WO2005007975A1 - Fish pass - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fish pass which is used to overcome a dam level. Said fish pass comprises an upstream water inlet (2) and a downstream water outlet (3) and basins (4) arranged there between, one behind the other and on alternating sides, essentially in the downstream direction. Each basin is provided with at least one semi-circular shaped base surface (10), and a partially cylindrical shaped wall (6) and comprises an inflow slot and an outflow slot embodied as vertical throughflow slots (5), also comprising a partially cylindrical deviating pipe (23) which is used to form a meandering passage. Successive basins (4) are arranged against one another such that the base surfaces (10) overlap and one end of the partially cylindrical wall (6) of the basin (4) comprising a deviation pipe (23) is close to a tangential transition of the walls (6) of two opposite basins (4) and embodied as a throughflow slot (5).

Description

fishway

The invention relates to a fishway for overcoming a dammed-up height with an upper-side water inlet and a lower-side water drain and intervening, in a succession in a succession mutually arranged basin each having at least semicircular base and teilzylindrischer wall, each having an inflow slot and a drain slot have as vertical flow slots, each with a part-cylindrical deflection tube to form a maanderformigen passage.

Fish passages, especially fish ladders and fish passages, are used by hiking salmon mon- idents and small biocoenoses to cross transversal structures, such as weirs and dams, thus restoring the navigability of water bodies.

Such fish ladders are known from the patent DE 19622 096. However, the flow conditions achieved with the arrangement described there are not yet optimal and the systems also require a relatively large amount of space. Also, no possibility is described in the patent to adjust the flow rate through the fish ladder.

Other known fish ladders are built in steps and create turbulent currents that lead to disorientation of the fish. They do not allow the migration of microorganisms that can not climb the steps. Also, these fish ladders have sharp-edged stones and baffles that cause injury to the fish. Furthermore, so far only very inadequate fish passes are known to make the larger storage heights, eg at a dam wall of a reservoir, surmountable for fish. Such a fish pass is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,962,876, which produces unfavorable flow conditions and has no rest zones for the ascending fish. Also, it is not shown how the fish pass works at different water levels.

It is an object of the invention to disclose a fish pass that avoids the disadvantages of known fish ladders and in particular the fish physiological requirements agreed with the hydraulic requirements. Furthermore, a device is to be shown, which allows the fish and the overcoming of large storage heights.

This object is achieved in that the successively mutually arranged cymbals are placed in such a way that overlap the bases and one end of the part-cylindrical wall of a basin with a substantially vertical deflecting a tangential transition of the walls of two opposing pelvis as flow passage is close.

The second part of the object is achieved in that the basins are arranged helically in a tower.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Particularly favorable flow conditions result from the meshing of cylindrical tanks. It forms a low-turbulence S-shaped flow through the flow slots and the meandering pool. In the case of the flow-through slots, the round shape of the deflection tube faces a smooth tangential transition of two part-cylindrical basin walls. Through the round and smooth Walls without edges form no demolition vertebrae, which could disorient the fish.

The flow is built up vertically-centrifugally and formed by the smooth, round walls fish friendly. It decreases in intensity to the center of the round basin uniformly concentric. This stream corresponds in a special way to the physiology of fish in their entire species and size spectrum. The highest flow velocity is formed at the pelvic wall, while in the middle of each pelvis a calm zone is created, which can serve as a rest for the fish. The resulting flow, which continues through the entire fishway, also prevents the settling of suspended matter and fine sediments. Therefore, no anaerobic digestion processes take place in the fish pass and maintenance of the plant is minimized.

A particularly compact design results from the choice of a base of a pool of about a two-thirds circle. In the opening of the width of a third each two opposite basin protrude with their similar opening into it, thereby forming two flow slots, which are limited by deflection tubes. This design is suitable for a fall between 18% and 30%.

For falls between 10% and 18%, a narrower arrangement of pools is suitable. These basins have a base bounded on one side by a wall in J-shape and on the other side in S-shape. At the ends of the walls in each case a flow slot with deflection tubes is arranged.

For slopes below 10%, a semi-meander shape of the pools in a U-shaped trough is suitable. In this embodiment, the flow-forming walls are formed by combinations of quarter circular shells, which are mounted offset from one another on the sides of the trough. In such a Halbmäanderform is conveniently incorporated in the middle of the trough a continuous, straight depression in the sole, which serves as a benthos corridor and small animals facilitates the rise.

