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WO2005056482A1 - Purification d'eau - Google Patents

Purification d'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005056482A1
WO2005056482A1 PCT/FI2004/000755 FI2004000755W WO2005056482A1 WO 2005056482 A1 WO2005056482 A1 WO 2005056482A1 FI 2004000755 W FI2004000755 W FI 2004000755W WO 2005056482 A1 WO2005056482 A1 WO 2005056482A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
raw water
air flow
droplet separator
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI2004/000755
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ilkka Toivio
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2005056482A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005056482A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/34—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
    • B01D3/343—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas
    • B01D3/346—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas the gas being used for removing vapours, e.g. transport gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/16—Evaporating by spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
    • B01D1/305—Demister (vapour-liquid separation)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/265—Drying gases or vapours by refrigeration (condensation)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/06—Flash evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 for purifying water.
  • the invention also relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 9 applying said method.
  • a water purification arrangement from the British patent publication GB-894936.
  • Said arrangement includes two chambers, between which a closed air circuit is realized by means of a fan.
  • air is humidified by raw water, such as sea water
  • the air humidity is condensed into pure water.
  • the first chamber is provided with a spreader device.
  • Raw water is sprayed from the spreader device onto the heating pipes, the temperature of which is below the boiling point of water.
  • the water is evaporated, and it is transported along the current of air to the second chamber, where the air humidity is in turn condensed back to water.
  • the second chamber is provided with a second sprayer device, through which the already condensed water is sprayed into the chamber, on the cooling pipes located therein.
  • the humidity of the current of air is condensed in the chamber, and it is collected from the chamber bottom.
  • the spreader device of the first chamber is rapidly blocked by water impurities and, in the case of sea water, by the salt contained therein.
  • Known spreader devices generally comprise a sieve or screen with tiny perforations, through which the pressurized water is fed. The tiny perforations in the sieve collect raw water impurities or salt, and do not let water through anymore.
  • These kind of spreader devices should be cleaned very often, in case they are used in a water purification device for treating raw water. This, however, is not functional. In practice said spreader devices cannot be used in water purification devices.
  • Another alternative is that raw water is filtered by an effective filter before feeding it into the spreader device.
  • the filter is an auxiliary device in the water purifying arrangement, and it also needs a lot of maintenance. In addition, the filter does not prevent the salt from sea water from entering the spreader device.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the drawbacks connected to known water purification methods and arrangements.
  • Another object of the invention is to realize a novel method and arrangement for purifying water, said method and arrangement being suited in the treatment of many types of raw waters in various different usage environments.
  • Another object of the invention is to introduce a novel droplet separator for a water purification device.
  • tiny liquid droplets such as water droplets, can be effectively separated from a gas flow, such as an air flow.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to introduce a novel sprinkler device for a water purification device.
  • the original liquid such as water
  • the original liquid can be made into a water jet that spreads in the surroundings in a fanlike shape and is at the same time effectively distributed in small droplets.
  • a remarkable advantage of the sprinkler device is that the original liquid may contain various particles and even relatively large earth or mineral particles or other similar particles without blocking the device. Likewise, various different substances can be dissolved in the liquid without remarkably affecting the operation of the sprinkler device.
  • a method according to the invention for purifying water is characterized by what is set forth in claim 1.
  • the dependent claims 2 - 8 illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • the method according to the invention for purifying water makes use of two chambers and a closed air circuit arranged therebetween, said method comprising the following steps:
  • a temperature difference is arranged between the chambers, so that the temperature in the first chamber is higher than the temperature in the second chamber,
  • a humidified second air flow is conducted in the second chamber, and - at least part of the humidity of the second air flow is condensed in the second chamber and recovered as pure water, in which case the humidity content of the first air flow leaving the second chamber is reduced,
  • the temperature difference between the chambers is maintained by thermally insulating at least one of the chambers
  • the following can be maintained.
  • a water purifying arrangement that is simple in structure and capable of automatically adjusting itself in balance, as long as there is a sufficient but relatively small temperature difference between the first and second chamber.
  • the flow rate of the air flow circulating through the channels and chambers is set, for example according to measurements, at a suitable constant speed, whereafter there is little need to intervene in the process.
  • Raw water can be heated by various different methods, for instance by utilizing waste heat from other processes or by making use of solar energy. This is simple to realize, when the raw water is heated particularly outside the first chamber.
  • the temperature difference between the chambers is maintained, and at the same time thermal losses are minimized, by thermally insulating at least one of the chambers, preferably the first chamber.
  • the advantage is that now the chamber temperature is raised near to the raw water temperature, and the humidity of the air flow passing through the first chamber is optimized. Without thermal insulation, thermal losses can be really large, and the output as pure water is not satisfactory.
