WO2005059202A1 - 薄膜形成方法並びに該方法により薄膜が形成された基材 - Google Patents
薄膜形成方法並びに該方法により薄膜が形成された基材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005059202A1 WO2005059202A1 PCT/JP2004/018322 JP2004018322W WO2005059202A1 WO 2005059202 A1 WO2005059202 A1 WO 2005059202A1 JP 2004018322 W JP2004018322 W JP 2004018322W WO 2005059202 A1 WO2005059202 A1 WO 2005059202A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/54—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating
- C23C16/545—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating for coating elongated substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
- C23C16/505—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges using radio frequency discharges
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel thin film forming method using an atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment and a substrate on which a thin film is formed by the thin film forming method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an atmospheric pressure plasma film forming technology capable of achieving discharge even with a gas having a high firing voltage, such as nitrogen gas, by using a pulsed power source.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an atmospheric pressure plasma method.
- Patent Literature 3 discloses a technique for forming a nitride film by decomposing a raw material in a plasma space and forming a nitride film in an atmospheric pressure plasma method.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-324795
- Patent Document 1 the plasma density is low, and a high-quality film cannot be obtained.
- Patent Document 2 nitrogen excited by plasma is directly sprayed onto the silicon substrate to replace only a very small surface (a few nm) of the silicon substrate with nitrogen. No, no.
- the present inventors also disclosed in Patent Document 3. Inspection of the indicated technology showed that although silicon oxynitride film could be formed, the raw material tetramethylsilane was not sufficiently decomposed, and a large amount of carbon was mixed into the silicon nitride film. It was found that the function of the silicon film could not be exhibited.
- the use of expensive argon or helium as the discharge gas has no industrial advantage.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a thin film forming method capable of forming a high-quality thin film containing nitrogen at a high speed, thereby making it possible to manufacture a high-quality thin film at a low cost. To provide. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and as a result, by applying a specific high-frequency electric field, it is possible to achieve high-density plasma generation even with a discharge gas having a high discharge-starting electric field strength such as nitrogen, and obtain a good-quality thin film. It has been found that it is possible to form films at high speed, to operate cheaply and safely, and to reduce the environmental burden.
- the present invention has the following configurations.
- a gas containing a thin film forming gas is supplied to a discharge space under atmospheric pressure or a pressure close to the atmospheric pressure, and a high-frequency electric field is applied to the discharge space to excite the source and excite the substrate.
- the gas contains a gas having a nitrogen element
- the thin film formed on the substrate J is a nitride film
- the electric field is obtained by superimposing a first high-frequency electric field and a second high-frequency electric field.
- the frequency ⁇ 2 of the second high-frequency electric field is higher than the frequency ⁇ of the first high-frequency electric field
- the relationship between the intensity V 2 of the second high frequency electric field and the intensity IV of the discharge starting electric field is as follows.
- the method for forming a thin film wherein the output density of the second high-frequency electric field is 1 W / cm 2 or more.
- Configuration 8 The configuration according to any one of Configurations 2 to 7, wherein the first high-frequency electric field is applied to the first electrode, and the second high-frequency electric field is applied to the second electrode. Thin film forming method.
- Structure 12 The structure according to any one of Structures 1 to 11, wherein the thin film forming gas contains at least one selected from an organometallic compound, a metal halide, and a gold hydrogen compound. Thin film formation method.
- the organic metal compound contains at least one compound selected from an organic silicon compound, an organic titanium compound, an organic tin compound, an organic zinc compound, an organic aluminum compound and an organic aluminum compound.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of a jet type atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment apparatus useful for the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of an atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment apparatus of a type for treating a substrate between opposed electrodes useful in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of a roll rotating electrode having a conductive metallic base material and a dielectric material coated thereon.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of a conductive metal base material of a rectangular cylindrical electrode and a dielectric material coated thereon.
- the plasma discharge treatment is performed under the atmospheric pressure or a pressure near the atmospheric pressure.
- the pressure at or near the atmospheric pressure is about 20 kPa to 110 kPa, and in order to obtain the good effects described in the present invention, 93 kPa to 104 kP a is preferred.
- a gas to be supplied between the opposing electrodes discharge space
- the discharge condition according to the present invention includes a first high-frequency electric field and a second high-frequency electric field in a discharge space.
- the power density of the second high-frequency electric field is not less than 1 WZ cm 2 .
- High frequency refers to those having a frequency of at least 0.5 kHz.
- High-frequency electric field superimposed if are both sine wave becomes a first high-frequency electric field of a frequency ⁇ and the frequency ⁇ higher than the second high-frequency electric field of a frequency omega 2 and the superposed component, its waveform frequency on the sine wave of ⁇ , the ⁇ -shaped waveform higher than the sine wave of frequency ⁇ 2 which it overlaps.
- the intensity of the electric field at the start of discharge refers to the minimum electric field intensity that can cause a discharge in the discharge space (such as the configuration of the electrode) and the reaction conditions (such as the gas conditions) used in the actual thin film forming method.
- the discharge starting electric field strength varies somewhat depending on the type of gas supplied to the discharge space, the dielectric material of the electrodes, the distance between the electrodes, etc., in the same discharge space, it is dominated by the discharge starting electric field strength of the discharge gas. .
- a high-frequency electric field to the discharge space, a discharge capable of forming a thin film can be generated, and high-density plasma necessary for forming a high-quality thin film can be generated.
- the thin film formation of the present invention cannot be achieved by a method in which two application electrodes are juxtaposed and different high-frequency electric fields are applied to different discharge spaces separated from each other.
- superposition of a continuous wave such as a sine wave
- the present invention is not limited to this, and both pulse waves may be used, one may be a continuous wave, and the other may be a z-wave. Absent. Further, it may have a third electric field.
