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WO2005098165A1 - Barres et systeme instrumentes - Google Patents

Barres et systeme instrumentes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005098165A1
WO2005098165A1 PCT/CN2005/000456 CN2005000456W WO2005098165A1 WO 2005098165 A1 WO2005098165 A1 WO 2005098165A1 CN 2005000456 W CN2005000456 W CN 2005000456W WO 2005098165 A1 WO2005098165 A1 WO 2005098165A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hollow
hollow bar
soil nail
bars
bar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2005/000456
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Noriman Sai Chi Mak
Lai Kwong Yeung
Original Assignee
Hong Kong Fiberglass Technology Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hong Kong Fiberglass Technology Limited filed Critical Hong Kong Fiberglass Technology Limited
Priority to PCT/CN2005/000456 priority Critical patent/WO2005098165A1/fr
Publication of WO2005098165A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005098165A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/207—Securing of slopes or inclines with means incorporating sheet piles or piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to instrumented bars and system and, in particular, to instrumented soil nails and system.
  • Soil nails are basically structural bars installed from the ground surface of a slope, through the depth of an analyzed potential unstable ground body mass, and anchored into the underlying stable earth zone beneath the potential unstable body mass.
  • Conventional soil nails are made from steel bars. Firstly, a hole of sufficient length and dimension is drilled to provide a nominal cover for a soil nail to be inserted. The soil nail is then inserted into the hole. Grout is then injected into the hole from a bottom up manner using tremie pipes. The installed soil nail will have an exposed headpiece comprises a head plate and fastening means for securing the bars in the ground.
  • Soil nails are passive structural elements in that force will only be exerted onto the installed bars when movement of the potential unstable body mass occurred.
  • the movement of the mobilized body mass causes a structural bar to extend from one end as the other end of the bar is firmly secured in the stable earth mass beyond the mobilized body. Stress will be distributed onto the bars and the composite action of the soil and bar will take action to restrain further movement.
  • the structure bars are normally steel bars that are installed in drilled holes and grouted to have minimal cover for protecting the steel material from corrosion and to enable gradual load transfer of the steel bars to the ambient soil surroundings.
  • Steel bars of specific lengths are normally prefabricated off site.
  • a hot-dip galvanized process protecting the steel material from corrosion, is applied to the steel bars before they are transported to the site for installation.
  • the user orders a set of steel bars of a particular length, and then the soil nail manufacturer would cut the bars to the required length accordingly, carve the appropriate thread on one end of the bar, and then subject the precut bars to the galvanization process to provide protection from oxidation in the ground. This prevents corrosion and ensures long-term functionality of the steel material.
  • the steel bars are properly galvanized, however, they cannot be cut again to avoid exposure of un-galvanized parts.
  • the lengths of the soil nails are only estimations at best, as the lengths of the soil nails depend on the subsoil condition such as depth to rock head. If the lengths are unnecessarily long, the steel bars would need to be cut to fit on site. This on-site cut-to-fit practice will damage the pre-treated galvanization protection by exposing cut faces and threaded zones of the steel bars to corrosion. Therefore, this on-site cut-to-fit practice is not desirable, but is often necessary for practical reasons. Even if the bars are not cut after galvanization, the insertion process may scrape the protective coating somewhere along the length of the bar, causing damage to the galvanized surface, leading the corrosion therealong.
  • wires are attached to the steel bars externally during installation and in particular during grouting of the holes, and need to be protected and firmly secured at desired positions to properly detect the condition of the steel bars.
  • Different electronic instruments that check, for example, the conductivity or resonance frequency of the wire or the bar, are used to check the integrity of the steel bars installed.
  • a sheared bar should give a different signal as compared to an intact bar.
  • interference and misplacement often occur, often rendering the measurements hard to interpret and unreliable.
  • a system for reinforcement utilizing instrumented bars or soil nails comprising a first hollow bar having a first end and a second end.
  • the first hollow bar has a first bore therein and an external threads extending along at least a section thereof.
  • a head cap is adapted for removably covering the first end of the first hollow bar.
  • the system further comprises an end cap for covering the second end of the first hollow bars.
  • a system further comprising a second hollow bar and a sleeve or coupler.