Advantageously, the deflection tubes are also used to adjust the width of the flow-through slots. For this purpose, the deflection tubes are attached to an arcuate wall part and screwed by means of slots slidably on the parallel wall of the following basin. The width of a flow slot is set according to the expected largest species of fish and the amount of water available. It should only flow through as much water as is absolutely necessary for the fish ascent. As much water as possible should be available for a parallel hydropower plant.

Advantageously, a triangular flow wedge is mounted opposite the deflection tube. By this flow wedge, the flow-through slot is tapered down V-shaped and it forms a homogeneous shell-shaped flow, which runs in the current line parallel to the ramp slope of the bottom plate.

A fine adjustment of the flow rate through a flow-through slot is achieved by adjusting the inclination of the deflection tubes. For this purpose, the deflection tubes are slotted and hinged at the bottom with the arcuate wall part. The head of the deflection tube is internally provided with an eccentric, with which the distance to the wall part and thus the slope of the deflection tube is adjusted. The deflection tube is fixed with floating cement.

The walls for the pools can be prefabricated if they are made of fiberglass-reinforced plastic. Even with wall thicknesses of 2 cm to 4 cm, this material possesses the strength required for the flow forces that occur. They are cut out of a ring of the appropriate size and thickness. Such preffered The walls can then be easily assembled on the construction site to form a fish pass.

The sole of the fishway is advantageously designed as a reinforced concrete slab on which a rough screed is applied, which simultaneously fixes the pelvic segments.

In order to enable all types of animals, including invertebrates, to ascend through the fish pass, a claw mat and a woven fabric (benthos mat) are applied to the screed. This mat covers a continuous shaft corridor in the screed area of about 8 - 15 cm deep and about 30 cm wide, which is filled with coarse gravel. This benthos mat is attached with stones that are screwed into the foundation. The stains, as well as the matting threads, have a smooth surface so as not to damage fish. Due to the flow calming in the bottom area, the residence time of the groundbreaking fragrances is extended.

The swim-in delta in the underwater of the fishway is designed so that the lockflow from the lowest basin runs far along a vertical wall of 3 to 7 meters in length, which extends obliquely into the current. This, through the targeted distribution of perfumed in the flow of sympathetic fragrances well-pronounced finding element ensures the adoption of the fish pass, especially as this flow is clearly offset in their laminar quality of the disorienting flow from a turbine plant.

The entry channel to the fishway in the upper water is conveniently located in the immediate vicinity of the dam, without the fish get into the maelstrom of a turbine or an open defense field. The inflowing flow is then found by down-migrating fish.

The fishway intake is as close as possible to the foot of the hiking obstacle, especially at the foot of a fine computer arranged power plant. The inlet flow into the fishway must be more concentrated and, in terms of intensity, also slightly larger than the turbine inlet flow upstream of the rake. So the fish pass also works for the fish descent.

The entry channel leads to the topmost meandering basin. Here are conveniently two Reusenkehlen arranged to check the function of the fish pass for ascending and descending fish. To protect the entry channel a vertical half-shell is advantageous before him attached, which is open near the Sol. This prevents the entry of Geschwemmsel and attachment in the entry channel, but allows the fish and benthones access to the fish pass.

A larger dam height is overcome with a fish pass, if the meanders are not arranged on a linear gradient, as described so far, but in a helix in a tower. In one embodiment, this helix assumes the shape of a staircase in a rectangular shape, the staircase elements of which are formed from several basins of a linear fish pass. After a half or full turn of the coil, optional pedestal basins without a trap are provided, in which the fish can rest. With such a spiral can be overcome almost any level of storage.

In an alternative embodiment, the helix is round and the

Basins are arranged in a circle. A helix is formed, for example, eight pools. Also with this form optional horizontal pedestal basins are provided.

In the case of the round embodiment of a helix, it is advantageous to adjust the width of the flow-through slots via pivotable deflection tubes, which are articulated at the ends of the circle segments Pool wall are attached. The width of the passage can be varied by the thickness of the deflection tube.

Since the upper water can have strongly fluctuating water levels, collectors (so-called collection gallery) are arranged in the water-side tower at different heights of the helix of the tower, which lead to the shore area of the respective water levels. In each case, the collectors are closed by an automatically operating valve, which are currently not used. Only the collector, the first under the current water level, is open.

To the lowest basin of the tower, an outlet channel is connected, which leads into the underwater and, as described above, forms a lock flow on a baffle. Alternatively, a linear fish pass, as described above, is connected to the discharge channel.