- the nitride film in the present invention is a film containing 10% or more of a nitrogen element in an XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) measurement method. Further, it is preferable that the ratio of the carbon element measured at this time is low. Specifically, it is preferable that the nitrogen element is 20% or more and the carbon element is 3% or less.
- the feature of the present invention is that by devising a method for applying a high frequency, the plasma density is increased, the raw material is sufficiently decomposed, and the contamination of the carbon component in the raw material with the formed film can be extremely reduced. is there. When nitrogen is used as the discharge gas, a nitride film can be more efficiently formed by the active nitrogen element excited by the plasma.
- a specific method of applying the high-frequency electric field of the present invention to the same discharge space is to apply a first high-frequency electric field having a frequency ⁇ and an electric field strength Vi to a first electrode constituting the counter electrode.
- a frequency omega 2 is a field intensity V 2 Rukoto is there.
- the above-mentioned atmospheric pressure plasma discharge processing apparatus is provided with a gas supply means for supplying a discharge gas and a thin film forming gas between opposed electrodes. Further, it is preferable to have an electrode temperature control means for controlling the temperature of the electrode.
- a first filter is connected to the first electrode, the first power supply or any one of them
- a second filter is connected to the second electrode, the second power supply or any one of them.
- the first filter passes the current of the second high-frequency electric field from the first power supply to the first electrode and sinks the current of the second high-frequency electric field
- the second filter supplies the second high-frequency electric field to the first power supply. It makes it difficult to pass a high-frequency electric field current.
- the second filter makes it easier to pass the second high-frequency electric field haze from the second power supply to the second electrode, grounds the current of the first high-frequency electric field, and connects the first high-frequency electric field to the first power supply.
- the first power supply of the atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment apparatus of the present invention has a capability of applying a higher frequency electric field strength higher than that of the second power supply.
- the high-frequency electric field strength (applied electric field strength) and the discharge starting electric field strength are measured by the following methods.
- a high-frequency voltage probe (P615A) is installed on each electrode, and the output signal of the high-frequency voltage probe is connected to an oscilloscope (Tektronix, TDS301B) to reduce the electric field strength. Measure. Measurement method of electric field strength IV (unit: kV / mm)
- a discharge gas is supplied between the electrodes, and the electric field strength between the electrodes is increased.
- the electric field strength at which the discharge starts is defined as a discharge start electric field strength IV.
- the measuring instrument is the same as the above-mentioned high-frequency electric field strength measurement.
- discharge can be started even in a discharge gas having a high discharge start electric field strength such as nitrogen gas, and a high-density and stable plasma state can be maintained.
- a thin film can be formed.
- the discharge gas is nitrogen gas according to the above measurement
- the discharge start electric field intensity IV (1/2 Vp-p) is about 3.7 kV / mm.
- an electric field strength of ⁇ ⁇ 3.7 kVZmm the nitrogen gas can be excited and turned into a plasma state.
- the frequency of the first power supply 200 kHz or less can be preferably used.
- the electric field waveform may be a continuous wave or a pulse wave. The lower limit is preferably about 1 kHz.
- the frequency of the second power supply is preferably 800 kHz or more.
- the upper limit is preferably about 200 MHz.
- the first filter facilitates passage of a current of a first high-frequency electric field from a first power supply to a first electrode, and a current of a second high-permeation electric field. To prevent the passage of the current of the second high-frequency electric field from the second power supply to the first power supply.
- the second filter makes it easier to pass the current of the second high-frequency electric field from the second electrode 1 to the second electrode, grounds the current of the first high-frequency electric field, and (2) It is difficult to pass the current of the first high-frequency electric field to the power supply.
- any filter having such properties can be used without limitation.
- a capacitor of several 10 pF to several tens of thousands pF or a coil of several H can be used according to the frequency of the second power supply.
- a coil of 10 ⁇ H or more can be used according to the frequency of the first power supply, and it can be used as a filter by grounding it through these coils or a capacitor.
- the atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment apparatus used in the present invention discharges gas between the opposed electrodes, brings the gas introduced between the opposed electrodes into a plasma state, and stands still between the opposed electrodes or between the opposed electrodes. By exposing the transferred substrate to the gas in the plasma state, a thin film is formed on the substrate.
- an atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment apparatus discharges a gas between the opposite electrodes as described above to excite or introduce a gas introduced between the opposite electrodes into a jet state outside the counter electrode. Is a jet method in which a gas in a plasma state is blown out and a thin film is formed on the base material by exposing the base material (which may be left still or transferred) near the counter electrode. Equipment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a jet type atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment apparatus useful for the present invention.
- the jet-type atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment apparatus is not shown in FIG. 1 in addition to the plasma discharge treatment apparatus and the electric field applying means having two power supplies (not shown later).
- This is an apparatus having a gas supply means and an electrode temperature adjusting means.
- the plasma discharge treatment apparatus 10 has a counter electrode composed of a first electrode 11 and a second electrode 12, and a first power supply 2 is provided between the counter electrode and the first electrode 11.
- the first high-frequency electric field of the frequency ⁇ from 1 and the electric field strength current I 1 is applied, and the frequency ⁇ 2 from the second power supply 22, the electric field strength V 2 , and the current I 2
- a second high-frequency electric field is applied.
- the first power source 21 can apply a higher frequency electric field strength (Vi> V 2 ) higher than the second power source 22 , and the first frequency ⁇ ⁇ of the first power source 21 can be applied to the second power source 22 . a lower frequency than the second frequency ⁇ 2 can be applied.
- a first filter 23 is provided between the first electrode 11 and the first power supply 21 to facilitate passage of current from the first power supply 21 to the first electrode 11, The current from the power source 22 is grounded so that the current from the second power source 22 to the first power source 21 is difficult to pass. ⁇
- a second filter 24 is provided between the second electrode 12 and the second power supply 22 to make it easier to pass a current from the second power supply 22 to the second electrode. It is designed so that the current from the power source 21 is grounded so that the current from the first power source 21 to the second power source does not easily pass.
