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WO2005045787A1 - Support et procede pedagogique comprenant un modele de sein - Google Patents

Support et procede pedagogique comprenant un modele de sein Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005045787A1
WO2005045787A1 PCT/US2004/035070 US2004035070W WO2005045787A1 WO 2005045787 A1 WO2005045787 A1 WO 2005045787A1 US 2004035070 W US2004035070 W US 2004035070W WO 2005045787 A1 WO2005045787 A1 WO 2005045787A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lump
model
breast
silicone
alarm device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2004/035070
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English (en)
Inventor
John S. Suhr
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/696,604 external-priority patent/US6854976B1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CA002544431A priority Critical patent/CA2544431A1/fr
Publication of WO2005045787A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005045787A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/30—Anatomical models
    • G09B23/34—Anatomical models with removable parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a breast cancer lump detection simulator and training aid.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Fast growing breast cancers can double in size every three days. It can take as little as three months for a single breast cancer cell to double 30 times and produce a one centimeter size cancerous tumor. Therefore, a breast cancer can grow to a four centimeter diameter (stage III to • stage IV) in a nine month period, between annual clinical exams. About one in eight women in the United States will develop breast cancer in their life. A need exists to disseminate to women and medical practitioners worldwide a method to detect with one's hands a small lump in the breast.
  • the present invention provides a life size model of a human breast with a chosen sized lump imbedded in it. The student must push down on the lump in a proper direction, as taught by medical professionals, in order to trigger an electronic alarm.
  • the main aspect of the present invention is to provide a life like training model of a human breast with a hidden lump tied to a microswitch , thereby enabling a student to probe for the lump, in a medically proficient manner.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a variety of models including a small lump, a large lump, no lump, and two mpdels with various combinations of lumps.
  • the Pat and Rub technique uses the three middle fingers applying pressure and patting and rubbing in a circular motion completely around the breast from the stem (outer breast) to the nipple.
  • the Spoke Wheel Method uses the three middle fingers with the fingers placed in a straight line from the stem to the nipple. Fingers are moved until the entire breast has been felt.
  • Finding a lump and being reinforced when the light goes on provides motivation to use the model and enables showing others how to practice BSE's with the model.
  • Using the model might provide intrinsic reinforcement (e.g. internal good feelings) .
  • the model and the training techniques that can be developed around it may serve to lessen anxiety, and they may provide reinforcement, motivation and teach BSE techniques for early detection of breast cancer.
  • SYMPTOMS OF BREAST CANCER The most important physical symptom of breast cancer is a painless mass or lump. Up to 10% of patients have breast pain and no mass. Less common symptoms include persistent changes to the breast (thickening, swelling, skin irritation or distortion) and nipple symptoms (spontaneous discharge, erosion, inversion, or tenderness) . Early breast cancer, when it is most treatable, usually does not produce any symptoms. It is therefore, very important for women to follow recommended guidelines to find breast cancer before symptoms develop (mammography, clinical breast examination (CBE) , and breast self examination (BSE) ) . Because a small percentage of cancers may be missed by mammography, it is important for women aged 40 and older, to also perform a monthly BSE and have an annual CBE.
  • CBE clinical breast examination
  • BSE breast self examination
  • BSE BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION
  • a model may be made of silicone, oil and a catalyst poured into a mold. An uncured silicone mixed with oil gives a more lifelike texture.- A catalyst may be added to cure the silicone. A small amount of silicone may be set aside, and a darker colored catalyst may be added.
  • the darker silicone mixture may be poured carefully into the mold area of the nipple to simulate the areola. The silicone may then be allowed to set. Then the rest of the silicone may be poured slowly in a circular manner into the mold.
  • a switch with a wooden bead attached (to simulate a lump) may be placed in the silicone substance.
  • the switch may be either free flowing or attached by a plastic strip, which are two examples.
  • the switch may have two wires attached. One wire may go to the light and the other to an energy source (battery) .
  • the switch could be one of three submini lever switches, roller lever switch or momentary push button switch, as but a few examples. Each switch might have its own use in different positions and allow for different functions.
  • a light, blue LED e.g.
  • the switch might be illuminated when pressure is applied to the switch (completes a circuit) .
  • the light could be replaced with a vibrator that could be placed in the silicone and produce vibrations or waves hroughou the silicone at the appropriate titae.
  • the light could also be replaced with a buzzer or a lever that makes a clicking sound that would make noise when pressure is applied to the switch and the circuit is completed.
