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WO2005015847A2 - Operations d'entrainement sdma - Google Patents

Operations d'entrainement sdma Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005015847A2
WO2005015847A2 PCT/US2004/025705 US2004025705W WO2005015847A2 WO 2005015847 A2 WO2005015847 A2 WO 2005015847A2 US 2004025705 W US2004025705 W US 2004025705W WO 2005015847 A2 WO2005015847 A2 WO 2005015847A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
poll
transmitting
value
receiving
electronic device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2004/025705
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2005015847A3 (fr
Inventor
Qinghua Li
Minnie Ho
Adrian P. Stephens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Intel Corp
Original Assignee
Intel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/745,891 external-priority patent/US20050147115A1/en
Application filed by Intel Corp filed Critical Intel Corp
Priority to CNA2004800263266A priority Critical patent/CN1849788A/zh
Priority to JP2006523267A priority patent/JP2007502077A/ja
Publication of WO2005015847A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005015847A2/fr
Publication of WO2005015847A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005015847A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/02—Hybrid access

Definitions

  • a base station may transmit or receive separate signals to or from multiple mobile devices at the same time on the same frequency, provided the mobile devices are located in sufficiently different directions from the base station.
  • different signals may be simultaneously transmitted from each of separate spaced-apart antennas so that the combined transmissions are directional, i.e., the signal intended for each mobile device may be relatively strong in the direction of that mobile device and relatively weak in other directions.
  • the base station may receive the combined signals from multiple independent mobile devices at the same time on the same frequency through each of separate spaced- apart antennas, and separate the combined received signals from the multiple antennas into the separate signals from each mobile device through appropriate signal processing so that the reception is directional.
  • IEEE 802.11 IEEE is the acronym for the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, 3 Park Avenue, 17th floor, New York, New York
  • the parameters needed to control the directional nature of both transmissions and receptions may vary depending on various factors, including the direction of each mobile device from the base station. Since these factors may not be known in advance of operation, and may even change during operation, they may not be programmed into the system in advance.
  • Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a communications network for a training operation, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show timing diagrams of a training operations, according to some embodiments of the invention.
  • Figs. 4, 5 and 6 show formats of various frame types, according to some embodiments of the invention.
  • Fig. 7 shows a flow diagram of a method of operation in a base station, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows a flow diagram of a method of operation in a mobile device, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 9 shows a block diagram of a base station, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 10 shows a block diagram of a mobile device, according to an embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • connection along with their derivatives, may be used. It should be understood that these terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. Rather, in particular embodiments, “connected” may be used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. “Coupled” may mean that two or more elements are either in direct physical or electrical contact, or that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other but yet still co-operate or interact with each other. [0007] As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal adjectives
  • processor may refer to any device or portion of a device that processes electronic data from registers and/or memory to transform that electronic data into other electronic data that may be stored in registers and/or memory.
  • computing platform may comprise one or more processors.
  • wireless and its derivatives may be used to describe circuits, devices, systems, methods, techniques, communications channels, etc., that may communicate data through the use of modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium.
  • the term does not imply that the associated devices do not contain any wires, although in some embodiments they might not.
  • access point and “AP” may be used interchangeably herein to describe an electronic device that may communicate wirelessly and substantially simultaneously with multiple other electronic devices
  • mobile device and “STA” may be used interchangeably to describe any of those multiple other electronic devices, which may have the capability to be moved and still communicate, though movement is not a requirement.
  • scope of the invention is not limited to devices that are labeled with those terms.
  • spatial division multiple access and SDMA may be used interchangeably.
  • these terms are intended to encompass any communication technique in which different signals may be transmitted by different antennas substantially simultaneously from the same device such that the combined transmitted signals result in different signals intended for different devices being transmitted substantially in different directions on the same frequency, and/or techniques in which different signals may be received substantially simultaneously through multiple antennas on the same frequency from different devices in different directions and the different signals may be separated from each other through suitable processing.
  • the term "same frequency”, as used herein, may include slight variations in the exact frequency due to such things as bandwidth tolerance, Doppler shift adaptations, parameter drift, etc.
  • Two or more transmissions to different devices are considered substantially simultaneous if at least a portion of each transmission to the different devices occurs at the same time, but does not imply that the different transmissions must start and/or end at the same time, although they may.
  • two or more receptions from different devices are considered substantially simultaneous if at least a portion of each reception from the different devices occurs at the same time, but does not imply that the different transmissions must start and/or end at the same time, although they may.
