WO2004113138A1 - Supporting device for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a supporting device (17) for a motor vehicle (1), especially a fire engine, military vehicle, or police vehicle, comprising at least one supporting mechanism (19) that is adjustable by means of an adjusting drive unit (24), can be fixed to a chassis frame (9) so as to face a contact surface (14) of the vehicle (1) tires, and is provided with at least one support wheel (18). Said supporting mechanism (19) is formed by a multijoint lever arrangement (23) which is pivotally or adjustably mounted on a supporting profile (29) via basic levers (3 6). An actuating device for a supporting force of the support wheel (18), which acts in a direction extending approximately vertical to the contact surface (14) of the vehicle (1) tires, is associated with at least one basic lever (36) of the multijoint lever arrangement (23).

Description

Support device for a motor vehicle

The invention relates to a support device as described in the preamble of claim 1.

Support devices with support wheels are known, for example, from the prior art for semitrailers in order to support them for uncoupling the towing vehicle from the roadway, these support devices being formed, for example, by mechanically adjustable telescopic supports, in which the support height can be adjusted to prevent a decoupling process from To allow towing vehicle.

Furthermore, support devices with pivotable support wheels for space-saving maneuvering of trailers and similar vehicles are known.

The object of the invention is to provide a support device for a motor vehicle in order to reduce the supporting force acting as a specific load on a footprint due to the total weight or axle pressures of the vehicle and with which at least limited driving operation is possible.

This object of the invention is achieved by the feature reproduced in the characterizing part of claim 1. The surprising advantage here is that with a support device designed in this way, a sufficiently large support height is achieved with a small overall length and a high support force can be achieved with a low actuating force, since the possible kinematics of a multi-articulated lever arrangement forming the support device achieve advantageous power transmission , The support device is therefore suitable for heavy-duty vehicles, in particular emergency vehicles that are moved or parked for the purpose of transfers to contact areas, the surface loads of which are limited, for example in airplanes, ships, loading ramps, etc., and also makes it possible to provide a higher overall weight of the motor vehicle by increasing the number of support points , The use of an adjusting device assigned to the multi-articulated lever arrangement furthermore makes it possible to adapt the supporting force when the supporting height changes, thereby providing a high level of security against permissible surface loads being exceeded. However, an embodiment according to claim 2 is also possible, as a result of which a lever arrangement that is simple to manufacture is used.

According to the advantageous embodiment as described in claim 3, the combination of different functions on components simplifies the arrangement.

A design advantageously characterized in claim 4 ensures linear adjustment in a component with simultaneous pivot adjustment for end regions of the base lever with cost-effective production and assembly.

Due to the advantageous developments as described in claims 5 and 6, a dimensioning is achieved which is adapted to the dimensions of the chassis longitudinal member provided for fastening the support device.

According to the advantageous developments characterized in claims 7 to 12, it is possible to achieve a predetermined supporting force by a corresponding preloading of a spring arrangement when the supporting device for lowering the supporting wheel against a contact surface with a corresponding adjustment path of the adjusting drive. By means of the further provided adjusting device, a variation of a spring length, which specifies the preload, is changed when the support height changes, e.g. by unevenness or a deviation from the contact area in the area of a transition from a roadway to an access ramp, whereby the required relief of the surface load applied to the contact area or ramp as a result of the axle pressures is effectively achieved even in such transition areas.

Furthermore, a training as described in claim 13 is also advantageous, because as a result, the supporting force to be applied by the supporting device to reduce surface loads in the area of the wheels of the motor vehicle in each case by the supporting device, which is required by the supporting device in an automated process and thus with a high rate, regardless of possibly changing axle pressures Security for compliance with the specified support force. Finally, however, an embodiment according to claim 14 is also advantageous since it is possible to retrofit existing vehicles with the support device and can very easily apply them to a vehicle when there is a specific need, for transport purposes of the vehicle.

The support device according to the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures.

Show it:

Figure 1 shows a motor vehicle with the support device according to the invention in view.

Figure 2 shows the support device in a schematic representation.

Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the support device according to the invention with a

Keeping the control device provided by the support device constant;

4 shows another embodiment of the support device according to the invention;

Fig. 5 shows the motor vehicle with the support device according to the invention, partially on a ramp.

