bekannt ist oder leicht festgestellt werden kann. Außerdem hat der in Serie mit der Batterie 7 liegende Widerstand 11 zur Folge, daß er bei einer Stromerhöhung automatisch die Spannung an der Batterie 7 reduziert und damit einen weiteren Schutz vor Überladung darstellt. Ist dagegen nach einem Zustand einer längeren Entladung der Batterie 7, d. h. z. B. einem Stillstand oder einer Langsamfahrt des Magnetschwebefahrzeugs, die Batterie 7 ganz oder teilweise entladen, dann wird das Schaltelement 9 eingeschaltet und in den einen elektrischen Strom leitenden Zustand versetzt. Liefern danach die Spannungswandler 2 wieder genügend Energie, kann eine sofortige Schnelladung der Batterie 7 durch das Schaltelement 9 hindurch erfolgen, das elektrisch einen parallel zum Widerstand 11 liegenden Kurzschluß in der Leitung 10 darstellt.According to the invention, the device described is operated in such a way that during normal operation of the vehicle electrical system, ie when the voltage converter 2 te energy supplier provides a sufficient on-board voltage between lines 5 and 6, the switching element 9 is in an open position so that it is not electrically conductive and therefore the resistor 11 a possible charging current through the battery 7 to a preselected small value of z. B. 100 mA is limited and at the same time the charging voltage lying on the battery 7 is reduced. The maintenance current is also dimensioned so low that it just compensates for a self-discharge of the battery 7, the size of which is known or can be easily determined. In addition, the resistance 11 lying in series with the battery 7 has the consequence that it automatically reduces the voltage on the battery 7 when the current increases and thus represents a further protection against overcharging. If, on the other hand, the battery 7 is completely or partially discharged after a prolonged discharge of the battery 7, that is to say, for example, the magnetic levitation vehicle has come to a standstill or slow travel, then the switching element 9 is switched on and set to an electrical current-conducting state. If the voltage converters 2 then again supply sufficient energy, the battery 7 can be charged quickly immediately through the switching element 9, which electrically represents a short circuit in the line 10 parallel to the resistor 11.
Damit das Schaltelement 9 nicht unter Last bzw. nur bei geringem Stromfluß geschal- tet werden muß, erfolgt seine Umschaltung in den leitenden Zustand zweckmäßig während Phasen, während derer der Entladestrom der Batterie 7 vergleichsweise klein ist. Dagegen wird die Abschaltung des Schaltelements vorgenommen, wenn die Batterie 7 durch den Widerstand 11 nur von einem kleinen Ladungserhaltungsstrom durchflössen wird. Zur Realisierung dieser Funktionen sind erfindungsgemäß folgende Maßnahmen vorgesehen.So that the switching element 9 does not have to be switched under load or only with a low current flow, it is expedient to switch over to the conductive state during phases during which the discharge current of the battery 7 is comparatively small. In contrast, the switching element is switched off when the battery 7 is flowed through by the resistor 11 only by a small charge maintenance current. The following measures are provided according to the invention for realizing these functions.
Zunächst ist, wie in der Zeichnung dargestellt ist, eine Diode 12 in die Leitung 10 geschaltet, die in Entladerichtung der Batterie 7 leitend ist, d. h. deren Anode am Pluspol der Batterie 7 und deren Kathode an der Leitung 5 liegt. Diese Diode 12 bildet mit dem Schaltelement 9 und dem Widerstand 11 eine elektrische Parallelschaltung. Weiterhin ist am Ausgang der Spannungswandler 2 eine zwischen die Leitungen 5 und 6 geschaltete Spannungsmeßeimichtung 14 vorgesehen. Diese ist an eine Steuereinrichtung 15 angeschlossen, die einen mit einem Steueranschluß des Schaltelements 9 verbundenen Ausgang 16 hat. Die Steuereinrichtung 15 ist so eingerichtet, daß sie ein das Schaltelement 9 einschaltendes Steuersignal abgibt, sobald die Spannung zwischen den Leitungen 5 und 6 einen vorgegebenen kleinen Schwellwert erreicht, der im Ausführungsbeispiel z. B. bei 450 V liegt.First, as shown in the drawing, a diode 12 is connected in the line 10, which is conductive in the discharge direction of the battery 7, ie the anode of which is located at the positive pole of the battery 7 and the cathode of which is located on the line 5. This diode 12 forms an electrical parallel connection with the switching element 9 and the resistor 11. Furthermore, a voltage measuring device 14 connected between lines 5 and 6 is provided at the output of voltage converter 2. This is connected to a control device 15, which has an output 16 connected to a control connection of the switching element 9. The control device 15 is set up in such a way that it emits a control signal which switches on the switching element 9 as soon as the voltage between the lines 5 and 6 reaches a predetermined small threshold value, which in the exemplary embodiment z. B. is at 450 V.
