WO2005028140A1 - Gravity-applied special press - Google Patents

Abstract

A gravity-applied special press capable of providing a sufficient pressurizing speed without requiring a power by applying a self-weight lowering during pressurized processing and eliminating a deformation (strain) due to the pressurizing force of a press body which could not be inevitably avoided in a conventional press to perform an accurate pressing by allowing the production of an extra large press of several hundred thousand tons or heavier, which has been said to be currently impossible to manufacture, by a pressing system utilizing gravity, wherein a gravity block (1) as a movable part is lifted up and down at a specified speed by the operation of hydraulic cylinders (2), allowing the positions, speeds, and outputs thereof to be controlled by a hydraulic control device and a position detection device (7), externally along a lift guide (6) installed on the inner peripheral surface of a frame part at the upper part of a base frame (3) to perform a pressing operation by applying the gravity of the gravity block (1) between an metal cope (4) installed on the lower surface of the gravity block (1) and a metal drag (5) installed on the working surface of the base frame (3). A means allowing the gravity block (1) to be lifted up and down with a smaller force by using a wedge (10) is also available.

Description

 Description Gravity applied special press Technical field

 The present invention consists of a press machine such as an upper frame, a lower frame, a slide, a support, a slide, a hydraulic cylinder, etc. of a conventional press machine. Block, base frame (or base block, base frame), hydraulic cylinder for lifting heavy turnout, hydraulic pressure control device, etc., and pressure processing using the gravity of heavy turnout The present invention relates to gravity-applied special presses, and belongs to the technical field of plastic working such as cold or hot forging or press working. Background art

 As shown in Fig. 14, conventional press machines mainly consist of upper frames, hydraulic cylinders, columns, upper and lower dies, lower frames, slides, pull-up cylinders, etc., viewed from the structure or use side. There are an extremely large number of types, and they can be broadly classified into hydraulic presses, in which the pressure generating device is a hydraulic cylinder, and mechanical presses, in which a crank mechanism or a Totdal mechanism is used as the pressure generating device. Also, they are classified as large, medium and small presses in terms of size, and are classified as high, medium and low precision presses in terms of precision. In any case, an appropriate press machine that can ensure the quality required for the product to be made is selected and used.However, the pressing force generated inside the press is limited to the upper and lower frames, slides, etc. It is based on the basic structure of being supported and offset by the pillars via the bridge.

For this reason, with regard to large presses, there is a manufacturing limit in the size of each component that composes the press. Is the largest class. On the other hand, in recent years, there has been a growing demand for the manufacture of larger presses as aircraft parts and difficult-to-machine components have become larger.However, larger press machines cannot be manufactured with the current configuration and structure. Almost impossible.

Conventional press machines are mainly composed of an upper frame, a lower frame, columns, slides, pulling cylinders, etc., as shown in Fig. 14, and are equipped with a pressure generating device such as a hydraulic cylinder or crank mechanism inside. The pressurizing force generated inside is supported by columns via upper and lower frames. Therefore, due to having such a basic structure, there is naturally a fatal limit to performance requirements such as a large pressing force, a high pressurizing speed, and a high accuracy. In other words, in order to increase the pressing force, there are restrictions on the manufacturing, transportation, assembly, installation work, etc. of the components that make up the press. Manufacture is considered impossible. In addition, there is a limit in increasing the pressure and the capacity of the hydraulic pump to increase the pressurizing speed, and the desired pressurizing speed has not been realized in large presses. Furthermore, the problem of deformation (strain) due to the pressing force generated in each component of the press machine such as the upper and lower frames, the columns, and the dies occurs as δ1, δ2, δ3 shown in FIG. . δ1 is the amount of bending of the upper and lower frames due to bending and shear strain, δ2 is the amount of bending of the columns due to the bending moment transmitted from the upper and lower frames, and δ3 is the amount of extension of the columns. These are all cases in which the pressing force is applied as a concentrated load to the center of the press and are symmetrical. However, when the center of the load is eccentric in either direction, the state becomes more complicated. The occurrence of such deformation is a fate that cannot be avoided in conventional presses, greatly affects the dimensional accuracy of pressed products, and is an obstacle to achieving higher product accuracy. In order to solve this deformation (distortion) problem, in the case of conventional presses, effective means other than increasing the rigidity of each member cannot be expected, and after all, in order to obtain high-precision products, the weight of the press body must be increased. However, the manufacturing cost must be relatively high. Disclosure of the invention

