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WO2005091628A1 - Regulation de la luminance dans des systemes de projection a cristaux liquides - Google Patents

Regulation de la luminance dans des systemes de projection a cristaux liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005091628A1
WO2005091628A1 PCT/IB2005/050895 IB2005050895W WO2005091628A1 WO 2005091628 A1 WO2005091628 A1 WO 2005091628A1 IB 2005050895 W IB2005050895 W IB 2005050895W WO 2005091628 A1 WO2005091628 A1 WO 2005091628A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compensator
light
recited
projection system
retardance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2005/050895
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English (en)
Inventor
Duncan J. Anderson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Publication of WO2005091628A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005091628A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
    • H04N5/7416—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
    • H04N5/7441—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal the modulator being an array of liquid crystal cells

Definitions

  • LC liquid crystal
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • the LC medium can be used to modulate the light with image information.
  • This modulated light can then be imaged on a screen by polarization and projection optics thereby forming the image or 'picture.
  • the light from a source is selectively polarized in a particular orientation prior to being incident on the LC layer.
  • the LC layer may have a voltage selectively applied to orient the molecules of the material in a certain manner. The polarization of the light that is incident on the LC layer is then selectively altered upon its traversing the LC layer.
  • the LCD system often includes a polarization beam splitter (PBS).
  • PBS polarization beam splitter
  • the light that is reflected by the LCD and that has a certain polarization state will be reflected from or transmitted through the PBS, depending on the structure of the system, and is then incident on the projection optics.
  • This light forms the bright-state pixels of the image.
  • light of a polarization that is orthogonal to the polarization state of the bright state pixels is prevented from reaching the projection optics, and becomes the dark state light.
  • an image may be formed from a plurality of bright and dark state pixels, where a scrolling image may be formed by scrolling the input signals to the matrix of transistors in the LCD.
  • the LC device (the 'device') behaves like a mirror. That is, in the
  • the LC device has a residual retardance in both magnitude and orientation.
  • the residual retardance of the device changes the polarization state and hence a fraction of the light is directed towards the projection optics deleteriously impacting the contrast. Accordingly, the undesired residual retardance should be cancelled.
  • the contrast is of the projected image may be compromised by the residual retardance of the device.
  • the dark state pixels on the screen may not be sufficiently absent of light to provide a high contrast/high quality image.
  • these compensators which are to mitigate the effects of the residual retardance, may be non-uniform in retardance across their useful area and thus the phase compensation is incomplete.
  • compensators are often comprised of a layer of optically birefringent material, such as a stretched polymer material, sandwiched between two layers of glass.
  • optically birefringent material such as a stretched polymer material
  • contaminants such as particulates may be trapped between the retarder material and the glass. Being in close proximity to the device, these contaminants interfere with the projection of light onto pixels of the device, and are thus image at a corresponding location of the imaging screen.
  • known compensation techniques to address residual retardance in LCD projection devices have certain drawbacks and shortcomings that make them less than desirable.
  • a light projection system includes an LC device, a polarization beamsplitter and a projection optic.
  • the projection system also includes a compensator located adjacent to the projection optic, and the compensator has a position-dependent retardance across an area of the compensator that transforms a polarization state of light at each location of the area.
  • a method of compensating residual retardance in a light projection system to provide dark state light includes providing a compensator adjacent to an illumination optic.
  • the compensator has a retardance and orientation that is dependent on a position over an area of the compensator.
  • the method also includes altering a polarization state of light incident on the compensator so as to prevent the dark state light from reaching the projection optic.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an LCD projection display device in accordance with an example embodiment.
  • Fig. 2a is a pupil compensator, which provides varying degrees of optical retardance and different slow/fast axis orientation used to provide dark state light to the projection optics of an LCD projection system in accordance with an example embodiment.
