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WO2005075131A1 - Moule a refroidissement par l'eau pour coulee continue d'un metal - Google Patents

Moule a refroidissement par l'eau pour coulee continue d'un metal Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005075131A1
WO2005075131A1 PCT/CN2004/001063 CN2004001063W WO2005075131A1 WO 2005075131 A1 WO2005075131 A1 WO 2005075131A1 CN 2004001063 W CN2004001063 W CN 2004001063W WO 2005075131 A1 WO2005075131 A1 WO 2005075131A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
continuous casting
curve
casting mold
water
cooled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2004/001063
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rongjun Xu
Xiao Liu
Yongquan Li
Jian Cui
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd filed Critical Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
Priority to EP04762196A priority Critical patent/EP1716941B1/en
Priority to US10/585,963 priority patent/US7891405B2/en
Priority to DE602004026926T priority patent/DE602004026926D1/de
Priority to JP2006548070A priority patent/JP5006652B2/ja
Priority to AT04762196T priority patent/ATE465834T1/de
Publication of WO2005075131A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005075131A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/0408—Moulds for casting thin slabs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/055—Cooling the moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
    • B22D11/142—Plants for continuous casting for curved casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/005—Manufacture of stainless steel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a water-cooled metal continuous casting mold, and in particular, to a water-cooled metal continuous casting mold suitable for continuous casting of a thin metal slab.
  • the shape and size of the copper plate curved part of the thin slab continuous casting mold is mainly determined by the cross section of the slab, the shape and size of the pouring nozzle, and the immersion depth of the pouring nozzle.
  • the shape of the wide copper plate of the thin slab continuous casting mold is curved, not only the cross section of the slab is reduced in the pouring direction, but also the cross section of the slab is deformed. Therefore, unlike the conventional parallel plate continuous casting mold, the slab shell is forced to undergo additional deformation when passing through the curved surface of the copper plate of the continuous casting mold, which may cause casting slab defects.
  • the slab shrinkage of the flat-type continuous casting mold is compensated by the inclination or adjustment of the taper of the narrow-face copper plate of the continuous casting mold, which is different from the continuous casting mold composed of a copper plate with a curved shape.
  • the inclusion curve in the pouring direction is very important.
  • the horizontal or straight contour of the copper plate surface of a continuous casting mold can be trained to distribute the deformation suffered by the slab to suppress the formation of slab defects.
  • the shrinkage of the perimeter of the core profile contour curve of the continuous casting mold cavity in the pouring direction must be equal to or slightly less than the solidification shrinkage of the billet. If it is greater than the shrinkage ratio of the green shell, the green shell must withstand additional deformation, nor can it ensure uniform hook contact between the green shell and the continuous casting mold wall. Areas where the green shell system is too high or too low appear. The possibility of crack defects in the green shell increases, or the drawing resistance is too large, and even the green shell is broken, causing excessive uneven wear of the continuous casting mold, and reducing the service life of the copper plate of the continuous casting mold.
  • Chinese patent CN95106714. 1 and European patent EP0552501 and German patent DE3907351A1 disclose several continuous casting molds for continuous casting of thin slabs.
  • the upper part of the wide-face water-cooled copper plate is an inclined smooth curved surface, and the lower part is a vertical plane.
  • the upper part is a funnel-shaped pouring area, and the lower part Divided into funnel-shaped cavity area.
  • the wide horizontal cross-section curve is composed of three segments of concave and convex arcs tangent to each other (the outside of the three-segment arc has a straight line segment tangent to it or not); the radius of curvature of each point in the three-segment arc is Gradually increased from top to bottom.
  • Chinese patents CN98126914. 1 and CN98125062.9 disclose the gate shapes of several continuous casting molds for continuous casting of thin slabs, mainly considering that the horizontal profile of the inner cavity of the wide-face copper plate of the continuous casting mold is predetermined by designing vertical The contour improves the shrinkage curve of the continuous casting mold in the pouring direction. It is stipulated that the parallel section from the upper mouth of the continuous casting mold to the lower mouth of the continuous casting mold may be a curve of convex, concave, or convex transformation; the curve is composed of an arc-shaped curve or a triangular curve (such as a sine curve).
  • the thin slab continuous casting mold as described above although the smoothness of the horizontal and vertical contour curves of the internal cavity of the continuous casting mold are considered separately, it is continuous only in the first derivative (that is, the curve is tangent to the curve, the curve and Line tangent), these tangent points are still singular points, that is, stress concentration points.
  • the solid shell shrinks and moves downward in the continuous casting mold, it is still unavoidably stressed, which causes cracks in the shell.
  • the existing funnel-type continuous casting mold has the following problems:
  • the local casting mold is unevenly worn, reducing its service life.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a water-cooled metal continuous casting mold to overcome the technical problems of uneven shrinkage of the solidified slab shell and stress concentration, so as to achieve good surface quality of the slab, eliminate surface defects on the slab, and reduce continuous casting crystallization. Non-uniform wear of the mold prolongs the service life of the continuous casting mold.
  • a water-cooled metal continuous casting mold is composed of two narrow-faced water-cooled copper plates arranged symmetrically on the left and right and two wide-faced water-cooled copper plates symmetrically arranged on the front and back;
  • the upper part of the inner cavity of the continuous mold is a pouring area,
  • the lower part is a cavity area, and its pouring area is funnel-shaped and gradually shrinks from the top to the bottom along the pouring direction, that is, the shape of the cast billet;
  • the inner cavity surface of the narrow-faced water-cooled copper plate is a smooth plane;
  • the inner cavity surface is a curved surface in the casting area portion;
  • the cavity area portion is a flat surface, and the curved surface portion and the flat portion of the inner cavity surface of the wide-face water-cooled steel are continuous smooth surfaces;
  • the top center point (see Figure 1) is the intersection of the center axis and the top surface of the pouring area;
  • the curved part of the inner cavity surface of the wide-surface water-cooled copper plate is composed of
  • the distance between the lowest point of the curve and the central axis is h; the two ends of the curve are straight sections at the two ends of the narrow water-cooled copper plates arranged near the left and right, the length of the straight section is l fl , the middle is the curve section, and the width of the curve section Is L, The two endpoints are point P and point q respectively.