- Gas G is introduced into the space (discharge space) 13 between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 from the gas supply means as shown in FIG. A high-frequency electric field is applied from 11 and the second electrode 12 to generate a discharge, and the gas G is blown out in a jet shape below the counter electrode (the lower side of the paper) while keeping it in a plasma state.
- the processing space created by the lower surface and the substrate F is filled with the gas G ° in the plasma state, and the unwinder force of the substrate (not shown) is the force that is unwound and transported, or A thin film is formed near the processing position 14 on the substrate F conveyed from the process.
- a medium is supplied from the electrode temperature control means as shown in FIG. Heat or cool the electrode through.
- an insulating material such as distilled water or oil is preferably used.
- Fig. 1 shows the measuring instruments used to measure the high-frequency electric field strength (applied electric field strength) and the discharge start electric field strength described above.
- Reference numerals 25 and 26 are high-frequency voltage probes, and reference numerals 27 and 28 are oscilloscopes.
- jet-type atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment devices can be connected in series and discharged in the same plasma state at the same time, they can be treated many times and can be treated at high speed. Also, if each device jets a gas in a different plasma state, it is possible to form a laminated thin film of different layers.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of an atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment apparatus of a type for treating a substrate between opposed electrodes useful in the present invention.
- the atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus having at least a plasma discharge treatment apparatus 30, an electric field applying means 40 having two power supplies, a gas supply means 50, and an electrode temperature adjusting means 60. is there.
- Fig. 2 shows the plasma discharge of the substrate F between the counter rotating electrode (first electrode) 35 and the fixed electrode group (second electrode) 36 with the rectangular rotating electrode 35 (discharge space) 32. This is to form a thin film by processing.
- the first power supply 41 has a frequency ⁇ from the first power supply, the first high-frequency electric field of the electric field strength current I 1, and the square cylindrical fixed electrode group (second electrode) 36 has a frequency from the second power supply 42.
- ⁇ 2 electric field strength V 2 , current I 2
- a second high-frequency electric field is applied.
- a first filter 43 is provided between the roll rotating electrode (first electrode) 35 and the first power supply 41, and the first filter 43 blocks a current from the first power supply 41 to the first electrode.
- the comb is designed so that the current from the second power supply 42 is grounded so that the current from the second power supply 42 to the first power supply does not easily pass.
- a second filter 44 is provided between the prismatic fixed electrode group (second electrode) 36 and the second power supply 42, and the second filter 44 is connected to the second power supply 42 by the second electrode 42.
- the first power source 41 is designed to make it easier to pass current, and the current from the first power source 41 is grounded so that the current from the first power source 41 to the second power source is hardly passed.
- the roll rotating electrode 35 may be the second electrode, and the rectangular cylindrical fixed electrode group 36 may be the first electrode.
- a first power supply is connected to the first electrode, and a second power supply is connected to the second electrode. It is preferable that the first power supply applies a high-frequency electric field strength higher than that of the second power supply.
- the frequency has the ability to become a ⁇ ⁇ 2.
- the current be I 1 and I 2.
- the current I 1 of the first high-frequency electric field is preferably 0.3 to 2 OmA / cm 2 , more preferably 1.0 to 2 OmAZcrm 2 .
- the current I 2 of the second microwave electric field is preferably 10 to 100 mZcm 2 , more preferably 20 to 10 OmAZcm 2 .
- the gas G generated by the gas generator 51 of the gas supply means 50 is introduced into the plasma discharge processing container 31 through the supply port 52 by controlling the flow rate.
- the base material F is unwound from the original roll (not shown) or is transported from the process or is transported from the process. Then, while being wound while being in contact with the roll rotating electrode 35, it is transferred between the square fixed electrode group 36 and the roll rotating electrode (first electrode) 35 and the square cylindrical fixed electrode group (second electrode). With 36 An electric field is applied from both sides to generate discharge plasma between the counter electrodes (discharge space) 32.
- the substrate F is wound while being kept in contact with the rotary electrode 35, and a thin film is formed on the surface by gas in a plasma state.
- the base material F is transferred to a next step through a roll-up roll 66 and a guide roll 67 to be wound by a winder (not shown).
- Discharged exhaust gas G ' is discharged from the exhaust port 53.
- the medium whose temperature has been adjusted by the electrode temperature adjusting means 60 is fed to heat or cool the roll rotating electrode (first electrode) 35 and the rectangular cylindrical fixed electrode (second electrode) 36.
- the liquid is fed to both electrodes via the pipe 61 by the liquid pump P, and the temperature is adjusted from the inside of the electrodes.
- Reference numerals 68 and 69 denote partition plates for separating the plasma discharge treatment container 31 from the outside.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of a conductive metallic base material of the roll rotating electrode shown in FIG. 2 and a dielectric material coated thereon.
- the roll electrode 35a is formed by coating a conductive metallic base material 35A and a dielectric material 35B thereon.
- the structure is such that a medium for adjusting the temperature (such as water or silicon oil) can be circulated.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of a conductive metal base material of a rectangular cylindrical electrode and a dielectric material coated thereon.
- a rectangular cylindrical electrode 36a has a coating of a dielectric material 36B similar to that of FIG. 3 on a conductive metallic base material 36A, and the structure of the electrode is as follows. It is a metal pipe that becomes a jacket that allows temperature control during discharge.
- the number of the rectangular cylindrical fixed electrodes is plural along the circumference larger than the circumference of the roll electrode, and the discharge area of the electrode is opposed to the rotary electrode 35. It is represented by the sum of the areas of the fixed square cylindrical fixed electrode surface.