 The present invention has been made in view of the background art as described above to solve the problem, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the gravity of a gravity block having a weight equal to or greater than a required pressing force. The purpose is to provide a special gravity-applied special press based on a completely new idea and concept that press processing is performed by applying, which is not possible with conventional presses. As a result, the demands of the press industry for larger sizes, higher processing speeds, and higher precision products can be easily achieved by pushing the limits. Brief Description of Drawings

 【Figure 1】 '

 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a view showing an embodiment of the present invention, in which a gravity block is a body shape and the outside thereof is a gravity applied special press guided by a base frame, (A) is a plan view, (B) is a front view, and ( C) is a side view.

 【Figure 2】

 FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

 [Figure 3]

 FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.

 [Fig. 4]

 FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG.

 [Figure 5]

 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention in which a gravity block is divided into upper and lower parts, and the outer side is a gravity applied special press guided by a base frame, (A) is a plan view, and (B) is a front view. (C) is a side view.

 [Fig. 6]

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. . [Fig. 7]

 FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line E-E of FIG.

 [Fig. 8]

 FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line FF of FIG.

 [Fig. 9]

 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, in which a gravity application special press is used in which a gravity block has a body shape and the outside thereof is not guided, (A) is a plan view, (B) is a front view, and (C) is a side view. It is.

 [Fig. 10]

 FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line GG of FIG. 9.

 [Fig. 11]

 FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line H-H in FIG. 9.

 [Fig. 1 2]

 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a view showing an embodiment of the present invention, in which a gravity block is a gravitational application special press in which a gravity block moves up and down by a ゥ edge, (A) is a plan view, (B) is a front view, and (C) is a side view. Confuse.

 [Fig. 13]

 FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line JJ in FIG.

 [Fig. 14]

 This drawing is a basic configuration diagram of a conventional press, and is a reference diagram for clarifying a difference from the gravity-applied special press of the present invention.

 [Explanation of symbols]

 1 Gravity block

 l a Upper gravity block

 l Lower gravity block

2 Hydraulic cylinder 3 Base frame

 4 Upper mold

 5 Lower mold

 6 Lifting guide

 7 Position detection device

 8 Base block

 9 Centering guide

 1 0 edge

 1 1 Base frame

 1 2 Hydrostatic bearing upper guide

 1 3 Hydrostatic bearing lower guide

 1 0 1 Upper frame

 1 02 Hydraulic cylinder

 1 03 prop

 1 04 Upper die (for conventional press)

 1 05 Lower die (for conventional press)

 1 06 Lower frame

 1 07 Slide

 1 08 Pull cylinder Best mode for carrying out the invention

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 are the main parts configuration diagram of gravity applied special press with integrated gravity block, Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 are main parts configuration diagram of gravity applied special press with gravity block divided into upper and lower, Figures 9 to 11 show the main parts of a gravity application special press in which the gravity block has a body shape and the outside is not guided.Figures 12 to 13 show the heavy cub The figure shows the main configuration of a gravity-applied special press that has a body shape and moves up and down by a wedge. In the configurations shown in Figs. 1 to 4, the integral heavy turnip opening 1 is lifted up to the upper limit of the press stroke by the hydraulic cylinder 2, and its weight is divided into a plurality of rows. It is transmitted through the hydraulic cylinder 2 to the work floor surface on which the lower mold 5 of the base frame 3 is installed. At this time, the gravity block is held at the center of the press by the lifting guide 6 in the front-rear and left-right directions.