  • Figs. 2b and 2c show different grating structures that may be used in a pupil compensator in accordance with an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows an LCD projection display device (LCD display) 100 in accordance with an example embodiment. It is noted that the LCD projection display device 100 may be incorporated into a variety of types of projection display systems, illustratively a front projection display device.
  • the LCD display 100 includes an illumination system (or illumination unit) 101, which include a gas discharge light source (e.g., a high pressure mercury lamp, a noble gas arc lamp or metal halide lamp), an LED array or other known light source for emitting light comprising red, green and blue (R, G, B) light that is used in display devices.
  • the illumination system 101 may include a parabolic mirror, an illumination optic or similar device.
  • Light from the illumination system is incident on a PBS 102, which reflects light of a particular polarization state (p-state), and transmits light of another polarization state. This selective transmission and reflection selectively provides the suitable dark state and bright state light to form the needed contrast in an image; and selectively provides the colors required to form an image.
  • this polarization- dependent selection by the PBS 102 is less than perfect, and some residual geometric depolarization from a glass MacNeille PBS, a common PBS, can deleteriously impact the contrast and quality of the image at the screen.
  • a skew angle compensator may be used to address the residual retardance geometric depolarization of the PBS, in an example embodiment (e.g., Fig.l) a wire-grid PBS is may be used, and does not require skew angle compensation.
  • example embodiments reduce the residual retardance and thus improve the image quality and contrast across the screen
  • three point sources at the illumination unit 101 are depicted as light cones 113, 114,115.
  • the light cones 113-115 traverse the PBS 102.
  • the solid lines of cone 114 represent telecentric collimated light at the device 104; whereas the dotted (113) and dashed (1 15) lines represent light that is incident on the device 104 at angles other than parallel to the normal to the device 104. As such, the solid lines of cone 114 are reflected and focus at a center focal 1 10 point.
  • the device 104 may be one of a variety liquid crystal devices, such as an LCoS device. It is noted, however, that other types of reflective retarders, commonly used in light valve applications may be used as the light valve device 104.
  • the illumination optics (not shown) forms a non-telecentric pupil image 101. This light traverses the PBS and is converted into telecentric illumination by field lens 103. Hence each point on the display is illuminated by a cone of light whose central (principal) ray is parallel to the display 104 normal. Upon reflection from the device 104 the field lens 103 forms an image at a pupil 105. Light is incident on the device 104 and some of the light is reflected toward the projection optic as shown.
  • the light undergoes a polarization transformation upon reflection from the device, this light and is then partially reflected by the PBS 102 towards to the pupil 105, where a compensator 106 in accordance with an example embodiment is shown.
  • the light valve like the PBS, may have a residual retardance that must be compensated to improve the contrast and image quality in general.
  • the compensator 106 significantly compensates for or substantially eliminates the affects of the residual retardance from the device 104 and the PBS 102.
  • the device 104 transforms the polarization such that upon reflection from the device; the PBS 102 directs most of the light towards the projection optics 108.
  • the compensator 106 Light that is incident on the compensator 106 is selectively compensated by the compensator 106 so that its polarization state is either substantially orthogonal or substantially parallel to the polarizer 107 transmission axis.
  • the former results in dark state light and the latter results in bright state light at the image screen.
  • the bright state light (not shown) traverses the polarizer 107 and is projected onto the image screen by the projection optic 108.
  • the dark state light is absorbed by the polarizer 107 back into the system 100.
  • the device 104 often has a residual retardance, which impacts the uniformity brightness level of the darkness across the image screen.
  • Locating the compensator adjacent to the device 104 results in the imaging local area non-uniformity by the device onto the image screen.
  • the device 104 forms pixels at the imaging screen from the light incident on the device 104 from the compensator adjacent thereto, any non-uniformities in the light from the compensator are mapped to a corresponding location on the imaging screen; and these non-uniformities would be imaged and thus pronounced on the image screen.
  • contaminants in the compensator if located adjacent to the device 104, are mapped from a location on the device to a particular location on the image screen, forming bright images on the image screen.
