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WO2005007921A1 - Procede de projection au plasma et dispositif correspondant - Google Patents

Procede de projection au plasma et dispositif correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005007921A1
WO2005007921A1 PCT/DE2004/001217 DE2004001217W WO2005007921A1 WO 2005007921 A1 WO2005007921 A1 WO 2005007921A1 DE 2004001217 W DE2004001217 W DE 2004001217W WO 2005007921 A1 WO2005007921 A1 WO 2005007921A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plasma
powder
substrate
jet
particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2004/001217
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jens-Erich DÖRING
Roberto Siegert
Robert Vassen
Detlev STÖVER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Priority to EP04738669A priority Critical patent/EP1644548A1/fr
Publication of WO2005007921A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005007921A1/fr
Priority to NO20056180A priority patent/NO20056180L/no
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/16—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling the spray area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
    • B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
    • B05B7/226—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material being originally a particulate material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for plasma spraying, in particular a method for suspension plasma spraying, and a device suitable therefor.
  • Plasma spraying has gained the greatest importance for the production of surface spray coatings with specific properties from all thermal spray processes.
  • the process uses a gas-stabilized arc with a high energy density that burns on a centrically arranged, water-cooled copper anode in a nozzle.
  • This heats an inert gas stream to very high temperatures via ionization and recombination reactions.
  • the inert gas stream comprises, for example, a mixture of argon, helium, nitrogen or hydrogen.
  • the added plasma gas ionizes to the plasma and leaves the burning nozzle at high speeds of around 300-700 m / s and at temperatures from 15000 to 20,000 K.
  • a powdered coating material is introduced into this high-energy plasma jet by means of a carrier gas via feed channels. There it is melted and hurled onto the substrate at high speed.
  • all materials and material mixtures that do not sublimate and do not decompose thermally are suitable for coating. These include in particular metals, metal alloys, MCrAlY powder (metal-chromium-aluminum-yttrium), iron-based powder, ceramic powder, carbide-based powder, hydroxylapathite powder and powder for running-in layers.
  • the coating material is generally used with a grain size distribution between 22 ⁇ 5 ⁇ m and 125 ⁇ 45 ⁇ m.
  • suspension plasma spraying SPS
  • a suspension with small particles ( ⁇ 10 ⁇ m) or very small particles ( ⁇ 100 nm) is introduced radially into the plasma arc.
  • the introduction of the suspension into the arc takes place via an atomizing nozzle with a pressurized gas, for. B. compressed air, nitrogen or argon.
  • a pressurized gas for. B. compressed air, nitrogen or argon.
  • the suspension is atomized into very fine droplets. Due to the plasma discharge, the suspension solution suddenly evaporates and the small solid particles are aggregated into partially or completely melted drops, accelerated and impact the substrate to form a layer there.
  • Suspension plasma spraying can advantageously be used for coatings of both ceramic and metallic materials, very fine, dense spherical particles being used in each case.
  • the very fine particles used can be protected against decomposition, evaporation in plasma or, in the case of pure metals, against oxidation by being surrounded by a fine film of liquid.
  • the suspension can be chosen such that a chemical reaction between the suspension liquid and the particles only takes place in the plasma. It is also possible to use precursors that decompose in contact with the plasma. This makes it possible to synthesize an advantageous ceramic or a composite material directly in the plasma.
  • HA Ca X o (P0 4 ) e (OH) 2
  • SPS suspension plasma spray process
  • Is bone and can be applied, for example, to an oxide ceramic using this method.
  • SPS suspension plasma spraying process
  • the general advantage of the suspension plasma spraying process (SPS) over conventional powder processes lies in the simplicity of the process, in which the coating material is atomized, dried, melted and attached to the corresponding one step
  • a disadvantage of this method is the overspray that generally occurs.
  • “Overspray” means the proportion of the coating material in the particle beam that leaves the area of the heat source - and thus the particle beam - laterally prematurely or does not even reach it premature cooling of the coating material (sprayed material)
  • these particles either do not even get onto the substrate to be coated (scrap) or they are incorporated into the layer to a not inconsiderable extent.
  • the layer components formed by overspray regularly lead to an inhomogeneous layer structure, which results in increased porosity. As a result, these layers disadvantageously have a reduced adhesive strength and thus a lower mechani stability.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a coating method in which the advantages of suspension plasma spraying can be used, but the disadvantages are significantly reduced by the overspray which is known from the prior art. Furthermore, it is the object of the invention to provide a device with which this method can be carried out.
  • Overspray in a plasma spray process can be significantly reduced or even prevented.
  • the new method regularly prevents the particles that diverge from the plasma jet from either not contributing to the coating or from contributing to a poor coating.
  • at least one agent is used which has the effect that the trajectory of the particles diverging from the plasma jet (overspray) is changed in such a way that these particles are either directed back into the plasma jet and / or are derived to such an extent that they no longer strike the substrate to be coated.
  • the divergent particles are masked out from the plasma particle beam.
  • a nozzle attachment in the form of an orifice is advantageously introduced into the particle steel in such a way that the axis of the orifice and the particle beam form a line.
  • the diaphragm is arranged between the nozzle opening of the plasma torch and the substrate to be coated.
  • the aperture corresponds at least to the diameter of the nozzle or the diameter of the initial plasma particle beam. This usually has a diameter of 6 to 10 mm.
  • the aperture should not exceed twice the nozzle diameter.
