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WO2005011292A1 - Affichage 2d/3d commutable - Google Patents

Affichage 2d/3d commutable Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2005011292A1
WO2005011292A1 PCT/IB2004/002570 IB2004002570W WO2005011292A1 WO 2005011292 A1 WO2005011292 A1 WO 2005011292A1 IB 2004002570 W IB2004002570 W IB 2004002570W WO 2005011292 A1 WO2005011292 A1 WO 2005011292A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diffuser
backlight
lenticular screen
light
lenses
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2004/002570
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Willem L. Ijzerman
Siebe T. De Zwart
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Publication of WO2005011292A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005011292A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/356—Image reproducers having separate monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
    • H04N13/359—Switching between monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switchable 2D/3D display.
  • WO-A-03/007620 discloses a display which is switchable between 2D and 3D modes.
  • the display uses a lenticular screen in front of an LCD to form a 3D image in a conventional way.
  • a controllable diffuser which can be switched between diffusing and non-diffusing states, is provided immediately in front of or behind the lenticular screen.
  • the diffuser When the diffuser is in its non-diffusing state a 3D image is produced but when it is switched to its diffusing state, the light passing through the lenticular screen is scattered and a 2D image is produced.
  • a problem with placing the diffuser in front of the lenticular screen is that ambient light is scattered by the diffuser, reducing the contrast of the image. With the diffuser behind the lenticular screen, there is a problem of reduced resolution in both 2D and 3D modes, particularly in the horizontal direction.
  • a switchable 2D/3D display including a backlight, a diffuser that can be switched between diffusing and non-diffusing states, a lenticular screen comprising a plurality of parallel cylindrical lenses and a light modulator comprising an array of light modulating elements, wherein the diffuser is behind the lenticular screen and the lenticular screen is behind the light modulator.
  • the diffuser is not necessarily a two state device and a device whose level of scattering can be controlled thought a continuum or a plurality of steps would be usable.
  • the backlight may produce light collimated in one dimension transverse to or substantially transverse to the axes of said lenses.
  • the collimation is not perfect and there is a small degree of divergence suitable for increasing the viewing angle of the display.
  • the collimating backlight may comprise a thin elongate light source and a Fresnel-type cylindrical lens the major axes of the Fresnel-type cylindrical lens and the light source being parallel to each other.
  • Mirrors may be used to improve the efficiency of the backlight. However, the mirrors should not be placed so as to adversely affect the collimation.
  • An alternative backlight comprises a plurality of line light sources with a one-to-one relationship with lenses of the lenticular screen.
  • a further diffuser is located between the lenticular screen and the light modulator.
  • the further diffuser provides an alternative to increasing the power of the lenses of the lenticular screen for increasing the opening angle. More preferably, the further diffuser extends through or close to the focuses of the lenses of the lenticular screen.
  • the cylindrical lens may be positioned relative to the backlight such that the magnification of the backlight by said lenses is an integer value, preferably 1. This provides improved light efficiency.
  • the cylindrical lenses may present curved faces towards the backlight or towards light modulator.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic sectional side view of the main elements of a display according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic sectional plan view of the main elements of a display according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows part of the diffuser, the lenticular screen and the LCD panel of the display of Figure 1 in 3D mode
  • Figure 4 shows part of the diffuser, the lenticular screen and the LCD panel of the display of Figure 1 in 2D mode
  • Figure 5 shows part of the diffuser, the lenticular screen, a thin diffuser and the LCD panel of a second display according to the present invention in 3D mode
  • Figure 6 is a schematic sectional plan view of the main elements of a third display according to the present invention
  • Figure 7 shows part of the diffuser, the lenticular screen and the LCD panel of the display of Figure 6 in 3D mode
  • Figure 8 shows part of the diffuser, the lenticular screen and the
