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WO2005050133A1 - Procede de mesure automatique a l'aide d'appareils de mesure de coordonnees - Google Patents

Procede de mesure automatique a l'aide d'appareils de mesure de coordonnees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005050133A1
WO2005050133A1 PCT/EP2004/011839 EP2004011839W WO2005050133A1 WO 2005050133 A1 WO2005050133 A1 WO 2005050133A1 EP 2004011839 W EP2004011839 W EP 2004011839W WO 2005050133 A1 WO2005050133 A1 WO 2005050133A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
points
calculated
geometric elements
geometric
measuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2004/011839
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ralf Christoph
Wolfgang Rauh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Werth Messtechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Werth Messtechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Werth Messtechnik GmbH filed Critical Werth Messtechnik GmbH
Publication of WO2005050133A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005050133A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
    • G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for calculating geometric elements such as straight lines, circles, planes, spheres, cones, cylinders and / or links such as distance, angle, positional tolerance, circle diameter, arc radius between the geometric elements by means of measuring points measured with a coordinate measuring machine.
  • the invention relates to a method for determining the contours or regions of geometric objects to be assigned to an object, such as straight lines or circles, or links such as intersecting straight lines by measuring points of the object by means of a coordinate measuring machine.
  • the procedure is such that individual points are measured with the sensor system of the coordinate measuring machine using the coordinate axes and these are then calculated into further geometric elements such as straight lines, circles, cylinders, spheres. It is common for this calculation to be carried out from the points measured for this purpose under the control of the operator.
  • the type of result e.g. straight line or ball
  • the selection of points is done manually, at least when the measuring process is taught. This leads on the one hand to a high expenditure of time and on the other hand to sources of error due to human error.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate the aforementioned sources of error, in particular those caused by manual intervention, and to reduce the time required for the creation of such measurement processes.
  • the invention essentially provides that the type of the geometric elements and / or the type of connection between the geometric elements is determined automatically by checking whether mathematical models match the type of the geometric elements and / or the type of connections with the geometric arrangement of the measurement points becomes.
  • the operator records the individual points for the required geometric elements and links in any order. Under certain circumstances, even the separation between different geometric elements is not necessary.
  • automatic calculations are started by triggering a single evaluation command, as the results of which are calculated geometric elements or links such as angles, distances, positional tolerances and others calculated from individual points.
  • the method according to the invention is implemented in that the individual point set is searched through to determine which point groups allow the calculation of a common geometric element with slight deviations. From the resulting geometry elements, it is determined which combination of these determined geometry elements delivers technically meaningful results (straight lines lie at an oblique angle> this results in angles; lines lie approximately parallel> this results in distance; points form a circle> this results in diameter). Since ambiguous results can occur here, additional technology parameters are included when the individual points are recorded. For example, the position of the edge or surface can be deduced from the determination of the probing direction of a single point measured with a touching probe. Several points with the same surface direction can then easily be combined into a point group. The following patent claims list the individual options for determining geometric elements and links from individual points.
  • a method for calculating geometry elements and / or links between geometry elements measured with coordinate measuring machines is characterized in that the geometry elements and / or the links can be determined automatically from a set of individual points.
  • the type of the geometric elements to be calculated or the links to be calculated can be automatically determined from the geometric arrangement of the individual points or the geometric elements.
  • fewer points can be used to calculate links than would be necessary to clearly define the underlying geometric elements themselves.
  • the invention is characterized in that technology information assigned to the individual points is used when determining the type of geometric elements or the type of links, in particular the normal directions to the workpiece surface or edge and / or the scanning direction of the sensor used and / or the scanning direction of the sensor used and / or the direction of the light / dark transition in the case of image processing sensors and / or the deflection of the button in the probing state.
  • All parameters of a sensor that can be set for the detection of a point are understood as technology parameters.
  • the probing speed, the probing direction, the stylus deflection, the type and geometry of the probing element and stylus, and the probing force are relevant.
  • the type and intensity of illumination, the optical magnification, the scanning angle and the scanning direction are to be mentioned.
  • the sense of contact / direction of contact is understood to mean whether the contact vector for the detection of the edge is directed towards the workpiece from the surroundings or vice versa.
  • the sense of contact is of particular interest in optical processes.
  • the invention provides that the statistical distribution of the technology parameters assigned to the individual points, such as scanning direction, scanning direction, direction of light / dark transition, deflection of the probe, normal direction of the workpiece surface, is analyzed in order to determine how many geometric elements through the point cloud - Set of measuring points - are represented, and / or from this determine which of the geometry element type by the respective point cloud is represented, and / or to determine the relative position of the elements to one another.
  • the statistical distribution of the technology parameters assigned to the individual points such as scanning direction, scanning direction, direction of light / dark transition, deflection of the probe, normal direction of the workpiece surface
  • the assignment of single points to geometric elements can be determined in that the shape deviation of the calculated geometric element from the single point group falls below a predetermined limit value.
  • the shape deviation can be tested for various possible geometric elements, e.g. Straight, circle, plane, angle, sphere, distance, cylinder.