- the roll electrode 35a and the rectangular cylindrical electrode 36a are respectively provided with a dielectric material 35B on a conductive metal base material 35A and 36A.
- sealing treatment was performed using a sealing material of an inorganic compound.
- alumina, silicon nitride, and the like are preferably used. Among them, alumina is particularly preferably used because it is easy to process.
- the dielectric layer may be a lining treated dielectric provided with an inorganic material by lining.
- titanium metal or titanium alloy As the conductive metallic base material 35 A and 36 A, titanium metal or titanium alloy, silver, platinum, stainless steel, aluminum, iron, or other metal, or a composite material of iron and ceramics or aluminum is used. Although a composite material with ceramics can be mentioned, titanium metal or a titanium alloy is particularly preferred for the reasons described below.
- the distance between the opposing first and second electrodes is the shortest distance between the surface of the dielectric and the surface of the conductive metal base material of the other electrode.
- the distance between the electrodes is uniform in all cases, depending on the thickness of the dielectric provided on the conductive metal base material, the magnitude of the applied electric field, the purpose of utilizing the plasma, etc. From the viewpoint of electric discharge, the thickness is preferably from 0.1 to 2 Otnm, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 2 mm.
- the plasma discharge processing container 31 may be made of metal as long as it can be insulated from the force electrode, which is preferably a Pyrex (R) glass processing container.
- the inner surface of an aluminum or stainless steel frame A grease or the like may be adhered, and the metal frame may be subjected to ceramic spraying to have an insulating property.
- the first power supply (high-frequency power supply) installed in the atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment apparatus of the present invention includes:
- A7 Pearl Industries 400 kHz CF-2000-400 k etc., and any of them can be used (
- the second power supply (high-frequency power supply)
- the mark * indicates a pulse from the Heiden Laboratory Impulse high-frequency power supply (100 kHz in continuous mode). It is. Others are high-frequency power supplies to which only a continuous sine wave can be applied. In the present invention, it is preferable to apply an electrode capable of maintaining a uniform and stable discharge state by applying such an electric field to the atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment apparatus.
- the power applied between the opposing electrodes is such that power (output density) of lWZcm 2 or more is supplied to the second electrode (second high-frequency electric field) to excite the discharge gas to generate plasma.
- Energy is applied to the thin film forming gas to form a thin film.
- the upper limit of the electric power to be subjected sheet to the second electrode is preferably 50 W / cm 2, more preferably 20W Z cm 2.
- the lower limit is preferably 1.2 WZ cm 2 .
- the discharge area (cm 2 ) refers to the area of the electrode where discharge occurs.
- the output density can be improved while maintaining the uniformity of the second high-frequency electric field. be able to.
- the upper limit of the power supplied to the first electrode is preferably 5 OWZcm 2 .
- the waveform of the high-frequency electric field is not particularly limited. There are a continuous sine wave continuous oscillation mode called a continuous mode, and an intermittent oscillation mode called an ONZOFF intermittently called a pulse mode.
- the high-frequency electric field (2) is preferably a continuous sine wave because a denser and higher quality film can be obtained. Electrodes used for such atmospheric pressure plasma thin film formation methods must be able to withstand severe conditions in terms of both structure and performance. Such an electrode is preferably a metal base material coated with a dielectric.
- the characteristics match between various metallic base materials and the dielectric, and one of the characteristics is a line between the metallic base material and the dielectric.
- Those combinations difference in thermal expansion coefficient is less than 1 0 X 1 0 one 6 Z ° c.
- Preferred properly is 8 X 1 0 one 6 / ° C or less, more preferably 5 X 1 0- 6 / ° C or less, further preferable properly is less than 2 X 1 0 one 6 Z ° C.
- the coefficient of linear thermal expansion is a physical property value of a known material.
- a combination of a conductive metallic base material and a dielectric material having a difference in linear thermal expansion coefficient within this range includes:
- Metallic base material is pure titanium or titanium alloy, dielectric is ceramic sprayed coating
- Metallic base material is pure titanium or titanium alloy, dielectric is glass lining
- Metallic base material is a composite material of ceramics and iron, and dielectric is ceramic sprayed
- Metallic base material is a composite material of ceramics and iron, and dielectric is glass lining
- Metallic base material is a composite material of ceramics and aluminum, and dielectric material is ceramic sprayed coating ''
- the metallic base material is a composite material of ceramics and aluminum, and the dielectric is glass lining.
- titanium or a titanium alloy is particularly useful as the metallic base material from the above characteristics.
- titanium or titanium alloy as the metallic base material and making the dielectric material as described above, there is no deterioration, especially cracking, peeling, or falling off, of the electrodes during use, and long-term use under severe conditions Can withstand.
- the metallic base material of the electrode useful in the present invention is a titanium composite containing 70% by mass or more of titanium. Gold or titanium metal.
- the content of titanium in the titanium alloy or the titanium metal can be used without any problem as long as it is 70% by mass or more, but preferably contains 80% by mass or more of titanium. .
- the titanium alloy or titanium metal useful in the present invention those generally used as industrial pure titanium, corrosion-resistant titanium, high-strength titanium and the like can be used. Examples of industrial pure titanium include TIA, TIB, TIC, TID, etc., all of which contain very little iron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, etc. The content is 99% by mass or more.
- titanium alloy T64, T325, T525, TA3, etc. containing aluminum and containing vanadium and tin can be preferably used.
- the content is 85% by mass or more.
- These titanium alloys or titanium metals have a coefficient of thermal expansion smaller than that of stainless steel, for example, AISI 316 by about 1 Z2, and have a dielectric material, described later, applied on the titanium alloy or titanium metal as a metallic base material. Combines well with the body and can withstand high temperatures and prolonged use.
- the dielectric be an inorganic compound having a relative dielectric constant of 6 to 45.
