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WO2005054635A2 - Procede et dispositif de production d'energie mecanique - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de production d'energie mecanique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005054635A2
WO2005054635A2 PCT/EP2004/013668 EP2004013668W WO2005054635A2 WO 2005054635 A2 WO2005054635 A2 WO 2005054635A2 EP 2004013668 W EP2004013668 W EP 2004013668W WO 2005054635 A2 WO2005054635 A2 WO 2005054635A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
component
working medium
boiling
boiling component
components
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2004/013668
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2005054635A3 (fr
Inventor
Bernhard Schaeffer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Permobil GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Permobil GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Permobil GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Permobil GmbH and Co KG
Publication of WO2005054635A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005054635A2/fr
Publication of WO2005054635A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005054635A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for generating mechanical energy in one
  • Cyclic process with a working medium which consists of two components with different boiling points, in which the working medium, which is in the vapor state at elevated temperature in a vapor pressure ratio specified for the components, is expanded in an expansion chamber with cooling and giving off mechanical power, and in which one during cooling partially condensing component is separated and fed back to the cycle separately.
  • Such a method is known from AT-PS 155 744.
  • AT-PS 155 744 shows an arrangement in which a mixture of water and a hydrocarbon is evaporated in a boiler.
  • the steam generated in this way is superheated in a superheater and acts on a piston.
  • the piston moves and creates mechanical work. This causes the steam to expand, cooling and condensing the water.
  • This condensed water is in one
  • the separator is collected and returned to the boiler by means of a pump.
  • the uncondensed component (hydrocarbon) is compressed by a second piston and also passed to the boiler. This creates a work surface in a pV diagram from the difference between the work gained through expansion and the work required for compression.
  • the invention also relates to an advantageous device for carrying out the method.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the efficiency of a cycle of the type mentioned.
  • the invention is further based on the object of providing a cyclic process and a heat engine which can utilize heat sources of relatively low temperature, such as waste heat or geothermal heat.
  • the method of the invention provides that the expansion of saturated steam takes place in a manner which favors the formation of a mist of the higher-boiling component, the heat of condensation of the higher-boiling component being predominantly given off to the still gaseous, lower-boiling component.
  • This mist consists essentially of droplets of the higher-boiling component.
  • heat of condensation is released. Due to the formation of mist, the droplets of the higher-boiling component and the vaporous lower-boiling component are in close contact. This results in a uniform and immediate transfer of the heat of condensation of the higher-boiling component to the lower-boiling component.
  • the lower boiling component is heated so that its pressure drops more slowly during expansion than would be the case without the heat of condensation transferred. This increases the positive area in the pV diagram of the cycle and thus the efficiency.
  • the vaporous working medium can be formed in a vapor space over a heated liquid phase. It is advantageous if the two constituents of the working medium do not mix in the liquid phase and are pumped around with a high contact surface under heating in order to achieve the specified vapor pressure ratio.
  • the higher-boiling component has a significantly higher heat of vaporization than the lower-boiling component. Then the majority of the supplied heat is invested in the evaporation of the higher-boiling component during the heating process. A correspondingly large amount of condensation heat is then given off to the lower-boiling component.
  • Components are immiscible in the liquid phase. Water is higher boiling than benzene and has a high heat of evaporation and condensation. It is heavier than benzene, so that in the liquid phase the benzene floats as a layer on top and adjoins the vapor space.
  • material-specific concentrations occur in the vapor phase that then form, which only depend on the temperature.
  • the heating can be done by waste heat or geothermal heat at a relatively low temperature.
  • Fig.l is a ' schematic representation of a mixed steam engine in a "side view”.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the mixed steam engine in a “top view”.
  • 10 denotes a motor.
  • the engine 10 in the embodiment described consists of two cylinders 12 and 14, in which pistons 16 and 18 are movable.
  • the pistons 16 and 18 are guided in the cylinders free of lubricant via a ceramic sliding layer.
  • the pistons 16 and 18 are connected via piston rods 19 and 21 and connecting rods 20 and 22 to a common crankshaft 24 and work in opposite phases.
  • the cranks 26 and 28 of the crankshaft 24 are angularly offset from one another by 180 °.
  • the cylinders 12 and 14 each have an intake valve 30 and 32 and an exhaust valve 34 and 36, respectively.
  • the inlet valves 30 and 32 are opened after reaching the top dead center of the associated piston for a predetermined intake stroke of the piston 16 and 18, respectively.
  • a certain volume of working medium then enters the cylinders 12 and 14 under pressure.
  • the inlet valve is closed, the let-in volume then relaxes under working power, the piston 16 or 18 being pressed down in FIG. 1. With this downward movement of one
  • Piston 16 or 18 is moved by the crankshaft 24 of the other piston 18 or 16 upward in Fig.l.
  • the associated outlet valve 36 or 34 is opened.
  • the inlet valve 30 of the cylinder 12 is in the connection reaching the top dead center of the piston 16 is temporarily opened, and the exhaust valve 36 of the cylinder 14 is opened during the downward stroke of the piston 16 and corresponding to the upward stroke of the piston 18.
  • the exhaust valve 34 of the cylinder 12 and the intake valve 32 of the cylinder 14 are closed. Therefore, working medium enters the cylinder 12 under pressure via the inlet valve 30 and presses the piston 16 downward in FIG. 1, while relaxed working medium exits the piston 14 via the outlet valve 36.
