WO2005071609A1 - 制約条件解決方法、制約条件解決装置、及び制約条件解決システム - Google Patents
制約条件解決方法、制約条件解決装置、及び制約条件解決システム Download PDFInfo
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- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/04—Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an efficient solution to a problem composed of arbitrary constraint conditions, and particularly to a constraint condition in which a procedure of constraint propagation is considered and a constraint condition that can be executed only by setting variable values.
- the present invention relates to a solution method, a constraint solution device, and a constraint solution system.
- the user only has to describe the constraints and wait for the solution to be output, but on the other hand, it has a feature that the CPU cannot interfere with the procedure of performing the data processing. are doing.
- the procedural programming method is mainly used among the two roughly divided programming methods described above.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-3548
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9 81387
- the declarative programming technique requires at least a description of a constraint and a data value used in the constraint, and when applied to an actual problem, the constraint and data Will be very large.
- X, X, ⁇ , X is a combinatorial optimization problem that minimizes the value. That is, as shown in FIG.
- the computer searches for data that satisfies all constraints simultaneously.
- an object of the present invention is to reliably solve a target problem that does not describe an algorithm that is a data processing procedure on a computer in a short calculation time.
- a constraint solving method includes a constraint input process in which a user inputs a constraint in which a process procedure of constraint propagation relating to a target problem is taken into consideration, and a constraint input by the constraint input.
- a variable value setting process for setting an initial value or a variable value of a variable to be used, and a constraint condition related to the value set by the variable value setting process is extracted from the constraint conditions input by the constraint condition input process. Substituting the initial value or the variable value of the variable into all the constraints extracted by the constraint extraction processing, based on the constraint propagation processing procedure considered by the user.
- the constraint solution calculation process for calculating the solution of the constraint condition, and the solution calculated by the constraint solution calculation process are set as new fluctuation values in the variable value setting process.
- the constraint condition solving method of the present invention includes a constraint condition input process for inputting a constraint condition, a variable value setting process for setting a value of a variable used for the constraint condition input by the constraint condition input process, A constraint condition extraction process for extracting, from the constraint conditions input by the constraint condition input process, a constraint condition related to the value set by the variable value setting process, and a constraint condition extraction process of the constraint condition extracted by the constraint condition extraction process.
- a constraint condition solving device includes a constraint condition input means for inputting a constraint condition in which a processing procedure of constraint propagation relating to a target problem is considered by a user, and a constraint condition input device for the constraint condition input means.
- a variable value setting means for setting an initial value or a variable value of a variable to be used, and a constraint condition relating to the value set by the variable value setting means is extracted from the constraint conditions inputted by the constraint condition input means. And assigning an initial value or a variation value of the variable to all of the constraints extracted by the constraint extracting means based on the constraint propagation processing procedure considered by the user.
- the constraint solution calculating means for calculating the solution of the constraint condition, and the solution calculated by the constraint solution calculating means are set as new fluctuation values in the variable value setting means.
- Variable value resetting means wherein the variable condition resetting means repeatedly performs the constraint condition extracting means and the constraint condition solution calculating means while a new fluctuation value to be reset exists.
- the constraint condition solving device of the present invention comprises: constraint condition input means for inputting a constraint condition; variable value setting means for setting a value of a variable used for the constraint condition input by the constraint condition input means; A constraint condition extracting unit for extracting, from the constraint conditions input by the constraint condition input unit, a constraint condition related to the value set by the variable value setting unit; and a constraint condition extracting unit for extracting the constraint condition extracted by the constraint condition extracting unit.
- Constraints for calculating solution A constraint solution including a solution calculation means, the constraint condition includes a current number of array elements, the variable has a plurality of values, and a search based on element values of a structure array. , And at least one of character string and numeric conversion by default rules.
- a constraint solving system is a constraint solving system in which a plurality of devices are communicably connected to each other, wherein at least one of the devices has the constraint described in any one of the above. It has the function of a solution device.
- a constraint condition considering a processing procedure of constraint propagation for a target problem and a value (initial value) of a variable used for the constraint condition are input, a constraint related to the value of the variable is input.
- a solution that satisfies each of the constraints is derived, and the process of finding a solution for each of the above constraints by substituting the derived solution as a new value (variable value) of the variable is performed.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram conceptually showing the positioning of a conventional programming language environment and a constraint solving system for solving a constraint condition according to the present invention.
- the conventional programming language environment includes a program language processing system, a program code, and data, and the program language processing system controls the program code and data.
- the program language processing system controls the program code and data.
- a constraint expression train condition
- a constraint solving system are provided, and each is connected so that information can be mutually exchanged.
- FIG. 19 is also a conventional programming language environment, and is a configuration diagram when the conventional constraint solving system is configured in the form of a library.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing basic components of the constraint condition solving device 100.