- examples of such a dielectric include alumina, nitrogen nitride, and silicon nitride.
- glass lining materials such as silicate glass and borate glass. Among them, those obtained by spraying ceramics described later are preferably provided by glass lining.
- a dielectric provided by spraying alumina is preferable.
- the porosity of the dielectric is 10% by volume or less, preferably 8% by volume or less, and preferably 0 volume. /. Over 5% by volume.
- the porosity of the dielectric can be measured by a BET adsorption method or a mercury porosimeter. In the examples described later, Shimadzu The porosity is measured using a fragment of a dielectric material coated on a metallic base material by a mercury porosimeter manufactured by the company. High durability is achieved by the dielectric having a low porosity. Examples of the dielectric having such voids and low porosity include a high-density, high-adhesion ceramic sprayed coating formed by an atmospheric plasma spraying method described later. In order to further reduce the porosity, it is preferable to perform a sealing treatment.
- the above-mentioned atmospheric plasma spraying method is a technology in which fine powders such as ceramics, wires, etc. are charged into a plasma heat source and sprayed as molten or semi-molten fine particles onto the metal base material to be coated to form a film.
- the plasma heat source is a high-temperature plasma gas in which a molecular gas is heated to a high temperature, dissociated into atoms, and further applied with energy to emit electrons.
- the spray speed of this plasma gas is high, and compared to conventional arc spraying and flame spraying, the sprayed material collides with the metal base material at a higher speed, so that a high adhesion strength and a high-density coating can be obtained. .
- the porosity of the dielectric (ceramic sprayed film) to be coated as described above can be obtained.
- the thickness of the dielectric is 0.5 to 2 mm. This variation in film thickness is desirably 5% or less, preferably 3% or less, and more preferably 1% or less.
- the sprayed film of ceramic or the like is further subjected to sealing treatment with an inorganic compound as described above.
- the inorganic compound a metal oxide is preferable, and among them, a compound containing silicon oxide (SiO x) as a main component is particularly preferable.
- the inorganic compound for pore-sealing treatment is formed by curing by a sol-gel reaction.
- the inorganic compound for the sealing treatment is mainly composed of a metal oxide, a metal alkoxide or the like is applied as a sealing liquid on the ceramic sprayed film, and Cures due to the
- the inorganic binder contains silica as a main component
- the content of the metal oxide after hardening is preferably 60 mol% or more.
- the content of Si (x is 2 or less) after curing is preferably 60 mol% or more.
- the Si i content after hardening is measured by analyzing the fault of the dielectric layer by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy).
- the maximum height (Rmax) of the surface roughness defined by JISB 0601 at least on the side of the electrode in contact with the base material is 10 / m or less. It is preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining the effects described in the present invention, but more preferably, the maximum value of the surface roughness is 8 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably, it is adjusted to 7 ⁇ m or less. . In this way, the thickness of the dielectric and the gap between the electrodes can be kept constant, the discharge state can be stabilized, and the heat shrinkage difference and residual Eliminating distortion and cracking due to stress, high accuracy, and greatly improved durability.
- polishing of the dielectric surface is preferably performed at least on the dielectric in contact with the substrate.
- the center line average surface roughness (R a) specified in JISB 0601 is 0.5 ⁇ m It is preferably at most 0.1 m, more preferably at most 0.1 m.
- the heat-resistant temperature is 100 ° C. or more. It is more preferably at least 120 ° C, particularly preferably at least 150 ° C. The upper limit is 500 ° C.
- the heat-resistant temperature refers to the highest temperature that does not cause dielectric breakdown at the voltage used in the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment and can withstand normal discharge. Such a heat resistance temperature is determined by applying the above-described ceramic spraying or a dielectric provided with a layered glass lining having a different amount of bubbles mixed therein, or a range of a difference in linear thermal expansion coefficient between the metallic base material and the dielectric. It can be achieved by appropriately combining means for appropriately selecting the materials inside.
- the supplied gas contains at least a discharge gas and a thin film forming gas.
- the discharge gas and the thin film forming gas may be supplied as a mixture or may be supplied separately.
- the discharge gas is a gas capable of generating a glow discharge capable of forming a thin film.
- Examples of the discharge gas include nitrogen, a rare gas, air, hydrogen gas, and oxygen, and these may be used alone as a discharge gas or may be used as a mixture.
- nitrogen is preferable as the discharge gas.
- 50 to 100% by volume of the discharge gas is nitrogen gas.
- the discharge gas other than nitrogen preferably contains a rare gas in an amount of less than 50% by volume.
- the amount of the discharge gas is preferably 90 to 99.9% by volume based on the total amount of gas supplied to the discharge space.
- Thin film forming gas is a raw material that excites itself and becomes active, and is chemically deposited on a substrate to form a thin film.
- the gas supplied to the discharge space for forming the thin film used in the present invention is discharge gas and thin film forming gas. There is also.
- the discharge gas preferably contains 90 to 99.9% by volume of the total gas supplied to the discharge space.
- Examples of the thin film forming gas used in the present invention include organometallic compounds, halogen metal compounds, and metal hydride compounds.
- the organometallic compounds useful in the present invention are preferably those represented by the following general formula (I).
- M is a metal
- R is an alkyl group
- R is an alkoxy group
- R is a group selected from a jS-diketone complex group, a ketocarboxylic ester complex group, a ketocarboxylic acid complex group, and a ketooxy group (ketooxy complex group).
- Examples of the alkyl group for R include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a butyl group.
- Examples of the alkoxy group for R include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, and a 3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy group.
- a hydrogen atom of an alkyl group may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- 1,4-pentanedione also called acetylaceton or acetoaceton
- 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethyl-2,4-pentanedione 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-13,51-heptane Dione
- 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione and the like examples include, for example, methyl acetate acetate, ethyl acetate acetate, ethyl acetate acetate acetate, and the like. Pill esters, methyl trimethylacetoacetate, methyl trifluoroacetoacetate and the like.