  • Curve 2 is located on a longitudinal section parallel to the narrow-faced water-cooled copper plate. The upper part is an inclined straight section and the middle is a curved section. Their intersection is point 111, and the slope is k. Below is a vertical straight line segment parallel to the central axis. The length of this straight line segment is d.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the shape of the inner cavity curved surface of the wide-face copper plate of the continuous casting mold includes the curvature of the plane part and the curved part at any point, the local stress concentration during the deformation and shrinkage of the billet is avoided.
  • the total length of the curve gradually decreases from top to bottom, and is consistent with the solidification shrinkage of the green shell, so that the solidified green The shell has less resistance to deformation.
  • the shell is not easy to crack. 4.
  • the continuous casting mold is used for continuous metal casting, the copper plate of the continuous casting mold is not prone to uneven wear, and the service life of the continuous casting mold plate can be lengthened.
  • the continuous casting mold is not only suitable for casting ordinary steels, but also suitable for peritectic steels and austenitic non-mirror steels that undergo shrinkage transition during the solidification process.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of a metal continuous casting mold
  • Figure 2 is a side view of a metal continuous casting mold
  • FIG. 3 is a grid diagram of the curved surface of the inner cavity of the wide-face copper plate of the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a horizontal direction curve diagram (any section) of the inner cavity of the wide-face copper plate of the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a horizontal derivative curve (corresponding to the curve in FIG. 4) of the first-order derivative of the inner cavity of the wide-face copper plate of the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention. Its first derivative changes continuously across the graph;
  • FIG. 6 is a horizontal derivative curve (corresponding to the curve in FIG. 4) of the second-order derivative of the inner cavity of the wide-face copper plate of the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention. Its second derivative changes continuously across the graph;
  • FIG. 7 is a curve diagram of the curvature of the inner cavity of the wide-face copper plate of the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention along the horizontal direction (corresponding to the curve in FIG. 4). Its curvature changes continuously throughout the graph;
  • FIG. 8 is a vertical direction curve diagram (any cross section) of the inner cavity of the wide-face copper plate of the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a curve of the first-order derivative of the inner cavity of the wide-face copper plate of the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention (corresponding to the curve in FIG. 8); the first-derivative curve of the first-order derivative continuously changes over the entire graph;
  • FIG. 10 is a vertical curve (corresponding to the curve in FIG. 8) of the second-order derivative curve of the inner cavity of the wide-face copper plate of the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention; the second-order derivative continuously changes over the entire graph;
  • FIG. 11 is a curve diagram of the curvature of the inner cavity of the wide-face copper plate of the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention along the vertical direction (corresponding to the curve in FIG. 8); the curve of its curvature changes continuously over the entire graph;
  • FIG. 12 is the difference between the arc line and the straight line segment of the inner cavity outline of the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention (different heights along the continuous casting mold);
  • FIG. 13 Comparison of upper curve of existing continuous casting mold and continuous prayer mold (horizontal direction);
  • Fig. 14 Comparison of first derivative of upper curve of existing continuous casting mold and continuous prayer mold (horizontal direction);
  • Figure 15 Comparison of the second derivative of the upper curve of the existing continuous casting mold and continuous casting mold (horizontal direction);
  • Figure 16 Comparison of the curvature of the upper curve of the existing continuous casting mold and continuous casting mold (horizontal direction);
  • Figure 17 Comparison of the center curve between the existing continuous casting mold and the continuous casting mold (vertical direction);
  • Figure 18 Comparison of the first derivative of the center curve of the existing continuous casting mold and the continuous casting mold (vertical direction);
  • Figure 19 Comparison of the second derivative of the center curve of the continuous casting mold and the continuous casting mold (vertical direction);
  • Figure 10 Comparison of the curvature of the center curve of the existing continuous casting mold and the continuous casting mold (vertical direction); ⁇ Figure 21 Horizontal section coordinate system of the continuous casting mold First picture
  • FIG. 22 is the first diagram of the vertical section coordinate system of the continuous casting mold
  • Fig. 23 is a second view of the horizontal section coordinate system of the continuous casting mold.
  • the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention is composed of two wide and water-cooled copper plates 1, 2 and two narrow-faced water-cooled copper plates 3, 4 opposite each other; two wide and water-cooled copper plates 1, 2 points
  • Upper and lower parts The lower part is a vertical plane that is parallel to each other and separated by a certain distance (that is, the wide and flat part of the lower part of the water-cooled copper plate 1, 2).
  • the vertical plane may also be absent.
  • the upper part is open upward and widened outward. For inclined surfaces, the maximum inclination angle ⁇ of the inclined surfaces is less than 12 °.
  • Two narrow-faced water-cooled copper plates 2 and 4 are planes placed opposite each other, thereby forming the upper funnel-shaped pouring area 5 and the lower cavity area 7 of the continuous casting mold; and an immersion nozzle 6.
  • the inner cavity of the upper funnel part of each wide-face water-cooled copper plate 1, 2 is at different levels along the continuous casting mold.
  • the cross-sectional profile curve is composed of a middle curve segment and a straight line segment connected to both ends of the curve segment.
  • the straight line segment connected to both ends of the curve segment may be omitted.