  • the switch could be attached to a tape recorder that would tell you that you found a lump in the breast and if other lumps are to be found.
  • Different types of sensory devices could be placed in the model before pouring silicone, so that they would be next to the surface, and different amounts of pressure would light different colored lights.
  • a tape recording could also be used that would tell you if more or less pressure is needed.
  • Sensory switches could be placed in areas that have high incidence of cancer or lower incidences. The light or a recorded voice could tell if you were in the correct place or not. This will allow for more effective detection, not only for the model, but to carry into testing of self- awareness.
  • the silicone could be different colors to represent areas of the breast that are the most common places cancer is found. The silicone could be colorless to allow the internal parts of the breast model to be seen as well as locations of lumps. Each internal part of- the breast could be a different color with muscles at the back of the breast poured at different times as well as in different directions allowing for realization.
  • the top half of the breast model could be clear silicone.
  • the bottom half could be colored to give an idea of the location of the internal parts in relation to the outside of the breast.
  • Silicone could be of different grades and cured at different temperatures or with different catalyst added to change the texture of the silicone. Perhaps each internal part would need to have a separate mold. Then the parts could be placed inside the breast model with clear silicone poured into the mold to fill and keep the internal parts in place.
  • the internal parts might not need to be made of silicone, but other materials could suffice as well. Different sizes of breasts for different stages of life (ages) as well as shapes could be made. Lumps of silicone might be added to show swelling in different areas of the breast. The lumps could be placed next to the outside of the mold.
  • silicone acting as the outer skin, could have color to look like skin cancer, red with black or a dark center, irregular edges (pinpoint, "zit-like") .
  • the mold itself may need to be made differently. It may need to have the pigment added to some areas before other silicone is poured.
  • the nipple may have to be hollowed out so that it could be inverted and extended as a normal nipple would be.
  • a latex product inside the silicone nipple could allow flexibility and the nipple to be inverted and extended a number of times so that it wouldn't wear out prematurely.
  • the nipple could have micro holes put into it to allow a fluid to escape with a light squeeze and or palpitation of the nipple and ' areola.
  • a sack of fluid could be placed behind the nipple.
  • the fluid could be a white, cloudy substance. This could be replenished with a needle and syringe.
  • the sack could be self-sealing with a back flow preventor to the nipple so fluid would flow in only one direction. When cancer is in an advanced stage, the body may give off an odor.
  • Lymph nodes typically enlarge when a woman has breast cancer. Lymph nodes are different from breast cancer tumor. The lymphatic system forms lumps that are not as dense or fluid as a fibrous cyst. In the model, lymph nodes would be placed into the muscle level of the breast, pectoralis major and minor, at approximately the location where they would normally be found.
  • Apical lymph nodes, central lymph nodes, anterior axillary or pectoral lymph nodes and internal thoracic lymph nodes may be placed at each site.
  • Two normal nodes and two enlarged nodes could be placed in a breast model.
  • the normal node could be attached to one colored light while the enlarged node could be attached to a different colored light so that a comparison could be made.
  • the lymph nodes also typically change in size and density with age.
  • a CD or VHS tape describing the procedure of breast self-examination could be included.
  • An individual could practice breast self-exam along with the tape or video, using, e.g., the pat and rub or the spoke method.
  • the basic concepts of the present invention may be embodied in a variety of ways. It involves both training techniques as well as devices to accomplish the appropriate training.
  • the training techniques are disclosed as part of the results shown to be achieved by the various devices described and as steps which are inherent to utilization. They are simply the natural result of utilizing the devices as intended and described.
  • some devices are disclosed, it should be understood that these not only accomplish certain methods but also can be varied in a number of ways. Importantly, as to all of the foregoing, all of these facets should be understood to be encompassed by this disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is a side perspective view of a preferred microswitch with its circuit schematic.
  • FIG. 2 is a top perspective view of a mold for forming a silicone implant having the microswitch.
  • FIG. 3 is a top perspective view showing the silicone pouring into the mold shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a side perspective view of the finished silicone lump implant ready for placement into the human breast model.
  • FIGS . 5,6 show the use of a rubber glove as the mold for the silicone lump implant, wherein a tube is shown in dots to provide a channel for the microswitch and wires .
  • FIG. 7 is a side perspective view of a completed silicone lump implant made from the method taught in FIGS. 5,6.
  • FIG. 8 is a top perspective view of a mold for a human breast model.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view of the model shown in FIG. 8 taken along line 4-9 showing a first pouring of the nipple material into the mold.