  • the second hollow bar has a first end and a second.
  • the second hollow bar has a second bore therein and an external threads extending along at least a section thereof.
  • the coupler is provided with internal threads.
  • One end of the coupler is adapted for threaded engagement with the second end of the first hollow bar and the other end of the coupler is adapted for threaded engagement with one of the first and second ends of the second hollow bar.
  • the first and second hollow bars are disposed in collinear alignment and end-to-end relationship to form a longitudinally and continuously extending conduit.
  • An end cap is adapted to cover the other one of the first and second ends of the second hollow bar.
  • the system further comprises a head plate.
  • the head plate has a central aperture adapted for receiving therethrough the first end of the first hollow bar; and at least one threaded nut for securing the head plate in a predetermined position at the first end of the first hollow bar.
  • the system has a spacer coupled to each of the first and second hollow bars for centralizing the first and second hollow bars within a formation.
  • the instrumented bars or soil nails of the system are made of fiberglass.
  • the system allows a measuring instrument, such as a scale, a waveform meter, an optical fiber device, and a miniature camera to be inserted into the conduit through the first end of the first hollow bar right up to the entire length of the soil nail.
  • a measuring instrument such as a scale, a waveform meter, an optical fiber device, and a miniature camera
  • the continuous fiberglass threaded hollow bar soil nail system of the present invention provides a total solution in overcoming the shortcomings of the current steel soil nail system such as corrosion, long-term integrity, the necessity and lead time of pre- treatment of steel soil nails offsite, and the offsite estimation of length of steel bars.
  • Fiberglass is a nonconductive material and is fairly inert. It has no corrosion problem. It has strength equivalent to or greater than those of steel.
  • the specific gravity of fiberglass in general is of the order of one-fifth the specific gravity of steel.
  • the continuous fiberglass threaded hollow bars are designed so that cutting can be made easily on site to desired lengths.
  • the bars can be threaded and connected together by means of couplers. This allows the length of each soil nail be specifically made according to specific location and can accommodate changes easily to suit actual site conditions and measurements in a very cost effective manner.
  • the continuous fiberglass threaded hollow bar soil nail provides a channel or conduit that can be instrumented easily and protected during installation and grouting of the holes. It is therefore an objective to provide a fiberglass soil nail system that can be safely installed by workers on site with good durability characteristics and with access to monitor using instrumentation when required.
  • FIG. 1 is an illustrative diagram of a soil nail for use in reinforcing a slope in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross sectional view of the soil nail
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the soil nail
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary view of an end of a hollow bar of the soil nail
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a coupler of the soil nail
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of an end cap of the soil nail
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a nut of the soil nail
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a bearing plate of the soil nail
  • FIG. 9 is an exploded view of a reinforcing bar according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is the reinforcing bar of FIG. 9 in an assembled condition
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged fragmentary view of an end of the reinforcing bar of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 12 is an enlarged fragmentary view of an end of another embodiment of the reinforcing bar of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 13 shows a foldable integrity checking instrument
  • FIG. 14 shows the foldable integrity checking instrument of FIG. 13 being inserted into the soil nail.
  • FIG. 1 is an illustrative diagram showing a soil nail generally designated by reference numeral 10.
  • the soil nail 10 is inserted into a drilled hole 12 of a slope 14 for reinforcing and stabilizing the slope 14.
  • the soil nail 10 comprises a first hollow bar 16, a second hollow bar 18, and a coupler 20 for coupling the first hollow bar 16 to the second hollow bar 18.
  • the first hollow bar 16, the second hollow bar 18, and the coupler 20 are preferably made of fiberglass.
  • the first and second fiberglass hollow bars 16, 18 are made from a long and continuous fiberglass externally threaded hollow bar.
  • the long and continuous fiberglass externally threaded hollow bar can be easily cut on site to any lengths, as desired. This allows each soil nail to be specifically made according to its location and can accommodate changes easily to suit actual site conditions and measurements in a very cost effective manner.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are longitudinal cross sectional and exploded views of the soil nail 10 respectively.
  • the first hollow bar 16 has a first end 16a and a second end 16b.
  • the second hollow bar 18 has a first end 18a and a second end 18b.