  • the temperature of the surroundings is relatively high, it is advantageous to thermally insulate also the second chamber or, as an alternative, only the second chamber.
  • the aim is that the condensing of the water vapor brought into the second chamber by the air flow is enhanced by providing the second chamber with heat insulation, in which case the hot surroundings cannot raise the temperature in the second chamber.
  • raw water drops are removed from the humidified air flow in several functional steps before it arrives in the second chamber.
  • One-step droplet removal is usually not enough for eliminating finely divided liquid mist, particularly water mist, but several successive droplet removal steps must be applied, which steps are preferably realized by means of several successive droplet separator units.
  • the raw water is first set in a rotary motion with respect to the axis, whereafter it is allowed to be discharged through an exhaust aperture parallel with the axis in a rotary and outwardly expanding, spiraling motion.
  • an exhaust aperture parallel with the axis in a rotary and outwardly expanding, spiraling motion.
  • the diameter of the exhaust aperture is not a critical factor for the creation of tiny droplets, but the aperture can be relatively large.
  • the diameter of the exhaust aperture is arranged to be preferably within the range 10 - 30 mm.
  • the spraying of the raw water is arranged to take place upwardly.
  • An advantage of this arrangement is that the distribution of the jet in droplets is enhanced by gravity.
  • Another advantage is that in that case the pressure of the raw water can in most cases be moderate and energy- efficient.
  • the first air flow is brought in the first chamber at the bottom part of said chamber, and the humidified second air flow is arranged to be exhausted through the top part of the first chamber.
  • the thermal losses of the humidified air flow are minimized by thermally insulating the passage of the air flow at least as far as the removal step of the raw water drops.
  • the arrangement according to the invention for purifying water comprises a first and second chamber, between which chambers there are arranged two air ducts and in one of the ducts a fan for providing for the circulation of air between the chambers, wherein a first air flow is conducted through the first air duct from the second chamber to the first chamber, and through the second air duct from the first chamber to the second chamber; between the chambers, there is arranged a temperature difference by heating means provided in connection with the first chamber and by cooling means provided in connection with the second chamber, so that the temperature of the first chamber is higher than the temperature of the second chamber; said first chamber is provided with raw water supply means for feeding raw water to the chamber for increasing the humidity of the first air flow fed therein, and the second chamber is provided with humidity condensing means for reducing the humidity of the second air flow fed therein and for producing purified water.
  • a first air flow is conducted through the first air duct from the second chamber to the first chamber, and through the second air duct from the first chamber to the second chamber
  • the heating means provided in connection with the first chamber are realized by means of a raw water heating device and a hot raw water sprinkler equipment, said sprinkler equipment being arranged to serve as raw water supply means, and said raw water heating device being located outside the first chamber, and the sprinkler equipment being located inside the chamber, - at least one of the chambers is provided with heat insulation, and
  • the second air duct is provided with a droplet separator for separating and removing raw water drops from the second air flow.
  • An advantage of the invention is that the raw water heat sources can be easily chosen among the ones that are available.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that by means of thermal insulation, a relatively small but sufficient temperature difference can be maintained between the chambers, in order to make the air circulation absorb humidity in the first step and condense humidity in the second step.
  • An advantage of a preferred embodiment of the invention is that favorable conditions for the absorption of humidity in the air circulation can be maintained in the first chamber, because the chamber is thermally insulated.
  • An advantage of the invention is that by means of the droplet separator unit, tiny liquid droplets, particularly water droplets, are prevented from entering the second chamber, where they could pollute or in general spoil the pure water produced by the arrangement.
  • the droplet separator includes a number of successive droplet separator units.
  • said units may include for example a droplet separator unit provided with a number of essentially vertical spiral channels, and/or a droplet separator unit comprising a rotary blade wheel rotating freely around its axis in the air flow, said blade wheel including a number of blades.
  • the droplet separator includes at least two droplet separator units, the first droplet separator unit comprising a number of walls changing the direction of the air flow, and the second droplet separator unit comprising a number of essentially vertical spiral channels.
  • the raw water sprinkler equipment includes at least one first sprinkler device, comprising a tank space that is rotation symmetrical with respect to its lengthwise axis, narrowing from the first end towards the second end, said first end being provided with a tangentially oriented raw water feed aperture, and the second end being provided with an exhaust aperture arranged on the axis, through which exhaust aperture water is arranged to be discharged.
  • raw water is first set in a rotary motion with respect to the axis, and then it is allowed to be discharged through the exhaust aperture arranged on the axis, in a rotary, spiraling motion that is outwardly expanding.