In addition, the eccentric load generated due to the unevenness of the processing material and the eccentricity of the position of the center of gravity at the time of press working is also supported by the lifting guide 6. When the gravity block 1 is lowered (pressurized) from this state, the hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic cylinder 2 is returned to the tank, but the hydraulic fluid is controlled by a hydraulic control device equipped with a flow control valve and a double tilt pump. By controlling the speed at which the fluid returns to the tank, the descending (pressurizing) speed of gravity block 1 can be arbitrarily determined. In addition, the descent (pressurization) speed can be increased up to the self-weight drop speed at the maximum. However, when performing the descent (pressurization) operation, gravity is applied, so no power is required. There are advantages. The gravity block is raised by introducing high-pressure hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump into the hydraulic cylinder 2. The load of the gravity block 1 is concentrated only at the center of the press where the upper and lower dies 4 and 5 are applied only when pressurized. It is dispersed at the position of cylinder 2. In order to disperse the load of the gravity block concentrated at the center of the press during press working, that is, the applied pressure, the side of the protrusion directly below the die is appropriately inclined. In addition, upper and lower dies, materials, and processed products are carried in and out of the press from the front to the back of the press, and openings are provided on the left and right walls so that equipment maintenance work can be performed from the left and right. . Next, in the configurations shown in Figs. 5 to 8, the gravity block is divided into upper and lower parts, and the upper gravity block la and the lower heavy turnout lb are used. A cutting section is provided and a hydraulic cylinder 2 for raising and lowering the upper gravity block is arranged in it.In the lower working space of the lower heavy cub mouth lb, materials and dies can be loaded and unloaded in the front-rear direction Hydraulic cylinders 2 are arranged in two rows on the left and right, and the upper and lower gravity blocks can be moved up and down independently.In these figures, each of the gravity blocks 1a and 1b has the upper stroke limit. Is shown. At this time, each gravity block 1 a, lb is held at the center of the press by the lifting guide 6 in the front, rear, left and right directions. When operating these upper and lower heavy pumps, the upper heavy pump 1a is kept at the upper limit and only the lower heavy pump, lb alone is raised and lowered. There are two ways to integrate the work and raise and lower at the same time. Either one can be selected for operation. If the required pressure is relatively small, only the lower gravity block 1b will be operated alone, and if the required pressure is relatively large, the upper and lower heavy cubic ports will be combined to operate simultaneously. At this time, the hydraulic cylinder 2 is operated by conducting all the hydraulic cylinders 2 in the case of simultaneous operation of the vertical gravity block, and the upper gravity block 1a is driven in the case of single operation of only the lower gravity block 1b. And fix the hydraulic cylinder 2 for driving the lower gravity block lb. As a result, in the case of single operation of only the lower gravity block 1b, the ascending speed is twice that of simultaneous operation in the vertical direction. Other methods of controlling the descent speed, countermeasures against concentrated loads and eccentric loads, loading and unloading of materials into and out of the press, and considerations for maintenance are the same as in the case of the embodiments shown in Figs. 9 to 11, the weight of the gravity block 1 is transmitted to the base block 8 via hydraulic cylinders 2 arranged in two rows on the left and right sides, and the lifting operation is performed by the hydraulic cylinder 2. . Hydraulic cylinders 2 are divided into four groups: front, rear, left and right.Each of them can be controlled independently, and pressurization is performed based on the values detected by position detectors 7 installed at the four outer corners of gravity block 1. Corrects the inclination of the heavy turnbuck 1 due to the eccentric load generated during machining and the inclination of the heavy turnout 1 that occurs during elevating and stopping operations, and always keeps the gravity block 1 accurately and horizontally. The gravity block 1 is always held at the center of the press by the centering guide 9, and the upper mold 4 is attached to the lower part thereof.

