WO2005066086A2 - Verwendung von glaskeramikscheiben - Google Patents
Verwendung von glaskeramikscheiben Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005066086A2 WO2005066086A2 PCT/EP2005/000015 EP2005000015W WO2005066086A2 WO 2005066086 A2 WO2005066086 A2 WO 2005066086A2 EP 2005000015 W EP2005000015 W EP 2005000015W WO 2005066086 A2 WO2005066086 A2 WO 2005066086A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- glass ceramic
- composition
- blocking
- lamp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
- C03C10/0009—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing silica as main constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
- C03C10/0018—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing SiO2, Al2O3 and monovalent metal oxide as main constituents
- C03C10/0027—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing SiO2, Al2O3 and monovalent metal oxide as main constituents containing SiO2, Al2O3, Li2O as main constituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
- C03C10/0036—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing SiO2, Al2O3 and a divalent metal oxide as main constituents
- C03C10/0045—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing SiO2, Al2O3 and a divalent metal oxide as main constituents containing SiO2, Al2O3 and MgO as main constituents
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of glass ceramics, the glass ceramics being in the form of glass ceramic disks.
- the materials for lighting devices are subject to high demands with regard to their thermal and mechanical stability as well as a specifically adjusted thermal expansion.
- the latter is to produce important when fusing with metals and metal alloys, such as wires, tension-free mergers ..
- Transparent slices are used in a wide variety of lamp types, such. B. as a cover for cold light reflectors, halogen lamp systems and floodlights. They should serve as UV blockers and shatter protection. UV blocking is particularly important in backlight systems, e.g. for TFT flat panel displays. For this purpose, either miniaturized tubular fluorescent lamps, so-called. Backlights, are used, wherein the bulb glass is doped such that UV light is blocked. Correspondingly flat transparent UV blocking materials are necessary in flat backlight systems. The requirement for the ability to block UV light is particularly high here, since existing plastic components tend to yellow and become brittle due to UV light.
- B borosilicate glasses, alkali-free aluminosilicate glasses. or also silica glass, in each case also doped, in order to achieve UV-blocking properties.
- BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE In lamp parts, which form a part of the radiation space, the requirements for temperature resistance, UV blocking and Solarisationsbestteil- ness particularly high.
- It is an object of the invention is suitable for lighting applications materials, in particular materials having a high UV blocking and high solarization resistance, to be made available.
- glass ceramic disks are used as lamp components.
- Components of a lamp are understood here to mean essential parts of the lamp which define the radiation space of the lamp, for example parts of the lamp envelope, or which are carriers for, for example, fluorescent layers or conductor tracks or which are other substrates which are used, for example, for homogeneous light distribution, according to diffusion plates. Additional cover or protective screens are not included in the term.
- Lamp types with such ingredients can for it.
- B. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps such as, for example, backlight arrangements (low-pressure discharge lamps). Also, in high pressure discharge lamps such ingredients are also possible.
- Such types of lamps are known for example from WO 98/21154; US 5,220,249; US 5,041, 762 and WO 99/45557. ,
- the structuring is such that by means of parallel elevations, so-called barriers, with a defined width (W r j b ), channels with a defined depth and a defined width (d C hannei or Wc annei) are generated in the pane, in which the discharge phosphor is located located and which form the radiation space, together with a phosphor layer provided with the disc, the discs being laterally sealed, and provided on bushings with electrodes.
- CCFL system cold cathode fluorescent lamp
- EEFL- external electro- de fluorescent lamp external contacting, ie ignition of the plasma from an external electrical field
- both the structured sheet or the other, the radiation area defining wheel exist as both panes of glass ceramic.
- the high UV blocking is particularly important in such a "flat backlight”.
- the starting glass pane that is to say the so-called green glass pane, which was produced, for example, by rolling
- the pane can also be structured after the ceramization.
- the structured ceramic glass preferably has structures with depths and widths in the dimension of a few tenths of millimeters to several millimeters. Such structuring can be carried out using common methods for producing structures in the mm to cm range, such as embossing, scratching, machining, chemical etching, laser ablation, etc.
- Figure 1 illustrates the chosen designations, p results from the sum of the channel and barrier width.
- the slice thicknesses t are also in the range of a few millimeters, where td contains cr , a nn e i.
- Usual disk formats are, for example, approx. 700 mm x 400 mm.