  • Variations of the words represented by the term SDMA may sometimes be used by others, such as but not limited to substituting "space” for "spatial", or “diversity” for "division". The scope of various embodiments of the invention is intended to encompass such differences in nomenclature.
  • request-to-send and/or clear-to-send frames may trigger other devices to withhold transmissions for a specified amount of time during a training sequence.
  • specific types of data frames may be used for the same purpose.
  • Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a communications network for SDMA training, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the illustrated embodiment of a communications network shows an AP 110 that may communicate with multiple STAs 131-134 located in different directions from the AP.
  • the AP 110 may employ an SDMA training phase to determine the parameters needed to transmit different signals to each of multiple ones of the STAs substantially simultaneously on the same frequency, and to receive different signals from each of multiple ones of the STAs substantially simultaneously on the same frequency, and may then use those parameters to enable such substantially simultaneous communications.
  • AP 110 is shown with four antennas 120 to communicate wirelessly with up to four STAs at a time using SDMA techniques, other embodiments may have other arrangements (e.g., AP 110 may have two, three, or more than four antennas).
  • Each STA may have at least one antenna to communicate wirelessly with the AP 110.
  • the STA antenna(s) may be adapted to operate omnidirectionally, but in other embodiments the STA antenna(s) may be adapted to operate directionally.
  • the STAs may be in fixed locations, but in other embodiments at least some of the STAs may be moving during and/or between communications sequences.
  • the AP may be in a fixed location, but in other embodiments the AP may be moving during and/or between communications sequences.
  • Fig. 2 shows a timing diagram of an example of a training phase, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • transmissions from a base station are on the line indicated as AP, while transmissions from three mobile devices are on the lines indicated as STAl, STA2, and STA3, respectively.
  • STAl transmissions from three mobile devices
  • STA3 transmissions from three mobile devices
  • STAl transmissions from three mobile devices
  • STAl transmissions from three mobile devices
  • STA3 transmissions from three mobile devices
  • STAl transmissions from three mobile devices
  • STA3 are on the lines indicated as STAl, STA2, and STA3, respectively.
  • the number 1, 2 or 3 at the end of a label e.g., DATA NULL 1, ACK3, etc.
  • the AP is shown transmitting a data null frame (DATA NULL) to STAl as a training poll.
  • a data null frame may be a data frame with zero bytes in the data field, although other embodiments may use a different format (e.g., the data field may consist of null characters, etc.).
  • STAl may then respond with an acknowledgment (ACK) as a training response.
  • ACK acknowledgment
  • the AP may then process the received ACK signal to derive parameters for SDMA operations to be used with STAl .
  • the AP may send a DATA NULL to STA 2 as a training poll, to which STA2 may respond with an ACK as a training response.
  • the AP may then process the ACK 2 signal to derive parameters for SDMA operations to be used with STA2.
  • a similar exchange may then take place between the AP and ST A3.
  • Some or all of these transmissions may be omnidirectional from the transmitting device, although various embodiments are not limited in this respect.
  • devices other than the responding STA should refrain from transmitting, as their signals may interfere with the signal received at the antennas of the AP from the responding STA, and thereby may cause faulty parameters to be derived.
  • Each data null frame may include a field containing a duration indicator, defining the remaining time left until the time T ET at end of this sequence of training exchanges.
  • the duration indicator may be expressed in microseconds, but various embodiments of the invention are not limited in this respect.
  • the duration indicator shown in the drawings as a network allocation vector (NAV)
  • NAV network allocation vector
  • all STAs except the one addressed in the poll that receive the data null frame may enter a self-imposed period during which the STAs will not initiate any transmissions, except to send an ACK in response to a poll from the AP.
  • STA2 may acknowledge the poll DATA NULL 2
  • STA3 may acknowledge the poll DATA NULL 3 but these and other STAs (except for STAl in this example) should not otherwise transmit during the indicated time.
  • the AP may calculate the duration of the NAV before sending the DATA
  • DATA NULL 2 may contain a similar NAV indicator, with a smaller value to account for the fact that the time T ET is closer at the time DATA NULL 2 is transmitted.
  • DATA NULL 3 may also contain a NAV, defining the time until the same end point T ET .
  • the different NAVs contained in the different DATA NULLs may be redundant, since they define the same end point.
  • STAs that do receive the earlier DATA NULLs may also use later DATA NULLs to recalibrate their NAV period, though various embodiments of the invention are not limited in this respect.
  • An interframe space is shown between successive transmissions from difference devices.
  • An IFS may be a defined time period during which no transmission is intended, although the invention is not limited in this respect. Various embodiments may use such time intervals in all, some, or none of the indicated places.
  • the IFSs may have uniform duration, or may have different durations according to various criteria. These time intervals may serve various purposes, for example: 1) to allow for differences in the timing of the AP and various STAs, 2) to allow a time for any needed processing between receptions and transmissions, 3) to allow time for a transceiver to switch between transmit and receive modes, 4) etc.
  • Fig. 3 shows a timing diagram similar to Fig. 2, except that the initial training poll is shown as a request-to-send (RTS), and the initial training response is shown as a clear-to-send (CTS).
  • the RTS may also contain a duration field containing a NAV value.
  • the non-addressed STAs that receive the RTS may refrain from transmitting during the indicated time, except for ACKs in response to polls from the AP.