- the constraint condition solving device 100 includes a constraint condition input unit 1, a variable value setting unit 2, a constraint condition extracting unit 3, a constraint condition solution calculating unit 4, and a variable value resetting unit 5. Contains.
- the constraint condition input means 1 is for the user to input a constraint condition determined with the processing procedure of constraint propagation by a computer (CPU) in mind.
- variable value setting means 2 is for setting a specific initial value specified by the user to each variable constituting the constraint condition input by the constraint condition input means 1. Although details will be described later, values other than initial values (hereinafter, referred to as fluctuation values) are set for each variable.
- the constraint condition input means 1 and the variable value setting means 2 are so-called UZIs for data input and include various tools that can easily perform input without any particular limitation.
- a display (monitor) screen that can be checked can be provided.
- This output display means can also have a display (monitor) screen on which the output value can be confirmed.
- an input / output means capable of inputting / outputting data may be used as one of the constraint condition input means 1 (including the variable value setting means 2) and the output display means.
- the constraint condition extracting means 3 extracts, from the input constraint conditions, a constraint condition having each variable in which an initial value or a variation value is set as a component.
- the constraint condition extracting means 3 is configured to collectively extract the corresponding constraint conditions, but after obtaining a solution of a certain constraint condition by the constraint condition solution calculating means 4 described later, The restriction conditions may be extracted one by one such that the extraction of the restriction condition is repeated sequentially.
- the constraint condition solution calculating means 4 solves each constraint condition in which an initial value or a fluctuation value is substituted.
- the predetermined order is an order indicated by a constraint condition input by a user (programmer) in consideration of a processing procedure of constraint propagation.
- Typical examples used as illustrations to facilitate understanding of declarative programming techniques include the following accounting problems.
- Equation 1 and (Equation 2) are, in particular, the setting of variable data among the constraints.
- Equation 5 defines variable data
- Equation 6) (Equation 7) assigns values to variables
- (Equation 5) 8) — (Equation 9) is a concrete execution expression.
- the & operator is a string concatenation operator. As shown in (Equation 6)-(Equation 7), the character string name and message are arbitrarily rewritten to generate HTML text output by output.
- Equation 10 (Equation 10) and (Equation 11) are definitions of variable data, and (Equation 12) is a concrete execution expression.
- Equation 12 is a concrete execution expression. In the constraint propagation by changing the value of the character string str in this example, each time the value of the character string add is changed, the value of the character string add is added to the character string str repeatedly.
- the constraint condition does not need to be an expression represented by an equal sign or an inequality sign as shown in the above (A)-(C).
- the truth is the answer, and if, for example, only f (x) is described as a constraint condition, as in C language, this f (X) is executed. Is determined and processed depending on whether is true or false.
- variable value resetting means 5 uses the constraint solution extracting means 3 and the constraint solution calculating means 4 to obtain the second and subsequent solutions. Is set as a new value, that is, a fluctuation value. Then, the process of obtaining a solution of a series of constraint conditions is performed when the constraint condition solving device 100 receives a separate end command after the solution to be changed by the constraint condition solution calculating means 4 no longer exists and reaches the final solution. To end.
- one of the features of the present invention is that it repeats the process of sequentially substituting a value for the extracted variable of each constraint and solving each constraint one by one. For this purpose, it is assumed that the user sets the constraint conditions in advance in consideration of the procedure of constraint propagation.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the operation procedure of the constraint condition solving device 100.
- step S20 it is determined whether or not an initial value has been set for a variable used for a constraint condition. As a result of the determination, if the initial values have not yet been set for each of the variables constituting the constraint condition input by the constraint condition input means 1, in step S21, the variable value setting means 2 sets the initial value specified by the user. Set the value.
- step S22 the constraint condition extracting means 3 determines whether or not the value of each variable has been changed.
- the process proceeds to the next step S22 as an initial change.
- the constraint condition solving apparatus 100 remains in a waiting state until the value of the new variable is changed in step S22.
- end is not shown in this flowchart, when an operation end instruction command is input from outside, the constraint condition solving apparatus 100 executes a predetermined operation process (not shown) to execute a series of operations. It is controlled to end.
- step S23 the constraint condition extracting means 3 generates a set S having the variables changed in step S22 as elements.
- generating the set S means, for example, writing a name of the changed variable or a suffix capable of identifying an array element of the variable in a certain storage area on the computer.
- the constraint condition extracting means 3 determines whether or not the force exists in the set S, that is, whether or not there is a variable whose value has been changed by the variable value setting means 2 (step S24). As a result of the determination, when there is an element in the set S (when the set S is not an empty set), the constraint condition extracting means 3 extracts the elements Sm one by one from the set S (step S25).
- step S26 a set Q of constraint conditions related to the extracted element Sm is generated. To achieve. That is, if there is a constraint condition including the element Sm, the constraint condition extracting means 3 outputs this to the set Q. Next, while there is an element in the set Q in step S27, the following steps S28 to S30 are repeated.
