WO2005045661A1 - Use of alternative keys for keyboard functions - Google Patents
Use of alternative keys for keyboard functions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005045661A1 WO2005045661A1 PCT/SG2004/000360 SG2004000360W WO2005045661A1 WO 2005045661 A1 WO2005045661 A1 WO 2005045661A1 SG 2004000360 W SG2004000360 W SG 2004000360W WO 2005045661 A1 WO2005045661 A1 WO 2005045661A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- keyboard
- musical
- function
- keys
- alphanumeric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/32—Constructional details
- G10H1/34—Switch arrangements, e.g. keyboards or mechanical switches specially adapted for electrophonic musical instruments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/02—Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials
- G06F3/023—Arrangements for converting discrete items of information into a coded form, e.g. arrangements for interpreting keyboard generated codes as alphanumeric codes, operand codes or instruction codes
- G06F3/0238—Programmable keyboards
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
- G10H2220/155—User input interfaces for electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H2220/221—Keyboards, i.e. configuration of several keys or key-like input devices relative to one another
- G10H2220/231—Alphanumeric, used for musical purposes or with additional musical features, e.g. typewriter or pc-type keyboard reconfigured such that letters or symbols are assigned to musical notes
Definitions
- This invention relates to the use of alternative keys for keyboard functions and refers particularly, though not exclusively, to the use of musical keys on a combined musical and alphanumeric keyboard for non-musical functions.
- alphanumeric is to be taken as including any symbols that may be found on the keys of a computer keyboard including regional or national alphabets, scripts and symbols.
- a so-called “western” keyboard may include the following alphanumeric keys: alpha keys a to z; numeric keys 0 to 9; function keys including dedicated function keys such as, for example, F1 to F12, and such keys as Internet access keys; instructional keys such as, for example, "Esc", “Enter”, “Ctl”, “Shift”, “Tab”, “Caps Lock”, “Delete”, “Insert”, “Home”, “Page Up”, “Page Down”, “End”, “Num Lock”; cursor control keys; multimedia function keys including volume, track, skip, fast forward, reverse, fast reverse, and so forth; and the "Shift” function of all of them.
- Velocity is where the force with which the musical key is struck determines the volume or loudness of the audio output.
- a musical keyboard has velocity, that may be of advantage in non-musical aspects. Also, the musical keyboard may be able to be used as an alternative for certain functions of the alphanumeric keyboard.
- a keyboard comprising: (a) an alphanumeric keyboard with a plurality of alphanumeric keys; (b) a musical keyboard with a plurality of musical keys; (c) an alphanumeric keyboard driver for the alphanumeric keyboard; (d) a musical keyboard driver for the musical keyboard; and (e) a processor for mapping at least one function of the alphanumeric keyboard driver to the musical keyboard driver to enable the musical keyboard to perform the at least one function.
- the alphanumeric keyboard driver able to be mapped to the musical keyboard driver.
- each of the plurality of keys of the musical keyboard has velocity functionality. It is also preferable that at least one function key is mapped to enable adjacent keys of the musical keyboard to perform the at least one function.
- At least one programmable function key is able to be programmed for one or more functions of one or more of the alphanumeric keys.
- a keyboard comprising: (a) an alphanumeric keyboard with a plurality of alphanumeric keys; (b) a musical keyboard with a plurality of musical keys; (c) an alphanumeric keyboard driver for the alphanumeric keyboard; (d) a musical keyboard driver for the musical keyboard; and (e) at least one programmable function key able to be programmed for one or more functions of one or more of the alphanumeric keys.
- programmable function keys each programmed with a different function
- at least one programmable function key is programmed for the combined function of a plurality of the alphanumeric keys.
- a method for enabling at least one musical key of a musical keyboard to perform a function of an alphanumeric keyboard includes the steps: (a) upon a selected function of an alphanumeric key being selected and a desired at least one musical key of the musical keyboard being determined to perform the function, disabling a musical function of the at least one musical key in a musical keyboard driver; (b) mapping the selected function from a driver of the alphanumeric keyboard to the driver of the musical keyboard; and (c) enabling the desired musical key to perform the selected function.
- each key of the plurality of keys of the musical keyboard has velocity functionality so that the selected function can be performed at a rate dependent upon a speed or force with which each key of the plurality of keys is struck.
- the selected function may be mapped so that a plurality of adjacent keys of the musical keyboard are able to perform the selected function.