  • FIG. 10 is the same view as FIG. 9 showing the already poured outside latex skin for the model plus two silicone lump implants positioned for their permanent placement in the model.
  • FIG. 11 is the same view as FIG.
  • FIG. 10 showing the pouring of the silicone filler in the model .
  • FIG. 12 is the same view as FIG. 11 showing the final pouring of the latex back of the model.
  • FIG. 13 is an exploded view of a base of the model receiving the silicone breast.
  • FIG. 14 is a top perspective view of the completed model of FIG. 13.
  • FIG. 15 is a top perspective view of a student practicing the three finger pat and rub technique.
  • FIG. 16 is the same view as FIG. 15 showing the student using the spoke wheel technique.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the pat and rub technique.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the spoke wheel technique.
  • FIG. 19 is an exploded view of an inflamed lymph node model.
  • FIG. 20 is an exploded view of a model with an inflamed lymph node switch and a normal lymph node without a switch in the model.
  • FIG. 21 is a top perspective view of a simulated normal lymph node.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic shows a power supply, preferably a battery 1 connected in series with a bulb 2 and a switch 4.
  • the bulb 2 is connected in parallel with an optional teaching device, preferably a stored message device with a speaker, such as a tape recorder 3.
  • the momentary pushbutton switch 4 could be a Radioshack ® SPST miniswit ⁇ h, part no. 275-1547. It could also be a variable rheostat switch that increases the current flow the further the action end is depressed.
  • a dab of glue 5 holds a simulated lump 6 to the action end 7 of the switch 4.
  • the simulated lump 6 could be a wooden sphere selected at a size to approximate a cancerous lump.
  • the essence of the present invention is to suspend this switch arrangement or an equivalent thereof in a soft, pliable model of a human breast.
  • a student can use medically defined probing methods to locate the simulated lump 6 and move the action end 7 to light the bulb 2.
  • FIGS. 2,3,4 the preferred method to encapsulate the switch/lump assembly 64 is shown.
  • a mold 23 consists of a bottom 22 and halves 20, 21.
  • a hole 230 allows the assembly 64 to protrude therethrough.
  • Wires 8,9 are threaded through the hole 230 up and out cavity 24 before a silicone or like substance 31 is poured in via container 30.
  • the insert 40 consists of a silicone body having a cylindrical shape with wires 8,9 extending from an end and the assembly 64 extending from a side. This insert 40 can be placed in any orientation desired in a model of a human breast. Multiple inserts 40 can also be used in the human breast model as shown in FIG. 12.
  • FIGS . 5,6,7 show an alternative method of forming a similar insert 70.
  • a rubber glove 50 has fingers 51,52,53,54 that are used as molds for the insert 70.
  • a hole 61 is drilled into the finished mold to allow the wires 8,9 to be inserted as shown.
  • a breast mold 80 has a cavity 81 which has a flat base portion 82, a breast portion 83 and a nipple portion 84.
  • nipple portion 84 has been filled with a nipple colored silicone 90.
  • skin layer 100 is poured.
  • an insert (s) 40 is placed in the cavity 81.
  • the silicone 110 is poured.
  • base layer 120 is poured.
  • the wires are connected in FIG. 13 to a battery 132 and bulb 2.
  • a hole 130 in the completed model 131 allows the bulb 2 to protrude.
  • a base 800 supports the model 131 and the battery 132 and any other optional training aids such as a voice chip/recorder/speaker.
  • An uncured silicone mixed with an oil to give a more lifelike texture than a catalyst is added for curing the silicone 110.
  • a small amount 90 has been set aside and a different color is added. This is poured carefully into the mold area of the nipple and areola giving a different color. The silicone 90 is allowed to set then the rest of the silicone 110 is poured in a circular manner into the mold forming the skin layer 100. Inserts 40 with a substance that is harder than the surrounding silicone attached to it 110 are placed in the cavity 81, then the silicone is poured.
  • the switch 4 has two wires 8, 9 attached. FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • FIG. 19 show the microswitches that could be used in the model.
  • FIG. 1 has one point of contact whereas FIG. 19 has 5 points of contact.
  • FIG. 1 simulates location of a lump while FIG. 19 illustrates simulation of finding a swollen lymph node.
  • a lump encompasses a smaller surface area then the surface area of a swollen lymph node.
  • One wire goes to the light and the other to an energy source (battery) .
  • the light a blue LED, is illuminated with pressure applied to the switch (completes a circuit) . This can be replaced with a vibrator that would be placed in the silicone and produce waves throughout the silicone.
  • the light could also be replaced with a buzzer or a lever, that would make a buzzing or clicking noise with pressure to the switch and the circuit is completed.
  • the switch could be attached to a tape recorder that would tell you that you found a lump in the breast and if other lumps are to be found.
  • Different types of sensors could be placed in the model before pouring silicone so different amounts of pressure would light different colored lights. The amount of pressure depends on placement of sensors and distance from the surface. To show the amount of pressure needed to detect a lump, a tape recording could also be used that would tell you if more or less pressure is needed.