- step S28 the constraint condition solution calculation means 4 extracts one constraint condition Qm from the set Q. Then, the constraint condition solution calculation means 4 solves the constraint condition Qm extracted in step S28, and obtains a variable to be changed to satisfy the constraint condition Qm and its value (step S29).
- step S29 the details of the processing in step S29 are as follows.
- the above (2) is not always the case with the forces and other (1) and (3) that are essential as the processing in step S29.
- the user may determine whether or not the user has the necessary power according to the target problem, and may be configured to explicitly or implicitly indicate the restriction condition.
- step S30 the variable value resetting means 5 resets the value obtained for the variable obtained in step S29, and in the subsequent processing, determines whether the constraint condition is solved based on the reset value. It is.
- step S28 if it is determined in step S27 that there is no element in the set Q, a series of processing returns to step 24, and the next variable Sm is extracted from the set S. And the same processing is repeated.
- the processing of the constraint condition solving device 100 corresponds to a situation in which a stable state is entered. As described above, any variable used for the constraint condition is newly added. It waits in step S22 until a new value is set.
- the order in which the variables Sm are extracted and the order in which the constraints Qm are extracted in step S28 are determined by the user by explicitly specifying the order (priority) in consideration of the processing procedure of constraint propagation. Is the method of setting the constraints to be performed. Specifically, for example, the priorities are achieved in such a way that the priorities are in the order in which the constraints are described. A specific example is shown below.
- the execution order of the constraints is determined at execution time, but the order in which the set S and set Q force elements are extracted is uncertain.
- an explicit method for determining this there is a method of judging in the order of description or setting a priority in the constraint expression.
- the computer may automatically perform the above-described priority order! / ⁇ .
- step S27 it is determined that there is an element in the set Q.
- step 30 the changed value 750 is set in the subtotal [2], and the subtotal [2] is set.
- step S27 Only one forceful element is extracted from the previous set Q. Since set Q is an empty set, the process proceeds to step S24.
- step S24 the subtotal [2] of the set S that has been added is determined, and the subtotal [2] is extracted in step S25.
- step S28 the relevant constraint condition is extracted.
- step S30 this change is made to the variable (total). Set the value to 1700.
- the (sum) of the variables is stored in the set S. Subsequently, steps S27, S24, S25, and S26 are executed, and since there is no related constraint expression, no element is added to the set Q.
- step S29 the difference is eliminated by using only the changed value instead of performing the addition again when finding the solution to the constraint condition.
- step S30 since there is no constraint related to the sum, it is evident that no element is added to the set S in order to reduce the calculation time.
- step S27 The force that returns to step S27 again.
- the element that had only one was taken out from the previous set Q. Since the new set Q is an empty set, the process proceeds to step S22, and the constraint condition solving apparatus 100 waits until the next external data change.
- step S28 in the operation of the constraint condition solving apparatus 100 described above, the process of taking out the constraint conditions Qm one by one from the set Q and finding the solution is described, but it is necessary to take out one by one. None. If it is possible to find the solutions of the constraints at the same time, we will extract two or more constraints from the set Q. As a result, the target problem that can be solved can be broadened.
- the actual solution of the constraint condition Qm is not limited to the method of solving it by simple equation transformation like the accounting problem. It is assumed that all the solutions for the existing formulas can be used, and that the solution of the n-th order equation can be introduced.
- FIG. 24 shows an example of a screen on which the user inputs constraint conditions and values using actual input / output means (for example, constraint condition input means 1).
- the screen example in Fig. 24 is equivalent to the screen example of the constraint condition input means 1 and the variable value setting means 2 having the output function, and has a structure on UNIX that has an input / output interface equivalent to a general programming language. This is an implementation example implemented.
- the inputs and outputs in Fig. 24 (a)-(h) are a series and are shown separately for convenience.
- the constraint expression 242 here abstracts the sum calculation as a function array total total 0, but it can also be expressed by a constraint expression as shown in FIG. You can also write procedural loop structures directly (see Fusion with functional languages). Then, when the difference of the total calculation is eliminated in the processing of step S29, the constraint condition solving apparatus 100 determines and performs the automatic processing, and the user is not aware.
- Step S22 the force at which the processing shown in step S30 is executed.
- the remaining input values are read into the file by "load”.
- the subtotal and total are calculated and set, and by inputting “total” at 246, the current total value is displayed and the execution result can be obtained.
- step S26 in FIG. 2 is executed.
- Figure 20 shows the concept of this classification.
- This class can be inherited.For example, when there is a class A having a variable 1, a variable 2 and a constraint expression 1 shown in FIG. 20 and a class B having a variable 3, as shown in FIG. It is possible to generate the class shown in Figure 20 that inherits class B and further inherits constraint equation 2.
- the present invention does not set an evaluation formula (evaluation condition) that all constraints do not violate constraints. .