  • the statistical distribution of the scanning direction angles of the individual points is analyzed in order to determine how many geometric elements are represented by the point cloud and / or to determine from this what relative position the elements have to one another.
  • Two straight lines can be calculated as geometric elements and angles and / or distance can be calculated as a link between the straight lines.
  • Circles or spheres and / or planes and / or cylinders can be recognized as a link between the individual points.
  • Another proposal of the invention provides that the individual points with the aid of a mechanical button and / or a laser distance sensor and / or an image processing sensor and / or a tactile optical button and / or a stripe projection sensor and / or a photogrammetry sensor and / or a light section sensor and with Using the coordinate measuring machine.
  • the individual points can be recorded with different sensors and evaluated together as a total single point cloud or overall point cloud.
  • an image processing sensor is used as the sensor.
  • At least one of the points can be recorded with a laser sensor. It is also possible to record one of the points used with the help of a fiber scanner. In particular, however, it is provided that at least one of the points used is recorded with the aid of an optoelectronic point sensor (sensing eye).
  • At least one of the points used is determined by a manual measurement. At least one of the points used can also be a point whose coordinates are specified by an operator.
  • the type of the geometric elements to be calculated is specified by the operator.
  • the individual points it is also possible for the individual points to be pre-sorted in a defined sequence.
  • the individual points can also be recorded in a previously defined sequence.
  • the individual points used can be values that were calculated from other geometric elements or from links of other geometric elements
  • the type of links to be determined can be determined from recognized geometry elements by calculating all possible links and selecting the most technically sensible result.
  • the invention also provides for the set of individual points to be analyzed to determine which link can be calculated with the slightest deviation from the based geometric elements and / or from the predetermined target values.
  • the method for determining contours or areas of an object to be assigned to geometric elements such as straight lines or circles, or linking them like intersecting straight lines by measuring points of the object using a coordinate measuring machine, is characterized in that coordinates and / or scanning directions of the points are measured and that on the basis of the coordinate and / or the probing directions of at least two measured values, one or more geometric elements are automatically calculated.
  • the invention provides that measured probing angles are divided into value classes and that the type and / or number of the geometric elements is calculated depending on the distribution to the value class or accumulation in the value classes of the probing angles on which the measuring points are based become.
  • the geometric elements are calculated by determining geometric elements for the measuring points on the basis of directions of straight lines running between measuring points.
  • the geometric elements are calculated from the geometric relation of the measuring points to one another.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of measuring points that lie on intersecting straight lines
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of measuring points that lie on a three-dimensional body.
  • the probing angles are divided into an adjustable number of classes, the class width ⁇ can influence the sensitivity of the method.
  • the class distribution of the probing angles is analyzed in order to recognize the type and number of the geometric elements.
  • the points are each assigned to one of the geometric elements to be calculated on the basis of their contact angle.
  • the type of connection (eg calculation of distance or angle between the elements) is determined from the distribution of the probing angles.
  • the probing directions are either calculated automatically or specified by the settings used by the operator.
  • the automatic determination of the probing direction differs depending on the sensor.
  • the probing direction results, for example, from the direction in which the probe is deflected when the workpiece is probed.
  • the scanning direction is e.g. B. determined as the normal direction of the contour to be evaluated.
  • the touch direction can often be determined by the operator during interactive measurement.
  • the probing direction then corresponds to the direction of travel of the machine, i. H. of the respective touching sensor, the direction of travel z. B. can be selected by joystick.
  • the probing direction can often be explicitly set using numerical or graphic inputs.
  • the result of the combination is the angle W between gl and g2 and the parameters of the straight line gl and g2.
  • the measuring points P1, P2, P3 and P4 in FIG. 2 it follows from the distribution of the scanning angles with sufficient ⁇ that the scanning angles of the measuring points P1 and P3 lie within one class, the scanning angles of the measuring points P2 and P4 in a second or other class. Since all other classes are not occupied, it follows that the measuring points P1, P2, P3 and P4 represent two straight-line geometry elements. From the points P1 and P3 and the points P2 and P4, a best-fit line gl and g2 is then calculated. Since the difference between the angles of the straight lines gl and g2 approximately gives the value ⁇ , the combination of the geometric elements gives distance D between the straight lines gl and g2 and the parameters of the straight lines gl and g2.
  • measuring points P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 the scanning angles of which lie in different classes. From this fact it can be concluded that the measuring points P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 represent 1 geometric element of the circle type. A circle is therefore calculated from all measuring points P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5. If the shape deviation is within a specified tolerance, the parameters of the circle are returned as the result. Otherwise a calculation of alternative geometric elements such as an ellipse and analysis triggered its shape deviation.
  • the distribution of their contact angles shows that they are all in one class. It can therefore be concluded that the measurement points P1, P2, P3 and P4 represent 1 geometric element of the straight line type.
  • a straight line is thus determined from all measuring points P1, P2, P3 and P4.
  • the shape deviation of the calculated straight line is determined. If the shape deviation is within a specified tolerance, the parameters of the straight line are returned as the result. Otherwise, the calculation of alternative geometric elements such as ellipses and analysis of their shape deviation is triggered. If there are no probing directions for the measuring points to be taken from FIGS. 1 to 4, then geometric elements must also be assigned to the individual measuring points or calculated from these. This is done as follows:
  • the (i + 2) th measuring point is assigned to the straight line formed by the i th and (i + l) th measuring point.
  • the (i + 2) th measuring point is regarded as the starting point for a new straight line, the angle W3 of which then consists of the connecting straight line from the measuring points i + 2 and i +3 is formed.
  • a straight line gl2 is formed from the points P1 and P2 or laid through them.
  • a reference line of the coordinate system which is is specified, there is an angle W12 to the straight line gl2.
  • a line g23 is formed by the points P2 and P3, the angle of which to the reference line is W23.
  • This angle W23 differs significantly from the angle W12 of the straight line gl2.
  • the measuring point P3 is thus used as the starting point of a new straight line g34 with an angle W34, which is formed by the measuring points P3 and P4.
  • a straight line g45 is then formed from the measurement points P4 and P5.
  • the angle W45 specified by the straight line g45 does not differ significantly from the angle W34, so that the measuring point P5 is classified as belonging to the straight line g34, which is determined by the measuring points P3 and P4. Since there are no further measuring points, two best-fit lines gl and g2 are consequently calculated from the respectively associated measuring points P1, P2 on the one hand and P3, P4 and P5 on the other hand. The angle between the lines gl and g2 is then calculated and returned as a result, since the angle is significantly different from ⁇ .
  • a straight line gl2 is formed from the measurement points P1 and P2.
  • the corresponding angle to the reference line is W12.
  • the angle W23 which differs significantly from the angle W12 of the straight line gl2, is determined from the straight line g23 formed by the measuring points P2 and P3.
  • the measuring point P3 is thus used as the starting point of a new straight line g34 which is predetermined or formed by the measuring points P3 and P4.
  • the angle between line g34 and the reference line is W34. Since there are no further measuring points and the angle between the straight lines gl2 and g34 is not significantly different from ⁇ , the distance D of the straight lines gl2 and g34 is calculated and delivered as a result.
  • a straight line gl2 is formed from the measurement points P1 and P2.
  • the associated angle to the reference line is W12.
  • An angle W23 assigned to a straight line g23 formed by the measuring points P2 and P3 differs significantly from the angle W12 of the straight line gl2.
  • the measuring point P3 is used as the starting point of a new straight line g34 with an angle W34, which is formed from the measuring points P3 and P4. Since the angle W34 is significantly different from the angle W23, the measuring point P4 is used as the starting point for a new straight line g45 determined by the measuring points P4 and P5.
  • the associated angle W45 is again significantly different from the angle W34.
  • a compensation circle is first calculated from the measuring points Pl, P2, P3, P4 and P5. To ensure the result, the shape deviation of the calculated circle is calculated. If the shape deviation is within a specified tolerance, the parameters of the circle are returned as the result. Otherwise the calculation of alternative geometric elements such as B. an ellipse and analysis triggered their shape deviation.
  • a straight line gl2 is also formed from measuring points P1 and P2 and the angle W12 is determined. Then a straight line g23 and g3 is formed from the measurement points P2 and P3, the angle of which is W23. Since the angles W12 and W23 do not differ significantly, the measuring point P3 is classified as belonging to the straight line gl2.
  • a new straight line g34 is formed by the measuring point P3 and the following measuring point P4. Since the angle W34 determined in this way also does not differ significantly from the angle W12, the measuring point P4 is also classified as belonging to the straight line gl2.
  • the parameters of the best-fit line gl which is formed by the measuring points P1, P2, P3 and P4, are supplied as the result of the calculation.
  • the shape deviation of the calculated straight line is calculated. If the shape deviation is within a specified tolerance, the parameters of the straight line are returned as the result. Otherwise, the calculation of alternative geometric elements such as B. Ellipse and analysis triggered their shape deviation.
  • 5 and 6 show measures, by way of example only, of how a plane or a three-dimensional geometry element can be determined from coordinates of measuring points or scanning angle / scanning direction.
  • Probe angles ⁇ and ⁇ are determined for each measuring point, where ⁇ corresponds to the angle between the X axis of the coordinate system and the probing sector and ⁇ corresponds to the angle between the Z axis of the coordinate system and the probing sector.
  • the angles ⁇ and ⁇ are determined in accordance with the previously described method and divided into classes. In the case of the plane, the angles ⁇ and ⁇ must each be distributed in one class. If a corresponding angular distribution can be determined, the detection of a plane can be concluded.
  • the straight lines between two measuring points are first calculated when determining the 3D elements.
  • One level is spanned in pairs from the straight lines.
  • the distribution of the angles ⁇ and ⁇ of the normal vectors of this plane are analyzed as described above and lead to the decision as to which type of geometric element was recorded.
  • FIG. 6 shows a three-dimensional body in side view and top view, which has various geometric elements.
  • digital image processing it is possible to record a top view of individual measuring points on the straight lines G1, G2, G3 and G4 and on the circle Kl and to recognize these geometric elements in accordance with the explanations given above.
  • E2 and E3 measuring points are z. B. with the help of a touch probe or with the help of a laser sensor. The evaluation of the points and probing vectors according to the procedure explained then leads to the required information about the geometric elements.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de calcul d'éléments géométriques (g1, g2) et de liaisons (W) entre ces éléments à l'aide de points de mesure (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5) mesurés à l'aide d'un appareil de mesure de coordonnées. L'objet de la présente invention est l'élimination, lors de la mesure, d'erreurs provenant en particulier d'une intervention manuelle, ainsi que la réduction du temps nécessaire pour établir des processus de mesure. A cet effet, le type des éléments géométriques et / ou le type de la liaison entre les éléments géométriques sont déterminés automatiquement par vérification d'une concordance entre des modèles mathématiques pour le type des éléments géométriques et / ou le type des liaisons et la disposition géométrique des points de mesure.
PCT/EP2004/011839 2003-11-14 2004-10-20 Procede de mesure automatique a l'aide d'appareils de mesure de coordonnees Ceased WO2005050133A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10353655.8 2003-11-14
DE10353655 2003-11-14
DE102004033419.6 2004-07-10
DE102004033419 2004-07-10