- Glass ceramics have a unitary spectrum of properties, which consist of targeted, controlled, temperature-controlled, partial. Crystallization result. Depending on the composition, manner of production of the green glass and adaptation of the temperature regime in hot post-processing, the person skilled in the art knows how to produce different types of crystal phases, crystallographic species with different crystal morphology and size as well as different amounts of crystals in a glass ceramic. In this way, sondere adjust the thermal expansion, mechanical stability, etc..
- An outstanding basic property of glass ceramics is the high thermal stability of the material which is stiffer than that of multicomponent glasses substantially higher.
- Ceramic discs are already as used as a fireplace panels or for cooking surfaces.
- requirements for the glass ceramic panes for the uses according to the invention include properties such as, for example, excellent transparency.
- the known glass ceramics lacked transparency and / or had their own color, so that use in lighting units would not have been possible.
- Tg glass ceramic Since no so-called “Tg” can be determined for glass ceramics, it is sensible to determine a state which is dependent on the temperature and is still stable on the basis of the viscosity of the glass ceramic as a function of the temperature.
- a suitable glass ceramic should not flow viscously even at higher temperatures and Withstand lamp operating temperatures of> 800 ° C, preferably of> 900 ° C, and more preferably of> 1000 ° C.
- the viscous flow is a.
- Glass ceramic preferably at higher temperatures than quartz glass one, most, the glass ceramic is similar stable or more stable than translucent ceramics such. As those based on Al 2 0. 3
- the glass-ceramics should have a high transmission in the visible range (nm 380-780 nm), with a wall thickness of 0.3 mm, for example> 75%, preferably> 80%, particularly preferably> 90%, which characteristic in is the application of the glass ceramic discs as components of a lamp of importance.
- Very particular preference is further glass ceramics, which at a wall thickness of 1 mm in the wavelength range between 400 nm and 780 nm have> 75% or even> 80% transmission.
- Blocking means a transmission of less than 1% with a layer thickness of 0.3 mm.
- the blocking can be achieved for wavelengths ⁇ 260 nm, preferably ⁇ 300, ⁇ 315, ⁇ 365 nm.
- the glass ceramic should be easily fusible with electrical feedthroughs which, depending on the application, consist of molybdenum, tungsten or alloys such as Vacon 11® (“Kovar”).
- electrical feedthroughs which, depending on the application, consist of molybdenum, tungsten or alloys such as Vacon 11® (“Kovar”).
- Kovar Vacon 11®
- thermal expansion coefficients ⁇ 2 o / 3oo between 0 and 7 x 10 " 6 / K, preferably between 3 x 10 "6 / K and 5 x 10" 6 / K be achieved.
- Expansion coefficients are between 3.5 x 10 "6 / K and 4.3 x 10 " 6 / K for fuses with tungsten and expansion coefficients between 4.5 x 10 "6 / K and 5.0 x 10 " 6 for mergers with molybdenum / K particularly preferred.
- the materials are chemically resistant, so that, for. As operations are not affected permanently in a lamp.
- the materials should not be penetrable by fillers, i.e. they should have good long-term tightness. Hot, pressurized fillers should not cause any corrosion of the glass ceramic.
- the glass ceramic disks used according to the invention are produced by means of ceramicization programs known to the person skilled in the art.
- the Keramisie- Food Program is to be designed so that the glass ceramic obtained according to the required properties is optimized with respect to the respective application.
- the glass content within the glass-ceramic may be useful to, ie for example minimize a crystal phase content of at least 60% by volume, preferably at least 70% by volume, particularly preferably set at least 80 vol .-%, and / or adjust the composition of the residual glass phase close to the pure silica glass.
- ceramization programs are adjusted with regard to temperature and time regimes and matched to the desired crystal phases, as well as to the ratio of the residual glass phase and the crystal phase content as well as the crystallite size.
- the surface chemistry or a depth profile for certain elements can be set by the ceramization program, so that in the course of the ceramization in areas near the surface, for. B. a desired content can be adjusted to alkalis, also in fine adjustment of "low alkali” to "alkali-free".
- a concentration gradient can also be built up for certain elements, which can be brought about by their incorporation into the crystal phase or their retention / enrichment in the residual glass phase, in particular by the formation of a glassy surface layer, the thickness and composition of which is due to the composition of the starting glass and the Keramleitersatmospreheat can be determined.