  • the hollow bars 16, 18 have respective external threads 26, 28 provided along the entire length thereof.
  • the external threads 26, 28 may be continuous or intermittent.
  • the coupler 20 is preferably in the form of a sleeve having a first end 20a, a second end 20b, and internal threads 32.
  • One end 20a of the coupler 20 is threadably engaged with one end 16b of the first hollow bar 16.
  • the other end 20b of the coupler 20 is threadably engaged with one end 18a of the second hollow bar 18.
  • the first and second hollow bars 16, 18 are arranged in collinear alignment to form a continuously and longitudinally extending bore or channel or conduit 34 therein.
  • the first and second hollow bars 16, 18 are in an end-to-end relationship wherein the end 16b of the first hollow bar 16 abuts against the end 18a of the second hollow bar 18 generally at a middle portion of the coupler 20.
  • the soil nail system of the present invention allows measuring instrument to be installed or inserted into the conduit 34 of the fiberglass soil nail 10 to check the integrity of the fiberglass soil nail any time subsequent to the installation.
  • the measuring instrument adapted for depth measurement may be a scale, a waveform meter, an optical fiber, a miniature camera, or any other instruments.
  • the soil nail 10 comprises a head plate 40.
  • the head plate 40 has a central aperture 42.
  • the central aperture 42 has a diameter which is slightly greater than the outmost diameter of the first hollow bar 16 such that the end 16a of the hollow bar 16 can be inserted through the aperture 42.
  • the head plate 40 has a slope-facing surface 44. When the soil nail 10 is inserted into the hole 12 of the slope 14, the slope- facing surface 44 of the head plate 40 is disposed outside the hole 12.
  • two threaded nuts 50, 52 are threadably engaged with the first hollow bar 16 on opposite sides of the head plate 40 respectively.
  • the two threaded nuts 50, 52 are employed to secure the head plate 40 in a desired position adjacent the face of the slope. It is appreciated that the length of the soil nail 10 is longer than that of the hole 12 and that the dimension of the head plate 40 is greater than the diameter of the hole 12 so that the head portion of the soil nail 10 is exposed outside the hole 12 once the soil nail 10 is finally installed into the hole 12.
  • An internally threaded head cap or end cap 60 is adapted to threadabfy engaged with the externally threaded end 16a of the first hollow bar 16 for removably covering the exposed end of the soil nail 10.
  • This end cap 60 allows instruments to be installed or inserted into the soil nail 10 to check the integrity of the fiberglass soil nail at any time subsequent to the installation of the soil nail 10.
  • another identical internally threaded end cap 62 is adapted to threadably engaged with the externally threaded end 18b of the second hollow bar 18 for removably covering the other end of the soil nail 10 at the bottom of the hole 12.
  • a spacer 70 is coupled to each of the first and second hollow bars 16, 18 for centralizing the soil nail 10 when it is inserted and disposed inside the hole 12.
  • the spacer 70 is preferably in the form of a one-piece torus-shaped plastic member.
  • the spacer 70 has opposite openings 72 for receiving therethrough the first and second hollow bars 16, 18.
  • Fasteners such as plastic bands or ties (not shown) can be utilized to tie the opposite ends 72 of the spacer 70 to the first and second hollow bars 16, 18.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the end 16a, 16b, 18a, 18b of the hollow bar 16, 18.
  • the hollow bar 16, 18 defines the channel or conduit 34 of the soil nail 10.
  • the outer diameter of the hollow bars 16, 18 is preferably 2.5cm and the inner diameter of the hollow bars 16, 18 is preferably 1.0cm.
  • FIG. 5 An enlarged view of the coupler 20 of the soil nail 10 is shown in FIG. 5. It is noted that the outer surface of the coupler 20 has a hexagonal cross section. This facilitates gripping of the coupler 20 by a user when the first and second hollow bars 16, 18 are being threaded into the coupler 20.
  • the length of the coupler 20 is preferably 24cm.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the head cap or end cap 60, 62 of the soil nail 10.
  • Each end cap 60, 62 is provided with internal threads 64.
  • the end cap 60, 62 may have a round cross section or a hexagonal cross section.
  • the length of the end cap 60, 62 is preferably 5.0cm.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a nut 50, 52 of the soil nail 10.