Schließlich ist in die Leitung 10 zwischen den Pluspol der Batterie 7 und die Parallel- Schaltung der Bauelemente 9, 11 und 12 eine Strommeßeinrichtung 17 geschaltet, die ebenfalls an die Steuereinrichtung 15 angeschlossen ist. Dabei ist die Anordnung so getroffen, daß die Steuereinrichtung 15 ein das Schaltelement 9 auschaltendes Steuersignal am Ausgang 16 abgibt, sobald der Strom in der Leitung 10 einen vorgewählten kleinen Schwellwert von z. B. 100 mA erreicht.Finally, a current measuring device 17 is connected in the line 10 between the positive pole of the battery 7 and the parallel connection of the components 9, 11 and 12, which is also connected to the control device 15. The arrangement is such that the control device 15 emits a control signal which switches off the switching element 9 at the output 16 as soon as the current in the line 10 has a preselected small threshold value of, for. B. 100 mA reached.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung arbeitet demnach wie folgt:The device according to the invention therefore works as follows:
Liefern die Spannungswandler 2 eine ausreichend hohe Spannung zwischen den Leitungen 5 und 6, dann ist das Schaltelement 9 im nicht leitenden Zustand, während die Diode 12 einen Stromfluß in Richtung der Batterie 7 sperrt. Es kann daher nur ein kleiner, vom Widerstand 11 bestimmter Ladungserhaltungsstrom durch die Batterie 7 fließen. Die übrige von den Spannungswandlem 2 gelieferte Energie wird den Verbrauchern 8 zugeführt.If the voltage converters 2 supply a sufficiently high voltage between the lines 5 and 6, the switching element 9 is in the non-conductive state, while the diode 12 blocks a current flow in the direction of the battery 7. Therefore, only a small charge maintenance current determined by the resistor 11 can flow through the battery 7. The rest of the energy supplied by the voltage converters 2 is supplied to the consumers 8.
Sinkt die von den Spannungswandlem 2 gelieferte Spannung geringfügig unter die Batteriespannung von z. B. 484 V ab, dann wird nach Erreichen einer kleinen Schwellenspannung von z. B. 1,5 V die Diode 12 leitend mit der Folge, daß die Batterie 7 jetzt unter Umgehung des Widerstands 11 direkt über den Verbraucher 8 entladen werden kann. Steigt danach die Ausgangsspannung an den Spannungswand- lern 2 emeut über die Batteriespannung an, ist wieder der oben beschriebene Normalzustand erreicht. Für den Fall, daß die Spannungswandler 2 für eine längere Zeitlang keine ausreichende Energie liefern und dadurch die Batteriespannung unter einen vorgewählten Schwellwert von z. B. 450 V absinkt, dann hat dies über die Steuereinrichtung 15 ein Einschalten des Schaltelements 9 in seinen leitenden Zustand zur Folge. Da zu diesem Zeitpunkt der Entladestrom der Batterie 7 immer noch über die Diode 12 fließt, kann diese Schaltung des Schaltelements 9 praktisch im stromlosen Zustand und damit unter weitgehender Schonung des Schaltelements 9 erfolgen.If the voltage supplied by the voltage converter 2 drops slightly below the battery voltage of z. B. 484 V, then after reaching a small threshold voltage of z. B. 1.5 V, the diode 12 conductive, with the result that the battery 7 can now be discharged bypassing the resistor 11 directly through the consumer 8. If the output voltage at the voltage converters 2 then rises again above the battery voltage, the normal state described above is reached again. In the event that the voltage converter 2 does not provide sufficient energy for a longer period of time and the battery voltage is below a preselected threshold value of z. B. 450 V drops, then this results in the control device 15 switching on the switching element 9 in its conductive state. Since the discharge current of the battery 7 is still flowing via the diode 12 at this point in time, this switching of the switching element 9 can take place practically in the de-energized state and thus with the switching element 9 being largely protected.
Steigt zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt aufgrund des Betriebsverhaltens des Fahrzeugs die Spannung zwischen den Leitungen 5 und 6 über die Batteriespannung an, setzt eine Schnelladimg der Batterie 7 ein, die wegen des rechtzeitig leitend gemachten Schaltelements 9 weder durch den Widerstand 11 noch durch die Diode 12 behindert wird. Gleichzeitig übernehmen die Spannungswandler 2 wieder die Versorgung des Ver- brauchers 8 mit Energie.If the voltage between the lines 5 and 6 rises above the battery voltage at a later point in time due to the operating behavior of the vehicle, the battery 7 is rapidlyadjusted, which is not impeded by the resistor 11 or the diode 12 because the switching element 9 is made conductive in good time becomes. At the same time, the voltage converters 2 again supply the consumer 8 with energy.