  • a raw water spraying method that was introduced above and is described in claim 3.
  • An advantage of this embodiment of the invention is that the diameter of the exhaust aperture is not a critical factor for the formation of tiny droplets.
  • the exhaust aperture can be relatively large.
  • the diameter of the exhaust aperture is preferably in the range 10 - 30 mm.
  • An advantage of this kind of raw water spraying is that the raw water quality does generally not cause problems in the operation, as was already maintained above.
  • the raw water sprinkler equipment includes a number of sprinkler devices that are arranged in successive sub-chambers of the first chamber, said sub-chambers being mutually separated by walls, so that air can freely circulate past the wall edges and proceed through the first chamber.
  • the air flow is brought in the first chamber and in contact with the sprayed hot raw water in several successive steps.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that the air flow passing through the first chamber is made to maximally absorb the humidity, i.e. there is achieved a relative humidity of nearly 100%.
  • the air flow temperature is raised so that it at least approaches the temperature of the hot raw water. It is pointed out that the air saturation humidity grows, the warmer the air is. Consequently, by means of these arrangements, the water content of the air flow conducted from the first chamber to the second chamber is maximized.
  • the sprinkler device is arranged in the bottom part of the first chamber, so that the exhaust aperture is directed upwardly.
  • the outlet end of the first air duct is connected to the bottom part of the first chamber, and the inlet end of the second air duct is connected to the top part of the first chamber.
  • This arrangement is particularly well suited to be used, when the sprinkler device is arranged in the bottom part of the first chamber, so that the exhaust aperture is directed upwardly.
  • the advantage is that by this arrangement, the air flow is made to be exhausted through the hot end, i.e. the top part of the first chamber, in which case its humidity also is at its maximum value.
  • the cooling equipment provided in connection with the second chamber comprises a humidity condensing device that is arranged in the second chamber, and a cooling arrangement for cooling the condensing device.
  • the humidity condensing device so that it includes at least one second sprinkler device.
  • the structure of the device can thus be similar to the structure of the above described first sprinkler device that is applied in the first chamber.
  • the cooling arrangement includes pure water recirculation means, by which pure water is fed to the second sprinkler device and recirculated via the chamber to the cooling device for maintaining the temperature of the pure water clearly lower than the temperature of the hot raw water.
  • an advantage of the above described embodiments is that the condensing device realized by means of sprinkler devices functions effectively; the pure water broken into tiny droplets, the temperature of which is clearly lower than the temperature of raw water, binds the humidity of the entering warm air flow.
  • the sprinkled pure water is particularly cooled directly, which enhances the keeping of the second chamber cool and the condensing of the humidity in the pure water.
  • a second droplet separator which advantageously is realized of at least two droplet separator units.
  • the advantage in this embodiment is that the aim is to recover all of the pure water.
  • Another advantage is that the humidity content of the air flow leaving the second chamber is clearly reduced, and the air flow preferably contains neither remarkable quantities of humidity nor, owing to the droplet separator, tiny droplets of liquid, particularly water, which are returned to the second chamber to increase the output.
  • the second droplet separator includes a droplet separator unit provided with a number of essentially vertical spiral channels.
  • This droplet separator utilizes droplet separator units that are in structure similar to those arranged between the first and second chamber in the first droplet separator.
  • the fan is fitted in connection with the second air duct, and it is also arranged to serve as one of the droplet separator units.
  • the fan is particularly a centrifugal fan. It is advantageous to combine two functions in one and the same device, as is the case in here.
  • the droplet separator for separating liquid droplets from the gas flow includes at least one droplet separator unit comprising an essentially vertically rising, spiraling pipe, the inner space whereof forms a spiral channel.
  • a gas flow such as an air flow, containing liquid droplets, such as water droplets, is conducted into the separator unit through an inlet located at the bottom, and respectively out of the separator unit through an inlet located at the top.
  • the air flow assumes a spiraling motion, so that the droplets are sprinkled against the outer pipe walls and trickle down and out of the air flow inlet aperture.
  • the pipe of the droplet separator unit is realized as a corrugated pipe.
  • the inner surface of the pipe is corrugated and forms an uneven collision surface for the liquid droplets, which further enhances the capture of the liquid droplets.
  • a sprinkler device for spraying liquid such as water, particularly for spraying waste water and/or sea water
  • a tank space that is rotation symmetrical with respect to its lengthwise axis and narrowed from the first end towards the second end, said first end being provided with a tangentially oriented raw water feed aperture, and the second end being provided with an exhaust aperture arranged on the axis, through which exhaust aperture water is arranged to be discharged.