  • the distance between the diaphragm and the plasma nozzle can be variably adjusted within a certain range. It is possible to arrange the orifice directly at the nozzle opening or at a distance, the distance not to exceed the length of the plasma free steel.
  • An advantageous distance is, for example, between 5 and 30 mm from the nozzle opening.
  • the injection device is preferably integrated in the orifice.
  • the outer dimensions of the screen are advantageously between 40 and 90 mm. However, they can be more than 120 mm, in particular for the function of the blanking.
  • the length of the screen depends on the geometry of the screen. It is regularly between 10 and 70 mm, in particular between 15 and 40 mm. It has been found that the length of the plasma free steel is advantageously increased by using an aperture.
  • high-melting materials such as graphite or stainless steel, have proven to be suitable materials for the screen.
  • the embodiment in the form of a nozzle attachment can be made in one piece or in several pieces.
  • a possible embodiment provides, for example, a two-part design.
  • Various aperture inserts with different geometries made of graphite, tungsten, boron carbide or also TZM, MHC, SiC, CFC, SiC / SiC and others are arranged in an outer aperture ring with or without cooling.
  • the advantage lies in the fixed arrangement of the outer aperture ring in relation to the plasma torch.
  • the insert (cover) can be changed in a simple manner without having to readjust the entire arrangement.
  • a water-cooled aperture ring is introduced into the particle beam, in the middle of which different inserts (apertures) close to the axis can be arranged.
  • the axes of the orifice and the burner form a line.
  • the distance between the orifice and the burner and the orifice opening are adjusted according to the performance of the burner.
  • a variable spacing system using guide rods allows the spacing of the orifice system from the burner nozzle to be additionally adapted to the aerodynamic conditions.
  • the distance between the burner nozzle and the orifice can be changed during the experiment using actuators to achieve gradations in the microstructure.
  • particles with a trajectory remote from the axis are masked out of the jet cone of the sprayed material in order to set well-defined particle properties.
  • a tubular bushing is inserted into the aperture ring, which does not have a convergent, focusing geometry, but rather has a separating function, so that particles that do not fly through the opening are hidden on the aperture ring.
  • the baffle of the orifice ring should be aerodynamically adapted to the flow field of the burner, so that no reflection of particles at the orifice can take place back into the particle beam.
  • those particles which diverge from the plasma free jet but do not move too far away from it are reflected back into the plasma free jet through a funnel-shaped opening in the socket. In this way, these particles are returned to the particle beam.
  • the configuration can take on both a single and a double funnel shape.
  • a U-profile is adapted to the holder of a Sulzer Metco F4VB plasma torch as a holder for guide rods.
  • the aperture ring is attached to these guide rods at a defined distance in the range of 30 - 50 mm from the burner opening.
  • the bezel ring will consist of a solid copper ring, which should have an internal thread in the middle, so that different inside diameters can be achieved simply by replacing the screwed-in bush (bezel).
  • the dimensions of the socket are in the order of magnitude of the nozzle opening of the burner (6 - 10 mm).
  • the bushing can be made from wear-resistant materials such as tungsten and boron carbide.
  • the aperture ring is cooled by an internal or external cooling coil that is connected to a 600 kPa water cooling circuit is connected. During the coating process, the entire structure is moved over the component so that the overspray can be permanently hidden.
  • FIG. 1 shows the dependency of the speed (triangles) and the temperature (squares) of the particles in the plasma jet as a function of the distance of the particles from the plasma nozzle.
  • An undisturbed plasma jet shows a clear decrease in the temperature and the speed of the particles with increasing distance from the nozzle.
  • the temperatures drop from over 6000 K to approx. 4000 K at a distance of 50 mm and to just under 3500 K at a distance of approx. 60 mm.
  • the filled symbols indicate the temperature and the speed of particles that have flown through an aperture or a nozzle attachment.
  • Distance of the nozzle attachment from the nozzle 30 mm
  • length of the nozzle attachment 50 mm
  • inlet panel 30 mm
  • outlet cross section 10 mm
  • taper angle 13 °.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows some selected, particularly suitable, embodiments of a nozzle attachment (orifice) as a means of preventing overspray.
  • the above-mentioned screen geometries are only representative of a large number of options.
  • all further screens and arrangements are included which have the same mode of operation as the aforementioned screens.
  • the mode of action includes the masking of overspray particles and / or the returning of overspray particles to the plasma jet.
  • the integrated injection arrangement can be selected independently of the chosen geometry of the orifice.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour appliquer une poudre sur un substrat au moyen d'un procédé de projection thermique. Selon ce procédé, la poudre est introduite dans un jet de plasma et est appliquée sur le substrat à l'aide du plasma. Selon cette invention, au moins une partie de la poudre qui diverge du jet de plasma est déviée du substrat et/ou reconduite dans le jet de plasma au moyen d'un système. La présente invention concerne également un dispositif permettant de mettre en oeuvre ledit procédé et conçu pour dévier et/ou focaliser une partie d'un jet de poudre. Ce dispositif comprend un système conçu pour dévier et/ou focaliser des particules, qui présente la forme d'un cylindre creux et qui comprend du graphite et/ou de l'acier spécial. Ce système présente un diamètre interne minimal situé entre 5 et 30 mm, notamment entre 10 et 20 mm, et une longueur située entre 5 et 80 mm, notamment entre 10 et 50 mm. La surface intérieure et/ou extérieure de ce système présente une géométrie qui est courbée de façon à pouvoir dévier et/ou focaliser des particules de poudre qui divergent d'un jet de poudre introduit.
PCT/DE2004/001217 2003-07-12 2004-06-11 Procede de projection au plasma et dispositif correspondant Ceased WO2005007921A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04738669A EP1644548A1 (fr) 2003-07-12 2004-06-11 Procede de projection au plasma et dispositif correspondant
NO20056180A NO20056180L (no) 2003-07-12 2005-12-23 Plasmasproytingsmetode og dertil egnet apparat