- each key of the plurality of keys of the musical keyboard has velocity functionality so that the selected function can be performed at a rate dependent upon a speed or force with which each key of the plurality of keys is struck.
- Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a computer system using the present invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of keyboard of Figure 1
- Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of the keyboard of Figure 2 with an integrated music keyboard
- Figure 4 is an illustration of the system architecture
- Figure 5 is a flow chart for use of the musical keyboard for non-musical functions.
- Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of a variation of the keyboard of Figure 3.
- FIG. 1 and 2 there is shown a computer system including monitor 10, host PC 12 and keyboard 14. Keyboard 14 is shown connected to host PC 12 by a cable 16.
- a wireless connection may be used.
- the wireless connection may be by any suitable system including, for example, Bluetooth, or any other radio frequency or infrared system.
- Cable 16 is connected to keyboard 14 at one end, and has its other end at least one digital data connector 26. It is preferred to be only one connector 26.
- the connector 26 may be a USB connector or a IEEE 1394 connector, or other suitable digital data transfer connector. In the following description reference will be made to the use of a single USB connector for the sake of convenience.
- Figure 3 shows a combined keyboard 30 having a musical keyboard 32 with a plurality musical keys 34, and alphanumeric keys 50, the two sets of keys 34, 50 being built in and integrated.
- Keyboard 30 preferably has velocity functionality as described in our earlier application.
- Figure 4 shows the system architecture. There are the two sets of keys 32, 50 each having their respective drivers 18, 20. The output from each driver 18, 20 is input to a processor 24. Also input to processor 24 is the output from a selector 22. Selector 22 is used to select the functionality to be mapped from keys 50 to keys 32, and the keys 32 required to which the function is to be mapped. Selector 22 may be the host 12 as instructed by use of the alphanumeric keys 50.
- the musical functions of the musical keys 32 are disabled (40) by an interrupt signal from processor 24 to musical keyboard driver 18.
- the processor 24 maps the selected functionality (42) from alphanumeric keyboard driver 20 to musical keyboard driver 18 so that when the desired key is pressed (44), the selected functionality is performed.
- the functionality mapped to keys 32 may be those keys used for playing games on host 12 and monitor 10 by using keyboard 30.
- the cursor control keys 52 could be used for punching and kicking in martial arts and like games. If this functionality is mapped to keys 32, the speed or force with which the key 32 is hit will determine the speed or force of the punch or kick. Similarly, for firing a weapon, the speed or force of hitting key 32 determines the rate of fire of the weapon. Key 32 could also have the 'repeat' function mapped to it so that a faster response may be obtained. Also, as long as the key 32 is held, the function can continue. Thus, by using the velocity functionality on each key 32, the rate of execution of the selected, mapped function will be dependent on the speed or force with which key 32 is struck.
- More than one adjacent musical key 32 may have the one function mapped to them so that a user can use more than one key in an alternating fashion (as in a tremolo) to provide enhanced speed. For example, when firing a weapon or punching during a game.
- the keyboard 30 may have additional programmable function keys 54 able to be pre-programmed, or user-programmed for any function of alphanumeric keys 50.
- programmable function keys 54 there may be any suitable number of programmable function keys 54 such as, for example, 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
- the functionality programmed may be for a single alphanumeric key, or for a combination of two or more alphanumeric keys.
- one programmable function key 54 could be programmed to be an Internet access key, and another a reboot key (control + alt + delete). For Internet access, it may be programmed (user or pre-set) to a particular URL.
- the functionality may also be a shortcut to an application on host PC 12.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Input From Keyboards Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
There is provided a keyboard comprising an alphanumeric keyboard with a plurality of alphanumeric keys, and a musical keyboard with a plurality of musical keys. The alphanumeric keyboard has a driver, and the musical keyboard also has a driver. There is also a processor for mapping at least one function of the alphanumeric keyboard driver to the musical keyboard driver to enable the musical keyboard to perform the at least one function. A method for enabling at least one musical key of a musical keyboard to perform a function of an alphanumeric keyboard is also disclosed.
Description
Use of Alternative Keys for Keyboard Functions
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the use of alternative keys for keyboard functions and refers particularly, though not exclusively, to the use of musical keys on a combined musical and alphanumeric keyboard for non-musical functions.