- the ceramization program is, if necessary, adapted to the desired level of shielding from UV radiation with regard to nucleation or crystal development regimes.
- the UV blocking properties (position / slope) of the glass ceramic can be tailored by a number of measures: In addition to the introduction of UV blocking additives, such as Ti0 2 , there are other setting options for glass ceramics compared to glasses: Particle size (adjusted with regard to maximum UV Scatter), particle size distribution (the more homogeneous the size of the particles, the steeper the edge).
- Particle size adjusted with regard to maximum UV Scatter
- particle size distribution the more homogeneous the size of the particles, the steeper the edge
- the glass ceramic can also be set with respect to the starting glass and the ceramization status such that the active dopant Ti is ideally distributed over the residual glass phase and crystal phase. The larger the Kristallparktikel are, the greater the UV-blocking properties.
- Particle sizes in the range 10-100 nm are preferred, with a particle size distribution that is as monomodal as possible is preferred and preferably at least 60% of the particles present are in this size range, the proportion of crystal phase in the total volume preferably being at least 50% by volume and at most 90% by volume. % is. This prevents that the total transmission in the range of> 400 nm is weakened too much, and a steep UV edge in the range 360-400 nmerreicht.
- suitable for use in the invention glass-ceramics have the following compositions (in wt .-% on oxide)
- compositions are characterized by the main crystal phases of the high quartz mixed crystal (HQMK) and / or keatite.
- a crystal phase As a main crystal phase, a crystal phase will be referred to, which account .- is at the sum of all crystal phases greater than 5 Vo!%.
- Glass ceramic discs in this composition range are particularly suitable for use in shallow backlight units, namely as a structured substrate and / or than the other, the radiation area defining wheel, that is the lid disc.
- the glass ceramics used according to the invention have the following compositions (in% by weight on an oxide basis)
- Al 2 0 3 14-40 preferably 16.5 -40
- MgO 0-20 preferably 4-20, particularly preferably 6-20
- ZnO 0-15 preferably 0-9, particularly preferably 0-4
- Ta 2 O ⁇ 0-8 preferably 0-5, particularly preferably 0-2
- CaO 0-10 preferably 0 - ⁇ 8, particularly preferably 0 -5, very particularly preferably 0-0.1
- P 2 0 5 0 to 10 preferably 0-5, preferably 0 - ⁇ 4
- compositions are characterized by the main crystal phases spinel, sapphirine, HQMK, ⁇ -quartz, cordierite and corresponding mixed crystals, in particular Zn spinels / sapphirine, Mg / Zn-HQMK.
- Glass ceramic panes from this composition range are particularly suitable for use as cover panes in very hot lamps e.g. Halogen or HID lamps.
- the UV blocking can be adjusted.
- the ceramicized pane is superior to a non-ceramized pane of the same composition, that is to say its green glass pane, with regard to the UV blocking properties. It is therefore ideally suited for the uses of this invention,
- the presence of Ti0 2 in the glass ceramic the good UV blocking can be further improved. Therefore the glass ceramics used in the invention preferably contain at least 0.1 wt .-% Ti0 2, preferably> 1 wt .-% Ti0 2 and particularly preferably> 2 wt .-% Ti0. 2
- the glass ceramic pane also has a very high resistance to solarization. After 15 hours of exposure to UV light, there is no or only a very slight (1% absolute, preferably ⁇ 0.5% absolute) drop in the high transmission in the visible, measured at 750 nm.
- Figure 2 shows the transmission curves (transmittance [%] vs. wavelength [nm]) of an embodiment A1 and a comparative example V1 for the wavelength range 300 nm - 550 nm. The measurements were carried out on 0.3 mm thick samples.
- A1 is a LAS (Li 2 0-AI 2 O 3 -Si0 2) - glass-ceramic of the following composition:
- the ceramization is performed in a multistage process, which is characterized by heating ramps and hold times.
- the maximum temperature not exceeding 1000 ° C this case, the holding times are adjusted to the optimum crystallite growth.
- the crystallite size is generally. nm in the order of 20 to 90, the crystal phase is at least 50%.
- Comparative example V1 is a glass with the following composition:
- Figure 2 shows the. despite the low Ti0 2 content of A1 against the already well UV blocking glass V1 again significantly improved UV blocking of the glass ceramic A1 at very low negligible transmission loss in the visible.