In a dam with changing upper water level, it is convenient to divide the coil on two towers. There is a tower on the side of the upper water (water side) and a tower on the side of the underwater (air side). Both towers are connected by a tunnel which is at a level below the lowest level of the upper water. The fish begin their ascent in the tower near the underwater, cross the tunnel against the current and continue their ascent in the upstream tower. The descent is in the opposite direction. The tunnel can be guided around the abutment of a heavy weight or arch wall when retrofitted.

The tower on the water side can be omitted if from the confluence of the river in the reservoir along the shore to the dam a bypass water is created, which leads into the inlet channel of the underwater tower. The helix in the tower then owns the height of the maximum damming height. The bypass water is a "footpath" for fish along the reservoir, which also benefits the micro-organisms, especially in this arrangement, the river continuum is not interrupted by the lake area.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described by way of example in the figures.

FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the pelvis FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the pelvis FIG. 4 shows a section to FIG. 3 FIG. 5 shows a side section through a fishway FIG shows a side view of a Turmfisch pass

Fig. 7 shows a helix of a Turmfischpasses in plan view

Fig. 8 shows an alternative embodiment of the helix

FIG. 9 shows a detail of FIG. 8. FIG

Fig. 10 shows an arrangement of Turmfischpässen at a dam wall Fig. 11 shows a Turmfischpass at a dam with bypass trench Fig. 12 shows a section through an embankment with two Turmfischpässen

In Fig. 1, a fish pass 1 with the water inlet 2 and the water outlet 3 is shown. The inlet channel 61 is secured by a half-shell 62 against flooding. In the Kontrollreuse 60 the effectiveness of the fish pass can be checked. The water flows through a series of tanks 4, which are connected to each other by a passage slot 5. The basins 4 have a base area 10 of about a two-thirds circle. Via the flow-through slots 5 and the cylindrical tank walls 6, a homogeneous flow S is formed, which flows into the flow passage. slits 5 and at the pelvic walls 6 is strongest. The flow rate of water is determined by the width of the flow slots 5, which is adjusted via the deflection tubes 23 and the flow wedges 71. In this case, each deflecting tube 23 on the adjustment wall 70 slidably.

At the bottom of the basin 4, a guide wall 39 is added, which projects obliquely into the water outlet 3. At the baffle 39, a lock flow is formed, which allows the fish to find the entry into the fishway, especially as this flow clearly settles in its laminar quality of the disorienting flow from a turbine plant.

The enclosure of the fishway is constructed in a stepped manner, wherein in each case at the center of a basin 4, a step is attached.

In Fig. 2, an alternative embodiment of the basin 4 is shown for a fish pass 1, through which the water flows from the water inlet 2 to the water outlet 3. The base 10 of the basin 4 is bounded by a J-shaped side wall 6a and an S-shaped side wall 6b. At the ends of the side walls are the deflection tubes 23 and the flow wedges 71, which form the flow slots 5. Also in this form, a homogeneous flow S forms along the side walls 6a, 6b. In the middle of the pool 4 is a rest area.

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the fish pass in a trough 83, are placed on the side walls 6 of quarter-circular shells forming the pool 4 with a mutual flow S. The flow slots 5 are formed by the deflection tubes 23, the width of which is adjusted by the slide 24. The main flow opposite side of the basin 4 is formed as a slope 84, which is a rest zone. 4, a cross section through the trough 83 in the earth E is shown. The basins are limited by the walls 6 and each have a flow-through slot 5, which is formed by the deflection tubes 23. In front of the flow-through slot 5, the upper water level WH1 is formed, behind it the lower water level WH2. In the middle of the trough 83, the benthic corridor 42 is in a depression. On the bottom of the basin, the benthic mat 81 with the sturgeons 82 is attached. On the low-flow side, the slope 84 is located.

FIG. 5 shows a section through three meandering basins MB of a fishway according to FIG. 1 approximately along the center line. The fish pass rests on a reinforced concrete floor 42 on which a rough screed 80 is applied. A benthic mat 81 is made of tangled fabric and serves microbes as a hold. The benthos mat is fastened with pegs that are bolted to the reinforced concrete floor 42. The Mäanderbecken MB are placed offset on the sole. The pool walls 6 grasp the respective pool MB. The transition between the basins MB form the flow slots 5, at which an upper water level WH1 and a lower water level WH2 form. The flow rate through the flow-through slot 5 is determined by the deflection tubes 23 and the flow wedges 71. The width of the flow slot 5 is adjustable in each case over the wall segment 70.

In Fig. 6 is a side view of a Turmfischpasses 90 is shown.