In the introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, and the disclosures contained in the entire description can be applied analogously to the same parts with the same reference numerals or the same component names. The position information selected in the description, such as, for example, top, bottom, side, etc., are based on the figure described and illustrated immediately and are to be transferred accordingly to the new position in the event of a change in position. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described can also represent independent, inventive or inventive solutions. 1 shows a motor vehicle 1, in particular an emergency vehicle, such as a fire-fighting vehicle, for use at airports, for example, which generally has a very high overall weight due to the technical equipment but also the high volume of extinguishing liquid carried. However, motor vehicles with special functions such as military vehicles, police vehicles and similar vehicles are also possible.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the motor vehicle 1 is provided with a chassis 4 which has a front axle 2 and a rear axle 3 and which, with the corresponding structures, e.g. a vehicle operator's cab 5 and a utility structure 6 is equipped with the appropriate internals of devices 7 and tanks 8. In general, a drive mechanism 10, consisting of a drive motor 11 and a transmission mechanism 12, is installed or integrated in a chassis frame 9.

The front axle 2 and rear axle 3 are provided with corresponding wheels 13 via which a punctual supporting force - according to arrows 15 - acts on a front surface 14 according to the distribution of the total weight of the motor vehicle 1 on the front axle load and rear axle load and the respective number of wheels and which is decisive for the Surface load of the contact area.

According to the invention, the motor vehicle 1 is provided in the region between the front axle 2 and the rear axle 3 with a support device 17 acting between the chassis longitudinal members 16 and the contact surface 14, with at least one support wheel 18 each. These support devices 17 are preferably provided on at least two of chassis longitudinal members 16, which are embodied in mirror-image fashion and run in mutually parallel planes. Therefore, the description of the number of support devices 17 used on motor vehicle 1 can be omitted in the further description, although one or more than two are also possible.

The support wheel 18 is on a support device 19 which is adjustable in a direction approximately perpendicular to the contact surface 14 about an axis of rotation 21 parallel to the contact surface 14 and perpendicular to a distance 20 between the front axle 2 and the rear axle 3 in an end region 22 facing the contact surface 14 the support device 19 rotatably mounted. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the support device 19 is formed by a multi-joint lever arrangement 23 in the manner of a scissor lever arrangement. This is adjustable by means of an adjusting drive 24 between positions in which the support wheel 18 is removed from the contact surface 14 or is supported on the contact surface 14.

It is thus possible to reduce the supporting forces acting on the contact surface 14 via the wheels 13 - according to arrow 15 - by applying an additional supporting force through the support wheel 18 - according to arrow 25 - and thereby to increase the surface loads on the contact surface 14 in the area of the wheels 13 to reduce. Furthermore, it is possible to design the generally different axle pressures of the front axle 2 and rear axle 3 through different distances 26, 27 of the line of action of the supporting force - according to arrow 25 - between the front axle 2 and the rear axle 3 in accordance with the moments of force in order to achieve a uniform load distribution.

2, the support device 17 is now shown in a schematic representation with the support device 19 and the support wheel 18 rotatably mounted in the end region 22. A support profile 29, in particular an open C-profile 30 facing the contact area, is fastened on an underside 28 of the chassis longitudinal member 16 facing the contact area 14. Due to its profiling, this forms a linear guide 31 for bearing blocks 33 which are adjustably mounted in it via roller arrangements 32 and which are adjustable relative to one another - according to double arrow 34 -. The bearing blocks 33 are provided with bearing arrangements 35, in which base levers 36 of the multi-joint lever arrangement 23 are pivotably mounted about pivot axes 37 which run perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the support profile 29. The multi-articulated lever arrangement 23 in the exemplary embodiment shown is a four-articulated scissor lever system that supports the support wheel 18 so that it can rotate about the axis of rotation 21 in an end region 38 spaced apart from the support profile 29. If the bearing blocks 33 are now moved relatively towards one another, the support wheel 18 moves in the direction of the contact surface 14 and, in the extended end position, brings about the support force - according to arrow 25.

For adjustment, a bearing block 33 is formed by means of the adjusting drive 24, in the exemplary embodiment shown formed by an actuating cylinder 39 which can be pressurized with a pressure medium, e.g. hydraulic cylinder, pneumatic cylinder, spindle drive etc. This is supported on the bearing block 33 and an abutment 40 fastened to the support profile 29 and inserted between one - moved end position, in which the support wheel 18 does not touch the contact surface 14 and an extended end position, in which the support wheel 18 comes to rest on the contact surface 14, adjustable. The bearing block 33 supporting the further base lever 36 is supported in the axial direction, parallel to the linear guide 31, against the action of an adjusting device 42 formed by a compression spring 41 on the support profile 29 or against an abutment 43 fastened thereon. The compression spring 40 is in a prestressed state to compensate for any height differences caused by unevenness of the contact surface 14 with the spring force remaining almost constant and thus the support force - according to arrow 25.

A possible embodiment for prestressing the compression spring is to be arranged on a telescopic tube arrangement between support disks, the telescopic tube arrangement being counter to the action of the spring force, e.g. is clamped by means of a clamping screw.