  • These sensory switches would be placed in areas that have high incidence of cancer or lower incidences than the light or a record would tell if you are in the correct place or not.
  • Silicone can be different colors to represent areas of the breast that are the most common places cancer is found. Silicone could be colorless to allow the internal parts of the breast model to be seen as well as locations of lumps. Each internal part of the breast could be a different color with muscles at the back of the breast poured at different times as well as in different directions allowing for an anatomically correct model.
  • the top half of the breast model could be clear silicone. The bottom half could be colored to give an idea of the location of internal parts in relation to the, outside of the breast. Silicone could be of different grades and cured at different temperatures or with different catalyst added to change the texture of the silicone. Each internal part would have to have a separate mold.
  • the internal part might not need to be made of silicone but other materials. Different sizes of breast for different stages of life (ages) as well as shapes could be made. Lumps of silicone might be added to show swelling in different areas of the breast. These would need to be placed next to the outside of the mold. Then they would have a layer of silicone poured over the lump showing what a lump might look like or feel like. Silicone acting as the outer skin can have color to look like skin cancer, red with black or a dark center, irregular edges (pinpoint, zit like) . The mold itself may need to be made differently. It may need to have the pigment added to these areas before the silicone is poured.
  • the nipple may have to be hollowed out so that it could be inverted and then extended as a normal nipple would be. This may need a latex product inside the silicone nipple to allow flexibility so it could be inverted and extended a number of times, so that it wouldn' t wear out.
  • the nipple could have micro holes put into it to allow a fluid to escape with a light squeeze and or palpitation of the nipple and areoja.
  • a sack of fluid would be placed behind the nipple.
  • An extended sack with a duct that would lead to the nipple so that with pressure, a small amount of fluid would be produced at the end of the nipple.
  • the fluid would be a white, cloudy substance. This could be replenished with a needle and syringe.
  • the sack would be self sealing with a back flow preventor to the nipple so fluid would flow in only one direction.
  • cancer has advanced to a stage it will give off an odor. This might be reproduced by a sack into the back of the breast that can be refilled by a needle and syringe. This would be a self sealing sack the odor would only be emitted with palpitation of the swollen area. This method would give reinforcement on how to check and what to check for in the breast. Lymphatic systems, different than lumps used for cancer not as density and not fluid as fibrous cyst.
  • the student 150 is using the pat and rub technique using three middle fingers to apply pressure. Pat and rub in a circular motion moving completely around the breast in one direction c (clockwise) or cc (counterclockwise) direction starting from the stem (outer breast) to the nipple 90.
  • the spoke wheel technique is used with the three middle fingers applying pressure in a straight line (arrows w) from the stem to the nipple 90. Fingers are moved until the entire breast has been examined. The movements of the fingers look like the spokes of a wheel. Lymph nodes typically enlarge when a women has breast cancer. Lymph nodes are different from breast cancer tumor. The lymphatic system forms lumps that are not as dense or fluid as a fibrous cyst.
  • lymph nodes would be placed in the muscle level of the breast, pectoralis major and minor, at approximately the location where they would normally be found.
  • Apical lymph nodes, central lymph nodes, anterior axillary lymph nodes, or pectoral lymph nodes and internal thoracic lymph nodes may be placed at each site.
  • Two normal nodes and two enlarged nodes could be placed in a breast model. The normal node could be attached to one colored light while the enlarged node could be attached to a different colored light so that a comparison could be made.
  • the lymph nodes also typically change in size and density with age.
  • the artificial lumps may be made from wood, rubber, plastic, metal or virtually any hard material. Generally the diameter of the spherical lump ranges from .5 cm.
  • a lymph node training breast 1310 has installed therein a normal simulated lymph node lump 2100, and a larger inflamed simulated lymph node 2200. Each are preferably made of a harder plastic like the nipple 90.
  • the toggle switch 2207 has an armature 2201 with a top 2206.
  • the simulated lymph node 2200 is connected to the top 2206 as well as to arms 2202, 2203, 2204, 2205.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un support pédagogique permettant au personnel médical et aux non spécialistes de s'entraîner à détecter une tumeur cancéreuse dans un sein humain. Le modèle décrit comprend une boule sphérique d'une taille simulant une tumeur cancéreuse. La boule est collée sur le poussoir d'un microcommutateur. Le microcommutateur est incorporé dans un élément rapporté en silicone, lequel est moulé à l'intérieur d'un modèle (131) reproduisant un sein humain naturel. Lorsque la boule est poussée vers la bas contre le poussoir, un dispositif d'avertissement tel qu'une lumière (2) est activé.
PCT/US2004/035070 2003-10-29 2004-10-25 Support et procede pedagogique comprenant un modele de sein Ceased WO2005045787A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002544431A CA2544431A1 (fr) 2003-10-29 2004-10-25 Support et procede pedagogique comprenant un modele de sein

