WO2004110264A1 - 肌の評価方法および画像のシミュレーション方法 - Google Patents
肌の評価方法および画像のシミュレーション方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004110264A1 WO2004110264A1 PCT/JP2003/015775 JP0315775W WO2004110264A1 WO 2004110264 A1 WO2004110264 A1 WO 2004110264A1 JP 0315775 W JP0315775 W JP 0315775W WO 2004110264 A1 WO2004110264 A1 WO 2004110264A1
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- skin
- reflected light
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
- A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
- A61B5/442—Evaluating skin mechanical properties, e.g. elasticity, hardness, texture, wrinkle assessment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7253—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms
- A61B5/726—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms using Wavelet transforms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a skin evaluation method using image analysis, and more particularly, to a skin evaluation method capable of objectively evaluating the gloss and beauty of skin and two digital images captured under specific conditions.
- the present invention relates to a simulation method capable of obtaining various simulation images having different textures from images using image analysis. Background art
- the beauty of the skin has been evaluated by visually performing a sensory evaluation, for example, by a pairwise comparison, but in this case, an object to be compared is essential.
- Gloss on the skin's surface is also a very important factor in expressing the skin's health, beauty, or finish after makeup.
- Providing the appropriate gloss to the skin is one of the important purposes of basic cosmetics or makeup cosmetics. In order to develop cosmetics with such an effect, it is necessary to objectively measure what kind of skin gloss the “gloss of the skin” refers to.
- the gloss of the skin is affected by sebum, a cosmetic film, and the shape of the skin surface, etc. It is problematic to evaluate skin gloss with only one-dimensional values such as gloss.
- the health of the skin such as the face, its beauty, and the finished condition after makeup are of great interest to many women, so by improving their own health, for example, rough skin, or I want to know in detail how the use of cosmetics can change the appearance of my entire skin, but this will actually improve the health of my skin and actually use cosmetics. If you don't do that, you won't know.
- the inventors of the present invention have made intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and have found that a preferable skin gloss is determined by physical gloss and skin texture. Then, the “apparent roughness” representing the gloss and the texture can be obtained from a single digital color image by image analysis, and this can be used to objectively show the luster of hunger. The present invention has been completed.
- the value of the dispersion of the specular reflected light component showing the shape and texture, particularly the high frequency component showing the fine shape (texture) of the surface is the skin value. It has been found that there is a high correlation between the result of a sensory test visually performed on the beauty of the skin and that this correlation can be used to objectively evaluate the beauty of the skin without any comparison. Was completed.
- an internal reflection indicating an external color component is obtained.
- Light component and specular reflection showing shape and texture They found that the light components could be separated, recombined them after performing various operations such as multi-resolution analysis, and then combined them with the internally reflected light components, without changing the color or shape of the image at all.
- the present inventors have found that a simulation image in which only the texture of an object is changed can be obtained, and completed the present invention.
- the first object of the present invention is to provide the following steps (A 1) to (A5),
- the data of the specular reflected light component is subjected to multi-resolution analysis, separated into data for each of a plurality of different frequency components, and a plurality of data of a medium frequency component representing the texture of the skin is extracted from this data. Selecting, synthesizing the selected data into reconstructed image data, squaring the data of each pixel component of the reconstructed image data, calculating the average value, and setting the apparent roughness of the skin surface;
- the second object of the present invention is to provide the following steps (B 1) to (B 7),
- (B 1) a step of imaging the target skin under polarized illumination to obtain digital image data;
- (B 2) a polarized filter having a plane of polarization orthogonal to the plane of polarization of the polarized illumination under polarized illumination To obtain digital image data by imaging the same target skin
- (B3) a step of extracting specular reflected light component data from the digital image data obtained in the steps ( ⁇ ) and ( ⁇ 2),
- Step ( ⁇ 4) Step of subjecting the data of the specular reflected light component extracted in the step ( ⁇ 3) to multi-resolution analysis, separating it into data of a plurality of different frequency components, and selecting a plurality of high-frequency component data;
- a third object of the present invention is to provide the following steps (C1) to (C7),
- (C 1) a step of imaging the object under polarized illumination to obtain digital image data
- (C2) Under polarized illumination, a polarizing filter having a polarization plane orthogonal to the polarization plane of the polarized illumination. The same object to obtain digital image data.