- ketocarboxylic acids include acetoacetic acid and trimethylacetoacetic acid.
- Ketooxy includes, for example, acetooxy group ( Or an acetoxy group), a propionyloxy group, a ptyryloxy group, an atariloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group, and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms of these groups is preferably 18 or less, including the organometallic compounds described above. As shown in the examples, it may be a straight-chain or branched one, or a hydrogen atom substituted with a fluorine atom.
- organometallic compounds are preferred due to handling problems, and organometallic compounds having at least one oxygen in the molecule are preferred.
- organometallic compounds containing at least one alkoxy group of R, 13-diketone complex group, ⁇ -ketocarboxylic acid ester complex group, ⁇ -ketocarboxylic acid complex group and ketoxoxy group (ketoxoxy group) of R Metal compounds having at least one group selected from complex groups) are preferred.
- the gas supplied to the discharge space may be mixed with an additive gas which promotes a reaction for forming a thin film, in addition to the discharge gas and the thin film-forming gas.
- the additive gas include oxygen, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and ammonia. Of these, oxygen, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen are preferable. Mixing is preferred.
- the content is preferably 0.01 to 5% by volume with respect to the total amount of the gas, whereby the reaction is promoted and a dense and high-quality thin film can be formed.
- the thickness of the formed oxide or composite compound thin film is preferably in the range of 0.1 to: L000 nm.
- an organometallic compound used for a thin film forming gas a metal halide
- a metal halide As the metal of the metal hydride, Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, N i, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, In, Ir, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Hf, Ta, W , Tl, Bi, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and the like.
- a metal compound such as an organometallic compound, a halogen metal compound, or a metal hydride compound together with a discharge gas
- highly functional Si 3 N 4 , NbN, and Ti N Etc. can be obtained.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the nitriding degree of the nitride is merely an example, and the composition ratio with the metal may be changed as appropriate.
- the thin film may contain impurities such as a carbon compound, a nitrogen compound, and a hydrogen compound in addition to the metal compound.
- particularly preferred metals of the metal compound are Si (silicon), Ti (titanium), Sn (tin), Zn (zinc), In (indium) and A 1 (aluminum).
- the organometallic compounds represented by the above general formula (I) are preferred.
- the tin compounds useful in the present invention include organotin compounds, tin hydride compounds, tin halides, and the like.
- organotin compounds include dibutylinoletoxy tin, and ptinoletin tris (2, 41 Pentanedionate), tetraethoxytin, methyltriethoxytin, getylethoxytin, triisopropylethoxytin, ethylethoxytin, methylmethoxytin, isopropylisopropoxytin, tetrabutoxytin, ethoxytin, dimethoxytin, Disopropoxy tin, dibutoxy tin, dibutylyloxy tin, getyl tin, tetrabutyl tin, tin bis (2,4-pentanedionate), ethyl tin acetate acetate, ethoxy tin (2,4-pentanedionate), dimethyl tin Di (2,4-pentanedionate), diacetomethylase Examples of t
- Titanium compounds useful in the present invention include organotitanium compounds, titanium hydride compounds, titanium halides, and the like.
- organotitanium compounds include triethoxytitanium, trimethoxytitanium, triisopropoxytitanium, tributoxytitanium, and tetratitanium.
- Examples of the silicon compound useful in the present invention include an organic silicon compound, a silicon hydride compound, and a halogenated silicon compound.
- Examples of the organic silicon compound include tetraethylsilane, tetramethylsilane, tetraisopropylsilane, and the like.
- silicon hydrogen compounds include tetrahydrogenated silane, dimethyldimethyoxysilane, getyl ethoxy silane, getyl silane di (2,4-pentanedionate), methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, and ethyltriethoxysilane.
- silicon halide conjugates such as hydrogenated disilane
- examples of silicon halide conjugates include tetrachlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane, and ⁇ -ethyldiethyl silane, all of which can be preferably used in the present invention.
- fluorine compounds can be used.
- Two or more of these thin film forming gases can be mixed and used at the same time.
- two or more of these tin compounds, titanium compounds and silicon compounds may be appropriately mixed and used at the same time.
- the content of the thin film-forming gas in the total gas is preferably from 0.01 to 10% by volume, more preferably. Is 0.01 to 1% by volume.
- the substrate used in the present invention will be described.
- the substrate used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can form a thin film such as a plate-shaped, sheet-shaped or film-shaped flat shape, or a three-dimensional shape such as a lens or a molded product on its surface.
- the form or material of the base material is not limited as long as the base material is exposed to the mixed gas in the plasma state both in the stationary state and the transfer state, and a uniform thin film is formed.
- the shape may be a planar shape or a three-dimensional shape. Examples of the planar shape include a glass plate and a resin film. Various materials such as glass, resin, pottery, metal, and nonmetal can be used.
- glass includes a glass plate or a lens
- resin includes a resin lens, a resin film, a resin sheet, a resin plate, or the like. Since the resin film can be continuously transferred between or near the electrodes of the atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment apparatus according to the present invention to form a transparent conductive film, sputtering is performed. It is suitable for mass production that is not a patch type such as a vacuum system, and is suitable as a continuous high productivity production system.
- the material of the molded product such as a resin film, a resin sheet, a resin lens, a resin molded product, include cellulose triacetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose acetate provionate or cellulose acetate butyrate.
- polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate ⁇ ⁇ polyethylene naphthalate, polyolefins such as polyethylene ⁇ polypropylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, syndiotactic polystyrene, polycarbonate, norpolenene Resin, polymethylpentene, polyetherketone, polyimide, polyethersulfone, polysnolephone, polyetherimide, polyamide, fluorine Fat, polymethyl ⁇ chestnut rate, can be cited Atari rate copolymers and the like. These materials may be used singly or as an appropriate mixture.