- processing for determining a solution to a constraint condition is often performed to determine whether or not there is a conflict between the constraint conditions based on the evaluation formula. This is because the present invention presupposes that the user sets the constraint conditions so that no inconsistency occurs. Therefore, the constraint condition solving apparatus 100 can always find the solution at the end, and if the solution is not found, it is an error in setting the constraint condition by the user.
- the constraint condition solving apparatus 100 of the present embodiment when the constraint condition regarding the target problem and the initial value or the variation value of the variable used for the constraint condition are set, the constraint condition related to the variable is extracted. Then, the solution for each constraint condition is sequentially obtained, and this solution is repeated as a new variable value to find the solution for each constraint condition.
- the target problem can be solved by the constraints that connect the data.
- the constraints to be set are defined by including directives corresponding to this algorithm in the data structure without describing an algorithm for solving the target problem as in conventional procedural programming, and Describe in accordance with the processing procedure, and all constraints
- the constraint conditions are determined one by one without finding the optimal solution that satisfies, so the route to find the solution is clear, and the significantly simplified constraints (e.g., one-way equations ), It is possible to surely reach the final solution, and the arithmetic processing can be performed much faster.
- the constraint condition input means 1 the variable value setting means 2, the constraint condition extracting means 3, the constraint condition solution calculating means 4, and the variable value resetting means
- the constraint condition solving device 200 includes the constraint condition storing device 6 in addition to the respective constituent devices 115 in the constraint condition solving device 100 according to the first embodiment.
- a variable value storage means 7 Note that the same reference numerals are given to the components common to the configuration of the constraint condition solving device 200 according to the present embodiment and the constraint condition solving device 100 according to the first embodiment, and a detailed description thereof will be given. Omitted.
- FIG. 3 shows the overall configuration of the constraint solving apparatus 200 of the present embodiment.
- the constraint condition storage means 6 stores the constraint conditions input by the constraint condition input means 1 in a predetermined storage area. Further, the variable value storage means 7 stores the variable values (initial values, fluctuation values) set by the variable value setting means 2.
- the constraint condition extracting means 8 of the present embodiment stores the newly set constraint condition or variation value in the storage area in addition to the function of the constraint condition extracting means 3 in the first embodiment. It has a function of extracting a constraint condition only when the two do not match as compared with the constraint condition or value. Note that the constraint condition extracting means 8 may extract the constraint condition and the variable value from the constraint condition storing means 6 and the variable value storing means 7 which do not always need to perform the comparison. Needless to say,! /.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment in which the constraint condition storage means 6 stores constraint conditions in a storage area (for example, a memory or a magnetic disk) of a computer.
- the variable X has three constraints It is assumed that there is a constraint referred to by an equation (constraint equation 1, constraint equation 2, constraint equation 3), and how to represent the storage area when the value X is set to the variable X is shown.
- Figures 6 and 5 show examples of the above-mentioned accounting calculation constraint constraints expressed in this format.
- it is not limited to such a representation.
- the constraint expression may be stored as a character string without being divided as a structure.
- the present invention is not limited to the data structure shown in FIG. 5, but may be, for example, a storage area shown below.
- Variable values are classified, and some values are recorded only in memory. Other values are recorded in a file or database, so that the values in the recording area can be made permanent or a time system. And the like may have a special meaning.
- a configuration may be used in which a variable name constraint expression is searched without a constraint expression list.
- it is not limited to the memory and pointer structure as shown in FIG.
- all data types that exist innumerably due to the above-described modification are included.
- the constraint condition solving device 200 of the present embodiment the constraint condition relating to the target problem and the initial value or the variation value of the variable used for the constraint condition are temporarily or permanently stored in a predetermined recording area. Therefore, only when a change occurs in the constraint or the variable value, the constraint condition extracting means 8 of the present embodiment solves the constraint condition Qm related to the changed variable Sm and changes it to satisfy Qm. It is possible to perform the process of finding the variable to be used and its value.
- the constraint condition solving device 100 of the first embodiment described above the constraint condition input means 1, the variable value setting means 2, the constraint condition extracting means 3, the constraint condition solution calculating means 4, and the variable value resetting means 5
- the constraint condition solving device 200 of the second embodiment described above further comprises a constraint condition storage means 6 and a variable value storage means 7.
- the condition solving device 300 is characterized by including a function definition holding means 9 and a function definition executing means 10.
- Either the constraint solving device 100 according to the first embodiment or the constraint solving device 200 according to the second embodiment should be configured to further include the function definition holding unit 9 and the function definition executing unit 10. However, in order to simplify the explanation, the explanation will be made with the configuration added to the constraint condition solving device 100.
- the role of the configuration of the constraint condition solving device 300 of the present embodiment viewed from the programming method is that the first embodiment solves the problem by a complete declarative programming method,
- the embodiment is that the conventional procedural programming technique is fused. This is because some problems that are difficult to solve by declarative programming can be flexibly solved by using procedural programming techniques, regardless of the target problem.