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/696,604 2003-10-29
US10/696,604 US6854976B1 (en) 2002-11-02 2003-10-29 Breast model teaching aid and method

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005045787A1 true WO2005045787A1 (fr) 2005-05-19

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PCT/US2004/035070 Ceased WO2005045787A1 (fr) 2003-10-29 2004-10-25 Support et procede pedagogique comprenant un modele de sein

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WO (1) WO2005045787A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108542428A (zh) * 2018-05-10 2018-09-18 日照市中医医院 一种超声科显示甲状腺微小结节的模具
CN113823162A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2021-12-21 河南中医药大学第一附属医院 一种用于模拟乳腺手术的手术模型

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109272843A (zh) * 2018-11-23 2019-01-25 神农架林区人民医院 用于乳腺触诊的模拟训练装置

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4001951A (en) * 1975-03-25 1977-01-11 Fasse Wolfgang G Breast cancer detection training device
US4134218A (en) * 1977-10-11 1979-01-16 Adams Calvin K Breast cancer detection training system
US4867686A (en) * 1989-02-09 1989-09-19 Goldstein Mark K Breast cancer detection model and method for using same
US5273435A (en) * 1992-07-16 1993-12-28 The Mcw Research Foundation, Inc. Tumor localization phantom
US6575757B1 (en) * 2000-08-04 2003-06-10 West Virginia University Computer based instrumentation and sensing for physical examination training

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4001951A (en) * 1975-03-25 1977-01-11 Fasse Wolfgang G Breast cancer detection training device
US4134218A (en) * 1977-10-11 1979-01-16 Adams Calvin K Breast cancer detection training system
US4867686A (en) * 1989-02-09 1989-09-19 Goldstein Mark K Breast cancer detection model and method for using same
US5273435A (en) * 1992-07-16 1993-12-28 The Mcw Research Foundation, Inc. Tumor localization phantom
US5273435B1 (en) * 1992-07-16 1995-12-05 Wisconsin Med College Inc Tumor localization phantom
US6575757B1 (en) * 2000-08-04 2003-06-10 West Virginia University Computer based instrumentation and sensing for physical examination training

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108542428A (zh) * 2018-05-10 2018-09-18 日照市中医医院 一种超声科显示甲状腺微小结节的模具
CN108542428B (zh) * 2018-05-10 2020-12-22 日照市中医医院 一种超声科显示甲状腺微小结节的模具
CN113823162A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2021-12-21 河南中医药大学第一附属医院 一种用于模拟乳腺手术的手术模型

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