- A1 is in some application-relevant basic properties preferred over V1: So is 0030/30 0 to about 0 ppm / K, well below the V1 (3.9 ppm / K), with the result that the material is more resistant to temperature changes, for example, in hot lamps. In addition, a better adaptation to silica glass is given, which is also often used in lamp construction a material.
- the thermal load capacity of A1 is at least 850 ° C (below which the material no longer deforms) compared to approx. 550 ° C for V1 (Tg ⁇ 500 ° C)
- Figure 3 shows the transmission curves (250 - 550 nm) of the embodiment A1 and A2 of an embodiment which is different from A1 only by its reduced Ti0 2 content (2.0 wt .-% instead of 2.6) as well as its elevated Si0 2 - (0.3 wt .-%) and increased Al 2 0 3 -, ZnO, Zr0 2 - (in each case 0.1 wt .-%) is different, and two comparative examples V2 and V3 which the green glasses, so the unceramized base glasses, from A1 and A2, where V2 has the same composition as A1 and V3 has the same composition as A2.
- V2 vs. V3 illustrates not only the improvement of the UV blocking by increasing the Ti0 2 content (V2 vs. V3), but in particular the large improvement in UV blocking by the ceramization (A1 vs. A2 V2 and V3 vs.).
- FIG. 4 shows the transmission curves of the exemplary embodiments A1 a and A1 b.
- a 1a and A 1 b have the same composition as A1. However, due to variations in the ceramization program, they contain crystallites with an average crystallite size of approx. 30 nm (A1 a) or approx. 50 nm (A1 b), which were determined by X-ray diffractometry.
- FIG. 4 shows that fine tuning of the UV edge is possible by varying the particle size.
- the maximum temperature / hold time of the crystal growth step was adjusted by varying the particle size of the ceramicization.
- FIG. 5 shows the transmission curve (350-600 nm) of an exemplary embodiment A3 before (A3a) and after (A3b) a 15-hour irradiation with a HOK-4 lamp.
- the measurements were performed on 0.7 mm thick specimens.
- the exemplary embodiment A3 is the sample of an alkali-containing LAS glass ceramic with a composition close to that of A1, namely
- FIG. 6 shows the transmission curve (300-600 nm) of a comparative example V4 before (V4a) and after (V4b) a 15-hour irradiation with a HOK-4 lamp.
- Comparative Example V4 is a glass of the composition (in% by weight)
- the measurements were performed on 0.2 mm thick specimens.
- the curves show that A1 and A4 also have good transmission properties, namely a high transmission in the visible and a sufficiently steep UV edge, in comparison to the glass V4 used commercially for UV blocking applications, also in lamps.
- Figure 8 shows the construction of a flat backlights namely a flat EEFL (external electrode fluorescent lamp) used in accordance with the invention, glass ceramic discs according to A1.
- EEFL external electrode fluorescent lamp
- 1a and 1 b are ceramic disks, but it is possible that only 1 a or 1 b is a glass-ceramic pane, while the other disk is a glass pane, for example a Aluminoborosilicatglascase. Good UV blocking is particularly important for the pane 1a, so the use of a glass ceramic pane is particularly preferred here.
- Embodiment A5 is particularly important for the pane 1a, so the use of a glass ceramic pane is particularly preferred here.
- the disc was used to prepare a flat backlight.
- FIG. 9 shows, as an exemplary embodiment 6, a glass ceramic pane of the composition A1, which is installed as a diffusion plate, which serves for homogeneous light distribution, in a flat display with conventional tubular fluorescent lamps. With a suitable adjustment of the crystal particle size they assume due to scattering effects of light diffusion and block may still last UVA B / C from.
- Embodiment A7 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment A7.