- ZEONEX (ZEONOR) (Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.), ARTON (amorphous cyclopolyolefin resin film) (JSR Co., Ltd.), Pure Ace of polycarbonate film (manufactured by Teijin Limited), cellulose triacetate film
- KONITAK KC4UX and KC8UX manufactured by Koniki Minolta Co., Ltd.
- the material has a large intrinsic birefringence V such as polycarbonate, polyarylate, polysulfone, and polyethersulfone, and the material is used, the conditions such as solution casting and melt extrusion, etc.
- a material that can be used can be obtained by appropriately setting stretching conditions and the like.
- a cellulose ester film that is nearly optically isotropic is preferably used for the optical element of the present invention.
- a cellulose ester film a cellulose triacetate film or a cellulose acetate propionate as described above is preferably used. one of.
- Konica Cat KC4UX a commercial product, is useful. Those having a surface coated with gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic resin, polyester resin, cellulose ester resin or the like can also be used.
- an antiglare layer, a clear hard coat layer, a paria layer, an antifouling layer and the like may be provided on the thin film side of these resin films.
- an adhesive layer, an alkali barrier coat layer, a gas barrier layer, a solvent-resistant layer, and the like may be provided as necessary.
- the substrate used in the present invention is not limited to the above description.
- the film thickness of the film is preferably from 10 to 1,000 ⁇ , more preferably from 40 to 200 im.
- a long film (1500 m wound film) of Konica Cat KC 4UX was used as a substrate, a back coat layer was applied on the back side and a hard coat layer was applied on the front side as described below, and the film was wound as a film roll.
- a silicon nitride film was formed on the film using the apparatus shown in FIG. That is, the substrate was unwound from the unwinder of the film roll, and barrier films (Sample Nos. 1 to 9) were produced on the hard coat layer using an atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment apparatus.
- the following backcoat layer coating composition was provided on one side of KONICATAC KC4UX, and a clear hard coat layer with a center line surface roughness (Ra) of 15 nm on a dry film thickness of 4 ⁇ m was provided on the other side. Then, a substrate coated with a clear hard coat layer was prepared.
- Dipentaerythritol hexaatalylate monomer 60 parts by mass Dipentaerythritol hexaatalylate dimer 20 parts by mass Dipentaerythryl], 1-hexaacrylate terpolymer
- a set of a roll electrode covered with a dielectric and a plurality of rectangular cylindrical electrodes similarly covered with a dielectric was produced as follows.
- the roll electrode, which is the first electrode is formed by coating a jacket roll metal base material made of titanium alloy T64, which has cooling means with cooling water, with a high-density, high-adhesion alumina spray coating by the atmospheric pressure plasma method.
- the diameter of the mouth is 100 mm. Sealing treatment and polishing of the coated dielectric surface were performed, and Rmax was set to 5 m.
- the final porosity of the dielectric (porosity with penetration) is almost 0% by volume.
- the SiO 2 x content was 75 mo 1%, the final dielectric film thickness was 1 mm, and the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material was 10. Furthermore the difference in linear thermal expansion coefficient of the conductive metal base material and the dielectric 1. 7 X 1 0- 6, the heat resistance temperature was 2 6 0 ° C.
- the rectangular cylindrical electrode of the second electrode was a hollow rectangular cylindrical titanium alloy T64 coated with the same dielectric material under the same conditions as above to form a group of opposed rectangular cylindrical fixed electrodes.
- the dielectric of this rectangular cylindrical electrode is the same as that of the above-mentioned roll electrode, R max of the dielectric surface, S i i ⁇ content of the dielectric layer, film thickness and relative permittivity of the dielectric, metal base material
- the difference in linear thermal expansion coefficient between the first electrode and the dielectric, and the heat-resistant temperature of the electrode were almost the same as those of the first electrode. Twenty-five such square-tube electrodes were arranged around the roll rotating electrode, with a counter electrode gap of l mm.
- an appropriate filter was installed.
- the first electrode (roll rotating electrode) and the second electrode (square cylindrical fixed electrode group) are adjusted and kept at 80 ° C, and the roll rotating electrode is rotated by a drive as follows. A thin film was formed. The first electric field and the second electric field were set under the following conditions, and each was grounded.
- the pressure was set to 103 kPa, and the following mixed gas was introduced into each discharge space and the inside of the plasma discharge treatment device, and the back coat layer and clear hard coat layer were coated on the clear hard coat layer of the substrate.
- a plasma discharge thin film was formed, and barrier films were fabricated as samples 1 to 9.
- the firing voltage of nitrogen gas in this system was 3.7 kV / miji. All were carried out with a filter installed.
- Discharge gas nitrogen 98.9 volume 0/0 film forming gas: tetra titanium isopropoxycarbonyl 0.1 volume 0/0
- Additive gas N 2 ⁇ gas 1 volume 0 / o
- a nitrogen-containing gas and a discharge gas type were used to form barrier films 1 to 9.
- the thickness of the formed film was measured and found to be 100 nm.
- the contents of carbon element and nitrogen element were measured using an XPS surface analyzer.
- ES CALAB-200R manufactured by VG Scientific was used. The measurement was performed at an output of 600 W (acceleration voltage 15 kV, emission current 4 OmA) using Mg as the X-ray anode. The energy resolution was set to be 1.5 to 1.7 eV when specified by the half-width of the Ag3d5Z2 peak.
- Oxygen permeation tester manufactured by Modern Contorl; OX—TRAN2 / 2 According to 0
- OX—TRAN2 / 2 According to 0
- Table 1 shows the above results.