The loading and unloading of upper and lower dies, materials, and processed products are performed along a sufficiently large penetration space that penetrates the base block 8 back and forth and the lower die 5 is attached to the center. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the gravity block 1 is moved up and down by moving the edge 10 having a U-shaped notch at the center thereof in the horizontal direction in order to secure a machining space.重力 When the edge 10 is pushed in by the hydraulic cylinder 2, the gravity block 1 rises and descends when it is pulled out. The lifting speed is controlled by controlling the operating speed of the hydraulic cylinder 2.ゥ While the edge 10 slides on the upper guide surface 12 of the hydrostatic bearing at the bottom of the gravity block 1, it horizontally operates along the lower guide surface 13 of the hydrostatic bearing of the base frame 11, and the gravity block 1 Operates vertically along the lifting guide 6 of the base frame 11. Therefore, the gravitational block 1 does not tilt during the press working in which an eccentric load is generated, or during the elevating operation and the stop. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment of the present invention, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, although not described in the above embodiment, conventionally, in the case of a long bent product, Deformation of the lower frame and the mold is large and it is difficult to obtain the required accuracy, which is a problem. However, based on the spirit of the present invention, the gravity block and the base frame are bent with a long object. It can be easily solved by setting the length to the same length as the processed product. Industrial applicability

As is clear from the above description, in the gravity applied special press according to the first and second aspects of the present invention, the heavy turntable having the required weight is raised and lowered by the hydraulic cylinder. The press work is performed by applying the gravity of the press, and the method of supporting the pressing force with the upper and lower frames and columns as in the conventional press is not used. In addition, the descent of the gravity block and the pressure processing speed can be arbitrarily set by the hydraulic pressure control device, and the maximum weight drop speed can be obtained. Therefore, when trying to increase the size of the press, it is easy to respond by increasing the weight of the gravity block. Also, if the material of the gravity block and the base frame is reinforced concrete, it is possible to assemble concrete frames and reinforcing bars at the press installation site and knead and cast concrete. The size and weight restrictions that arise in the case of the above are eliminated. Even if the gravity block is made of iron or steel, the gravity block is subdivided into a size that can be transported, manufactured and transported, assembled sequentially on site, and welded or bolted together to complete the entire heavy turnout. It can be completed. Furthermore, by installing the required number of cylinders of the maximum size that can be manufactured and transported, it is possible to easily respond to the increase in size. In other words, these means make it possible to realize even a very large press of 100,000 tons. Next, it is possible to increase the pressurizing speed by controlling the operating pressure of the hydraulic cylinder for raising and lowering the gravity block.In theory, if the pressure in the cylinder is reduced to near O kg / cm ² The gravity block will descend rapidly at its own weight falling speed. Hot working place In this case, there is a demand for processing in a short time in a high temperature state where the deformation resistance of the material is low.- In addition, there is a demand to extend the life of the mold by minimizing the contact time between the high temperature material and the mold. Therefore, higher processing speed is required. Practically, the descending speed of the gravity block, that is, the pressurizing speed, can easily be obtained at about 50 to 100 mm / sec even in the case of a large press, and the demand for high speed can be sufficiently achieved. At this time, power is not required because gravity is applied. Considering that it is extremely difficult to obtain a conventional large-sized press even at a pressurizing speed of about 10 mm / sec due to the limited capacity of hydraulic pumps, electric motors, etc. _c the availability may be sufficiently expected, in the press of the present invention, medium, even in a small field of the weight of the heavy Cub-locking is loading onto the mold and processed products during pressing Processing will be performed in the form shown below. Therefore, in this case, unlike the conventional press, the pressure receiving surface of the gravity block or the base frame has only compressive stress, and almost no bending stress is generated. Naturally, bending strain and shear strain caused by bending stress are also reduced. Disappears. That is, the deformation of δ1, δ2, δ3 as shown in FIG. 14 does not occur. This greatly improves the dimensional accuracy of the pressed product. Furthermore, when the gravity block is divided into upper and lower parts, if the required pressure is relatively small, it is possible to operate the lower gravity block alone, thereby saving energy and improving productivity. I do. Further, according to the gravity applied special press according to the invention of claim 3, the gravity block is lifted up and down by pushing and pulling the heavy turnout having the required weight in the horizontal direction using the ゥ edge. The press work is performed using gravity while applying pressure, and does not use the method of supporting the pressing force with upper and lower frames or columns as in a conventional press. Also, the lowering of the heavy turnout and the pressing speed can be arbitrarily set by the hydraulic control device. Take the form. Therefore, the gravity block is loaded on the base frame and the edge, so that it can work stably without tilting in any working state such as generation of eccentric load during press working, In addition, since the upper and lower frames and the columns are not used, there is no bending deformation of these, and it is easy to increase the precision of the pressed product. In addition, the number of hydraulic cylinders used can be greatly reduced due to the edge effect, and the hydraulic pressure control device has the advantage of being reduced in size. In addition, in the conventional press, the main cylinder for pressurization has to be installed in a limited narrow space near the upper or lower part of the working area due to structural restrictions, so that the main cylinder ゃ piping, hydraulic equipment Assembling and installation of daily services. Daily maintenance work is extremely difficult. Furthermore, hydraulic fluids are often used as hydraulic fluids in forging presses of incandescent steel ingots, in which case the risk of fire is high. On the other hand, in the press of the present invention, the main cylinder is arranged in any form in such a manner as to be opened outwardly on the outer peripheral portion of the press far from the working range together with the piping, hydraulic equipment and the like. This makes daily maintenance, inspection and repair work easier, and has the advantage of safety, such as eliminating the risk of fire since it is far away from heat sources such as red-hot steel ingots. Sex is enough.