  • liquid is first set in a rotary motion with respect to the axis, and then it is allowed to be discharged through the exhaust aperture arranged on the axis, in a rotary, spiraling motion that is outwardly expanding.
  • a liquid jet with tiny droplets to be discharged through the exhaust aperture, the formation of which jet is based on the centrifugal motion. Therefore the diameter of the exhaust aperture is not a critical factor to the formation of tiny droplets, but the exhaust aperture can be relatively large.
  • the diameter of the exhaust aperture of the sprinkler device is preferably 10 - 30 mm.
  • the sprinkler device feed aperture is of the same order, it is obvious that at least particles with a diameter in the range of a few millimeters pass through the sprinkler device without disturbing its operation. Even if the ingredients contained in the liquid are precipitated and accumulated on the exhaust aperture edges, the aperture is not immediately blocked, but the flowing of the liquid through the aperture continues.
  • the tank space is realized by a bottom element and a dome, where the bottom element constitutes a flat, cylindrical housing, in which the feed aperture and feed connection are tangentially fitted, and the dome forms the tank space proper, which dome is detachably connected, for example by threadings, to the bottom element.
  • a is rotation symmetrical conical projection protruding towards the dome.
  • the advantage of this application is that by means of the projection, there is provided a clear annular proceeding route for the liquid immediately as it is fed in through the feed aperture of the sprinkler device. It is, however, pointed out that the projection is not necessary, and that for example when the liquid is water, it is conducted, owing to the tangential connection of the feed aperture, to an orbit around the axis, circulating the center axis and conforming to the inner wall of the tank space.
  • the tank space of the sprinkler device is hemispherical in shape.
  • the shape of the tank space is, at least in the vicinity of the exhaust aperture, conical and narrowing from the tank space diameter.
  • the tank space can be straight or curved, so that said lines are mutually approaching and thus meet the exhaust aperture.
  • a hemisphere is a functional and production-technically profitable shape.
  • the edge of the sprinkler device exhaust aperture is provided with a number of projections and/or recesses that are arranged in the opening direction of the aperture.
  • the liquid is allowed to be discharged through an exhaust aperture arranged on the axis, in a spiraling and outwardly expanding motion. In some cases the liquid tends to be discharged in a thin, gauze-like film from the exhaust aperture. This can now be avoided by breaking the edge line of the exhaust aperture by suitable small projections or respective recesses. By this procedure it is ensured that the liquid jet discharged from the exhaust aperture has tiny droplets.
  • figure 1 is a schematical illustration of an arrangement according to the invention
  • figure 2 is a cross-sectional illustration of a droplet separator
  • figure 3A is a cross-sectional illustration of a droplet separator unit or a corresponding droplet separator
  • figure 3B illustrates the cross-section of a second droplet separator unit or a corresponding droplet separator pipe
  • figure 4A is a cross-sectional illustration of a sprinkler device
  • figure 4B is a top-view illustration of a sprinkler device, with the dome removed
  • figure 4C is a top- view illustration of a sprinkler device
  • figure 5 A is a cross-sectional illustration of the exhaust aperture of another sprinkler device.
  • figure 5B is a top- view illustration of said exhaust aperture
  • figure 6 is a schematical illustration of the droplet separator and fan provided in connection with the second air duct
  • figure 7 is a schematical illustration of the sub-chambers of the first chamber, provided with sprinkler devices .
  • FIG. 1 An arrangement for purifying water according to the invention is schematically illustrated in figure 1.
  • a first air flow Al is conducted from the second chamber 2 to the first chamber 1, and through the second air duct 4 from the first chamber 1 to the second chamber 2.
  • a temperature difference ⁇ T Between the chambers 1, 2 there is arranged a temperature difference ⁇ T.
  • the chamber temperature is set at the first temperature Tj .
  • the cooling equipment 7, 71 provided in connection with the second chamber is in turn used for setting its temperature at the second temperature T 2 , so that the temperature of the first chamber 1 is higher, T ⁇ > T 2 , than the temperature of the second chamber 2, and that the temperature difference therebetween is ⁇ T.
  • the first chamber 1 includes raw water supply means for feeding raw water RW to the chamber 1 in order to increase the humidity of the first air flow Al fed therein.
  • the second chamber 2 is provided with humidity condensing means for reducing the humidity of the second air flow A2 fed therein and for producing purified water W.
  • the heating means provided in connection with the first chamber 1 are realized by a raw water RW heating device 18 and hot raw water RW1 sprinkler equipment 6.
  • the sprinkler equipment 6 is arranged to serve as the supply means for raw water RW.
  • the raw water heating device 18 is located outside the first chamber 1 , and the sprinkler equipment 6 is located inside the chamber.