  • On the entire horizontal cross-section profile curve (including the straight line section) the first derivative of the curve continuously changes, the second derivative continuously changes, and the curvature continuously changes.
  • the vertical cross-sectional profile curve of the inner cavity of each of the wide-face water-cooled copper plates 1, 2 at different horizontal positions along the continuous casting mold consists of a curved segment in the middle and an inclined straight segment connected to the upper end of the curved segment and a vertical connected to the lower end.
  • the shape of the inner cavity curved surface of the wide-surface copper plates 1 and 2 of the continuous casting mold includes a curved portion and a planar portion whose curvature continuously changes at any point.
  • the inner cavity of the upper funnel part of each wide-face water-cooled copper plate 1, 2 along the horizontal cross-section profile curve at different heights of the continuous casting mold gradually decreases in total length from top to bottom, and is consistent with the solidification shrinkage of the billet.
  • the area surrounded by abcdef is the curved part of the wide-face copper plate of the continuous casting mold, and the rest is a flat portion; the area surrounded by acgf is the straight line of the wide-face copper plate of the continuous casting mold along the vertical direction of the continuous casting mold.
  • the part of the curved surface formed; the area surrounded by gdef is the curved part of the continuous casting mold wide-surface copper plate formed by a curve along the vertical direction of the continuous casting mold.
  • H is the maximum opening height of the continuous casting mold
  • L is the opening width of the continuous casting mold
  • D is the maximum height at the end of the funnel curved surface in the vertical direction of the continuous casting mold
  • D-d is a straight line along the vertical direction of the continuous casting mold.
  • the height of the funnel surface, D + do is the total height of the continuous casting mold, and B is the total width of the continuous casting mold.
  • the midpoint 0 of de is selected as the coordinate origin.
  • the 3D model function is required to be solved, which can be converted into a 2D function to solve, and then superimposed.
  • a coordinate system as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 21 is established.
  • the inner cavity of the upper funnel part of each wide-face water-cooled copper plate along the horizontal cross-section profile curve at different heights of the continuous casting mold is composed of a middle curve segment and a straight line segment connected to both ends of the curve segment.
  • the origin of the coordinates is taken from the position in the figure, that is, the sound line at the 1/2 position of the ground line segment opened in the X direction along the X direction and the line connected at both ends of the line segment taken in the y direction are the coordinate origin.
  • the inner cavity of the upper funnel part of each wide-face water-cooled copper plate along the horizontal root cross-section profile curve (including the straight part) at different heights of the continuous casting mold has a continuous change in curvature, that is, the curvature at the point where the curve is connected to the straight line is equal.
  • An inclined straight line segment connected at the upper end and a vertical straight line segment connected at the lower end are formed.
  • the coordinate origin takes the position in the figure, that is, the lower end of the curve segment is taken as the origin.
  • the constraint condition for this equation is that the two ends (m and ⁇ ) of the curve and the straight line have the same value in the y direction as the straight line segment, and their first and second derivatives are the same as the straight line segment.
  • the total depth D of the funnel is 700mm, and the depth d at the end of the straight line of the funnel is 100mm. It is assumed that the height of the funnel along the y direction is kf (x) at the end of the straight line, and the height of the continuous casting mold is f (x). The value of k is 0.12. For example, f (x) takes the maximum value of 50mm along the center of the curve on the continuous casting mold.
  • the maximum value H in the y direction is 50, and the opening span L in the x direction is 900.
  • the formula -6.02 10-1 1 1 ⁇ 2 6 + 1.66 10— 1 1 x 5 — 1.46 X 10— 8 x 4 + 4.39 X 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 3 .
  • the contour curve can also be required to satisfy the third derivative, the fourth derivative, and even higher derivative continuous, so that a higher order polynomial can be determined as the equation of the curve part in the contour curve.
  • Water-cooled copper The inner cavity of the middle funnel part along the continuous casting mold at different levels of the cross-sectional profile curve and the line if (where p and q points) meet the third derivative continuous is taken as an example to illustrate. Referring to FIG. 4 and FIG.
  • ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 4 are the opening degrees of the continuous casting mold at different heights.
  • the figure is composed of a curved segment in the middle and a straight segment connected to both ends.
  • the straight segment connected to both ends of the curve may not be available. If there are no straight line segments, the curve determination method can still follow the above method, as long as the straight line segments at both ends are sufficient.
  • the inner cavity of the wide-face copper plate of the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention changes along the horizontal curve (corresponding to the curve in FIG. 4).
  • the first derivative curve continuously changes over the entire graph.
  • the inner cavity of the wide-face copper plate of the metal continuous casting mold according to the present invention changes continuously along the horizontal curve (corresponding to the curve in FIG. 4).
  • the curvature of the inner cavity of the wide-face copper plate of the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention along the horizontal curve continuously changes over the entire graph.
  • L1-L4 in the figure are different positions of the continuous casting mold in the horizontal direction.
  • the figure is composed of a curved section in the middle, an inclined straight section connected to the upper end of the curved section, and a vertical straight section connected to the lower end.
  • the vertical straight section in the lower part of the continuous casting mold connected to the lower end of the curve may also be omitted. If the straight line segment is not available, the curve determination method can still follow the above method, as long as the vertical straight line segment at the virtual end is sufficient.
  • the inner cavity of the wide-face copper plate of the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention changes along the vertical curve (corresponding to the curve in FIG. 8), and the first derivative continuously changes over the entire graph.
  • the inner cavity of the wide-face copper plate of the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention follows a vertical curve (corresponding to the curve in FIG. 8).
  • the second derivative continuously changes over the entire graph.
  • the inner cavity of the wide-face copper plate of the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention follows a vertical curve (corresponding to the curve in FIG. 8).
  • the change in curvature continuously changes over the entire figure.