Claims

Claims A gravity block having a weight exceeding the required pressing force, which can be used as an integral type or divided into a plurality of parts, and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders arranged under the lower part for raising and lowering the integrated gravity block Alternatively, for a plurality of divided gravity blocks, hydraulic cylinders arranged so that each gravity block can be individually raised and lowered, and a hydraulic pressure control device for controlling the operating speed of the cylinders, and Position detection control device, upper and lower dies, gravity block are guided up and down from the outside, and at the same time a base frame and lifting guide that support the entire weight of the press are configured. In the gravity block, the upper mold is attached to the lower surface of the lowermost gravity block, and the lower mold is attached to the work surface of the base frame. A gravity applied special press that enables the mold to move up and down and applies the gravity of the gravity block when the gravity block descends. A gravity block having a weight exceeding the required pressure, a plurality of hydraulic cylinders arranged at the bottom of the gravity block for raising and lowering it, a hydraulic pressure control device for controlling the operation speed thereof, and gravity A device that detects and controls the vertical position and level of the block and controls it, a vertical die, a centering guide that holds the gravity block at the center of the press, and a base block that supports the weight of the entire press. An upper mold is attached to the lower surface of the base and a lower mold is attached to the work surface of the base block, so that the gravity block and the upper mold can be moved up and down. A gravity-applied special press that performs press working by applying the gravity of a heavy turnip. A heavy turnip with a weight exceeding the required pressure, and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders that push and pull the ゥ edge and ゥ edge installed below the gravity block to raise and lower it, Hydraulic pressure control to control the operating speed of the cylinder The device, position detection control device, and the base frame that guides the lifting and lowering of the gravity block and the operation of the wedge while simultaneously supporting the weight of the entire press, and the hydrostatic bearing device that is mounted on the vertical sliding surface of the wedge An upper mold is attached to the lower surface of the gravity block, and a lower mold is attached to the work surface of the base frame, so that the gravity block and the upper mold can be moved up and down. A gravity applied special press that performs press working by using the gravity of the turnip.