If additional support of the motor vehicle 1 to reduce surface loads on the contact surface 14 is no longer required, the actuating cylinder 40 is retracted and the support wheel is thus moved into the retracted position on the support profile 29 via the scissor-lever arrangement.

As can also be seen in FIG. 2, there is at least one cross strut between the support device 17 shown and a support device, not shown, parallel to it, which connects end levers 44 in the end region 38.

It is also mentioned that a number of technical designs are possible for connecting the support profile 29 to the chassis longitudinal member 16, which will not be discussed in further detail.

3 shows in detail a further embodiment of the adjusting device 42 of the support device 17 according to the invention, in which a control device 47 is arranged between the abutment 43 arranged on the support profile 29 and the compression spring 41, in order to achieve a height difference 49 caused by uneven ground such as shown in dashed lines to compensate for the resulting change in spring force - according to arrow 48. This control device 47 comprises, for example, a pressure sensor 50 between the abutment 43 and the compression spring 41 and a motorized one, for example via a screw or spin Deltrieb 51 formed compensating device 52, with an adjusting element 53 which regulates the spring force. A prestressed spring length 54 is thus regulated in the event of changes caused by unevenness, ie it is kept the same.

A control device 55, e.g. B. powered by battery, is wired to record the measured values with the pressure sensor 50 and controls according to predetermined parameters the adjustment of the actuating element 53 to keep the spring force constant regardless of a spring travel 56, caused by the difference 46 in the extension path of the support wheel 18 - as this with dashed lines Lines is shown.

In addition to unevenness in the contact area 14, such a difference 49 occurs in particular as an essential factor if the motor vehicle 1 e.g. through an inclined ramp into a transport device, e.g. Airplane, ship, being loaded. Such ramps often have a relatively steep angle of attack and, depending on the position from the front axle to the rear axle on the support ramp or the support surface, this is associated with a change in a support height 57. This causes the compression spring 41 to be decompressed, in accordance with the spring travel 56, and thus leads to a reduction in the compression force of the compression spring 41 and to a reduction in the supporting force - in accordance with arrow 25. This causes an increase in the axle loads or the point-specific support forces of the wheels on a ramp or on the contact surface 14. By means of the control device 47 described, the pretension of the compression spring 41, as soon as a change in the spring force is determined by the pressure sensor 50 - according to arrow 48 - can be automatically compensated by parameters specified in the control device 55.

Another embodiment of the support device 17 is shown in FIG. 4. According to this, the base lever 36 opposite the adjusting drive 24 is mounted so that it can pivot about the pivot axis 37 in a bearing block 58 which is fixed immovably on the support profile 29.

The further bearing block 33, which is drive-connected to the adjusting drive 24, in the concrete example the actuating cylinder 39, is slidably mounted in the support profile 29 forming the linear guide 31 in the longitudinal direction of the support profile 29. The actuating cylinder 39 is also supported on the support profile 29 on the abutment 40. The actuating cylinder 39 is actuated, for example, from a motor vehicle hydraulic system, not shown, with a Print media. The actuating cylinder is supplied with the medium for lowering the supporting device (19) and for reaching a predetermined supporting force - according to arrow 25 - via an electro-hydraulic control device 59 which, in this exemplary embodiment, forms the adjusting device 42 for the supporting force of the supporting device 19 to be applied. In addition to control valves for the pressure medium, the control device 59 comprises a data memory 60 and a computer 61 and is connected via lines 62 to the vehicle controller (not shown further), from which the control device 59 is supplied with measurement data about current axle loads of the motor vehicle. For this purpose, in a matrix of the data memory 60, depending on the respective kinematic conditions of the multi-articulated lever arrangement 23 which are predetermined by the support height 57, the medium pressures required to achieve a support force corresponding to the axle loads are stored for acting on the actuating cylinder 39 and are used to actuate the actuating cylinder 39 with the pressure medium - arrow 63 - used.

In Fig. 5, the motor vehicle 1 equipped with the support device 17 during a loading process is e.g. shown on a load platform 64 of an aircraft, ship, etc. The front axle 2 is supported via the wheels 13 in the position shown on an access ramp 65, while the rear axle 3 with the wheels 13 are still supported on the contact surface 14. This results in a transition area 66 between the contact surface 14 and the ramp 65, as already described above, the height difference 49 of the support height 57 compared to an imaginary connecting line 67 of support points 68, and this leads to a decompression of the compression spring 41 and thus to a reduction in the applied Support force - according to arrow 25. In order to avoid an associated increase in the support forces on the wheels 13 - according to arrow 15 - and to avoid exceeding a limited surface load on the ramp 65, the support device 1, as already described in the previous figures, assigns the adjusting device 42 Readjustment of the spring force of the compression spring 41 or the adjusting force of the adjusting drive 24.