Definitions
Throughout this specification reference to "alphanumeric" is to be taken as including any symbols that may be found on the keys of a computer keyboard including regional or national alphabets, scripts and symbols. For example, a so- called "western" keyboard may include the following alphanumeric keys: alpha keys a to z; numeric keys 0 to 9; function keys including dedicated function keys such as, for example, F1 to F12, and such keys as Internet access keys; instructional keys such as, for example, "Esc", "Enter", "Ctl", "Shift", "Tab", "Caps Lock", "Delete", "Insert", "Home", "Page Up", "Page Down", "End", "Num Lock"; cursor control keys; multimedia function keys including volume, track, skip, fast forward, reverse, fast reverse, and so forth; and the "Shift" function of all of them.
Background to the Invention
Combined musical and alphanumeric keyboards are known. For example, see our earlier application number PCT/SG01/00040, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Musical keyboards quite often have what is termed "velocity". Velocity is where the force with which the musical key is struck determines the volume or loudness of the audio output. For example, see our earlier US patent application serial number 10/382,284 filed March 4, 2O03 for an invention entitled "Musical Keyboard System
For Electronic Musical Instrument" (our "earlier application"), the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
If a musical keyboard has velocity, that may be of advantage in non-musical aspects. Also, the musical keyboard may be able to be used as an alternative for certain functions of the alphanumeric keyboard.
Summary of the Invention
In accordance with a preferred aspect of the present invention, there is a keyboard comprising: (a) an alphanumeric keyboard with a plurality of alphanumeric keys; (b) a musical keyboard with a plurality of musical keys; (c) an alphanumeric keyboard driver for the alphanumeric keyboard; (d) a musical keyboard driver for the musical keyboard; and (e) a processor for mapping at least one function of the alphanumeric keyboard driver to the musical keyboard driver to enable the musical keyboard to perform the at least one function.
It is preferable that there are a plurality of functions of the alphanumeric keyboard driver able to be mapped to the musical keyboard driver. There may be a selector to select a selected function from the plurality of functions. It is preferable that the selection is in a host computer.
It is advantageous that each of the plurality of keys of the musical keyboard has velocity functionality. It is also preferable that at least one function key is mapped to enable adjacent keys of the musical keyboard to perform the at least one function.
It is preferable that at least one programmable function key is able to be programmed for one or more functions of one or more of the alphanumeric keys.
There is also provided a keyboard comprising: (a) an alphanumeric keyboard with a plurality of alphanumeric keys; (b) a musical keyboard with a plurality of musical keys; (c) an alphanumeric keyboard driver for the alphanumeric keyboard; (d) a musical keyboard driver for the musical keyboard; and
(e) at least one programmable function key able to be programmed for one or more functions of one or more of the alphanumeric keys.
Preferably, there are a plurality of programmable function keys each programmed with a different function, and at least one programmable function key is programmed for the combined function of a plurality of the alphanumeric keys.
A method for enabling at least one musical key of a musical keyboard to perform a function of an alphanumeric keyboard is also provided. The method includes the steps: (a) upon a selected function of an alphanumeric key being selected and a desired at least one musical key of the musical keyboard being determined to perform the function, disabling a musical function of the at least one musical key in a musical keyboard driver; (b) mapping the selected function from a driver of the alphanumeric keyboard to the driver of the musical keyboard; and (c) enabling the desired musical key to perform the selected function.
Preferably, each key of the plurality of keys of the musical keyboard has velocity functionality so that the selected function can be performed at a rate dependent upon a speed or force with which each key of the plurality of keys is struck. The selected function may be mapped so that a plurality of adjacent keys of the musical keyboard are able to perform the selected function.
It is advantageous that each key of the plurality of keys of the musical keyboard has velocity functionality so that the selected function can be performed at a rate dependent upon a speed or force with which each key of the plurality of keys is struck.
Description of the Drawings
In order that the invention may be readily understood and put into practical effect, there shall now be described by way of non-limitative example only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the description being with reference to the accompanying illustrative drawings in which: Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a computer system using the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of keyboard of Figure 1 ;
Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of the keyboard of Figure 2 with an integrated music keyboard;
Figure 4 is an illustration of the system architecture;
Figure 5 is a flow chart for use of the musical keyboard for non-musical functions; and
Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of a variation of the keyboard of Figure 3.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
To first refer to Figures 1 and 2, there is shown a computer system including monitor 10, host PC 12 and keyboard 14. Keyboard 14 is shown connected to host PC 12 by a cable 16. Alternatively, a wireless connection may be used. The wireless connection may be by any suitable system including, for example, Bluetooth, or any other radio frequency or infrared system.