- (C3) a step of extracting specular reflected light component data and internally reflected light component data from the digital image data obtained in the steps (C1) and (C2);
- (C4) a step of subjecting the data of the specular reflected light component extracted in the step (C3) to multi-resolution analysis to separate the data into a plurality of different frequency component data;
- (C7) A step of combining the reconstructed image data obtained in (C6) and the internally reflected light component data obtained in (C3) to obtain a simulation image of the object
- FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the procedure of wavelet transform and inverse wavelet transform.
- Figure 2 is a drawing (photograph) showing an example of a sample image used for the analysis.
- Figure 3 is a drawing (photograph) of the data of the specular reflected light intensity obtained from the sample image.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which a change in brightness on a straight line on an image is analyzed by multi-resolution.
- Figure 5 is a drawing (photograph) of multi-resolution analysis of specular reflected light intensity data.
- Figure 6 is a drawing (photograph) of the reconstructed data.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing a correlation between the apparent roughness of the skin surface and the psychological glossiness based on the sensory evaluation.
- Figure 8 is a drawing that expresses the gloss of the skin by physical gloss and apparent roughness.
- Figure 9 is a drawing (photograph) of a sample image reconstructed using only specular reflected light components.
- Figure 10 shows a multi-resolution analysis of the change in brightness on a straight line on the sample image. It is a drawing showing the situation.
- Figure 11 is a drawing (photograph) showing the specular reflected light data separated into eight by multi-resolution analysis.
- FIG. 12 is a drawing (photograph) showing the face of the panelist of Example 5.
- FIG. 13 is a drawing showing the correlation between the “average variance value” of Example 5 and skin beauty.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a change operation on the specular reflected light data separated into eight pieces.
- Figure 15 is a drawing (photograph) showing each image obtained by reconstructing the specular reflected light data after the change and combining it with the internal reflected light component.
- This imaging can be performed using a general digital camera, and there is no particular limitation on the number of pixels or the like as long as digital image data can be obtained in the form of RGB values or the like.
- the method for evaluating the gloss of the skin including the steps (A 1) to (A 5) (hereinafter referred to as “first invention”) is carried out according to the following principle.
- specular reflected light components and internal reflected light components are present in the digital image data obtained by imaging with a digital camera as described above.
- the color of the specular reflected light is the same as the light source color.
- the color of the internally reflected light is said to be a color unique to the object. This phenomenon is called a two-color reflection model, but in the present invention, this model is used.
- the data of the specular reflected light component of each pixel is extracted from the digital image data.
- the measured value i (R, G, B) of each pixel which is the pixel data of the digital image, is represented by the skin color unit vector k B (B r, B g, B b) and the light source color Using the unit vector kS (Sr, Sg, Sb), it can be expressed as the following equation (1).
- k B the specular reflected light intensity
- i B the internally reflected light intensity
- I is an n ⁇ 3 matrix
- I SB is an n ⁇ 2 matrix
- K SB is a 2 ⁇ 3 matrix. Since K SB is not a square matrix, I SB is not uniquely determined. Therefore, the reflected light intensity matrix I SB is estimated by Equation (3) using the Moor-Penrose type general inverse matrix K SB +.
- the data of the separated specular reflected light component includes the face skeleton, flesh, and pores. This includes the effects of surface shapes such as wrinkles and fine lines, and the effects of sebum distributed on the surface.
- specular reflected light component data is considered to be a combination of variable components at various scales. From these fluctuating components, components derived from minute shapes on the skin surface, such as pores and fine lines, which are thought to have various effects on the texture, are separated.
- FIG. 1 shows the procedure of the wavelet transform and the inverse wavelet transform at a small level for explanation.
- three high-frequency image data and one low-frequency image data are obtained from the original image data by wavelet transform, and three of these high-frequency image data are inversely transformed by a wavelet transform.
- Image data highest frequency data
- the low-frequency image obtained above is again subjected to wavelet transformation to obtain three new high-frequency images and one new low-frequency image.
- Three of these high-frequency images are inversely transformed twice by an applet to obtain level 2 image data (data of the second highest frequency).
- the above low-frequency image is subjected to wavelet transform, and the obtained three
- the high-frequency image is wavelet-inverted three times to obtain level 3 image data (third highest frequency data).
- the low-frequency image data obtained as a result of the third wavelet transform is inversely wavelet-transformed three times to obtain level 3F image data.
- the wavelet transform and the inverse wavelet transform are easily performed, for example, based on the method described in the reference document (“Basic and applied wavelet transforms: Learning at Mathemat i ca J, Choko Saito, Asakura Shoten”). be able to.
- the expression may be plotted on the XY plane, or the numerical value may be substituted into a certain equation, for example, calculated as a skin gloss index or the like. You may make it.