  • At least one of the chambers 1, 2, in this embodiment the first chamber 1, is surrounded by heat insulation 16; 16a.
  • the second chamber 2, or even both chambers 1, 2 can be provided with heat insulation, such as a heat insulation layer 16; 16b.
  • the heat insulation layer 16; 16a, 16b is realized for example by polyurethane foam or the like.
  • the second air duct 4 includes a droplet separator 8 for separating and removing raw water droplets from the second air flow A2.
  • the first chamber 1 includes a sprinkler equipment 6 serving as raw water supply means. Thereby hot raw water RW is fed in small droplets RW1 to the chamber 1 for humidifying the air flow passing therethrough.
  • the sprinkler equipment 6 preferably includes a sprinkler device 60; 60a.
  • the second chamber 2 is provided with air humidity condensing means, such as a condensing device 7.
  • air humidity condensing means such as a condensing device 7.
  • the first chamber 1 of the purification chamber includes a first sprinkler device 60; 60a, by which raw water (temperature Tj is about 60 - 80°C) is first sprayed, i.e. rendered in a relatively small droplet size.
  • the dry and relatively cool air flow (temperature advantageously in the range 20 - 40°C) is conducted from the outlet end 3b of the first air duct 3 to said chamber 1, particularly to its bottom part la, through the sprinkled hot raw water RW1 and further out of the chamber, particularly through its top part lb, to the inlet end 4a of the second air duct 4.
  • the air flow leaving the chamber 1 is remarkably warmer owing to the raw water temperature, and its relative humidity is increased (for roughly 70 - 90%).
  • the first chamber 1 is the heating and humidifying chamber of the air flow.
  • the humid and warm air flow is first arranged to pass through the droplet separator 8, whereafter it is conducted to the second chamber 2.
  • the droplet separator 8 prevents the raw water drops from proceeding along with the air flow to the second chamber 2.
  • the humid and warm air flow coming from the outlet of the second air duct 4 is conducted to humidity condensing means, such as a condensing device 7, where the air flow is cooled off (to a temperature T 2 that is roughly 20 - 40°C), and as a consequence, the water vapor contained therein is condensed into pure water Wl .
  • T 2 that is roughly 20 - 40°C
  • Raw water RW is heated outside the chamber 1. Heating can be realized for instance in a separate raw water tank 14 or in a corresponding tank by means of a heating device, such as a heat exchanger 18, connected thereto, for example by utilizing the waste heat from a power plant, a power tool or the like, or for instance by utilizing solar energy.
  • the required raw water RW temperature is roughly 50 - 80°C, which means that many different kinds of heat sources can be utilized, depending on the size and capacity of the equipment.
  • the hot raw water RW is transferred, along the inlet pipe 14a, at a suitable pressure, for example by means of a pump 15, to a sprinkler device 60; 60a and to the chamber 1 in tiny raw water droplets RW1.
  • the raw water collected at the bottom of the chamber 1 is conducted to the outlet pipe 14b and further back to the tank 14.
  • the tank 14 is provided with a supply and exhaust pipe 14c, 14d. In this way for example the accumulation of salt in the tank is prevented, when the employed raw water is sea water.
  • At least one of the chambers 1, 2, preferably the first chamber 1, is provided with heat insulation 16.
  • the cooling equipment provided in connection with the second chamber 2 comprise a humidity condensing device 7 serving as the humidity condensing means and being arranged in the second chamber 2, and a cooling arrangement 71, 90 for cooling the condensing device 7.
  • the humidity condensing device 7 includes a second sprinkler device 60; 60b.
  • the second sprinkler device 60b can be similar as the first sprinkler device 60, but it can also be realized by means of conventional nozzles, one or several, provided with small perforations.
  • the cooling arrangement 90 includes pure water W recirculation means 72a, 72b, 73, whereby pure water W is fed n the second sprinkler device 60; 60b and recirculated via the chamber 2 to the cooling device 90 for maintaining the pure water temperature clearly lower in comparison with the hot raw water temperature.
  • the pure water recirculation means 71 include inlet and outlet pipes 72a, 72b, and a pump 73 in the inlet pipe 72a.
  • the cooling device 90 is connected to the inlet and outlet pipes 72a, 72b outside the second chamber 2.
  • the cooling device 90 is advantageously a heat exchanger that is immersed in a suitable cooling tank 72.
  • pure water W is fed from the cooling device 90 to the sprinkler device 60b, and then it is sprayed in tiny droplets Wl to the second chamber 2, whereafter the water is collected from the bottom of the chamber 2 to the outlet pipe 72b and fed to the cooling device 90.