  • the inner cavity contour curve of the metal continuous casting mold of the present invention (different heights along the continuous casting mold) The difference between the arc line and the straight line segment of the wide-surface arc is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and along the continuous casting The uneven shrinkage of the mold in the direction of the horizontal root city and the length of the contour curve changes to a white line. The solidification shrinkage remains consistent.
  • FIG. 13 a comparison between the horizontal direction of the upper curve of the existing continuous casting mold and the continuous casting mold is shown in FIG. 14.
  • a comparison of the first derivative of the horizontal direction of the upper curve of the existing continuous casting mold and the continuous casting mold is shown in FIG. 15.
  • the ratio of the length of the horizontal cross-section profile curve of the upper mouth of the continuous casting mold to the length connecting the two ends of the curve is between 1.02 and 1.15.
  • the length of the horizontal cross-section profile curve along the height direction of the continuous casting mold changes into a curved uneven shrinkage.
  • the ratio of the upper opening width to the lower opening width of the two narrow-faced water-cooled copper plates 3 and 4 is 1.0-1.05.
  • four water-cooled copper plates are assembled together to form a continuous casting mold according to the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)

Description

一种水冷的金属连铸结晶器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种水冷的金属连铸结晶器， 具体地说， 涉及适用于金属薄 板坯连续铸造的水冷的金属连铸结晶器。 背景技术
薄板坯连铸结晶器的铜板曲面部分的形状尺寸主要由铸坯的横断面、 浇 注水口形状尺寸和浇注水口的浸入深度确定。
由于薄板坯连铸结晶器宽面铜板形状为曲面， 所以在浇注方向上不仅发 生了铸坯横截面的缩小，. 同时也发生了铸坯横截面的变形。 因此与常见的平 行板连铸结晶器不同的是， 坯壳在经过连铸结晶器铜板曲面部分时被迫承受 附加变形， 这可能造成铸坯缺陷。
众所周知， 与平板式连铸结晶器其铸坯收缩通过连铸结晶器窄面铜板的 倾斜或称调整锥度得到补偿有所不同， 在由带有曲面形状的铜板组成的连铸 结晶器中， 沿浇注方向的收编曲线是非常重要的。 可以通过设训一连铸结晶 器铜板曲面的水平或正直轮廓进行分配铸坯所承受的变形以抑制铸坯缺陷的 形成。
连铸结晶器内腔的核剖面轮廓曲线的周长在浇注方向的收缩率必须等于 或稍小于坯壳的凝固收缩率。 如果其大于坯壳的凝区收缩率， 则坯壳必须承 受附加变形， 也无法保证坯壳和连铸结晶器壁之间的均勾接触， 出现了坯壳 制度过高或过低的区域， 坯壳出现裂紋缺陷的可能性增加， 或者使拉坯阻力 过大， 甚至把坯壳拉断、 导致连铸结晶器过度的不均匀磨损， 降低连铸结晶 器铜板的使用寿命。 如果其远小于还壳的凝固收缩率， 在连铸结晶器内壁与 坯壳之间形成过大的间隙， 增加传热热阻， 使本已凝固的坯壳受再加热而熔 化， 从而因热应力而引起缺陷。
中国专利 CN95106714. 1及欧洲专利 EP0552501及德国专利 DE3907351A1 公开几种连续铸造薄板坯用连铸结晶器， 宽面水冷铜板的上部分为倾斜的光 滑曲面， 下部分为垂直平面； 连铸结晶器的上部分为漏斗形浇注区， 下半部 分为漏斗形腔区。 宽面的水平横截面曲线由彼此相切的三段内凹外凸弧线组 成 （三段圆弧外侧有与之相切的直线段或没有） ； 三段弧线中各点的曲率半 径自上而下逐渐增大。
中国专利 CN98126914. 1与 CN98125062.9公开了几种连续铸造薄板坯 用连铸结晶器的浇口形状， 主要考虑了在连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔水平轮廓 预定的情况下， 通过设计垂直轮廓改善连铸结晶器在浇注方向上的收缩曲线。 规定自连铸结晶器上口至连铸结晶器下口平行段可以是凸或凹、 凸转换的曲 线； 该曲线由圆弧形曲线或三角形曲线 （如正弦曲线） 构成。