  • the CTS may also contain a duration field that specifies a NAV value indicating the time until time T ET - STAS that hear the CTS sent to the AP may establish (or recalibrate) a NAV from the CTS duration field, in a manner similar to that previously described.
  • a CTS may be sent in response to an RTS only if the addressed STA does not already have an active NAV, thus the RTS/CTS exchange may be limited to the first exchange in the sequence because the CTS would not be available in the later exchanges due to the active NAV.
  • RTS, CTS, ACK, and data null frames may have other uses in other applications, they may be used for SDMA training operations in the manner described herein. In some operations, the use of these frames in SDMA training operations maybe solely the province of the AP, i.e., STAs may respond as indicated without knowing whether their responses will be used for SDMA training or not, while the AP will process the received responses in a manner prescribed for SDMA training.
  • Figs. 4, 5 and 6 show formats for various types of frames, according to various embodiments of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a format for an RTS frame
  • Fig. 5 shows a format for a CTS and/or an ACK frame
  • each frame may specify which type of frame it is, as well as specifying other useful information.
  • each type of frame in these examples contains a Duration field, which may be used to indicate the NAV.
  • the various Address fields may be used to specify addresses of the target and/or source devices.
  • the CRC field may contain a check value that may be used to verify the integrity of the received frame, such as but not limited to a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) value.
  • CRC cyclic redundancy check
  • Fig. 7 shows a flow chart of a method of operation in a base station, according to an embodiment of the invention. Although the flow charts shown in Figs. 7 and 8 only cover specific operations, other operations may also take place before, after, and/or during the operations shown.
  • the base station may calculate a duration value (e.g., a value for a NAV) that may define the end of the current training phase.
  • the duration value may be the sum of all expected occurrences that are to take place during the current training phase, such as the subsequent polls, the responses, and the interframe spaces, although the various embodiments of the invention are not limited in this respect.
  • a fraining poll may be transmitted to a specifically- addressed mobile device, the training poll including the calculated duration value.
  • the training poll may comprise an RTS frame or a data null frame, although various embodiments of the invention may not be limited in this manner.
  • the base station may receive a training response from the addressed mobile device. If all mobile devices for the current training phase have been polled, as indicated at 740, other processing (not described) may be started or continued at 750.
  • Fig. 8 shows a flow chart of a method of operation in a mobile device, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the mobile device receives a fraining poll containing a duration value (such as but not limited to the duration value calculated at 710 in Fig. 7).
  • the training poll may be an RTS or a data null frame, but various embodiments of the invention are not limited in this manner.
  • a timer is set per the duration value, and begins to time the indicated timing interval, which may end at the end of the training phase. In some embodiments the value in the timer may be adjusted to begin at a particular time, rather than the exact time the timer is started.
  • the destination address in the poll may be examined to determine if the mobile device performing these operations is the mobile device to which the poll is addressed. If it is, the mobile device may respond to the training poll at 840 by transmitting the correct frame type. In some embodiments the response may be a CTS or an ACK, but various embodiments of the invention are not limited in this manner.
  • Fig. 9 shows a block diagram of a base station, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Computing platform 950 which may perform processing suitable for a base station, may include one or more processors, and in some embodiments at least one of the one or more processors may be a digital signal processor (DSP).
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • AP 110 has four antennas 120, but other embodiments may have two, three, or more than four antennas.
  • base station 110 may have a modulator/demodulator 920, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 930, and a digital-to- analog converter (DAC) 940.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • DAC digital-to- analog converter
  • the combination of demodulator- ADC may convert received radio frequency signals from the antenna into digital signals suitable for processing by the computing platform 950.
  • Fig. 10 shows a block diagram of a mobile device, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the illustrated components of mobile device 131 may include a computing platform 1050, antenna 1021, modulator/demodulator 1020, ADC 1030, and DAC 1040 that may be functionally similar to those similarly-named components of Fig. 9, but the device of Fig.
  • FIG. 10 is shown with a single antenna/ modulator/demodulator/ ADC/ DAC combination, and the computing platform 1050 may perform the operations previously described for a mobile device rather than a base station, although various embodiments of the invention are not limited in these respects.
  • Various embodiments of the invention may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Embodiments of the invention may also be implemented as instructions stored on a machine-readable medium, which may be read and executed by a computing platform to perform the operations described herein.
  • a machine-readable medium may include any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
  • a machine- readable medium may include read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory devices; electrical, optical, acoustical or other form of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.), and others.
  • ROM read only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • magnetic disk storage media may include magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory devices; electrical, optical, acoustical or other form of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.), and others.
  • propagated signals e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)