- FIG. 8 shows the overall configuration of the constraint solving apparatus 300 according to the present embodiment.
- the function definition holding means 9 holds the procedure described by the user in the conventional procedural programming and the variable value by the constraint input means 1 and the variable value setting means 2.
- the function definition holding means 9 is connected to the constraint condition extracting means 3 so that data can be input and output to and from each other.
- variable value setting means 2 may be provided with a variable value setting means dedicated to a variable of a procedure described in a procedure type.
- the function definition executing means 10 causes the computer to actually execute the procedure held by the function definition holding means 9.
- the function definition executing means 10 is connected to the constraint condition solution calculating means 4 so that data can be input and output to and from each other.
- an expression that can be normally expressed as a constraint expression is also converted into a solution format as shown in FIG. If it is configured to be deformed and held, it is expected that the speed at the time of executing the process will be improved.
- the function definition holding unit 9 and the function definition executing unit 10 are included, so that the constraint condition and the conventional programming are used to define the constraint condition. It is possible for the user to freely set the solution as a constraint condition and the solution using the conventional programming method according to the nature or characteristics of the target problem. Become. Accordingly, description of constraint conditions including inverse operation processing, etc., which cannot be solved by the constraint condition solving apparatuses 100 and 200 of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, is greatly facilitated.
- the constraint condition solving device 400 of the present embodiment includes a database, Characteristically, a variable value can be set by utilizing the above.
- FIG. 10 shows an overall configuration diagram of a constraint condition solving device 400 of the present embodiment.
- the constraint condition solving device 2 of the second embodiment is used.
- some or all of the variables in the constraint conditions are recorded in the database 11 and the system resources 12. Values and variables in the system that are linked to other events, such as time, etc., and manage variables in a way that matches variables outside of the constraint solver 400 with those of constraints. Can be easily performed.
- operators for the one-dimensional arrays vecl and vec2 are defined as follows. vecl + vec2... an array obtained by adding all the elements of each one-dimensional array,
- vecl * vec2 an array obtained by multiplying all the elements of each one-dimensional array
- vecl vec2... comparison or assignment of arrays where the elements of each one-dimensional array are all the same,
- vecl & vec2 An array in which all the elements of each one-dimensional array are connected.
- the first embodiment It can be handled in the same way as the constraint expression in the fourth embodiment.
- an operator as shown in FIG. 21 may be prepared. Any operator can be used for this operator.
- vec [n. .M, 1..k, i.. J] is an array obtained by extracting the n-m-th, 1-k-th, and i-1-th elements of the dimensional array If we represent
- vecl [0..3] vec2 [0..I] & vec2 [4..5] + vec3 [0..3] and! / (Restrictions).
- HTML hypertext markup language
- HTML data " ⁇ HTML> ⁇ BODY>” & date [0..3] & “year” & date [5..6] & “month” & date [8..9] & "day” & "name : "& Name &” content: "& content &” ku ZBODYX / HTML> ,,;
- a conversion rule for arbitrary data conversion is prepared, and it can be specified by default.
- Xn a number of n digits or less
- vail can be referred to as a character string of 14 characters, signed and mantissa part 9 digits or less, decimal point, fixed to 3 digits, and right-justified.
- val2 can refer to val2 as an unsigned, zero-suppressed, 8-digit character string of all eight characters.
- the constraint expression to be executed is selected according to the priority value. If there are multiple values with the same priority, execute all To be done. By defining such a constraint expression with priority, it becomes effective when only the constraint expression with the smallest or largest priority is executed, or when the execution order of the constraint expression is specified. .
- the data of the structure exists in a database or a file.
- access to the “content” related to the sequence number 5 is performed, for example, by using “bulletin board data [5].
- Contents In addition, when accessing the data of this structure, the search processing is described as a constraint by defining a string matching operator for the members (date, name, contents, and HTML data). Will be able to do it.
- FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b) showing slightly practical examples using the various data structures described above, some rules are added. 12 (a) and 12 (b) are shown in one diagram, but are shown as separate diagrams for convenience.
- strtrunc (argl, arg2) — Power to copy the string of argl If the length is longer than the string length specified by arg2, the characters are truncated.
- Output_html means a multi-element value sequence in which all output_html (see Figure 12 (a)) in the array are arranged. When comparison with a character string or assignment operation is performed, all It is treated as one string that concatenates elements,
- vsize (output—block) list—count: A constraint expression indicating the number of arrays, that is, the relationship between array sizes and variables. However, reference to the value obtained by vsizeO is a normal value.Since a force change must mean a change in the array size, the change in the value is abstracted inside the processing system. Abstraction processing such as the method call processing by the force object that defines the function call to mean the function call is required.
- Fig. 11 shows a conceptual diagram of a system that inputs and displays data in combination with this Web server, and shows an example of the information stored in the function type definition holding means and the constraint condition storage means, and the constraint conditions.