Cable 16 is connected to keyboard 14 at one end, and has its other end at least one digital data connector 26. It is preferred to be only one connector 26. The connector 26 may be a USB connector or a IEEE 1394 connector, or other suitable digital data transfer connector. In the following description reference will be made to the use of a single USB connector for the sake of convenience.
Figure 3 shows a combined keyboard 30 having a musical keyboard 32 with a plurality musical keys 34, and alphanumeric keys 50, the two sets of keys 34, 50 being built in and integrated. Keyboard 30 preferably has velocity functionality as described in our earlier application.
Figure 4 shows the system architecture. There are the two sets of keys 32, 50 each having their respective drivers 18, 20. The output from each driver 18, 20 is input to a processor 24. Also input to processor 24 is the output from a selector 22. Selector 22 is used to select the functionality to be mapped from keys 50 to keys 32, and the keys 32 required to which the function is to be mapped. Selector 22 may be the host 12 as instructed by use of the alphanumeric keys 50.
Upon the combination of key and function being accepted (38) the musical functions of the musical keys 32 are disabled (40) by an interrupt signal from processor 24 to musical keyboard driver 18. The processor 24 then maps the selected functionality (42) from alphanumeric keyboard driver 20 to musical
keyboard driver 18 so that when the desired key is pressed (44), the selected functionality is performed.
If the keys 32 have velocity, that can be used with effect. For example, the functionality mapped to keys 32 may be those keys used for playing games on host 12 and monitor 10 by using keyboard 30. For example, the cursor control keys 52 could be used for punching and kicking in martial arts and like games. If this functionality is mapped to keys 32, the speed or force with which the key 32 is hit will determine the speed or force of the punch or kick. Similarly, for firing a weapon, the speed or force of hitting key 32 determines the rate of fire of the weapon. Key 32 could also have the 'repeat' function mapped to it so that a faster response may be obtained. Also, as long as the key 32 is held, the function can continue. Thus, by using the velocity functionality on each key 32, the rate of execution of the selected, mapped function will be dependent on the speed or force with which key 32 is struck.
More than one adjacent musical key 32 may have the one function mapped to them so that a user can use more than one key in an alternating fashion (as in a tremolo) to provide enhanced speed. For example, when firing a weapon or punching during a game.
As shown in Figure 6, the keyboard 30 may have additional programmable function keys 54 able to be pre-programmed, or user-programmed for any function of alphanumeric keys 50. There may be any suitable number of programmable function keys 54 such as, for example, 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10. the functionality programmed may be for a single alphanumeric key, or for a combination of two or more alphanumeric keys. For example, one programmable function key 54 could be programmed to be an Internet access key, and another a reboot key (control + alt + delete). For Internet access, it may be programmed (user or pre-set) to a particular URL. The functionality may also be a shortcut to an application on host PC 12.
Whilst there has been described in the foregoing description a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the technology concerned that many variations or modifications in details of design, construction and operation may be made without departing from the present invention.
Claims
1. A keyboard comprising: (a) an alphanumeric keyboard with a plurality of alphanumeric keys; (b) a musical keyboard with a plurality of musical keys; (c) an alphanumeric keyboard driver for the alphanumeric keyboard; (d) a musical keyboard driver for the musical keyboard; and (e) a processor for mapping at least one function of the alphanumeric keyboard driver to the musical keyboard driver to enable the musical keyboard to perform the at least one function.
2. A keyboard as claimed in claim 1 , wherein there are a plurality of functions of the alphanumeric keyboard driver able to be mapped to the musical keyboard driver.
3. A keyboard as claimed in claim 2, further including a selector to select a selected function from the plurality of functions.
4. A keyboard . as claimed in claim 3, wherein the selection is in a host computer.
5. A keyboard as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of keys of the musical keyboard has velocity functionality.
6. A keyboard as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one function key is mapped to enable adjacent keys of the musical keyboard to perform the at least one function.
7. A keyboard as claimed in claim 5, wherein the at least one function key is mapped to enable adjacent keys of the musical keyboard to perform the at least one function.
8. A keyboard as claimed in claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of keys of the musical keyboard has velocity functionality.