  • the working medium under pressure is a mixture of water and benzene vapor.
  • Water is a substance with a relatively high boiling point, while benzene has a relatively low boiling point in comparison. Water and benzene do not mix in the liquid state. In the gas phase there is a mixing ratio that only depends on the temperature. Water also has a relatively high heat of vaporization or condensation.
  • An evaporator 31 is provided for producing such a mixture of water vapor and benzene vapor.
  • the evaporator 31 forms a boiler, on the bottom of which a sump of liquid water and benzene is formed. Since water and benzene do not mix in the liquid phase, two separate liquid layers are formed: the heavier water forms a lower layer 32 on which a layer 34 of benzene floats.
  • 36 denotes a heat source, for example a heat exchanger. The heat source evaporates the more volatile benzene.
  • a gasoline vapor with the partial pressure of benzene prevailing at the present temperature would then form in the space 38 above the sump. The water separated from space 38 by the benzene layer would not provide a partial pressure in space 38.
  • water is withdrawn from the sump by a circulation pump 40 and sprayed into the evaporator 31 from above via a line 42 and a spray device 44 in countercurrent to the evaporating benzene.
  • the space 38 can contain sieves or similar distributing means, through which a fine distribution of the sprayed-in water and a mixing with the vaporized benzene is ensured.
  • a saturated mixed steam of water and benzene vapor forms in the evaporator, the mixing ratio being determined by the temperature.
  • This mixed steam is under high pressure.
  • the mixed steam under pressure is passed as a working medium to the cylinders 12 and 18 of the engine 10 via the inlet valves 30 or 32.
  • the relaxed working medium mainly contains benzene vapor with a water mist.
  • the water mist is e.g. 18 passed through a line in a separator 48.
  • a separator 48 therefore forms
  • Swamp 50 which consists mainly of water.
  • This water is drawn off by a feed pump 52 via a line 54 and fed back into the evaporator 31 via a line 56 and line 42.
  • the spaces 58 and 60 "under” the pistons 16 and 18 are connected to one another and via a line 62 and the line 46 to the separator 48.
  • the separator 48 has a relatively large volume compared to the spaces 58 and 60, so that in the Rooms 58 and 60 practically no pressure fluctuations occur during the movements of the pistons 16 and 18, especially since the pistons 16 and 18 move in opposite directions.
  • the cylinders 12 and 14 are each closed on the crankshaft side by a bottom 64 and 66, respectively, and the crankshaft 24 and the connecting rods 20 and 22 by one containing crankcase 68 separately.
  • the piston rods 19 and 21 are sealed through the bottoms 64 and 66, respectively.
  • the line 62 branches off somewhat above the bottoms 64 and 66. As a result, puddles 70 and 72 of condensed working medium form over the bottoms 64 and 66. These puddles ensure that cylinders 12 and 14 are sealed against the escape of benzene from the circuit. This protects the environment from the highly toxic benzene.
  • the vapor freed from the droplets in the separator 48 is passed via a line 74 to a compressor, which is generally designated 76.
  • the compressor 76 contains two cylinders 78 and 80. In the cylinders 78 and 80 are
  • Compressor pistons 82 and 84 guided.
  • the pistons 82 and 84 delimit cylinder chambers 86 and 88, respectively.
  • the cylinder chambers 86 and 88 can be connected to the line 74 via inlet valves 90 and 92.
  • the outlet chambers 94 and 96 can be used to connect the cylinder chambers 86 and 88 to a pressure line 98, which returns the compressed gas to the evaporator 38.
  • the cylinders 78 and 80 are separated from the crankcase 104 by bases 100 and 102, respectively.
  • a crank 106 with two cranks offset by 180 ° is mounted in the crankcase 104.
  • the pistons 82 and 84 are connected to the crankshafts of the crankshaft via piston rods and connecting rods, in such a way that the pistons carry out reciprocating stroke movements.
  • the spaces of the cylinders facing away from the cylinder chambers 86 and 88 are connected to the spaces 58 and 60 of the engine 10 and, via these, to the separator 48, so that practically no pressure fluctuations occur even under the cylinders 78 and 80.
  • the piston rods of the compressor are sealed through the floors 100 and 102 hm.
  • the connecting line 108 branches off somewhat above the floors 100 and 102, so that puddles are also formed on the floors 100 and 102 which act similarly to the puddles in the engine 10.
  • Cylinder 78 in which the compressor piston 82 moves upward, is closed. First of all, the exhaust valve of the cylinder 78 is closed, so that the benzene gas is compressed in the cylinder 78. The compressed benzene gas is then applied to line 98 through the opening exhaust valve 94.
  • the crankshaft 24 drives a generator 110 via a drive 108 and the crankshaft 106 of the compressor 76 via a clutch 112.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de production d'énergie mécanique dans un cycle de Carnot, comprenant un fluide moteur formé de deux composants de points d'ébullition nettement différenciés, dans lequel le fluide moteur se présentant à l'état de vapeur à température élevée, dans un rapport de tension de vapeur prédéterminé pour les composants, est en expansion, par refroidissement, avec production d'une puissance mécanique. Un composant partiellement condensé lors du refroidissement est séparé et réintroduit, séparément, dans le cycle de Carnot. L'expansion s'effectue alors d'une façon favorisant la formation d'un brouillard du composant à haut pont d'ébullition, la chaleur de condensation dudit composant à haut point d'ébullition étant cédée, en majeure partie, au composant à faible point d'ébullition, qui se trouve encore sous forme gazeuse. Le fluide moteur sous forme gazeuse est formé, dans un compartiment vapeur, au-dessus d'une phase liquide chauffée. Les deux composants du fluide moteur ne se mélangent pas dans la phase liquide et sont transvasés par pompage, avec chauffage à surface de contact élevée, en vue d'obtenir ledit rapport de tension de vapeur prédéterminé. Le composant à haut point d'ébullition présente une chaleur d'évaporation bien plus élevée que le composant à faible point d'ébullition.
PCT/EP2004/013668 2003-12-02 2004-12-02 Procede et dispositif de production d'energie mecanique Ceased WO2005054635A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2003156738 DE10356738B4 (de) 2003-12-02 2003-12-02 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung mechanischer Energie
DE10356738.0 2003-12-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005054635A2 true WO2005054635A2 (fr) 2005-06-16
WO2005054635A3 WO2005054635A3 (fr) 2005-08-11