如上所述的薄板坯连铸结晶器， 尽管分别考虑了连铸结晶器内腔水平方 向和垂直方向轮廓曲线的光滑， 但仅在一阶导数情况下连续 （即曲线与曲线 相切、 曲线与直线相切） ， 这些切点处仍然为奇异点即应力集中点。 坯壳在 连铸结晶器中凝固收缩及向下运动时， 仍不可避免的受到应力， 致使证壳产 生裂紋。
现有的漏斗型连铸结晶器存在以下问题：
1. 薄板坯的水平方向和垂直方向都存在着应力。
2. 因连铸结晶器内腔形状对凝固坯壳产生应力而产生坯壳表面裂紋缺 陷， 裂紋缺陷出现率高达 2 % (纵裂及横裂） 。
3. 由于薄板坯的水平方向和垂亘方向都存在应力， 致使连铸钢种受到限 制， 如不能生产包晶钢。
4. 连铸结晶器局部不均匀磨损， 降低其使用寿命。
5. 较面的连何结晶器使用成本。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种水冷的金属连铸结晶器， 以克服凝固坯壳收 缩不够均匀、 应力集中的技术问题， 使之达到铸坯表面质量好， 消除铸坯表 面缺陷、 减少连铸结晶器非均匀磨损、 延长连铸结晶器的使用寿命。
针对上述目的， 本发明的技术方案如下：
一种水冷的金属连铸结晶器， 由左右对称布置的两块窄面水冷铜板和前 后对称布置的两块宽面水冷铜板组成； 所述连结晶器的内腔上部为浇注区， 下部为形腔区， 其浇注区自上而下沿浇注方向呈漏斗形逐渐收缩成形腔区的 形状， 即铸坯的形状； 窄面水冷铜板的内腔面为光滑平面； 宽面水冷铜板的 内腔面在所述浇注区部分为曲面； 在所述形腔区部分为平面， 所述的宽面水 冷钢的内腔面的曲面部分和平面部分为连续光滑表面； 该连铸结晶器的顶面 中心点 (参阅图 1 ) 为中心轴线与浇注区顶面的交点； 所述的宽面水冷铜板 的内腔面的曲面部分是由这样的一些点 P组成的， 该点 P是两条曲线， 曲线 1 和曲线 2的交点， 其中曲线 1位于沿该连铸结晶器中心轴线的不同高度的水 平横截面上， 左右对称， 该曲线的最高点离中心轴线的距离为 H+h， 该曲线 的最低点离中心轴线的距离为 h; 曲线在靠近所述的左右布置的窄面水冷铜板 的两端为直线段， 该直线段长度为 lfl， 中间为曲线段， 该曲线段的宽度为 L， 其两端点分别为点 P和点 q; 曲线 2位于平行于窄面水冷铜板的纵截面上， 其 上部为一倾斜直线段、 中间为一曲线段， 他们的交点为点111， 斜率为 k， 最下 面为平行于中心轴线的垂直直线段， 该直线段长度为 d。， 其与前述曲线段的 交点为点 n， 在所述连铸结晶器中， 曲线 2的总高度为 D + c^ 点 m与点 n之 间的距离以在中心轴线上的投影长度计算则为山 当选用图 3中的 O为坐标原 点时， 其中， 曲线 1满足
方程 , 其中 n最小值为 6， a-fi (H， L) ； 满足 p,q两点处二阶导
Figure imgf000005_0001
数连续； 其中曲线 2满足方程 ^)= ,^， ， 其中最小值为 5， brft (D, d,
7=0 k) fj满足 m，n两点处二阶导数连续。 与现有技术相比， 本发明有如下优点：
1 . 由于连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔曲面形状包括平面部分和曲面部分在任 意一点的曲率连续变化， 因此避免了坯壳在运动变形和收缩过程中产生局部 的应力集中。
2. 由于每个宽面水冷铜板上部漏斗部分内腔沿连铸结晶器不同高度的水 平横截面轮廓曲线总长度自上而下方向逐渐减少， 且与坯壳的凝固收缩保持 一致， 使凝固坯壳的变形阻力更小。
3. 该连铸结晶器用于金属逄铸时坯壳不容易出现裂紋。 4. 该连铸结晶器用于金属连铸时连铸结晶器铜板不容易产生不均匀磨 损， 可处长连铸结晶器板使用寿命。
5. 该连铸结晶器不仅适用于浇注一般的钢材， 还适合于浇注凝固过程中 收缩过渡的包晶型钢和奥氏体不镜钢。 附图说明 . ■ 图 1为金属连铸结晶器俯视图；
图 2为金属连铸结晶器侧视图；
图 3为本发明金属连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔曲面形成网格图；
图 4为本发明金属连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔沿水平方向曲线图 （任一截 面） ； .
图 5为本发明金属连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔沿水平方向曲线 （对应于图 4 中曲线） 一阶导数曲线图。 其一阶导数在整个图形上连续变化；
图 6为本发明金属连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔沿水平方向曲线 （对应于图 4 中曲线） 二阶导数曲线图。 其二阶导数在整个图形上连续变化；
图 7为本发明金属连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔沿水平方向曲线 （对应于图 4 中曲线） 曲率变化曲线图。 其曲率在整个图形上连续变化；
图 8为本发明金属连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔沿垂直方向曲线图 （任一截 面） ；
图 9为本发明金属连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔沿垂直方向曲线 （对应于附 图 8中曲线） 一阶导数曲线图； 其一阶导数在整个图形上连续变化；
图 10为本发明金属连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔沿垂直方向曲线 （对应于图 8中曲线） 二阶导数曲线图； 其二阶导数在整个图形上连续变化；
图 1 1为本发明金属连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔沿垂直方向曲线 （对应于图 8中曲线） 曲率变化曲线图； 其收率在整个图形上连续变化；