This stands on the foundation 96 in the backwater. The WS1 level indicates the maximum damming height and WS2 the minimum damming height. The current damming height is designated WS. In the tower, the stair elements 91 are placed one above the other helically. Between the stair elements 91 are the

Pedestal 92, which can serve as a rest zone for the fish. At the pedestal basin are the ball valves 93, 94, which release the access at different water levels or close. The top, Under the current water level WS located ball valve 93 is open and gives access to the stair elements free. The underlying valves 94 are closed. Access to the tunnel 95 with the water outlet 3 is also released. Through the tunnel 95 the fish get into the Turmfischpass and leave it at the upper valve 93 according to the water level WS again. This valve also forms the water inlet 2 for the fish pass. In the middle of the Turmfischpasses 90 is the inspection passage 97 in the form of a staircase through which the tower can be controlled and maintained.

In Fig. 7, the stair elements 91 of a rectangular Turmfischpasses 90 are shown, which are constructed like a fishway of Fig. 1. Between the stair elements 91 are the pedestal basins 92, each forming a quiet zone. To each level leads a collector 63, 64, which is closed by a respective ball valve 93, 94. Only at the level below the current water level, the ball valve 94 is open. In the middle of the tower 90 is the control area 97 with staircase and railing.

In Fig. 8, a round version of the tower 90 is shown with eight basins 4 in the coil. The round basin walls 6 are composed of half-circle and quarter-circle bowls, on which the flow S is formed. The inlet takes place via the collectors 63, 64, which can be closed by ball valves 93, 94. The amount of flowing water is determined by the deflection tubes 23 and the flow wedges 71. In the middle of the tower is the inspection passage 97 in the form of a spiral staircase.

In Fig. 9, the regulation of the amount of water through the flow-through slot 5 via the deflection tube 23 is shown in a detail. It is connected via the joint 27 with the wall 6 and can be compared to the Flow wedge 71 can be adjusted from the wide position 25 to the narrow position 26.

FIG. 10 schematically shows the overcoming of a dam wall 85 with a stowage 86 through two tower fish passages 90, one of which is on the side of the stow near the bank 38, desirably half in the ground and half in the water with respective collectors to the littoral area , and one located on the air side of the dam wall 85 on the slope 87. The two Turmfischpässe 90 are connected by a tunnel 95, which is located below the lowest water level WS2 and through the dam wall 85 leads. On the air side, the tunnel 95 can also be designed as a channel. At different water levels, the water passes through corresponding collectors 63, 64 in the first Turmfischpass 90. The outlet 35 of the second Turmfischpasses 90 can be connected by another fish pass 1 to the water drain 36. For a simple adaptation to different water levels of the drainage water 36 is possible and the second Turmfischpass 90 is dry on the slope 87th

In Fig. 11 an arrangement for overcoming a dam wall 85 is shown in which only one Turmfischpass 90 is needed. For this purpose, a connection trench 32 is provided, which connects the junction of a river in the reservoir with the Turmfischpass 90. Thus, the connection of the fish pass is given to the upper reaches of the river at all water levels of the reservoir. In such an arrangement, no tunnel through the dam wall is required. This makes it easier for small animals to overcome the damming height. The position of the Turmfischpasses 90 on the embankment and a possible completion of the water drain 35 through a normal fish pass 1 corresponds to the arrangement of FIG. 6.

In Fig. 12 the cross section through an embankment 87 at a dam, not shown here with two Turmfischpässen 90 is shown, wherein the one tower is in the storage area and the other is on the other side of the dam. The water-side tower is half in the ground and the other half in the backwater. The water level in the storage area can vary between heights WS1 and WS2. The collectors in the water 63, which lead to levels in the upper part of the tower 90, can be designed as open channels. The collectors 64 in the slope 87, which lead to levels in the lower part of the tower 90, are designed as a tunnel. The descending fish pass through the located below the current water level WS Ein- Ausschwimmöffnung 65 in the respective collector (collection gallery) 63, 64 and through the open ball valve 94 in the Turmfischpass 90. The valves 93 of the other collectors are closed.