  • a first display according to the present invention comprises a backlight 1 , a switchable diffuser 2 in front of the backlight, a lenticular screen 3 in front of the diffuser 2 and an LCD (liquid crystal display) panel 4 in front of the diffuser 2.
  • the backlight 1 , the diffuser 2, the lenticular screen 3 and the LCD panel 4 are substantially coextensive and mutually plane parallel.
  • the LCD panel 4 is controlled by display control circuits (not shown).
  • the display control circuits darken and lighten pixels of the LCD panel 4 according to the image to be displayed and whether the display is being operated in 2D or 3D mode in a conventional manner.
  • the backlight 1 produces a beam having a cross-section corresponding to the area of the display's image area and which is transversely collimated.
  • the transverse collimation is not perfect and there is a small degree of divergence. That is the beam is collimated on the left-right axis when viewed from the front of the display but not on the orthogonal top-bottom axis.
  • the backlight 1 comprises a thin elongate lamp 11 which is 3mm in diameter, a cylindrical Fresnel lens 12 and upper and lower mirrors 13, 14.
  • the lamp 11 is located behind the Fresnel lens 12, just within the lens's focal length.
  • the space between the lamp 11 and the Fresnel lens 12 is roofed and floored by the upper and lower mirrors 13, 14.
  • the switchable diffuser 2 comprises a liquid crystal gel between transparent electrodes. Changing the voltage across the gel switches it between diffusing and non-diffusing states.
  • the lenticular screen 3 comprises an array of parallel, side-by-side cylindrical lenses 3a. The curved faces of the lenticular screen 3 are on the viewer side. The axes of the semi-cylindrical lenses are skewed relative to the top-bottom axis of the display, i.e. the pixel columns, to prevent the formation of perceptible vertical dark lines in 3D images.
  • the pitch of the sub-pixels of one view (as opposed to the between centres distance of adjacent sub-pixels) of the LCD panel 4 is 99 ⁇ m.
  • the intended viewing distance is 0.40m and the width of the display is 0.30m.
  • the distance d is 3.764mm
  • the pitch of the lenses of the lenticular screen 3 needs to be slightly larger than the aforementioned sub-pixel pitch of 99 ⁇ m.
  • the lens pitch pi is 0.4496mm instead of
  • Each of the sub-pixels 22a, ..., 22i is controlled to contribute to a different one of the nine views provided by the display.
  • Each sub-pixel 22a, ... , 22i receives light from only one lens 3a and each lens 3a directs light to a discrete set of nine adjacent pixels in each row of the LCD panel 4.
  • the slant of the lenses 3a relative to the pixel columns of the LCD panel 4 means that the set of sub-pixels illuminated by a given lens 3a will vary from row to row of the LCD panel 4.
  • each sub-pixel 22a, ..., 22i is a different actual pixel of a 2D image and the result of the scattering is that the LCD panel 4 is homogenously illuminated.
  • a second display according to the present invention is as described above except that a thin diffuser 25 is located between the lenticular screen 3 and the LCD panel 4. The thin diffuser 25 is placed at the focus of the lenses 3a of the lenticular screen 3.
  • the thin diffuser 25 is of a material that diffuses throughout its bulk, a thickness less than 25 ⁇ m is preferred.
  • the thin diffuser 25 could be formed by a material that scatters light at its surface only. In this case, the thickness is of no real importance. However, there is not need to have the material thicker than is necessary to achieve uniform scattering. The presence of the thin diffuser 25 increases the opening angle of the of the display, avoiding the need to increase the power of the lenses 3a, and reduces spatial modulation effects produced by the lenses 3a.
  • a third display comprises a backlight 1 , a switchable diffuser 2 in front of the backlight, a lenticular screen 3 in front of the diffuser 2 and an LCD (liquid crystal display) panel 4 in front of the lenticular screen 3.
  • the backlight 1 , the diffuser 2, the lenticular screen 3 and the LCD panel 4 are substantially coextensive and mutually plane parallel.
  • the LCD panel 4 is controlled by display control circuits (not shown).
  • the display control circuits darken and lighten pixels of the LCD panel 4 according to the image to be displayed and whether the display is being operated in 2D or 3D mode in a conventional manner.
  • the backlight 1 comprises a planar light source 51 and a mask 52 having a plurality of slits 53 aligned with respective lenses of the lenticular screen 3.
  • the light emanating from each slit 53 divergent.
  • the light source side of the mask 52 is reflective so that light that does not pass through the slits may be recycled rather than being absorbed by the mask. 52.
  • the switchable diffuser 3 in its non-diffusing state, the light 61 from each slits passes through only one lens 3a.
  • the light entering a lens 3a is directed through one of the sub-pixels 22a 22i of the
  • Each of the sub-pixels 22a, ... , 22i is controlled to contribute to a different one of the nine views provided by the display.