Sobald die Batterie 7 einen Volladezustand erreicht hat und infolgedessen der Ladestrom durch sie und die Strommeßeinrichtung 17 unter einen vorgegebenen und aus den Kennlinien der verwendeten Batteriezellen bekannten Wert abgesunken ist, wird am Ausgang 16 der Steuereinrichtung 15 ein Steuersignal erzeugt, das das Schaltelement 9 in den nicht leitenden Zustand umschaltet. Ein etwaiger Ladungserhaltungs- strom kann jetzt nur über den Widerstand 11 zur Batterie 7 fließen, was die oben beschriebenen Begrenzungen zur Folge hat. Durch die Volladung ist im übrigen wieder der oben erläuterte Normalzustand erreicht. Vorteilhaft ist in dieser Phase, daß die Umschaltung des Schaltelements 9 in den nicht leitenden Zustand ebenfalls schonend erfolgt, da das Schaltelement 9 zu diesem Zeitpunkt praktisch stromlos ist bzw. nur noch von einem kleinen Ladungserhaltungsstrom durchflössen wird.As soon as the battery 7 has reached a fully charged state and, as a result, the charging current through it and the current measuring device 17 has dropped below a predetermined value known from the characteristics of the battery cells used, a control signal is generated at the output 16 of the control device 15, which the switching element 9 into switches non-conductive state. Any charge maintenance current can now only flow to the battery 7 via the resistor 11, which results in the limitations described above. By the full charge, the normal state explained above is reached again. It is advantageous in this phase that the switching of the switching element 9 into the non-conductive state also takes place gently, since the switching element 9 is practically currentless at this point in time or only a small charge maintenance current flows through it.
Nach einem besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung sind die Spannungswandler 2 bzw. deren Regler 4, wie in der beiliegenden Zeichnung schematisch angedeutet ist, mit einem gemeinsamen BUS-System 18 verbunden. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Regler 4 und damit die Spannung zwischen den Leitungen 5 und 6 veränderbar zu machen und insbesondere an verschiedene Betriebszustände anzupassen. Als solche Betriebszustände kommen z. B. der Batteriestrom und die Batterietemperatur, aber auch verschiedene Betriebsparameter des Fahrzeugs in Betracht. Als weiterer Betriebszustand kann die entnommene Ladungsmenge vorgesehen werden. Im Hinblick auf die Batterietemperatur ist es vorteilhaft, die Ladung der Batterie 7 jeweils so zu gestalten, daß keine übermäßige Gasung auftritt und/oder der Wasserverbrauch begrenzt wird. Abgesehen davon kann das BUS-System 18 in vorteilhafter Weise zur Synchronisation der Spannimgswandler 2 mit Hilfe von Mikroprozessoren od. dgl. genutzt werden.According to a particularly preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, the voltage converters 2 or their regulators 4 are connected to a common bus system 18, as is indicated schematically in the accompanying drawing. This is it is possible to make the regulator 4 and thus the voltage between the lines 5 and 6 changeable and in particular to adapt it to different operating states. As such operating states come z. B. the battery current and the battery temperature, but also various operating parameters of the vehicle into consideration. The amount of charge removed can be provided as a further operating state. With regard to the battery temperature, it is advantageous to design the charge of the battery 7 so that no excessive gassing occurs and / or the water consumption is limited. Apart from this, the BUS system 18 can advantageously be used for the synchronization of the voltage converter 2 with the aid of microprocessors or the like.