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WO2005050133A1 true WO2005050133A1 (fr) 2005-06-02

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PCT/EP2004/011839 Ceased WO2005050133A1 (fr) 2003-11-14 2004-10-20 Procede de mesure automatique a l'aide d'appareils de mesure de coordonnees

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007003060A1 (de) 2007-01-15 2008-07-17 Technische Universität Ilmenau Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Güte eines Messpunktes bei der Kantendetektion in der optischen Längenmesstechnik
US8908901B2 (en) 2007-04-24 2014-12-09 Renishaw Plc Apparatus and method for surface measurement
US9689655B2 (en) 2008-10-29 2017-06-27 Renishaw Plc Measurement method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0482672A1 (fr) * 1986-07-25 1992-04-29 Renishaw plc Mesure de coordonnées
EP0562606A1 (fr) * 1992-03-26 1993-09-29 Tokyo Seimitsu Co.,Ltd. Instrument de mesure de coordonnées et méthode de mesure
US5781450A (en) * 1994-06-10 1998-07-14 Metronics, Inc. Object inspection system and method
EP1130353A2 (fr) * 2000-03-01 2001-09-05 Mitutoyo Corporation Méthode et appareil pour mesurer la géométrie d'éléments
WO2002025207A1 (fr) * 2000-09-22 2002-03-28 Werth Messtechnik Gmbh Procede pour mesurer la geometrie d'un objet au moyen d'un appareil de mesure de coordonnees

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0482672A1 (fr) * 1986-07-25 1992-04-29 Renishaw plc Mesure de coordonnées
EP0562606A1 (fr) * 1992-03-26 1993-09-29 Tokyo Seimitsu Co.,Ltd. Instrument de mesure de coordonnées et méthode de mesure
US5781450A (en) * 1994-06-10 1998-07-14 Metronics, Inc. Object inspection system and method
EP1130353A2 (fr) * 2000-03-01 2001-09-05 Mitutoyo Corporation Méthode et appareil pour mesurer la géométrie d'éléments
WO2002025207A1 (fr) * 2000-09-22 2002-03-28 Werth Messtechnik Gmbh Procede pour mesurer la geometrie d'un objet au moyen d'un appareil de mesure de coordonnees

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007003060A1 (de) 2007-01-15 2008-07-17 Technische Universität Ilmenau Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Güte eines Messpunktes bei der Kantendetektion in der optischen Längenmesstechnik
US8908901B2 (en) 2007-04-24 2014-12-09 Renishaw Plc Apparatus and method for surface measurement
US9689655B2 (en) 2008-10-29 2017-06-27 Renishaw Plc Measurement method

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