  • the cooling tank 72 is for example the sea, the temperature whereof can be for instance 25 - 30°C. Thus it is clearly lower than the temperature of the hot raw water RW1 in the chamber 1 and the temperature of the humid air flow entering the second chamber 2.
  • the cooling arrangement particularly the recirculation means 71, can be thermally insulated, in case for example the temperature of the surroundings is relatively high or in case it at least temporarily rises relatively high.
  • the condensing device 7 can be realized by another known method, for example as a pipework that is arranged to pass through the second chamber 2, provided with suitable cooling, such as water or air cooling.
  • suitable cooling such as water or air cooling.
  • An air flow is conducted through the pipework from the second air duct 3, so that the humidity is, owing to the low temperature, condensed in the pipework, from where is conducted out.
  • the second chamber 2 there is treated pure water, which means that unlike in the first chamber 1 , the corrosive factors of waste or salt water are not present. Therefore the treatment of the air flow, the humidity contained therein and the water is on the pure water side clearly simpler, and many different kinds of known condensing means can be utilized.
  • condensed pure excess water W2 is recovered for example from the bottom of the second chamber 2 by conducting it out through an overflow pipe 21.
  • the cooled air flow that has lost most of its humidity is conducted to the first air duct 3 and to a second droplet separator 9 arranged at the first end 3 a thereof, and further via a fan 5, such as an axial and/or centrifugal fan, to the first chamber 1.
  • a fan 5 such as an axial and/or centrifugal fan
  • the droplet separator 8 arranged in the second air duct 4 comprises a number of successive droplet separator units 81, 82, 83.
  • the droplet separator 8 includes is at least two droplet separator units, of which the first droplet separator unit 81 comprises a number of walls 81a changing the direction of the air flow, and the second droplet separator unit 82 comprises a number of essentially vertical spiral channels 82a.
  • a third droplet separator unit 83 can be added, comprising a blade wheel rotating freely around its axis in the air flow, provided with a number of blades.
  • the two first droplet separator units 81, 82 are used for separating relatively large droplets from the air flow, and the latter droplet separator 83 utilizing centrifugal forces is used for eliminating droplet mist by driving it onto the separator walls, from where it trickles as liquid back to the first chamber or directly to a raw water store or the like.
  • the second droplet separator unit or a corresponding droplet separator 82 comprises one (cf. figure 3 A) or advantageously a number (cf. figure 2) of essentially vertical spiral channels 82a, fitted in a suitable housing 820.
  • Each droplet separator unit 82 is arranged so that its inlet aperture 821a is placed low and its outlet aperture 821b is placed high.
  • the inlet apertures 821a are connected to the side of the first chamber 1 in a common inlet chamber 822a, and the outlet apertures are arranged in a common outlet chamber 822b.
  • the inlet chamber 822a is connected to the outlet aperture of the first droplet separator unit 81, and respectively the outlet chamber 822b is connected to the inlet aperture of the third droplet separator unit 83.
  • the spiral channel 82a of the second droplet separator unit 82 or a corresponding droplet separator is realized of pipe 821 that is wound in a spiraling fashion around an elongate, straight center axis A - A, as can be seen especially in figure 3A.
  • the pipe 821 is realized of a straight and smooth pipe.
  • the employed pipe material can be a suitable neutral and wear-resistant plastic, or as an alternative, for instance stainless steel, even.
  • the centrifugal forces affect the air flow proceeding in the spiral channel 82a, and particularly the relatively heavy water droplets contained therein, in which case the droplets collide in the channel walls and trickle in the channel downwards to a suitable collection vessel, or along the pipe to a raw water store.
  • the spiral channel 82a is realized as corrugated pipe, as is illustrated in the cross-section shown in figure 3B.
  • the inner pipe wall is provided with undulating bulges 823 and valleys 824 alternating in succession in the lengthwise direction of the pipe, said bulges and valleys enhancing the purification of the air flow, proceeding in a spiraling motion in the spiral channel 82a, of water droplets.
  • a preferred embodiment of the sprinkler device 60; 60a, 60b that is applied for spraying raw water at least in the first chamber 1 is illustrated in figures 4 A, 4B, 4C, and another preferred embodiment is illustrated in figures 5 A and 5B.
  • the sprinkler device 60 comprises a tank space 61, in connection with which there is provided a feed aperture 62 and an exhaust aperture 63.
  • the tank space 61 is formed of a space that is narrowed from the first end 61a to the second end 61b and is rotation symmetrical in relation to the axis B - B.
  • a feed aperture 62 directed towards the tank space.
  • an exhaust aperture 63 which is round.