Abstract

Durant une phase d'entraînement dans un réseau utilisant des techniques d'accès multiple par répartition spatiale (SDMA), des types de trame déclencheurs de vecteurs d'attribution de réseau pouvant être utilisés dans la phase d'entraînement en vue d'empêcher à des dispositifs non désirés d'émettre durant la phase d'entraînement.
PCT/US2004/025705 2003-08-08 2004-08-06 Operations d'entrainement sdma Ceased WO2005015847A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNA2004800263266A CN1849788A (zh) 2003-08-08 2004-08-06 Sdma训练操作
JP2006523267A JP2007502077A (ja) 2003-08-08 2004-08-06 Ｓｄｍａトレーニング動作

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US49393703P 2003-08-08 2003-08-08
US60/493,937 2003-08-08
US10/745,891 US20050147115A1 (en) 2003-12-24 2003-12-24 SDMA training operations
US10/745,891 2003-12-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005015847A2 true WO2005015847A2 (fr) 2005-02-17
WO2005015847A3 WO2005015847A3 (fr) 2005-05-06

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PCT/US2004/025705 Ceased WO2005015847A2 (fr) 2003-08-08 2004-08-06 Operations d'entrainement sdma

Country Status (4)

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JP (1) JP2007502077A (fr)
CN (1) CN1849788A (fr)
MY (1) MY141977A (fr)
WO (1) WO2005015847A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9173191B2 (en) 2009-12-20 2015-10-27 Intel Corporation Device, system and method of simultaneously communicating with a group of wireless communication devices
WO2015199935A1 (fr) * 2014-06-27 2015-12-30 Intel IP Corporation Réservation de canal rapide pour wi-fi

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4888396B2 (ja) * 2007-03-05 2012-02-29 ソニー株式会社 無線通信システム、無線通信装置及び無線通信方法、並びにコンピュータ・プログラム
US8532038B2 (en) 2008-08-19 2013-09-10 Qualcomm Incorporated Methods and apparatus for frame exchange for SDMA uplink data
JP5598023B2 (ja) * 2010-03-03 2014-10-01 ソニー株式会社 無線通信装置、無線通信システム、および無線通信方法

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US7095754B2 (en) * 2000-11-03 2006-08-22 At&T Corp. Tiered contention multiple access (TCMA): a method for priority-based shared channel access
JP3987800B2 (ja) * 2001-03-02 2007-10-10 エイ・ティ・アンド・ティ・コーポレーション ８０２．１１用干渉抑圧方法
DE60212761T2 (de) * 2001-05-29 2006-11-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Gerät zur drahtlosen Kommunikation
EP1286506B1 (fr) * 2001-08-07 2005-10-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Système de communication sans fil et station sans fil
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Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9173191B2 (en) 2009-12-20 2015-10-27 Intel Corporation Device, system and method of simultaneously communicating with a group of wireless communication devices
US10256881B2 (en) 2009-12-20 2019-04-09 Intel Corporation Apparatus, system and method of sounding feedback sequence of explicit beamforming training
US10447364B2 (en) 2009-12-20 2019-10-15 Intel Corporation Device, system and method of simultaneously communicating with a group of wireless communication devices
US10938463B2 (en) 2009-12-20 2021-03-02 Intel Corporation Device, system and method of simultaneously communicating with a group of wireless communication devices
US11791875B2 (en) 2009-12-20 2023-10-17 Intel Corporation Device, system and method of simultaneously communicating with a group of wireless communication devices
US12176981B2 (en) 2009-12-20 2024-12-24 Intel Corporation Device, system and method of simultaneously communicating with a group of wireless communication devices
WO2015199935A1 (fr) * 2014-06-27 2015-12-30 Intel IP Corporation Réservation de canal rapide pour wi-fi

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1849788A (zh) 2006-10-18
MY141977A (en) 2010-08-16
WO2005015847A3 (fr) 2005-05-06
JP2007502077A (ja) 2007-02-01

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