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt, das auf vielfache Weise abgewandelt werden kann. Dies gilt insbesondere für die technische Realisierung der Meßeinrichtungen 14 und 17, die in der Zeichnung nur schematisch dargestellt sind. Tatsächlich können die zum Schalten des Schaltelements 9 vorgesehenen Spannungen und Ströme mit Hilfe der in den Spannungswandlem 2 vorhandenen Einrichtungen wie z. B. der Regler 4 überwacht und an die Steuereinrichtung 15 übermittelt werden. Weiter können anstelle der Lineargeneratoren 1 und Spannungswandler 2 natürlich auch andere Einrichtungen als Energielieferanten vorgesehen werden, wobei die beschriebene Vorrichtung in entsprechender Abwandlung auch beim Vorhandensein von nur einem oder mehr oder weniger als acht Energielieferanten brauchbar ist. Aus diesem Grund sind auch die angegebenen Werte für die Ströme und Spannungen und die zum Schalten des Schaltelements 9 verwendeten Schwellwerte nur als Beispiele aufzufassen. Weiter braucht das Schalt- element 9 nicht aus einem Schütz zu bestehen, und als Fahrzeuge kommen auch andere Fahrzeuge als Magnetschwebefahrzeuge mit wechselndem Energieangebot bzw. - verbrauch in Betracht. Abgesehen davon können den Spannungswandlem 2 alternativ oder zusätzlich zu den Lineargeneratoren auch andere Spannungserzeuger wie z. B. längs eines Fahrwegs vorgesehene Stromschienen od. dgl. zugeordnet sein. Schließlich versteht sich, daß die verschiedenen Merkmale auch in anderen als den beschriebenen und dargestellten Kombinationen angewendet werden können. The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment described, which can be modified in many ways. This applies in particular to the technical implementation of the measuring devices 14 and 17, which are only shown schematically in the drawing. In fact, the voltages and currents provided for switching the switching element 9 can be provided with the aid of the devices in the voltage converter 2, such as, for. B. the controller 4 is monitored and transmitted to the control device 15. Furthermore, instead of the linear generators 1 and voltage converters 2, other devices can of course also be provided as energy suppliers, the device described being usable in a corresponding modification even in the presence of only one or more or less than eight energy suppliers. For this reason, the specified values for the currents and voltages and the threshold values used for switching the switching element 9 are only to be understood as examples. Furthermore, the switching element 9 need not consist of a contactor, and vehicles other than magnetic levitation vehicles with changing energy supply or consumption can also be considered as vehicles. Apart from this, the voltage converter 2 can alternatively or in addition to the linear generators also other voltage generators such. B. provided along a route track or the like. Assigned. Finally, it goes without saying that the various features can also be used in combinations other than those described and illustrated.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004018310A DE102004018310A1 (en) | 2004-04-13 | 2004-04-13 | Device for charging / discharging a vehicle battery |
| DE102004018310.4 | 2004-04-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005100076A1 true WO2005100076A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
Family
ID=34965077
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2005/000606 Ceased WO2005100076A1 (en) | 2004-04-13 | 2005-04-06 | Device for charging/discharging a vehicle battery |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE102004018310A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005100076A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013021127A1 (en) | 2013-09-06 | 2015-03-12 | Marcel Henschel | Battery with extended current output |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010028428A1 (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2011-11-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for conversion of kinetic energy of vehicle i.e. train into electrical power, has fixed induction coil arranged in two regions of magnetic strip such that coil magnetically polarizes regions of magnetic strip during movement of train |
| DE102020000734A1 (en) | 2020-02-04 | 2021-08-05 | Man Truck & Bus Se | Battery-powered articulated vehicle |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3048763A (en) * | 1959-09-08 | 1962-08-07 | Charles A Cady | Battery charging apparatus |
| US3477009A (en) * | 1966-12-02 | 1969-11-04 | Whirlpool Co | Battery charging circuit |
| DE3541094A1 (en) * | 1985-11-18 | 1987-05-21 | Licentia Gmbh | Arrangement for charging the battery for the electrical system of a magnetic levitation vehicle |
| DE3701056A1 (en) * | 1987-01-13 | 1988-07-21 | Licentia Gmbh | Device for charging a battery which is located on a vehicle with a linear drive |
-
2004
- 2004-04-13 DE DE102004018310A patent/DE102004018310A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-04-06 WO PCT/DE2005/000606 patent/WO2005100076A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3048763A (en) * | 1959-09-08 | 1962-08-07 | Charles A Cady | Battery charging apparatus |
| US3477009A (en) * | 1966-12-02 | 1969-11-04 | Whirlpool Co | Battery charging circuit |
| DE3541094A1 (en) * | 1985-11-18 | 1987-05-21 | Licentia Gmbh | Arrangement for charging the battery for the electrical system of a magnetic levitation vehicle |
| DE3701056A1 (en) * | 1987-01-13 | 1988-07-21 | Licentia Gmbh | Device for charging a battery which is located on a vehicle with a linear drive |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| SHIBATA M ET AL: "ON-BOARD POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF A MAGNETICALLY LEVITATED VEHICLE", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, IEEE INC. NEW YORK, US, vol. 28, no. 1, January 1992 (1992-01-01), pages 474 - 477, XP000258042, ISSN: 0018-9464 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013021127A1 (en) | 2013-09-06 | 2015-03-12 | Marcel Henschel | Battery with extended current output |
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|---|---|
| DE102004018310A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
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