  • raw water is fed in through the feed aperture 62 (cf. the arrow) at a suitable pressure, and the water is respectively arranged to be discharged through the exhaust aperture 63. Owing to the tangential feed direction, the water obtains a rotary motion in the tank space and is forced, maintaining its motion, out through the exhaust aperture 63, breaking into small droplets in the process.
  • An advantage of the sprinkler device is that the exhaust aperture 63 is relatively large, wherefore it is not easily blocked. Blocking is the danger with most sprinkler devices, because the raw water can be salt water, such as sea water, or some other kind of polluted water not fit for household water, possibly containing various different pollution, earth or other particles of different sizes.
  • the diameter D of the exhaust aperture 63 of the sprinkler device 60 is preferably 10 - 30 mm.
  • the diameter K of the sprinkler device 60 can be for example in the range 100 - 200 mm, and the height h for example 70 - 150 mm.
  • the tank space 61 is realized of a bottom element 65 and a dome 66.
  • the bottom element 65 is a low and flat, cylindrical housing, in which the feed aperture 62 and the corresponding connection is tangentially fitted in the rotary object forming the bottom element in the axis B - B.
  • the housing of the bottom element 65 there is created a cylindrical space that is arranged to receive the water coming from the feed aperture 62, so that the water is set in a rotary motion. It is pointed out that any control blades or the like are not used, and owing to the nature of the raw water, they could not be used in any case.
  • the dome 66 forms the tank space 61 proper.
  • the dome 66 is connected detachably, for instance by threadings, to the bottom element 65.
  • the tank space 61 and also the dome 66 of the sprinkler device 60 are hemispherical in shape. It has been empirically found as an advantageous tank shape. Also other geometrical shapes, such as a straight conical shape, or intermediate shapes between conical and spherical, are possible. The requirement is that the tank is narrowed towards the exhaust aperture, in which case also the speed of the water flow set in a rotary motion is increased.
  • the edge 63 a of the exhaust aperture 63 of the sprinkler device 60 can be a straight edge parallel with the axis B - B. However, it is advantageous to bevel the edge 63a of the exhaust aperture, so that it is opened outwardly.
  • the spread angle ⁇ By means of the spread angle ⁇ , the fan-like spreading of the water jet emitted from the exhaust aperture 63 can be at least somewhat adjusted in the desired way; the larger the spread angle ⁇ , the wider the fan of the water jet.
  • the edge 63 a of the exhaust aperture 63 of the sprinkler device 60 is provided with a number of grooves 64 and/or recesses. These are arranged to proceed in the lengthwise direction of the aperture 63, i.e.
  • the air flow that has been cooled off in the second chamber 2 and lost most of its humidity is conducted to the first air duct 3 and to the second droplet separator 9 arranged in the first end thereof.
  • a second droplet separator 9 This is advantageously arranged, in the proceeding direction of the air flow, before the fan 5.
  • the second droplet separator is advantageously realized of at least two droplet separator units 91, 92, as is illustrated in figure 6.
  • the second droplet separator 9 has a droplet separator unit 91, provided with a number of essentially vertical spiral channels 91a. Accordingly, this droplet separator unit 91 corresponds in structure to the second droplet separator unit 82 applied in connection with the first droplet separator 8 and described above. All that was said referring to it, also applies to the droplet separator unit 91 of the first duct.
  • the fan 5 that is fitted in connection with the first air duct 3 also is arranged to serve as one of the droplet separator units 92 of the droplet separator 9.
  • the inlet chamber 911 of the first droplet separator 91 is connected to the outlet end 3a of the first air duct 3, which in turn is connected to the second chamber 2.
  • the first droplet separator 91 includes a number of adjacent spiral channels 91a that lead from the inlet chamber 911 to the intermediate chamber 912.
  • the spiral channels 91a are fitted in a suitable load- bearing housing 92.
  • the intermediate chamber 912 is in turn connected to the suction side of the axial fan 5, so that air proceeds, urged by the blades of the blade wheel 94, further to the outlet chamber 913 and to the first duct 3, particularly to the inlet end 3b thereof, leading to the first chamber 1.
  • the pure water droplets are stopped in the first step on the walls of the spiral channels 91a and in the second step, beaten by the blade wheel 94, against the duct wall surrounding the blade wheel. In both cases, pure water is preferably recovered by conducting it for instance back to the second chamber 2.
  • the first chamber 1 is divided by walls into sub-chambers 11, 12, 13, which are, however, mutually connected.
  • the sub-chambers 11, 12, 13 are separated by walls 111, 112, so that air can circulate past the edges of the walls and proceed through the first chamber 1 from the first air duct 3; 3b to the second air duct 4; 4a.
  • the air ducts 3; 3b, 4; 4a are preferably connected to the opposite end walls of the chamber 1.