  • a point source or focal point on the pupil 105 of the projection optics 108 maps to all locations on the imaging screen. Therefore, by locating the compensator 106 at the pupil 105, each point on the pupil (e.g., focal points 110-1 12) maps to all points on the image screen. Thus, any uncompensated residual retardance, which is manifest as non-uniformity in the contrast (or dark state), can be 'spread out' over the image screen. Likewise, in accordance with example embodiments, any images of contaminants are spread over the screen. Thus, instead of being projected bright spots as in the known art, the image of the contaminants is diffused over the image screen. Accordingly, it is exceedingly beneficial to provide the compensator 106 at the pupil 105 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the reflection of dark state light may be used to form a particular color.
  • the device 104 would alter the polarization state of this device so it is absorbed extinguished by the combined action of PBS rejection 102 and polarizer 107 absorption.
  • the compensator 106 provides selective retardance that is spatially dependent across the pupil.
  • the light from cone 114 that is focused at the center of the pupil 105 requires little, if any compensation for residual retardance from the device 104.
  • the zero compensation at the pupil center is for the LC mode 90TN0 of one example embodiment of Fig. 1. In general, other LC modes will require compensation even at the pupil center location).
  • This is directly related to the zero angle of incidence at the device 104.
  • the light from cones 1 13 and 1 15 have a finite angle of incidence at the device 104 are not telecentric, and as is well known, there is a dependence of the phase change (retardance) value imparted by the LC and as a function of the angle of incidence.
  • the light from cones 1 13 and 115 undergoes a phase change due to the device that differs from the phase change imparted to the required to provide dark state light of cone 1 14 (in the present embodiment) or bright state light.
  • This light focuses at the pupil 105 at off-center foci of 111 and 1 12 in the present example; and with respective polarization states that will not be fully absorbed or extinguished by the polarizer 107. Accordingly, without the position dependent polarization transformation provided by the compensator 106, the light from this residual retardance will traverse the polarizer 107 and adversely impact the contrast uniformity, if not other aspects of the image quality.
  • the phase change (retardance) value imparted by the light valve device also depends on the angle of incidence.
  • the compensator 106 has a retardance that varies in magnitude and orientation across the area of the compensator 106. To this end, because of the angular dependence of the device residual retardance and the angle of incidence of light, and the non-uniform retardance across the device 104 as well as other factors, the light incident at non-telecentric finite angles of incidence light will focus at the pupil 105 with a less than desired polarization state.
  • the compensator 106 has a spatially varying fast axis orientation and a spatially varying retardance across its area in the plane of the pupil.
  • This spatial variation in retardance and orientation provides a retarder that has a magnitude and orientation at each point of the compensator that will transform the "dark- state" polarization state at that point to a state that is substantially absorbed by the polarizer 107. For example, suppose the polarization state of the light at point 1 12 is a vector sum of two linear polarization states and the polarizer blocks only one of these states.
  • the linear state that will be absorbed by the analyzer 107 is transformed by the compensator to the other linear state that is so absorbed.
  • the light at a particular point on the pupil is a vector sum of S-polarized light and P-polarized light
  • the polarizer 107 transmits S-polarized light
  • the orientation of the fast axis and retardance at point 112 will transform the S/P polarized light at point 1 12 to P-polarized light.
  • the compensator 106 will have no effect on the light at this point.
  • the spatial variation of the compensator 106 for a particular system 100 may be determined by measuring the spatial variation of the polarization of the light across the pupil 105. Next, a retarder having a spatial variation of retardance and fast axis orientation that at every point on the pupil negates the polarization component that will not be absorbed by the polarizer 107.
  • a compensator 1 16 may be disposed adjacent to the device 104. If this compensator fully compensates the device, the compensator 106 may be used to compensate for any geometrical phase defects due to the PBS 102, which have not been compensated. To this end, the device may be partially compensated for by the compensator 116, and full compensation is achieved by the combination of compensators 116 and 106. For example, the 45TN0 LC mode requires compensation for both "collimated” and "off-axis" light; and compensator 116 could perform the "collimated” compensation and compensator 106 the "off-axis" compensation. Alternatively, the roles of the compensators could be switched.
  • Fig. 2a is a top view of a compensator 200 in accordance with an example embodiment. As will be appreciated, this compensator 200 may be used as the compensator 106 discussed above.