- Figures 12 (a) and 12 (b) show this.
- a general window interface as shown in Fig. 13 is configured to map each item to a variable, so that the relationship between data and the user interface is changed. Can be described with constraint conditions, and it is easy to describe and easily understand a general user interface. As a result, higher productivity can be achieved as compared with the conventional programming method.
- the processing procedure and the processing content to be solved by the constraint condition are provided as history information (update history), so that the user interface on the application is improved.
- the UNDO function which is one of the concepts, makes it possible to implement database transactions.
- FIG. 14 shows three windows, it goes without saying that any number of windows can be handled.
- FIG. 15 shows a client in a Z server system that implements a window system. It is a figure which shows the structure of an ant side notionally. The system configuration on the server side is the same as that shown in Figs.
- the GUI client has a GUI processing unit and a GUI control unit, and the GUI control unit controls the operation of each part as shown in FIG.
- the contents of the GUI control section here have the same configuration as in Figs. 1, 3, 8, and 10, and the state change of each part is performed by the IZF for the input / output IZF in Figs. 1, 3, 8, and 10 in the client. This is performed for the control unit.
- cooperation rules between each part consistency check of input data to be processed by the client, input assistance, processing rules for data to be passed to the server side, etc. are described and processed.
- the data processed and processed by the GUI control unit is transmitted to the server via transmission variables.
- system configuration can be flexibly modified and used, such as processing the GUI processing part of the client and the constraint processing system of the server collectively.
- the function of the sequential solving method of the constraint condition according to the change of the value of the variable which is a feature of the present invention, is provided not only in the client Z server system as a whole but also in the GUI control unit.
- the data transfer between the client and the Z server may be in a proprietary format, but by using a standardized data format such as XML, it is possible to realize an open protocol compatible with the conventional method. is there.
- the GUI controls the operation of the GUI, checks the consistency of data to be transmitted, assists input, changes the state of the GUI according to the state of data, and notifies the server. On the basis of the description.
- window information For example, the following structure is defined as window information.
- window information [1] position window information [0] position.
- X window information [n] size.
- Window information [1] .Position.y Window information [0] .Position.y; To fix the size of the window, change the window information [n] .size.x and change the window information [n] .size.y after providing a variable that can be changed to a variable and a Z impossible attribute. It should be made impossible. [0094] As described above, according to the window system or the multi-window system in the GUI environment, in the conventional programming method, when an event occurs, the related operation depending on the event state is performed when the event of the window and the application operation in the window occur. In contrast to the power that must be described one by one, the motion control according to the present invention makes it possible to simply and easily describe the complicated movement of an application based on simple and clear constraint conditions. .
- the operation in the window system can be controlled by the description of the constraint condition is not only used when outputting the force data on the screen in the GUI environment, but the content processed using the window can be arbitrarily determined. It can be easily conceived by those skilled in the technical field of the present invention that the present invention can be applied to the realization of an output system (for example, a form printing system) for outputting to a medium (for example, paper). Needless to say.
- an output system for example, a form printing system
- a medium for example, paper
- the present invention can be applied to the problem of parallel processing, which is a troublesome problem in procedural programming.
- parallel processing there are roughly two types of operations. That is, some CPUs execute the algorithm of step S23-step S30, and the other is to construct variables and relational expressions by architecture like a data flow machine.
- step S23 step S30 starting from the change of the variable value in step S22 in the algorithm of FIG. Can achieve parallel processing without being aware of direct parallel processing.
- step S22 for another process a series of operations by changing the variable value in step S22 for another process is executed even during execution of step S23 to step S30 for a certain process.
- the relational expression between the variables is, for example, a communication channel when physically realized on a parallel computer.
- parallel processors are connected by complicated communication paths, and the communication cost differs depending on the paths.
- this communication cost By expressing this communication cost by priority, it is possible to automatically select a data path.
- the constraint Constraint with priority listed as an example of the constraint can be used.
- the present invention can be applied to the entire system generally constructed.
- system refers to a complex composed of a plurality of computers and special-purpose machines with different characteristics and network power connecting them, and is a general corporate system or social system. You.
- the present invention when the present invention is applied to the entire system, it is conceptually very similar to the parallel processing realization method in the data flow machine, and the computer constituted by the present invention is It is connected to a variable that is an interface of another computer via a variable that is an interface between them.
- the relational expression between the variables is the communication path, and the communication cost is the priority. Therefore, according to the present invention, the entire system can be designed and constructed.
- the present invention provides an event that solves a problem composed of arbitrary constraints by changing the value of a variable in response to an instruction (event) from an external unit (such as a user) and propagating the constraint. It deals with the principle of driving calculation.
- the existing procedural programming language is used in the function definition holding means and function definition execution means as described above, the combination with the existing programming language is also shown in Fig. 18. It assumes that it is possible. Therefore, it will be described in further detail that the present invention can be integrated with an existing programming language.