  • Each sub-pixel 22a, ..., 22i receives light from only one lens 3a and each lens 3a directs light to a discrete set of nine adjacent pixels in each row of the LCD panel 4.
  • the slant of the lenses 3a relative to the pixel columns of the LCD panel 4 means that the set of sub- pixels illuminated by a given lens 3a will vary from row to row of the LCD panel 4.
  • each sub-pixel 22a, ... , 22i is a different actual pixel of a 2D image and the result of the scattering is that the LCD panel 4 is homogenously illuminated.
  • a fourth display is the same as the third embodiment except that it has a thin diffuser like the second display.
  • a fifth display comprises a backlight 1 , a switchable diffuser 2 in front of the backlight, a lenticular screen 3 in front of the diffuser 2, a thin static diffuser 25 in front of the lenticular screen 3 and an LCD (liquid crystal display) panel 4 in front of the thin diffuser 25.
  • the backlight 1 comprises a light guide 71 which is configured to receive light from the side and emit it as a series of parallel stripes 72.
  • the stripes 72 are aligned with respective lenses of the lenticular screen 3.
  • the light in each stripe 72 is divergent in the plane normal to the stripes 72.
  • the plane face of the lenticular screen 3 is directed towards the LCD panel 4 rather than towards the light source 1 as in the embodiments described above.
  • the stripes 72 and the lenses of the lenticular screen 3 are slanted relative to the columns of the LCD panel 4.
  • the backlight 1 , the switchable diffuser 2, the lenticular screen 3, the thin diffuser 25 and the LCD panel 4 are substantially coextensive and mutually plane parallel.
  • the LCD panel 4 is controlled by display control circuits (not shown).
  • the display control circuits darken and lighten pixels of the LCD panel 4 according to the image to be displayed and whether the display is being operated in 2D or 3D mode in a conventional manner.
  • the lenticular screen 3 is located relative to the light source 1 such that there is a magnification factor of 1.
  • each stripe 72 is sufficiently divergent that it passes through only three lenses 3a, 3b, 3c, the lens 3b directly in front and those 3a, 3c on either side thereof Considering now the light of a third stripe 72-3, which is the middle stripe of the first to fifth stripes 72-1 , ..., 72-5 shown in Figure 10.
  • the central portion 75 of the light of the third stripe 72-3 is focused at a point with the thin diffuser 25 in line with the stripe 72-3 by the lens 3b immediately in front of the third stripe 72-3.
  • a first side portion 76 of the light of the third stripe 72-3 is incident on a first immediately adjacent lens 3a which is in front of the second stripe 72-3.
  • the first side portion 76 is focused by the first immediately adjacent lens 3a at a point in the thin diffuser 25 directly in front of the first stripe 72-1.
  • the first side portion 76 is focused at the same point at the central portion 77 of the light of the first stripe 72-1.
  • a second side portion 78 of the light of the third stripe 72-3 is incident on a second immediately adjacent lens 3c which is in front of the fourth stripe 72-4.
  • the second side portion 78 is focused by the fourth immediately adjacent lens 3c at a point in the thin diffuser 25 directly in front of the fifth stripe 72-5.
  • the light through the peripheral sub-pixels of a pixel may comprise light from the stripe 72 immediately behind the pixel and light from the next but one stripe 72 on one or other side of the stripe immediately behind. Pixels may be illuminated from more than one direction. However, only one direction is within the normal viewing angle and light passing through sub-pixels at very wide angles can be ignored.
  • the slant of the lenses 3a relative to the pixel columns of the LCD panel 4 means that the set of sub-pixels illuminated by a given lens 3a will vary from row to row of the LCD panel 4.
  • the switchable diffuser 2 in its diffusing state the pattern of images of stripes at the thin diffuser 25 breaks down and the directionality of the illumination of the sub-pixels is lost.
  • the present invention may be embodied in other ways. For example, alternative collimators and controllable diffusers may be employed. Furthermore, the switchable diffuser may be locally controllable so that mixed 2D/3D images can be displayed. Also, a parabolic mirror may be placed behind the light source to increase the efficiency of the backlight. Other lenticular screen arrangement can be used.
  • the curved faces may be directed backwards and the lenses may be aspherical.
  • the first to fourth embodiments may be modified so that the plane faces of their lenticular screens are directed towards the LCD panel rather than the light source.
  • the fifth embodiment may be modified so that the plane faces of the lenticular screen is directed towards the light source.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)