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10331664.7 2003-07-12
DE10331664A DE10331664B4 (de) 2003-07-12 2003-07-12 Verfahren zum Plasmaspritzen sowie dazu geeignete Vorrichtung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005007921A1 true WO2005007921A1 (fr) 2005-01-27

Family

ID=33560087

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2004/001217 Ceased WO2005007921A1 (fr) 2003-07-12 2004-06-11 Procede de projection au plasma et dispositif correspondant

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1644548A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10331664B4 (fr)
NO (1) NO20056180L (fr)
WO (1) WO2005007921A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5811057A (ja) * 1981-07-13 1983-01-21 Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd 溶射装置
JPS61210169A (ja) * 1985-03-14 1986-09-18 Ryoichi Kasagi 噴射火炎気流を強化した粉体の溶射方法
US4741286A (en) * 1985-05-13 1988-05-03 Onoda Cement Company, Ltd. Single torch-type plasma spray coating method and apparatus therefor
EP0413296A1 (fr) * 1989-08-17 1991-02-20 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour la protection thermique de matériaux supraconducteurs céramiques oxydés
GB2281488A (en) * 1993-08-21 1995-03-01 Plasma Technik Ltd Improvements in or relating to thermal spraying
WO2002005969A2 (fr) * 2000-07-19 2002-01-24 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Appareil et procede de synthese de films et de revetements au moyen d'un depot par faisceau de particules focalise

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3012515A1 (de) * 1980-03-31 1981-10-08 Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická Praha, Praha Spritzauftragmaterial fuer glut- oder plasmaspritzen und verfahren zur herstellung desselben
AT404905B (de) * 1990-08-03 1999-03-25 Andritz Ag Maschf Anlage zum aufbringen einer spritzschicht auf eine ebene oder gekrümmte fläche eines werkstückes

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5811057A (ja) * 1981-07-13 1983-01-21 Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd 溶射装置
JPS61210169A (ja) * 1985-03-14 1986-09-18 Ryoichi Kasagi 噴射火炎気流を強化した粉体の溶射方法
US4741286A (en) * 1985-05-13 1988-05-03 Onoda Cement Company, Ltd. Single torch-type plasma spray coating method and apparatus therefor
EP0413296A1 (fr) * 1989-08-17 1991-02-20 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour la protection thermique de matériaux supraconducteurs céramiques oxydés
GB2281488A (en) * 1993-08-21 1995-03-01 Plasma Technik Ltd Improvements in or relating to thermal spraying
WO2002005969A2 (fr) * 2000-07-19 2002-01-24 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Appareil et procede de synthese de films et de revetements au moyen d'un depot par faisceau de particules focalise

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 0070, no. 83 (C - 160) 6 April 1983 (1983-04-06) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 0110, no. 47 (C - 403) 13 February 1987 (1987-02-13) *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20056180L (no) 2006-02-08
DE10331664B4 (de) 2006-11-02
EP1644548A1 (fr) 2006-04-12
DE10331664A1 (de) 2005-02-03

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