- the function defconstraint creates a solution expression for the symbols (variables) a and b from the arguments in order to realize the data structure of FIG.
- each data may be shared, and the relationship between variables and data is not necessarily one-to-one. Absent. For this reason, when changing certain data, whether or not it is related to a particular symbol is usually not powerful when assigning a value to a variable. Therefore, such a relational structure between variables and data poses a problem when implementing the constraint elimination of the present invention, and will be described.
- FIG. 22 shows an example in which the symbol c indicating the same data as the symbol b has been added, and the internal data structure of the ordinary LISP language centering on the symbols a, b, and c has been extremely simplified.
- the LISP language all symbols are recorded in knockouts and stored by namespace, so the package power is also described here. Also, since the standard namespace name is “user”, the symbols a, b, and c are registered in “user”. In this example, the symbol b is also registered in another package.
- the function setf that executes the substitution of the force value must perform matching with the constraint expression defined by the function defconstraint2 above.
- the data passed to the function setf is a pointer indicated by (*) in FIG. 22 in ordinary LISP, and there is no information to be matched. Therefore, in the case of such a simple example, a method is conceivable in which not only the evaluation result but also the information of the evaluated expression is retained until the function setf is executed.
- it becomes a very complicated expression so the data to be carried around becomes huge, and it is difficult to cope with the case where b [l] is changed by (setf (aref c 1) 12).
- FIG. 23 shows an example of the data structure in the figure.
- the array reference by the function aref indicated by (*) in FIG. 23 also has information of the array itself, not only the pointers in the array so as to be entered in the opposite direction. All data including sequence information Is bound, and saves various information so that the information of the symbol can be tracked.
- the fusion with the functional programming language (A) allows the present invention to be applied on the LISP language, and makes it ideal as an implementation on a functional programming language, for example, setf Since the matching of constraint expressions is required every time an assignment operation such as is performed, the execution efficiency deteriorates in principle. In particular, when matching with a constraint expression in the opposite direction at the time of substitution (matching in the opposite direction), it is not possible to determine whether the definition of the relevant constraint expression exists unless the user goes back to the upper level. For example, only the index information such as [1] is effective at the time of the pointer. Even a simple constraint expression has a structure such as a [x] and b [x]. Then, it is only possible to judge whether there is a constraint to be matched only when there are limited special conditions.
- a function having local variables and a loop structure, including all the basic elements of the C language, is interpreted as follows.
- the present invention can be applied in combination with a design method.
- development design methods There are many different types of development design methods.Firstly, analyze the requirements to be realized, then determine the specifications of the target to be developed to fulfill the requirements, and then satisfy the specifications. Developing a program is a common concept. However, in the case of the conventional procedural programming method, no matter what development method was used, it was ultimately necessary to describe the behavior of the CPU as program code. Meanwhile, declarative programming The method has the potential to solve this problem, but as mentioned at the beginning, the problem is that the execution efficiency of the computer is not good. For this reason, current general programming tasks and V often refer to procedural programming techniques, for example.
- One of the system design techniques is data-centered orientation. Although data-centric orientation is known as a method for successfully designing business systems, even if a system design that fulfills the requirements is performed by this, coding work is ultimately required, and program code is required. Must be described as CPU behavior. Even when software engineering has been developed, the description of the movement of the CPU essentially depends on the experience and intuition of the programmer, and the development and design work still existing in the area of human creative work is difficult. It is the present situation. Tools to reduce development design work include CASE tools. However, while they could reduce development effort, they still did not solve the essential problem of eliminating the need for humans to describe CPU behavior.
- the present invention although it is necessary to consider the movement of the computer, there is no need to consider the complicated movement as in the related art. In other words, the programmer is freed from the task of directly describing the behavior of the CPU, which is a problem common to various design methods, and does not need to perform creative work during coding. Therefore, according to the present invention, as a development of a tool similar to the CASE tool or the CA SE tool and other tools, it is possible to automatically generate a program code from the specification, thereby realizing automatic programming.
- each point is a three-dimensional vector represented by a vector having three coordinates (X, y, z)
- the rotation of each joint is represented by a 3 ⁇ 3 rotation matrix. Note that this rotation matrix may further include a translation component to form a 4 ⁇ 4 matrix.
- A, B, C, and D indicate rotation matrices of the corresponding joints.
- the rotation matrices A and D are the angles of the motors that control the joints, this can be applied to mouth bot control. Also, if the three-dimensional coordinates a–e are perspective-transformed and rendered on a display device, etc., this is the same as when applied to computer graphics. There is as well.
- each element in the chemical formula In order to treat each element in the chemical formula as an object, define it as a class for each type of element and instantiate the element you want to use as necessary.
- Each element object has binding conditions with other elements and element properties as constraints.
- combinations of elements are managed by compound objects, and are represented by registering the element objects in the compound object.