Abstract

Affichage 2D/3D commutable comportant un rétro-éclairage (1), un diffuseur commutable (2) situé à l'avant du rétro-éclairage (1), un écran lenticulaire (3) placé devant le diffuseur (2) et un panneau d'affichage à cristaux liquides situé devant l'écran lenticulaire (3). L'affichage passe en mode 2D par commutation du diffuseur (2) à l'état de diffusion. Lorsque le diffuseur (2) n'est pas dans cet état de diffusion, l'affichage fonctionne en mode 3D.
PCT/IB2004/002570 2003-07-31 2004-07-22 Affichage 2d/3d commutable Ceased WO2005011292A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0317907.4 2003-07-31
GBGB0317907.4A GB0317907D0 (en) 2003-07-31 2003-07-31 Switchable 2D/3D display

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005011292A1 true WO2005011292A1 (fr) 2005-02-03

Family

ID=27799527

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2004/002570 Ceased WO2005011292A1 (fr) 2003-07-31 2004-07-22 Affichage 2d/3d commutable

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB0317907D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005011292A1 (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2424717A (en) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-04 Arisawa Seisakusho Kk Image displaying apparatus
NL1032079C (nl) * 2005-07-26 2010-05-06 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 3d-beeldweergaveapparaat dat gebruik maakt van integrale imaging technologie.
CN102026014A (zh) * 2011-01-13 2011-04-20 福州华映视讯有限公司 可切换2d/3d模式的显示系统及其显示方法
EP2374791A1 (fr) 2008-08-14 2011-10-12 Bayer CropScience Aktiengesellschaft 4-Phényle-1H-pyrazoles insecticides
CN102566110A (zh) * 2010-12-13 2012-07-11 财团法人工业技术研究院 具维度切换功能的显示器
CN104254785A (zh) * 2012-03-01 2014-12-31 Iee国际电子工程股份公司 用于混合式三维成像器的主动照明的紧凑式激光源
WO2016111708A1 (fr) * 2015-01-10 2016-07-14 Leia Inc. Rétroéclairage d'affichage commutable de deux à trois dimensions (2d/3d), et dispositif électronique
EP3193206A3 (fr) * 2016-01-12 2017-10-25 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Appareil d'affichage d'image tridimensionnelle comprenant un filtre de couleurs diffractif
US10429687B2 (en) 2016-10-25 2019-10-01 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Directional backlight unit and three-dimensional image display apparatus having the same
WO2020263958A1 (fr) 2019-06-28 2020-12-30 Pcms Holdings, Inc. Procédé et système optique pour dispositifs d'affichage de champ lumineux basés sur des diffuseurs à cristaux liquides (lc) accordables
WO2021041329A1 (fr) 2019-08-30 2021-03-04 Pcms Holdings, Inc. Création d'un afficheur multivue 3d à flambage de couche optique élastique
WO2021076424A1 (fr) 2019-10-15 2021-04-22 Pcms Holdings, Inc. Procédé de projection d'une image virtuelle étendue avec un dispositif d'affichage à faible champ lumineux
US11991343B2 (en) 2019-06-07 2024-05-21 Interdigital Madison Patent Holdings, Sas Optical method and system for light field displays based on distributed apertures