图 12为本发明金属连铸结晶器内腔轮廓加线 （沿连铸结晶器不同高度） 弧线与直线段的差值；
图 13现有连铸结晶器与连祷结晶器上口曲线对比 （水平方向） ； 图 14现有连铸结晶器与连祷结晶器上口曲线一阶导数对比 （水平方向） ； 图 15现有连铸结晶器与连铸结晶器上口曲线二阶导数对比 （水平方向） ； 图 16现有连铸结晶器与连铸结晶器上口曲线曲率对比 （水平方向） ； 图 17现有连铸结晶器与连铸结晶器中心曲线对比 （垂直方向） ； 图 18现有连铸结晶器与连铸结晶器中心曲线一阶导数对比 （垂直方向） ； 图 19现有连铸结晶器与连铸结晶器中心曲线二阶导数对比 （垂直方向） ； 图 10现有连铸结晶器与连铸结晶器中心曲线曲率对比 （垂直方向） ； ■ 图 21连铸结晶器水平截面坐标系第一图；
图 22连铸结晶器垂直截面坐标系第一图；
图 23连铸结晶器水平截面坐标系第二图。
. 图中标号和符号说明
1、 2—宽面水冷铜板
3、 40—窄面水冷铜板
5—浇注区
6—浸入式水口
7—下部形腔区
Θ—倾斜曲面最大倾角 具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明的方法、 特点及效果， 现通过以下较佳实施例并 配合附图进行说明。
参阅图 1和图 2， 本发明金属连铸结晶器由两块彼此和对的宽而水冷铜板 1、 2和两块窄面水冷铜板 3、 4组成； 两块宽而水冷铜板 1、 2分上、 下两部 分： 下部分为相互平行并相隔一定距离的垂直平面 （即宽而水冷铜板 1、 2下 部分的平面部分） ， 该垂直平面也可没有； 上部分为向上敞开向外展宽的倾 斜曲面， 倾斜曲面最大倾角 Θ小于 12°。 两块窄面水冷铜板 2、 4为彼此相对放 置的平面， 由此组成连铸结晶器上部漏斗形浇注区 5和下部形腔区 7 ; 还有浸 入式水口 6。
每个宽面水冷铜板 1、 2上部漏斗部分内腔沿连铸结晶器不同高度的水平 横截面轮廓曲线， 由中间的一段曲线段和与曲线段两端相连的直线段构成， 曲线段两端相连的直线段也可以没有。 在上述整个水平横截面轮廓曲线上 （包 括直线段部分） 该条曲线的一阶导数连续变化、 二阶导数连续变化、 曲率连 续变化。 每个宽面水冷铜板 1、 2中部漏斗部分内腔沿连铸结晶器不同水平位 置的垂直横截面轮廓曲线， 由中间的一段曲线段和与曲线段上端相连的倾斜 直线段和下端相连的垂直直线段构成， 连铸结晶器下部的垂直直线段也可以 ■ 没有。 在上述整个垂直横截面轮廓曲线上 （包括直线段部分） 该条曲线的一 阶导数连续变化、 二阶导数连续变化、 曲率连续变化。 即整个连铸结晶器宽 面铜板 1、 2内腔曲面形状包括曲面部分和平面部分在任意一点曲率连续变化。 每个宽面水冷铜板 1、 2上部漏斗部分内腔沿连铸结晶器不同高度的水平横截 面轮廓曲线总长度自上而下方向逐渐减少， 且与坯壳的凝固收缩保持一致。
下面详细说明本发明的连铸结晶器宽面水冷铜板表面的形状及确定方 法。
参阅图 3， abcdef所包围的区域为连铸结晶器宽面铜板的曲面部分， 其余 部分为平面部分； acgf所包围的区域为连铸结晶器宽面铜板的沿连铸结晶器 垂直方向用直线构成的曲面部分； gdef所包围的区域为连铸结晶器宽面铜板 的沿连铸结晶器垂直方向用曲线构成的曲面部分。 H为连铸结晶器最大开口高 度， L为连铸结晶器开口宽度， D为漏斗曲面沿连铸结晶器垂直方向结束时的 最大高度， D— d为沿连铸结晶器垂直方向用直线构成漏斗曲面的高度， D + do 为连铸结晶器总高度， B为连铸结晶器的总宽度。 为了制造工艺的方便， 在确 定宽面水冷铜板的表面形状时， 选定图中 de的中点 0作为坐标原点。 要求解 该三维模型函数， 可将其转化为二维函数求解， 然后进行叠加处理。
连铸结晶器水平方向轮廓曲线， 建立如图 4和图 21所示的坐标系。 每个 宽面水冷铜板上部漏斗部分内腔沿连铸结晶器不同高度的水平横截面轮廓曲 线， 由中间的一段曲线段和与曲线段两端相连的直线段构成。 坐标原点取图 中位置， 即 X方向取地线段沿 X方向开口的 1 / 2位置的声线与 y方向取的线 段两端相连直线均交点为坐标原点。 该方程所受的约束条件为， 曲线与直线 相连的两端 （p与 q点） ， 其 y方向取值与直线段相同， 且其一阶导数与二阶 导数与直线段相同， 曲线段沿 X方向开口的 1 / 2处， y方向取得最大值 H; 且一阶导数为 0; 如工艺上要求沿 x方向开口跨度 L为 900， y方向取得最大 值 H为 50。 根据如上约束条件， 可得到连铸结晶器上口水平方向轮廓曲线公 式 y= -6.02 X 10— 15x6 + 3.66 X 10— 9 X4— 7.41 X 10— 4x2 + 50的形式。 从而使每个 宽面水冷铜板上部漏斗部分内腔沿连铸结晶器不同高度的水平根截面轮廓曲 线 （包括直线部分） ， 其曲率连续变化， 即在曲线与直线相连点的曲率相等。
建立如图 8和图 22所示的坐标系， 每个宽而水冷铜板中部漏斗部分内腔 沿连铸结晶器不同水平位置的垂亘横截面轮廓曲线， 由中间的一段曲线段和 与曲线段上端相连的倾斜直线段和下端相连的垂亘直线段构成。 坐标原点取 图中位置， 即以曲线段的下端为原点。 该方程所受的约束条件为， 曲线与直 线相连的两端 （m与 η) ， 其 y方向取值与直线段相同， 且其一阶导数与二阶 导数与直线段相同。 漏斗总深度 D取值 700mm， 漏斗直线段结束时的深度 d 取值 100mm, 假定直线段结束时漏斗沿 y方向高度为 kf(x)， 连铸结晶器上沿 y方向高度为 f(x)， k取值 0.12如 f(x)取连铸结晶器上沿曲线中心的最大值 50mm, 得到连铸结晶器漏斗部分中心部位垂直方向曲线段的公式为 y=1.40 X 10-V-3.87 X 10-7z4+ 3.07 X 10-V的形式及与曲线段上端相连的倾斜直线段的方 程为 y= 7.33 X 10— 2z— 1.33。 从而使每个宽面水冷铜板中部漏斗部分内腔沿连 铸结晶器不同水平位置的垂直横截面轮廓曲线 （包括直线部分） ， 其曲率连 续变化。