  • the compensator 200 is useful in a system that incorporates a 90TN0 LCoS mode panel as the light valve (e.g., device 104). It is noted that the present device does not compensate for the non-ideal polarization properties of the PBS of the system. This should be compensated in such a way that its reflection and transmission are substantially uniform across the illumination cone angle. It is further noted that a wire-grid PBS inherently does not produce strong phase shifts as a function of cone angle. Furthermore, a glass-based MacNeille PBS, which may be used in example embodiments, requires a "skew angle" compensator to achieve uniform reflection/transmission characteristics.
  • the compensator 200 may be a C-plate, which is well known in the physical optics arts.
  • a known c-plate consists of a retarder having a fast (or slow) axis that points in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the substrate. The c-plate only induces a phase change for light rays that are "off-axis.”
  • the vectors 201 in the Fig. 2a indicate the orientation of the slow axis and magnitude of the retardance of the device across the plane of the compensator 200.
  • the magnitude of the retardance is rather large.
  • the retardance required to provide adequate compensation is on the order of lOOnm.
  • the compensator 200 may impact both dark state and bright state light.
  • the bright state as shown in the diagrams produces mostly s-polarized light after reflection from the device and the PBS. Without the compensator 106 of the example embodiments this light would be wholly transmitted by the analyzer 107. However, the compensator 106 will also transform substantially all of this s-state light into p-state light, which in turn will be absorbed by the analyzer 107 reducing the brightness.
  • the compensator 200 is comprised of gratings.
  • these gratings may be sub-wavelength phase grating structures that form birefringent retarders.
  • the retardance values over the plane of the compensator would be adjusted by selectively altering the duty cycle, height or refractive index of the grating.
  • the orientation of the retarder fast axis as a function of position would be defined by the orientation of the grating as a function of position.
  • a plurality of gratings may be used to realize a compensator 200 having a spatially dependent fast axis and a spatially dependent retardance.
  • the grating 202 has a 50% duty-cycle and the grating 203 has a 70% duty-cycle.
  • the maximum birefringence is obtained for a duty cycle of approximately 50%, and by increasing or decreasing the duty cycle, the birefringence may be reduced.
  • sub-wavelength gratings are fabricated by direct e-beam patterning of a photoresist on a substrate of a suitable material.
  • photoresist may be disposed over a glass substrate.
  • a plurality of gratings may be formed over the surface to form a compensator such as compensator 200, which can be used as compensator 106.
  • Each spatial location on the compensator has a retardance magnitude and fast axis orientation dictated by the requirements of the light valve, or PBS, or both.
  • the orientation of the fast axes may be set by the orientation of the grating on the substrate.
  • the magnitude of the retardance is set by fixing one or more of the height of the grating, the duty cycle and the material used.
  • a direct e-beam patterning may be effected across the area of the substrate. This may be automated by programming the orientations of the gratings, as well as the duty cycle and the height in an e-beam writer. All of the gratings may be fabricated by stepping across the photoresist. The photoresist in then washed. It is noted that this grating structure may be used as a form for others. For example, nickel shims may be made to write replicate other gratings by known techniques. Finally, it is noted that the use of grating-based compensators is merely illustrative, and other grating technologies may be used to effect the compensator 200.
  • LC retarders could be used to fabricate a spatially dependent compensator.
  • the retarder orientation may be defined by UV phototechniques that define the alignment of the LC material.
  • the alignment conditions may be patterned across the retarder surface.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Projection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'affichage par projection, comprenant un compensateur disposé au niveau d'une pupille, de manière adjacente à une optique de projection. Ce compensateur présente un retard à dépendance spatiale qui crée un retard présentant une amplitude et une orientation à chaque point du compensateur transformant l'état de polarisation en ce point en un état sensiblement absorbé par le polariseur. On obtient ainsi un état sombre amélioré et une image à contraste élevé sur un écran du dispositif d'affichage par projection. En outre, le fait de placer le compensateur de manière adjacente à l'optique de projection réduit les artefacts sur l'écran provoqués par des contaminants et des non-uniformités dans le dispositif modulateur de lumière.
PCT/IB2005/050895 2004-03-16 2005-03-14 Regulation de la luminance dans des systemes de projection a cristaux liquides Ceased WO2005091628A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US55375104P 2004-03-16 2004-03-16
US60/553,751 2004-03-16