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5349379A (en) * 1992-09-09 1994-09-20 Dimension Technologies Inc. Autostereoscopic display illumination system allowing viewing zones to follow the observer's head
EP0631170A2 (fr) * 1993-06-24 1994-12-28 International Business Machines Corporation Système d'éclairage par l'arrière pour affichage transmissif
US6157424A (en) * 1998-03-30 2000-12-05 Dimension Technologies, Inc. 2D/3D imaging display
US20030011884A1 (en) * 2001-07-11 2003-01-16 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Colour autostereoscopic display apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5349379A (en) * 1992-09-09 1994-09-20 Dimension Technologies Inc. Autostereoscopic display illumination system allowing viewing zones to follow the observer's head
EP0631170A2 (fr) * 1993-06-24 1994-12-28 International Business Machines Corporation Système d'éclairage par l'arrière pour affichage transmissif
US6157424A (en) * 1998-03-30 2000-12-05 Dimension Technologies, Inc. 2D/3D imaging display
US20030011884A1 (en) * 2001-07-11 2003-01-16 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Colour autostereoscopic display apparatus

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2424717A (en) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-04 Arisawa Seisakusho Kk Image displaying apparatus
NL1032079C (nl) * 2005-07-26 2010-05-06 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 3d-beeldweergaveapparaat dat gebruik maakt van integrale imaging technologie.
EP2374791A1 (fr) 2008-08-14 2011-10-12 Bayer CropScience Aktiengesellschaft 4-Phényle-1H-pyrazoles insecticides
CN102566110A (zh) * 2010-12-13 2012-07-11 财团法人工业技术研究院 具维度切换功能的显示器
CN102026014A (zh) * 2011-01-13 2011-04-20 福州华映视讯有限公司 可切换2d/3d模式的显示系统及其显示方法
CN104254785B (zh) * 2012-03-01 2016-08-24 Iee国际电子工程股份公司 用于混合式三维成像器的主动照明的紧凑式激光源
CN104254785A (zh) * 2012-03-01 2014-12-31 Iee国际电子工程股份公司 用于混合式三维成像器的主动照明的紧凑式激光源
US9318877B2 (en) 2012-03-01 2016-04-19 Iee International Electronics & Engineering S.A. Compact laser source for active illumination for hybrid three-dimensional imagers
US10852560B2 (en) 2015-01-10 2020-12-01 Leia Inc. Two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) switchable display backlight and electronic display
WO2016111708A1 (fr) * 2015-01-10 2016-07-14 Leia Inc. Rétroéclairage d'affichage commutable de deux à trois dimensions (2d/3d), et dispositif électronique
EP3193206A3 (fr) * 2016-01-12 2017-10-25 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Appareil d'affichage d'image tridimensionnelle comprenant un filtre de couleurs diffractif
US10712603B2 (en) 2016-01-12 2020-07-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Three-dimensional image display apparatus including diffractive color filter
US10429687B2 (en) 2016-10-25 2019-10-01 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Directional backlight unit and three-dimensional image display apparatus having the same
US11991343B2 (en) 2019-06-07 2024-05-21 Interdigital Madison Patent Holdings, Sas Optical method and system for light field displays based on distributed apertures
WO2020263958A1 (fr) 2019-06-28 2020-12-30 Pcms Holdings, Inc. Procédé et système optique pour dispositifs d'affichage de champ lumineux basés sur des diffuseurs à cristaux liquides (lc) accordables
US11917121B2 (en) 2019-06-28 2024-02-27 Interdigital Madison Patent Holdings, Sas Optical method and system for light field (LF) displays based on tunable liquid crystal (LC) diffusers
US12395617B2 (en) 2019-06-28 2025-08-19 Interdigital Madison Patent Holdings, Sas Optical method and system for light field (LF) displays based on tunable liquid crystal (LC) diffusers
WO2021041329A1 (fr) 2019-08-30 2021-03-04 Pcms Holdings, Inc. Création d'un afficheur multivue 3d à flambage de couche optique élastique
WO2021076424A1 (fr) 2019-10-15 2021-04-22 Pcms Holdings, Inc. Procédé de projection d'une image virtuelle étendue avec un dispositif d'affichage à faible champ lumineux

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