  • the nut 50, 52 is provided with internal threads 54.
  • the length of the nut 50, 52 is preferably 3.0cm.
  • FIG. 8 An enlarged view of the head plate 40 of the soil nail 10 is shown in FIG. 8.
  • the dimension of the head plate 40 is preferably 15cm x 15cm.
  • FIG. 9 is an exploded view of a reinforcing bar 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the reinforcing bar 110 comprises a first threaded bar segment 116, a second threaded bar segment 118, and an internally threaded coupler 120.
  • the structures of the first and second bar segments 116, 118 and the coupler 120 are similar to those of the first and second hollow bar 16, 18 and coupler 20 of the soil nail 10 previously described, except that the first and second bar segments 116, 118 are solid bar segments.
  • the reinforcing bat- 110 is preferably made of fiberglass.
  • the first and second fiberglass bar segments 116, 118 are made from a long and continuous fiberglass threaded solid bar.
  • the long and continuous fiberglass threaded solid bar can be easily cut on site to any length, as desired. This allows each reinforcing bar to be specifically made according to its location and can accommodate changes easily to suit actual site conditions and measurements in a very cost effective manner.
  • FIG. 10 is the reinforcing bar 110 of FIG. 9 in an assembled condition. An enlarged fragmentary view of an end of the first and second bar segments 116, 118 is shown in FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 12 is an enlarged fragmentary view of an end of another embodiment of the first and second bar segments 116, 118 wherein the bar segments 116, 118 are hollow defining therein a channel or conduit 134.
  • the instrumented bar or soil nail system of the present invention allows a measuring instrument adapted for depth measurement, such as a scale, a waveform meter, an optical fiber device, and a miniature camera to be inserted into the conduit of the bar or soil nail.
  • a measuring instrument adapted for depth measurement such as a scale, a waveform meter, an optical fiber device, and a miniature camera to be inserted into the conduit of the bar or soil nail.
  • FIG. 13 shows a foldable integrity checking instrument such as a scale 90 having a plurality of hinged sections 92. Each section 92 of the scale 90 preferably has a length of about lm.
  • FIG. 14 shows the end cap 60 being removed and the scale 90 being unfolded and inserted into the conduit 34 of the soil nail 10.
  • the foldable integrity checking instrument 90 can be utilized to check the soil nail condition and distance.
  • the opposite ends of the soil nail may be covered by snap fitting end caps instead of internally threaded end caps.
  • the opposite ends of the soil nail may be covered by plugs.
  • the soil nail centralizing member it may be in the form of a washer.
  • the measuring instruments to be inserted into the bar or soil nail of the present invention may be instruments for checking the depth and integrity of the bar or soil nail.
  • Other measuring instruments adapted to be inserted into the bar or soil nail of the present invention may include instruments for measuring water, gas, contamination, soil movement, etc. in the bar or soil nail system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une barre ou un organe de fixation dans le sol (10) instrumenté utilisé pour renforcer un talus, comprenant un premier élément tubulaire (16) à filetage externe, un second élément tubulaire (18) à filetage externe et un coupleur (20) à filetage interne. Une extrémité dudit coupleur coopère par filetage avec le premier élément tubulaire et l'autre extrémité du coupleur coopère par filetage avec le second élément tubulaire. Les premier et second élément tubulaires sont agencés selon un alignement colinéaire afin de former un conduit (34) s'étendant de manière longitudinale dans ledit alignement. Les filetages externes de chaque élément tubulaire s'étendent sur la longueur totale de cet élément. Une plaque de tête (40) est disposée au niveau d'une extrémité de l'organe de fixation dans le sol à l'aide d'écrous filetés (50, 52). Un bouchon (60, 62) est utilisé pour recouvrir chaque extrémité tubulaire de l'organe de fixation dans le sol. Ledit organe de fixation dans le sol est en fibre de verre. Des instruments de mesure sont conçus afin d'être introduits dans le conduit de l'organe de fixation dans le sol.