  • the chamber 1 is provided by heat insulation 16.
  • the raw water sprinkler equipment 6 comprises a number of sprinkler devices 60; 601, 602, 603. They are arranged in the successive sub-chambers 11, 12, 13 of the first chamber.
  • the sprinkler devices 60; 601, 602, 603 are connected, via the pump, to the raw water tank in similar fashion as in the embodiment of figure 1.
  • the second chamber 2 is divided by walls into sub-chambers, and can be provided with a number of sprinkler devices 60b. In that case the second chamber 2 would essentially correspond to the structure of the first chamber 1 illustrated in figure 7.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et une structure de purification d'eau. Le procédé de l'invention fait intervenir deux chambres (1, 2) et une circuit d'air fermé disposé entre les deux chambres, ainsi qu'un ventilateur (5) et deux canaux (3, 4) disposés entre les deux chambres. Le procédé de l'invention comprend les étapes suivantes dans lesquelles : une différence de température est établie entre les deux chambres (1, 2) de façon que la température dans la première chambre (1) soit supérieure à celle dans la deuxième chambre (2) ; de l'eau brute (RW) est vaporisée dans la première chambre (1) ; un premier flux d'air (A1) est amené dans la première chambre (1) et mis en contact avec l'eau brute vaporisée (RW1) ; un deuxième flux d'air humidifié (A2) est amené dans la deuxième chambre (2) ; au moins une partie de l'humidité du deuxième flux d'air (A2) est condensée dans la deuxième chambre (2) et récupérée en tant qu'eau purifiée, de façon que l'humidité du premier flux d'air (A1) quittant la deuxième chambre (2) soit réduite ; le premier flux d'air (A1) est amené de la deuxième chambre (2) à la première chambre (1), et les étapes précédentes sont répétées. Selon l'invention, le procédé comprend également les étapes suivantes dans lesquelles : de l'eau brute (RW) est chauffée par un dispositif de chauffage (18) situé à l'extérieur de la première chambre (1) et vaporisée sensiblement en fines gouttelettes dans la première chambre (1) au moyen d'un équipement de production de gouttelettes d'eau (6) ; la différence de température entre les chambres est maintenue par isolation thermique (16) d'au moins une des chambres (1, 2) ; et des gouttelettes d'eau brute sont éliminées du deuxième flux d'air humidifié (A2) par un séparateur de gouttelettes (8) avant que celui-ci ne pénètre dans la deuxième chambre (2).
PCT/FI2004/000755 2003-12-10 2004-12-10 Purification d'eau Ceased WO2005056482A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20031808 2003-12-10
FI20031808A FI20031808A7 (fi) 2003-12-10 2003-12-10 Veden puhdistaminen

Publications (1)

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WO2005056482A1 true WO2005056482A1 (fr) 2005-06-23

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FI (1) FI20031808A7 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005056482A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104258633A (zh) * 2014-09-25 2015-01-07 南通天泽化工有限公司 离心式污水处理装置
WO2015004650A1 (fr) * 2013-07-10 2015-01-15 Green Hydrometallurgy Proceccing Ltd. Procédé et installation pour la production d'un sel cristallin et d'eau douce à partir d'eau de mer et autres solution salifère

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19620214A1 (de) * 1996-05-20 1996-10-24 Efat Dr Chafik Ein Verfahren zur Entsalzung von Meerwasser mit Hilfe von Solarenergie
JPH1048392A (ja) * 1996-08-01 1998-02-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 気液分離器
EP0979801A1 (fr) * 1998-08-11 2000-02-16 Communauté Européenne (CE) Système pour la désalination de l'eau de mer par condensation d'air humide

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19620214A1 (de) * 1996-05-20 1996-10-24 Efat Dr Chafik Ein Verfahren zur Entsalzung von Meerwasser mit Hilfe von Solarenergie
JPH1048392A (ja) * 1996-08-01 1998-02-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 気液分離器
EP0979801A1 (fr) * 1998-08-11 2000-02-16 Communauté Européenne (CE) Système pour la désalination de l'eau de mer par condensation d'air humide

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 199818, Derwent World Patents Index; Class K07, AN 1998-197264, XP002986163 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015004650A1 (fr) * 2013-07-10 2015-01-15 Green Hydrometallurgy Proceccing Ltd. Procédé et installation pour la production d'un sel cristallin et d'eau douce à partir d'eau de mer et autres solution salifère
CN104258633A (zh) * 2014-09-25 2015-01-07 南通天泽化工有限公司 离心式污水处理装置

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FI20031808A7 (fi) 2005-06-11
FI20031808A0 (fi) 2003-12-10

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