The exemplary embodiments show possible design variants of the support device 17, it being noted at this point that the invention is not restricted to the specially illustrated design variants of the support device, but rather also various combinations of the individual design variants with one another are possible, and this variation possibility is based on the teaching of technical action by means of representational examples invention lies in the ability of the specialist working in this technical field. The scope of protection also includes all conceivable design variants which are possible by combining individual details of the design variant illustrated and described.

For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the structure of the support device 17, these or their components have been partially shown to scale and / or enlarged and / or reduced.

The object on which the independent inventive solutions are based can be found in the description.

Above all, the individual in FIGS. 1, 2; 3; 4; 5 shown embodiments form the subject of independent, inventive solutions. The relevant tasks and solutions according to the invention can be found in the detailed descriptions of these figures.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

Motor vehicle 36 base lever front axle 37 swivel axis rear axle 38 end area chassis 39 actuating cylinder vehicle control cabin 40 abutment useful structure 41 compression spring device 42 actuator tank 43 abutment chassis frame 44 end lever drive mechanism 45 wheel bearing drive motor 46 transmission mechanism 47 control device wheel 48 arrow footprint 49 height difference arrow 50 pressure sensor chassis longitudinal member 51 screw- or spindle drive support device 52 compensating device support wheel 53 control element support device 54 spring length distance 55 control device rotary axis 56 spring travel end area 57 support height multi-link lever arrangement 58 bearing block adjustment drive 59 control device arrow 60 data storage distance 61 computer distance 62 cable underside 63 arrow support profile 64 load platform C-profile 65 ramp ramp linear guide 66 Transition area arrangement 67 connecting line - bearing block 68 support point double arrow bearing arrangement

Claims

Patent claims 1. Support device (17) for a motor vehicle (1), in particular emergency vehicle for fire brigade, military, police, with at least one support device that can be fastened by means of an adjustment drive (24) to a support frame (9) facing a footprint (14) of the vehicle (1) (19) and with at least one support wheel arrangement arranged on this at an end region (22) facing the contact surface (14) with at least one support wheel (18), characterized in that the support device (19) is supported by a base lever (36) a multi-link lever arrangement (23) which is pivotably or adjustably mounted on a support profile (29) and at least one base lever (36) of the multi-link lever arrangement (23) is an adjusting device (41) for a direction approximately perpendicular to the contact surface (14) acting support force of the support wheel (18) is assigned. 2. Support device according to claim 1, characterized in that the multi-link lever arrangement (23) is formed by a four-link scissor lever arrangement. 3. Support device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support profile (29) is formed by a C-profile in which on roller assemblies (32) in alignment with each other adjustable bearing blocks (33) for the pivotable mounting of the base lever ( 36) of the support device (19) are arranged. 4. Support device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the bearing blocks (33), the base levers (36) are pivotally mounted about pivot axes (37) extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal extent of the support profile (29). 5. Support device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that between a bearing block (33) and an abutment (40) fixedly connected to the supporting profile (29) is an adjusting drive (24), e.g. an actuating cylinder (39), hydraulic cylinder, pneumatic cylinder or electric spindle drive which can be acted upon by a pressure medium is arranged. 6. Support device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device (42) is arranged between a further abutment (43) attached to the support profile (29) and the further bearing block (33). 7. Support device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device (42) by a prestressed spring arrangement e.g. a compression spring (41) is formed. 8. Support device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compression spring (41) is arranged on a telescopic tube arrangement. 9. Support device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that an adjusting element (53) e.g. a threaded sleeve adjustable on a thread for supporting the compression spring (41) is arranged on the telescopic tube arrangement for adjusting the spring force of the compression spring (41). 10. Support device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device (42) is provided with a compensating device (47) for regulating a spring length (54). 11. Support device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control device (47) has a pressure sensor (50) for detecting a spring force of the compression spring (41) and one with a drive for the compensation device (47) for regulating the spring length (54 ) has line-connected control device (55). 12. Support device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive of the compensating device (52) is formed by a worm or spindle drive (51) etc. 13. Support device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting drive (24) is line-connected to a control device (59) and the control device (59) has a data memory (60) and / or computer (61) and from measurement data of axle loads of the motor vehicle (1) accordingly Data regulates an actuating force of the adjusting drive (24) for a predetermined supporting force of the supporting device (19) as a function of the data and the kinematic conditions present through a supporting height (57). 14. Support device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized gekennzeiclmet that the support device (17) forms a modular unit and via fasteners with the chassis frame (9) in particular on chassis longitudinal members (16) can be attached as needed.