PCT/CN2005/000456 2004-04-08 2005-04-07 Barres et systeme instrumentes WO2005098165A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2005/000456 WO2005098165A1 (fr) 2004-04-08 2005-04-07 Barres et systeme instrumentes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HK1061157 2004-04-08
PCT/CN2005/000456 WO2005098165A1 (fr) 2004-04-08 2005-04-07 Barres et systeme instrumentes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005098165A1 true WO2005098165A1 (fr) 2005-10-20

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2010200459B2 (en) * 2009-12-23 2012-12-06 R&B Leasing, Llc Composite and self-centralizing soil nails and methods
CN103924607A (zh) * 2014-05-08 2014-07-16 中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所 滑坡自适应锚固系统
CN103993613A (zh) * 2014-06-10 2014-08-20 山东大学 一种路基挡土墙锚杆锚固体布设的方法
US8851801B2 (en) 2003-12-18 2014-10-07 R&B Leasing, Llc Self-centralizing soil nail and method of creating subsurface support
CN104088277A (zh) * 2014-07-16 2014-10-08 陕西师范大学 一种土遗址加固锚杆及其设计方法
US9273442B2 (en) * 2003-12-18 2016-03-01 R&B Leasing, Llc Composite self-drilling soil nail and method
WO2017144941A1 (fr) * 2016-02-22 2017-08-31 Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) Micropieu ou tirant électriquement isolé et résistant à la corrosion
US10145077B2 (en) * 2014-07-09 2018-12-04 R&B Leasing, Llc Coupler for soil nail and method of emplacing same
CN110206043A (zh) * 2019-06-18 2019-09-06 新疆交通建设集团股份有限公司 土钉及支护施工方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4471588A (en) * 1980-08-13 1984-09-18 Schirm Klaus Werner Tie rod
JP2001207590A (ja) * 2000-01-28 2001-08-03 Oriental Construction Co Ltd ノンプル方式反力ｐｃ鋼材によるプレストレス力導入装置およびその装置を使用したコンクリート部材のプレストレス導入方法
CN1464176A (zh) * 2002-06-24 2003-12-31 吴德兴 一种锚杆支护方法及其分段式中空注浆锚杆

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4471588A (en) * 1980-08-13 1984-09-18 Schirm Klaus Werner Tie rod
JP2001207590A (ja) * 2000-01-28 2001-08-03 Oriental Construction Co Ltd ノンプル方式反力ｐｃ鋼材によるプレストレス力導入装置およびその装置を使用したコンクリート部材のプレストレス導入方法
CN1464176A (zh) * 2002-06-24 2003-12-31 吴德兴 一种锚杆支护方法及其分段式中空注浆锚杆

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8851801B2 (en) 2003-12-18 2014-10-07 R&B Leasing, Llc Self-centralizing soil nail and method of creating subsurface support
US9273442B2 (en) * 2003-12-18 2016-03-01 R&B Leasing, Llc Composite self-drilling soil nail and method
AU2010200459B2 (en) * 2009-12-23 2012-12-06 R&B Leasing, Llc Composite and self-centralizing soil nails and methods
CN103924607A (zh) * 2014-05-08 2014-07-16 中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所 滑坡自适应锚固系统
CN103924607B (zh) * 2014-05-08 2016-03-02 中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所 滑坡自适应锚固系统
CN103993613A (zh) * 2014-06-10 2014-08-20 山东大学 一种路基挡土墙锚杆锚固体布设的方法
CN103993613B (zh) * 2014-06-10 2015-10-21 山东大学 一种路基挡土墙锚杆锚固体布设的方法
US10145077B2 (en) * 2014-07-09 2018-12-04 R&B Leasing, Llc Coupler for soil nail and method of emplacing same
US10837154B2 (en) 2014-07-09 2020-11-17 R & B Leasing, Llc Coupler for soil nail and method of emplacing same
CN104088277B (zh) * 2014-07-16 2015-10-28 陕西师范大学 一种土遗址加固锚杆及其设计方法
CN104088277A (zh) * 2014-07-16 2014-10-08 陕西师范大学 一种土遗址加固锚杆及其设计方法
WO2017144941A1 (fr) * 2016-02-22 2017-08-31 Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) Micropieu ou tirant électriquement isolé et résistant à la corrosion
CN110206043A (zh) * 2019-06-18 2019-09-06 新疆交通建设集团股份有限公司 土钉及支护施工方法

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