9. A keyboard as claimed in claim 8, wherein the at least one function key is mapped to enable adjacent keys of the musical keyboard to perform the at least one function.
10. A keyboard as claimed in claim 1 , further including at least one programmable function key able to be programmed for one or more functions of one or more of the alphanumeric keys.
11. A keyboard as claimed in claim 9, further including at least one programmable function key able to be programmed for one or more functions of one or more of the alphanumeric keys.
12. A keyboard comprising: (a) an alphanumeric keyboard with a plurality of alphanumeric keys; (b) a musical keyboard with a plurality of musical keys; (c) an alphanumeric keyboard driver for the alphanumeric keyboard; (d) a musical keyboard driver for the musical keyboard; and (e) at least one programmable function key able to be programmed for one or more functions of one or more of the alphanumeric keys.
13. A keyboard as claimed in claim 12, wherein there are a plurality of programmable function keys each programmed with a different function.
14. A keyboard as claimed in claim 13, wherein the at least one programmable function key is programmed for the combined function of a plurality of the alphanumeric keys.
15. A method for enabling at least one musical key of a musical keyboard to perform a function of an alphanumeric keyboard, the method including the steps: (a) upon a selected function of an alphanumeric key being selected and a desired at least one musical key of the musical keyboard being determined to perform the function, disabling a musical function of the at least one musical key in a musical keyboard driver; (b) mapping the selected function from a driver of the alphanumeric keyboard to the driver of the musical keyboard; and (c) enabling the desired musical key to perform the selected function.
16. A method as claimed in claim 15, wherein each key of the plurality of keys of the musical keyboard has velocity functionality so that the selected function can be performed at a rate dependent upon a speed or force with which each key of the plurality of keys is struck.
17. A method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the selected function is mapped so that a plurality of adjacent keys of the musical keyboard are able to perform the selected function.
18. A method as claimed in claim 15, wherein a plurality of functions of the alphanumeric keyboard driver are mapped to the musical keyboard driver.
19. A method as claimed in claim 18 wherein a desired function of the plurality of functions can be selected, the selection being in a host computer.
20. A method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the at least one function key is mapped to enable adjacent keys of the musical keyboard to perform the at least one function.
21. A method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the selected function is mapped so that a plurality of adjacent keys of the musical keyboard are able to perform the selected function.
22. A method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the at least one function key is mapped to enable adjacent keys of the musical keyboard to perform the at least one function.
23. A method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the at least one function key is mapped to enable adjacent keys of the musical keyboard to perform the at least one function.
24. A method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the at least one function key is mapped to enable adjacent keys of the musical keyboard to perform the at least one function.
25. A method as claimed in claim 19, wherein each key of the plurality of keys of the musical keyboard has velocity functionality so that the selected function can be performed at a rate dependent upon a speed or force with which each key of the plurality of keys is struck.
26. A method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the selected function is mapped so that a plurality of adjacent keys of the musical keyboard are able to perform the selected function.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SG200306771-7 | 2003-11-07 | ||
| SG200306771 | 2003-11-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005045661A1 true WO2005045661A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
Family
ID=34568091
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SG2004/000360 Ceased WO2005045661A1 (en) | 2003-11-07 | 2004-11-01 | Use of alternative keys for keyboard functions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2005045661A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5646648A (en) * | 1994-12-05 | 1997-07-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Musically enhanced computer keyboard and method for entering musical and textual information into computer systems |
| WO2001071470A1 (en) * | 2000-03-20 | 2001-09-27 | Creative Technology Ltd | Multimedia keyboard with string instrument module |
| US6351225B1 (en) * | 1999-08-05 | 2002-02-26 | Enrique I. Moreno | Multimedia PC keyboard extended with music control keys |
-
2004
- 2004-11-01 WO PCT/SG2004/000360 patent/WO2005045661A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5646648A (en) * | 1994-12-05 | 1997-07-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Musically enhanced computer keyboard and method for entering musical and textual information into computer systems |
| US6351225B1 (en) * | 1999-08-05 | 2002-02-26 | Enrique I. Moreno | Multimedia PC keyboard extended with music control keys |
| WO2001071470A1 (en) * | 2000-03-20 | 2001-09-27 | Creative Technology Ltd | Multimedia keyboard with string instrument module |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| GERHARD LENGELING: "Creator MIDI sequence system", 3.23 REMOTE, 1987, pages 66 - 67 * |
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