- the properties and combination conditions when combined are used as constraint expressions.
- the present invention can efficiently represent chemical phenomena, physical phenomena, and the like. This is a modeling of a certain situation and a simulation of a phenomenon with respect to the occurrence of an event. The elimination of the constraints on the change itself is the specific phenomenon itself. It goes without saying that this method can be used effectively in many simulation fields, not limited to chemical phenomena and physical phenomena.
- the present invention is typically applied to linear programming such as a simplex method. It is applicable that the constraint conditions described in the method, the integer programming method, the transportation problem, etc. can be applied if the user can input the constraint conditions considering the processing procedure of the constraint propagation for the target problem. It is obvious for a trader.
- the -Euron model in a neural network can be described by a constraint equation using a threshold as a variable. From this point of view, the -Euron model connection of the neural network is a special form of the constraint relation handled in this method, and can be regarded as a subset.
- Setting the threshold value of the neuron model is an operation of setting the value of a variable, and can be regarded as programming by the method described in the present invention. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to a neural network. That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a learning method by setting a part or all of the thresholds in consideration of a motion that is not merely adjusted automatically.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a storage medium storing software program codes for realizing the functions of the constraint condition solving apparatuses 100, 200, 300, and 400 of the above-described embodiment in a system or an apparatus.
- the present invention can also be achieved by supplying and executing the program code stored in the storage medium by the computer (or CPU or MPU) of the system or the device.
- the readout program code itself is stored in the storage medium.
- the storage medium storing the program code and the program code constitute the present invention.
- a storage medium for supplying the program code a ROM, a flexible disk, a hard disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a CD-R, a magnetic tape, a nonvolatile memory card, and the like can be used.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing basic components of a constraint solving apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an operation procedure of the constraint condition solving device according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an overall configuration diagram of a constraint solving device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment in which a constraint condition storage unit of the constraint condition solving device according to the first embodiment stores constraint conditions in a storage area of a computer.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a data structure relating to an accounting calculation problem.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a storage form of a constraint condition relating to an accounting calculation problem.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a data structure.
- FIG. 8 is an overall configuration diagram of a constraint condition solving device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an execution procedure of a solution by the constraint condition extracting means.
- FIG. 10 is an overall configuration diagram of a constraint condition solving device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. ll A conceptual diagram of a system for displaying data in combination with a Web server.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of information and constraints stored in a function type definition holding unit and a constraint condition storing unit in the system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of describing a relationship between data and a user interface by a constraint condition in a general window interface.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a multi-window system.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram conceptually showing a client-side configuration in a client Z server system that realizes a window system.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining that a GUI control unit controls the operation of each part in a GUI client.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a solution procedure in a conventional declarative programming technique.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram conceptually showing the positioning of a conventional programming language environment and a constraint solving system for solving a constraint condition according to the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram conceptually showing the configuration of a conventional programming language environment.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a concept of classifying a data definition and a constraint expression.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of an operator when accessing a constraint condition of an array structure.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of a very simple internal data structure of a normal LISP language.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example in which the basic data structure of the LISP language can be bidirectionally input.
- [24 (a)-(h)] is a diagram showing an example of a screen on which a user inputs constraints and values and outputs calculation results and the like.
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Priority Applications (5)
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| CA2554580A CA2554580C (en) | 2004-01-21 | 2005-01-21 | Constraint condition solving method, constraint condition solving device, and constraint condition solving system |
| EP05703973A EP1710736A4 (en) | 2004-01-21 | 2005-01-21 | METHOD, DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR RESOLVING RESTRICTIONS |
| CN2005800029969A CN1910601B (zh) | 2004-01-21 | 2005-01-21 | 限制条件解决方法、限制条件解决装置、以及限制条件解决系统 |
| JP2005517273A JP4669788B2 (ja) | 2004-01-21 | 2005-01-21 | 制約条件解決方法、制約条件解決装置、及び制約条件解決システム |
| US11/447,765 US7499764B2 (en) | 2004-01-21 | 2006-06-06 | Constraint-based solution method, constraint-based solver and constraint-based solution system |
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| EP (1) | EP1710736A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4669788B2 (ja) |
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| CN (1) | CN1910601B (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2554580C (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005071609A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20060120188A (ko) | 2006-11-24 |
| CA2554580C (en) | 2014-03-25 |
| KR100916745B1 (ko) | 2009-09-14 |
| EP1710736A4 (en) | 2011-11-16 |
| JPWO2005071609A1 (ja) | 2007-09-06 |
| CN1910601B (zh) | 2010-05-05 |
| US7499764B2 (en) | 2009-03-03 |
| CA2554580A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
| CN1910601A (zh) | 2007-02-07 |
| JP4669788B2 (ja) | 2011-04-13 |
| US20070010901A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
| EP1710736A1 (en) | 2006-10-11 |
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