如果建立不同的坐标系， 上述求解最终得出的函数形式会发生变化。 但 该函数形式仍然符合如下函数关系， §卩 j^aQ+a!x+asxS+asX^a^A+asxS+asX0,;^ y=b0+b , z+b2z2+b3z3-l-b4z4+b5z5+b6z6 0 现仅以每个宽面水冷铜板中部漏斗部分内 腔沿连铸结晶器不同水平的模截面轮廓曲线来建立不同的坐标系求解为例， 进行说明。 参阅图 23建立坐标系， y方向最大值 H为 50， 沿 x方向开口跨度 L为 900。 根据曲线与两直线交点 （p及 q点） 的二阶导数连续的约束条件， 得到公式= -6.02 10一1½6+ 1.66 10—1 1 x5— 1.46 X 10—8x4 + 4.39 X 10·6χ3。
通过上述详细说明以及结合附图进行的对比可知， 轮廓曲线如果满足了 二阶导数连续这个条件， 则连铸结晶器的性能有很大提高。 同样， 还可以要 求轮廓曲线满足三阶导数、 四阶导数甚至更高阶导数连续， 从而可以确定更 高阶次的多项式作为轮廓曲线中曲线部分的方程。 现仅以每个宽面水冷铜板 中部漏斗部分内腔沿连铸结晶器不同水平的横截面轮廓曲线与直线 if连处 （p 及 q点） 满足三阶导数连续为例， 进行说明。 参阅图 4和图 21建立坐标系， y方向最大值 H为 50, 沿 X方向开口跨度 L为 900。 根据曲线与两直线交点 (p及 q点）处的三阶导数连续的约束条件， 得到公式 y=2.97 X 10— 2Gx8— 2.41 X 10— 14 x4+7.32 X 10— 9x4-9.88 X 10.4x2 + 50。
参阅图 4， 图中 Η1〜Η4为连铸结晶器不同高度情况下的开口度。 该图形 为由中间的一段曲线段和两端与之相连的直线段构成， 曲线两端相连的直线 段也可以没有。 若直线段没有， 曲线确定方法仍然可以按照上述方法， 只要 虚拟两端的直线段就可以了。
参阅图 5， 本发明的金属连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔沿水平方向曲线 （对应 于图 4中曲线） 一阶导数曲线在整个图形上连续变化。
参阅图 6， 本发明的金属连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔沿水平方向曲线 （对应 于图 4中曲线） 二阶导数曲线在整个图形上连续变化。
参阅图 7， 本发明的金属连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔沿水平方向曲线 （对应 于图 4中曲线） 的曲率在整个图形上连续变化。
参阅图 8， 图中 L1—L4为连铸结晶器水平方向不同的位置。 该图形为由 中间的一段曲线段和与曲线段上端相连的倾斜直线段和下端相连的垂直直线 段构成， 与曲线下端相连的连铸结晶器下部的垂直直线段也可以没有。 若该 直线段没有， 曲线确定方法仍然可以按照上述方法， 只要虚拟这端的垂直直 线段就可以了。
参阅图 9， 本发明的金属连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔沿垂直方向曲线 （对应 于图 8中曲线） 一阶导数在整个图形上连续变化。
参阅图 10， 本发明的金属连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔沿垂直方向曲线 （对 应于图 8中曲线） 二阶导数在整个图形上连续变化。
参阅图 11， 本发明的金属连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔沿垂直方向曲线 （对 应于图 8中曲线） 曲率变化在整个图形上连续变化。
参阅图 12， 本发明的金属连铸结晶器内腔轮廓曲线 （沿连铸结晶器不同 高度） 弧线与直线段的差输宽面弧线总长度自上而下逐渐减少， 且沿连铸结 晶器高度方向水平根城而轮廓曲线长度变化为白线形的不均匀收缩， 与坯壳 的凝固收缩保持一致。
再根据图 13， 现有连铸结晶器与连铸结晶器上口曲线水平方向的对比， 图 14， 现有连铸结晶器与连铸结晶器上口曲线水平方向一阶导数对比， 图 15， 现有连铸结晶器与连铸结晶器上口曲线水平方向二阶导数对比， 图 16， 现有 连铸结晶器与连铸结晶器上口曲线水平方向曲率对比； 以及图 17， 现有连铸 结晶器与连铸结晶器中心曲线垂直方向对比， 图 18， 现有连铸结晶器与连祷 结晶器中心曲线垂直方向一阶导数对比， 图 19， 现有连铸结晶器与连铸结晶 器中心曲线垂直方向二阶导数对比， 图 20， 现有连铸结晶器与连铸结晶器中 心曲线垂直方向曲率对比后， 可以看出， 现有连铸结晶器内腔曲面曲线仅一 阶导数连续； 而本发明的连铸结晶器内腔曲面曲线一阶导数、 二阶导数都连 续， 这就解决了如前所述的技术问题。
优选地， 连铸结晶器上口水平横截面轮廓曲线长度与曲线两端相连的长 度之比为 1.02—1.15之间。 且沿连铸结晶器高度方向水平横截面轮廓曲线长 度变化为曲线形的不均匀收缩。
优选地， 两块窄面水冷铜板 3、 4上口宽度与下口宽度之比为 1.0— 1.05。 实施本发明时， 首选按照本发明连铸结晶器的形状和尺寸要求， 分别将 两块宽面水冷铜板和两块窄面水冷铜板加工好， 之后， 按照宽面水冷铜板与 窄面水冷铜板的位置要求， 将四块水冷铜板装配在一起， 即成为本发明所述 的连铸结晶器。
需要注意的是， 以上所述的， 仅为本发明的较佳实施方式之一， 并非用 以限定本发明的范围， 即几是依据本发明申请的权利要求书及说明书内容所 作的简单、 等效变化与修饰， 皆落入本发明专利的保护范围。

Claims

权 '利 要 求
1 . 一种水冷的金属连铸结晶器， 由左右对称布置的两块窄面水冷铜板和 前后对称布置的两块宽面水冷铜板组成； 所述连结晶器的内腔上部为浇注区， 下部为形腔区， 其浇注区自上而下沿浇注方向呈漏斗形逐渐收缩成形腔区的 形状， 即铸坯的形状； 窄面水冷铜板的内腔面为光滑平面； 宽面水冷铜板的 内腔面在所述浇注区部分为曲面； 在所述形腔区部分为平面， 所述的宽面水 冷钢的内腔面的曲面部分和平面部分为连续光滑表面； 该连铸结晶器的顶面 中心点 01为中心轴线与浇注区顶面的交点；
其特征在于： 所述的宽面水冷铜板的内腔面的曲面部分是由这样的一些 点 P组成， 该点 P是两条曲线， 曲线 1和曲线 2的交点，