- the glass ceramic panes of the exemplary embodiments A5 and A6 consist of a transparent glass ceramic of the composition
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112005000110T DE112005000110A5 (de) | 2004-01-05 | 2005-01-04 | Verwendung von Glaskeramikscheiben |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004001176.1 | 2004-01-05 | ||
| DE200410001176 DE102004001176A1 (de) | 2004-01-05 | 2004-01-05 | Verwendungen von Glaskeramiken |
| DE200410024022 DE102004024022A1 (de) | 2004-05-13 | 2004-05-13 | Verwendung von Glaskeramikscheiben |
| DE102004024022.1 | 2004-05-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005066086A2 true WO2005066086A2 (de) | 2005-07-21 |
| WO2005066086A3 WO2005066086A3 (de) | 2006-01-26 |
Family
ID=34751366
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2005/000015 Ceased WO2005066086A2 (de) | 2004-01-05 | 2005-01-04 | Verwendung von glaskeramikscheiben |
| PCT/EP2005/000018 Ceased WO2005066990A2 (de) | 2004-01-05 | 2005-01-04 | Verwendungen von glaskeramiken |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2005/000018 Ceased WO2005066990A2 (de) | 2004-01-05 | 2005-01-04 | Verwendungen von glaskeramiken |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080227616A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2007517753A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE112005000110A5 (de) |
| TW (2) | TW200533623A (de) |
| WO (2) | WO2005066086A2 (de) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007141179A3 (de) * | 2006-06-02 | 2008-10-16 | Osram Gmbh | Entladungslampe für dielektrisch behinderte entladungen mit rippenartigen stützelementen zwischen bodenplatte und deckenplatte |
| US7507681B2 (en) | 2007-02-28 | 2009-03-24 | Eurokera | Glass-ceramic, articles and fabrication process |
| US8279162B2 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2012-10-02 | Osram Ag | Discharge lamp for dielectrically impeded discharge using a flat discharge vessel |
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| JP2008143718A (ja) * | 2006-12-05 | 2008-06-26 | Canon Inc | 光学ガラス |
| DE102008023826A1 (de) * | 2008-05-08 | 2009-11-12 | Schott Ag | Verfahren zum Verbinden von Bauteilen aus Glas oder Glaskeramik |
| EP2450320B1 (de) * | 2010-11-04 | 2014-01-08 | Corning Incorporated | Transparente AS2O3- und SB2O3-freie Spinellglaskeramik |
| TWI817081B (zh) | 2014-10-08 | 2023-10-01 | 美商康寧公司 | 具有葉長石及矽酸鋰結構的高強度玻璃陶瓷 |
| US11267747B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 | 2022-03-08 | Corning Incorporated | High strength, scratch resistant and transparent glass-based materials |
| FR3036700B1 (fr) | 2015-05-29 | 2021-04-16 | Eurokera | Vitroceramiques du type aluminosilicate de lithium, transparentes, essentiellement incolores, affinees a l'etain, avec une microstructure amelioree et des proprietes de dilatation thermique ameliorees |
| EP4446290A1 (de) * | 2023-04-13 | 2024-10-16 | Schott Ag | Glaskeramik mit geringem phasenvolumen und hoher optischer extinktion in nuv/vis/nir |
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2005
- 2005-01-04 TW TW094100173A patent/TW200533623A/zh unknown
- 2005-01-04 WO PCT/EP2005/000015 patent/WO2005066086A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-01-04 WO PCT/EP2005/000018 patent/WO2005066990A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-01-04 US US10/584,789 patent/US20080227616A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-01-04 JP JP2006546187A patent/JP2007517753A/ja active Pending
- 2005-01-04 TW TW094100118A patent/TW200526533A/zh unknown
- 2005-01-04 DE DE112005000110T patent/DE112005000110A5/de not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007141179A3 (de) * | 2006-06-02 | 2008-10-16 | Osram Gmbh | Entladungslampe für dielektrisch behinderte entladungen mit rippenartigen stützelementen zwischen bodenplatte und deckenplatte |
| US8279162B2 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2012-10-02 | Osram Ag | Discharge lamp for dielectrically impeded discharge using a flat discharge vessel |
| US8284153B2 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2012-10-09 | Osram Ag | Discharge lamp for dielectrically impeded discharge with rib-like supporting elements between the bottom plate and the top plate |
| US7507681B2 (en) | 2007-02-28 | 2009-03-24 | Eurokera | Glass-ceramic, articles and fabrication process |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20080227616A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
| WO2005066990A2 (de) | 2005-07-21 |
| TW200533623A (en) | 2005-10-16 |
| WO2005066086A3 (de) | 2006-01-26 |
| DE112005000110A5 (de) | 2009-04-16 |
| WO2005066990A3 (de) | 2005-09-29 |
| JP2007517753A (ja) | 2007-07-05 |
| TW200526533A (en) | 2005-08-16 |
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