The two Turmfischpässe 90 are connected by a tunnel 95 with each other. The further descent takes place in the air-side tower 90 and through the outlet channel 35 into another fish pass 1, which ends in the drainage area 36. The rise of the fish from the drainage area 36 into the storage area takes place in the opposite way.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Fish pass 70 Adjustment wall Water inlet 71 Flow wedge Water drainage 80 Screed basin 81 Benthonen mat Flow slit 82 Stones Wall 83 trough Base area, two-thirds 84 bevel Circular surface 85 Damming wall Two-thirds shell 86 Damming waste Deflecting tube 87 Slope Slide 90 Tower Position far 91 Stair element Position narrow 92 Pedestal joint Articulated ball valve, open Connection trench 94 Ball valve, closed Reservoir 95 Tunnel Outlet channel 96 Foundation Drainage area 97 Control corridor Shore E Soil Baffle F9 Detail in Fig. 9 Reinforced concrete base MB Meandering basin Benthon corridor S Flow Control waste WH1 Water level in upper basin Inlet channel WH2 Water level in lower basin Half shell WS water level reservoir collection gallery above WS1 highest water level in the reservoir collection gallery below WS2 lowest water level in the reservoir On / Ausschwimm

Claims

Protection claims 1. Fish pass to overcome a damming height with an upper-side water inlet (2) and a lower-side water outlet (3) and with intermediate basins (4), which are arranged alternately one behind the other in a downward direction, each with at least a semi-circular base area (10) and Partially cylindrical wall (6), each having an inflow slot and an outflow slot as vertical throughflow slots (5), each with a partially cylindrical deflection tube (23) to form a meandering passage, characterized in that the basins (4), which are arranged one behind the other, are placed one inside the other that the base areas (10) overlap and one end of the partially cylindrical wall (6) of a basin (4) with an essentially vertical deflection tube (23) a tangential transition of the walls (6) of two basins (4) opposite each other as a flow slot ( 5) is close. 2. Fish pass according to claim 1, characterized in that the base area (10) of a tank (4) corresponds approximately to a two-thirds circle. 3. Fish pass according to claim 1, characterized in that the pool (4) on one side by a wall (6a) in J-shape and on the other side by a wall in S-shape (6b) is limited. 4. Fish pass according to claim 1, characterized in that the basins (4) are arranged one after the other in a trough and the walls (6) are formed by opposing, assembled quarter-circle shells. 5. Fish pass according to claim 4, characterized in that in the middle of the trough a continuous, straight-line recess is formed as a benthic corridor. 6. fish pass according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the flow slots (5) by moving the deflecting tube (23) on the pool wall (6) is adjustable. 7. Fish pass according to claim 6, characterized in that a flow wedge (71) is arranged opposite the deflection tube. 8. fish pass according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the flow slots (5) is adjustable by adjusting the inclination of the deflecting tube (23). 9. Fish pass according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pool walls (6) are made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. 10. Fish passport according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sole of the fish passport is formed from a concrete foundation (42) with a screed (80) lying thereon. 11. Fish passport according to claim 11, characterized in that a benthic mat (81) and interference stones (82) are attached to the bottom of the basin (4) and form a benthic corridor. 12. Fish pass according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a straight vertical guide wall (39) of 3 to 7 meters in length from the drain slot (5) of the lowermost basin on a bank (38) running obliquely to the flow into the water drain (36) reaches into it. 13. Fish pass according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an entry channel (61) with a control trap (60) is provided on the upper water inlet (33). 14. Fish passport according to claim 13, characterized in that the entry channel (61) is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the dam (85). 15. Fish pass according to claim 14, characterized in that in front of the entry channel (61) a vertical half-shell (62) is attached, which is open near the bottom. 16. Fish pass according to claim 1, characterized in that the basins (4) are arranged helically in a tower (90). 17. Fish pass according to claim 16, characterized in that a helix is formed in each case rectangularly from two stair elements (91) straight fish passes and two pedestal pools (92). 18. Fish passport according to claim 16, characterized in that a helix is formed in each case round from several, preferably eight tanks. 19. Fish passport according to claim 18, characterized in that the width of the throughflow slots (5) is adjustable by means of deflecting tubes (23) articulated on the wall (6). 20. Fish passport according to claim 16, characterized in that a collector (63, 64) is guided at different heights at the upper end of the tower (90), the corresponding to the Upper water level (WS) unused collector (63, 64) are closed by a valve (94). 21. Fish pass according to claim 16, characterized in that a further fish pass (1) which leads into the lower water (36) is connected to the bottom basin (4) of the tower (90) via an outlet channel (35). 22. Fish pass according to one of claims 16 to 21, characterized in that the damming height to be overcome is distributed over two towers (90), one tower (90) standing on the upper water side and one tower (90) on the side of the Is underwater and both towers are connected by a tunnel (95) which is at a level below the lowest level (WS2) of the headwater. 23. Fish pass according to one of claims 16 to 21, characterized in that a bypassing water (32) from the mouth of a river into the upper water to an underwater tower (90) with a fish pass, the height of which corresponds to the maximum dam height (WS 1). leads, which opens into the inlet channel (61) of the fish pass.