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WO2005091628A1 true WO2005091628A1 (fr) 2005-09-29

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SG140523A1 (en) * 2006-08-18 2008-03-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Projection display apparatus
CN112074769A (zh) * 2018-03-15 2020-12-11 脸谱科技有限责任公司 用C板改善复消色差Pancharatnam-Berry相位部件的角度性能
US11846779B2 (en) 2018-03-15 2023-12-19 Meta Platforms Technologies, Llc Display device with varifocal optical assembly
EP4100771A4 (fr) * 2020-02-06 2024-03-06 Valve Corporation Compensation de polarisation pour polariseur à grille métallique d'un casque immersif

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5986815A (en) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-16 Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. Systems, methods and apparatus for improving the contrast ratio in reflective imaging systems utilizing color splitters
EP1197766A2 (fr) * 2000-10-13 2002-04-17 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Element séparateur de polarisation, système de conversion de polarisation, élement optique et système d'affichage à projection
EP1291704A1 (fr) * 2000-05-22 2003-03-12 Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha Procede pour ameliorer le rapport de contraste d'un projecteur a cristaux liquides
US20030214617A1 (en) * 2002-05-17 2003-11-20 Serge Bierhuizen Single-path color video projection systems employing reflective liquid crystal display devices
US20030227597A1 (en) * 2002-06-05 2003-12-11 Eastman Kodak Company Projection display using a wire grid polarization beamsplitter with compensator
WO2004003596A2 (fr) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-08 Technion Research And Development Foundation Ltd. Elements optiques a phase geometrique a reseaux de diffraction de sous-longueurs d'ondes a variation spatiale
WO2004010712A1 (fr) * 2002-07-19 2004-01-29 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Projecteur a cristaux liquides, dispositif a cristaux liquides et substrat pour dispositif a cristaux liquides

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5986815A (en) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-16 Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. Systems, methods and apparatus for improving the contrast ratio in reflective imaging systems utilizing color splitters
EP1291704A1 (fr) * 2000-05-22 2003-03-12 Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha Procede pour ameliorer le rapport de contraste d'un projecteur a cristaux liquides
EP1197766A2 (fr) * 2000-10-13 2002-04-17 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Element séparateur de polarisation, système de conversion de polarisation, élement optique et système d'affichage à projection
US20030214617A1 (en) * 2002-05-17 2003-11-20 Serge Bierhuizen Single-path color video projection systems employing reflective liquid crystal display devices
US20030227597A1 (en) * 2002-06-05 2003-12-11 Eastman Kodak Company Projection display using a wire grid polarization beamsplitter with compensator
WO2004003596A2 (fr) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-08 Technion Research And Development Foundation Ltd. Elements optiques a phase geometrique a reseaux de diffraction de sous-longueurs d'ondes a variation spatiale
WO2004010712A1 (fr) * 2002-07-19 2004-01-29 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Projecteur a cristaux liquides, dispositif a cristaux liquides et substrat pour dispositif a cristaux liquides

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SG140523A1 (en) * 2006-08-18 2008-03-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Projection display apparatus
US7661829B2 (en) 2006-08-18 2010-02-16 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Projection display apparatus
CN112074769A (zh) * 2018-03-15 2020-12-11 脸谱科技有限责任公司 用C板改善复消色差Pancharatnam-Berry相位部件的角度性能
US11327306B2 (en) 2018-03-15 2022-05-10 Facebook Technologies, Llc Angular performance of apochromatic pancharatnam berry phase components using a C-plate
US11846779B2 (en) 2018-03-15 2023-12-19 Meta Platforms Technologies, Llc Display device with varifocal optical assembly
US12078806B2 (en) 2018-03-15 2024-09-03 Meta Platforms Technologies, Llc Angular performance of apochromatic Pancharatnam berry phase components using a C-plate
EP4100771A4 (fr) * 2020-02-06 2024-03-06 Valve Corporation Compensation de polarisation pour polariseur à grille métallique d'un casque immersif

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