Family

ID=34638342

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2004/013668 Ceased WO2005054635A2 (fr) 2003-12-02 2004-12-02 Procede et dispositif de production d'energie mecanique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE10356738B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005054635A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006050967B3 (de) * 2006-10-28 2008-01-10 Lesa Maschinen Gmbh Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Mischdampf
WO2006128423A3 (fr) * 2005-06-02 2008-04-10 Lutz Giechau Procede et dispositif pour produire de l'energie mecanique
DE102010024487A1 (de) 2010-06-21 2011-12-22 Andreas Wunderlich Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung mechanischer Energie in einem Kreisprozess

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009017279A1 (de) 2009-04-11 2010-10-21 Norbert Kuhl Kraftmaschine für azeotropische Dampfgemische und ihre Ausgestalltung

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT155744B (de) * 1937-10-16 1939-03-10 Rudolf Dr Ing Doczekal Verfahren zur Energieerzeugung mittels Verflüssigung von Dampfgemischen aus zwei oder mehreren Flüssigkeiten.
GB519171A (en) * 1938-09-13 1940-03-19 Rudolf Doczekal Improvements in or relating to vapour-pressure power plant
JPS5732001A (en) * 1980-08-01 1982-02-20 Kenichi Oda Method of recovering waste heat
ES8607515A1 (es) * 1985-01-10 1986-06-16 Mendoza Rosado Serafin Modificaciones de un proceso termodinamico de aproximacion practica al ciclo de carnot para aplicaciones especiales
US4843824A (en) * 1986-03-10 1989-07-04 Dorothy P. Mushines System for converting heat to kinetic energy
US5560210A (en) * 1990-12-31 1996-10-01 Ormat Turbines (1965) Ltd. Rankine cycle power plant utilizing an organ fluid and method for using the same
DE10052993A1 (de) * 2000-10-18 2002-05-02 Doekowa Ges Zur Entwicklung De Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Umwandlung von thermischer Energie in mechanische Energie
US6829895B2 (en) * 2002-09-12 2004-12-14 Kalex, Llc Geothermal system

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006128423A3 (fr) * 2005-06-02 2008-04-10 Lutz Giechau Procede et dispositif pour produire de l'energie mecanique
DE102006050967B3 (de) * 2006-10-28 2008-01-10 Lesa Maschinen Gmbh Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Mischdampf
WO2008052787A3 (fr) * 2006-10-28 2009-07-16 Lesa Maschinen Gmbh Procédé de production de vapeur mixte
JP2010508460A (ja) * 2006-10-28 2010-03-18 レーザ・マシイネン・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング 混合蒸気発生方法
CN101600855B (zh) * 2006-10-28 2012-02-01 Lesa机械有限公司 用于产生混合蒸汽的方法
US8109096B2 (en) 2006-10-28 2012-02-07 Lesa Maschinen Gmbh Method for production of mixed vapour
DE102010024487A1 (de) 2010-06-21 2011-12-22 Andreas Wunderlich Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung mechanischer Energie in einem Kreisprozess

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10356738A1 (de) 2005-08-18
WO2005054635A3 (fr) 2005-08-11
DE10356738B4 (de) 2008-06-26

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