其中曲线 1位于沿该连铸结晶器中心轴线的不同高度的水平横截面上， 左右对称， 该曲线的最高点离中心轴线的距离为 H+h， 该曲线的最低点离中 心轴线的距离为 h; 曲线在靠近所述的左右布置的窄面水冷铜板的两端为直线 段， 该直线段长度为 1Q， 中间为曲线段， 该曲线段的宽度为 L， 其两端点分别 为点 禾口点 q;
曲线 2位于平行于窄面水冷铜板的纵截面上， 其上部为一倾斜直线段、 中间为一曲线段， 他们的交点为点 m， 斜率为 k， 最下面为平行于中心轴线的 垂直直线段， 该直线段长度为 d。， 其与前述曲线段的交点为点 n， 在所述连铸 结晶器中， 曲线 2的总高度为 D + dQ， 点 m与点 n之间的距离以在中心轴线 上的投影长度计算则为 d;
其中， 曲线 1满足方程 ^)=^ ^'， 其中 n最小值为 6， ( H, L)； ff
=0 满足 p,q两点处二阶导数连续； 其中曲线 2满足方程 f(z)= Z ， 其中最小值为 5， b-f, ( D, d， k) 满足 两点处二阶导数连续。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的水冷的金属连铸结晶器， 其特征在于， 所述 1。为 0。
3. 如权利要求 2所述的水冷的金属连铸结晶器， 其特征在于， 所述 (¾为
0。
4. 如权利要求 1至 3中任一权利要求所述的水冷的金属连铸结晶器， 其 特征在于， 连铸结晶器水平方向横截面轮廓曲线的曲线部分方程为： f(x)= a0+a1x+a2x2+a3x3+a4x4+a5x5+a6x6。
5. 如权利要求 1至 3中任一权利要求所述的水冷的金属连铸结晶器， 其 特征在于， 连铸结晶器垂直方向纵截面轮廓曲线的曲线部分方程为： f(z)= b0+b] z+b2z2+b3z3+b4z4+b5z5。
6. 如权利要求 1至 3中任一权利要求所述的水冷的金属连铸结晶器， 其 特征在于， p,q两点处三阶以上导数连续。
7. 如权利要求 1至 3中任一权利要求所述的水冷的金属连铸结晶器， 其 特征在于， m， n两点处三上导数连续。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的水冷的金属连铸结晶器， 其特征在于， 连铸结晶 器上口水平横截面轮廓曲线长度与曲线两端相连的长度之比为 1.02— 1.15之 间， 且沿连铸结晶器高度方向水平横截面轮廓曲线长度变化为曲线形的不均 匀收缩。
9. 如权利要求 1所述的水冷的金属连铸结晶器， 其特征在于， 每个宽面 水冷铜板向上张开向外展宽的倾斜面的最大倾斜角小于 12°。
10. 如权利要求 1所述的水冷的金属连铸结晶器， 其特征在于， 两块窄 面水冷铜板上口宽度与下口宽度之比为 1.0— 1.05。
PCT/CN2004/001063 2004-01-17 2004-09-20 Moule a refroidissement par l'eau pour coulee continue d'un metal Ceased WO2005075131A1 (fr)

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EP04762196A EP1716941B1 (en) 2004-01-17 2004-09-20 Water-cooling mold for metal continuous casting
US10/585,963 US7891405B2 (en) 2004-01-17 2004-09-20 Water-cooling mold for metal continuous casting
DE602004026926T DE602004026926D1 (de) 2004-01-17 2004-09-20 Wasserkühlform für metallstranggiessen
JP2006548070A JP5006652B2 (ja) 2004-01-17 2004-09-20 水冷式金属連続鋳造用鋳型
AT04762196T ATE465834T1 (de) 2004-01-17 2004-09-20 Wasserkühlform für metallstranggiessen

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CN111085667B (zh) * 2019-12-30 2021-05-14 清华大学 镂空铸型或镂空砂芯的光滑内腔的设计方法
CN115870461B (zh) * 2023-01-09 2023-05-12 北京科技大学 用于高、低碳钢快换的连铸结晶器及其设计方法和高、低碳钢快换连铸的方法
CN116628879B (zh) * 2023-05-23 2024-08-20 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 一种薄板坯连铸机漏斗型结晶器型腔模型的建立方法

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US20080283213A1 (en) 2008-11-20
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JP2007517667A (ja) 2007-07-05
DE602004026926D1 (de) 2010-06-10
US7891405B2 (en) 2011-02-22
KR100781317B1 (ko) 2007-11-30
JP5006652B2 (ja) 2012-08-22
ATE465834T1 (de) 2010-05-15
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CN1640581A (zh) 2005-07-20
EP1716941B1 (en) 2010-04-28

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