- the unit of oxygen transmission concentration is [ml ⁇ 1 ⁇ / m 2 ⁇ Idyn ⁇ atm]
- the titanium nitride film produced by the method for forming a thin film of the present invention had a low carbon atom ratio, a lower oxygen gas transmittance than that of the comparative example, and had a good parier property.
- a high-density plasma can be generated using a cheap and safe discharge gas such as nitrogen, a dense thin film can be obtained, and a high-quality thin film can be formed at a high speed.
- a forming method can be provided. Thereby, a base material having a high-quality thin film with high quality can be provided at low cost.
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7934232B1 (en) | 2000-05-04 | 2011-04-26 | Jerding Dean F | Navigation paradigm for access to television services |
| US7961643B2 (en) | 2005-09-07 | 2011-06-14 | Mcdonald James F | Optimizing data rates for video services to a subscriber |
| US7962370B2 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2011-06-14 | Rodriguez Arturo A | Methods in a media service system for transaction processing |
| US7975277B1 (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2011-07-05 | Jerding Dean F | System for providing alternative services |
| US7992163B1 (en) | 1999-06-11 | 2011-08-02 | Jerding Dean F | Video-on-demand navigational system |
| US8006262B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2011-08-23 | Rodriguez Arturo A | Graphic user interfaces for purchasable and recordable media (PRM) downloads |
| US8006273B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2011-08-23 | Rodriguez Arturo A | Updating download options for unavailable media content |
| US8020184B2 (en) | 1999-06-11 | 2011-09-13 | Jerding Dean F | Channel control system for exiting from an interactive program guide |
| US8032914B2 (en) | 2000-11-10 | 2011-10-04 | Rodriguez Arturo A | Systems and methods for dynamically allocating bandwidth in a digital broadband delivery system |
| US8037504B2 (en) | 1999-06-11 | 2011-10-11 | Jerding Dean F | Video on demand system with selectable options of configurable random-access control |
| US8069259B2 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2011-11-29 | Rodriguez Arturo A | Managing removal of media titles from a list |
| US8161388B2 (en) | 2004-01-21 | 2012-04-17 | Rodriguez Arturo A | Interactive discovery of display device characteristics |
| US8191093B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2012-05-29 | Rodriguez Arturo A | Providing information pertaining to audio-visual and personal bi-directional services |
| US8516525B1 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2013-08-20 | Dean F. Jerding | Integrated searching system for interactive media guide |
| US8640172B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2014-01-28 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | System and method for characterization of purchasable and recordable media (PRM) |
| US8707153B2 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2014-04-22 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Displaying comment data corresponding to a video presentation |
| US8745656B2 (en) | 2002-02-11 | 2014-06-03 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Tracking of presented television advertisements |
| JP2016062803A (ja) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-04-25 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | プラズマ処理装置及び方法、電子デバイスの製造方法 |
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Cited By (23)
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| US7992163B1 (en) | 1999-06-11 | 2011-08-02 | Jerding Dean F | Video-on-demand navigational system |
| US8056106B2 (en) | 1999-06-11 | 2011-11-08 | Rodriguez Arturo A | Video on demand system with dynamic enablement of random-access functionality |
| US8037504B2 (en) | 1999-06-11 | 2011-10-11 | Jerding Dean F | Video on demand system with selectable options of configurable random-access control |
| US8020184B2 (en) | 1999-06-11 | 2011-09-13 | Jerding Dean F | Channel control system for exiting from an interactive program guide |
| US7992166B2 (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2011-08-02 | Jerding Dean F | Providing alternative services based on receiver configuration and type of display device |
| US7975277B1 (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2011-07-05 | Jerding Dean F | System for providing alternative services |
| US8739212B2 (en) | 2000-05-04 | 2014-05-27 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Configuration of presentations of selectable TV services according to usage |
| US7934232B1 (en) | 2000-05-04 | 2011-04-26 | Jerding Dean F | Navigation paradigm for access to television services |
| US8516525B1 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2013-08-20 | Dean F. Jerding | Integrated searching system for interactive media guide |
| US8707153B2 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2014-04-22 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Displaying comment data corresponding to a video presentation |
| US8069259B2 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2011-11-29 | Rodriguez Arturo A | Managing removal of media titles from a list |
| US7962370B2 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2011-06-14 | Rodriguez Arturo A | Methods in a media service system for transaction processing |
| US8032914B2 (en) | 2000-11-10 | 2011-10-04 | Rodriguez Arturo A | Systems and methods for dynamically allocating bandwidth in a digital broadband delivery system |
| US8640172B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2014-01-28 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | System and method for characterization of purchasable and recordable media (PRM) |
| US8191093B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2012-05-29 | Rodriguez Arturo A | Providing information pertaining to audio-visual and personal bi-directional services |
| US8006273B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2011-08-23 | Rodriguez Arturo A | Updating download options for unavailable media content |
| US8006262B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2011-08-23 | Rodriguez Arturo A | Graphic user interfaces for purchasable and recordable media (PRM) downloads |
| US8745656B2 (en) | 2002-02-11 | 2014-06-03 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Tracking of presented television advertisements |
| US8161388B2 (en) | 2004-01-21 | 2012-04-17 | Rodriguez Arturo A | Interactive discovery of display device characteristics |
| US9615139B2 (en) | 2004-01-21 | 2017-04-04 | Tech 5 | Determining device that performs processing of output pictures |
| US8189472B2 (en) | 2005-09-07 | 2012-05-29 | Mcdonald James F | Optimizing bandwidth utilization to a subscriber premises |
| US7961643B2 (en) | 2005-09-07 | 2011-06-14 | Mcdonald James F | Optimizing data rates for video services to a subscriber |
| JP2016062803A (ja) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-04-25 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | プラズマ処理装置及び方法、電子デバイスの製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JPWO2005059202A1 (ja) | 2007-07-12 |
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