- (A1) a step of capturing the subject's skin to obtain digital image data
- Specularly reflected light component data is subjected to multi-resolution analysis, separated into data for each of a plurality of different frequency components, and from this data, a plurality of data of medium frequency components that express skin texture , Combining the selected data into reconstructed image data, squaring the data of each pixel component of the reconstructed image data, finding the average value, and setting the apparent roughness of the skin surface,
- the second invention The method for evaluating skin beauty (hereinafter referred to as “the second invention”) including the steps (B 1) to (B 7) will be described below.
- polarization filter -J a polarizing filter with a polarization plane orthogonal to the polarization plane of the polarized illumination
- those without using the polarizing filter in the step (B1) include a specular reflected light component and an internally reflected light component.
- the digital image data obtained when the polarizing filter of the step (B 2) is used only the internally reflected light component exists.
- the specular reflected light is the same light as the light source, and the internal reflected light is said to be a color unique to the object. This phenomenon is called a two-color reflection model.
- using this model first, the specular reflection component and the internal reflection component of each pixel are separated from the two captured digital image data. Let go.
- the value at the coordinates X, y of the digital image I captured under the polarized light source S is defined as I (x, y).
- the value at the coordinates X, y of the digital image I p taken through the polarizing filter P under the polarized light source S be I p (x, y).
- the measured value I (x, y) of each pixel, which is pixel data of a digital image is calculated based on the internal reflected light unit vector k B (x, y) and the irradiation light unit.
- k B the vector k s
- I (X, y) is (x, y) ks + i B ( x , y) k B x, y, (4) Also, l P (x, y) is expressed by the following equation (5). Since a polarization filter orthogonal to the irradiation of polarized light is used, i s becomes 0, which is eventually expressed as in equation (6).
- I p (x, y) is (x, y) ks + i BP (x, y) k BP , x, y; ( 5 )
- I (x, y) is (x, y) ks + i B (x, y) k B (x, y)
- Equation (8) is a matrix
- I SB (x, y) and K (x, y) are used to express a determinant, the following equation holds.
- I (x, y) I SB (x, y) K (x, y) and, moreover, a Moor—Penrose generalized inverse matrix K (X, y) +
- I SB (x, y) I (x, y) K (x, y) + (9)
- the specular reflected light intensity I s (x, y) is
- the internal reflected light intensity I B ( ⁇ , y) is
- IB ( ⁇ , y) i B (x, y) k BP
- the data of the specular reflected light component for each pixel can be separated from the digital images of the process (B 1) and the process (B 2).
- This process is generally the digital image I and the digital image I B after reading the computer respectively, can be carried out by treating according to the above formula.
- the data of the specular reflected light component obtained in the above step (B3) is separated into data of a plurality of different frequency components by multi-resolution analysis.
- a component indicating the shape and a component indicating the texture are mixed.
- the low frequency component indicating the three-dimensional effect (shape) of the target skin It separates up to high frequency components that show the fine shape (texture) of the skin surface.
- the specular reflection component includes the skeleton of the face, the surface shape such as flesh, pores and fine lines, and the effects of sebum distributed on the surface.
- the image component is divided into an appropriate number between the image component (low frequency component) that represents the three-dimensional effect of the entire face, and the image component (high frequency component) that shows the fine shape of the skin surface such as pores.
- the separation of the fluctuation component is performed by multi-resolution analysis that decomposes the specular reflected light component into a linear combination of other images and examines the features of the original image data. More specifically, an approximation image obtained by approximating the data of the specular reflected light component with a lower frequency function by two-dimensional high-speed wavelet transform, and an error image of a high frequency component which is an error between the original image and the original image. Decompose into Then, the approximate image is further decomposed using the wavelet transform, whereby an image showing high frequency components from low frequency components of the original image can be obtained. Then, the original image can be reconstructed by appropriately combining the images decomposed from the low frequency components into the high frequency components.
- skin beauty Select a plurality of high-frequency component data related to the data.
- the high-frequency component for example, if the specular reflected light component is divided into 8, select 3 or 4 from the higher frequency as the area where the surface shape such as pores and fine lines can be reconstructed. I just need to.
- the high-frequency components selected in this way can be reconstructed image data by combining them.
- a variance value is calculated for all the pixel values of the reconstructed image data.
- the value of this variance can be obtained by a well-known method.
- this value is substituted into a relational expression between the skin beauty rank and the average variance value, which has been experimentally obtained in advance, to obtain the skin beauty of the subject. It is possible to evaluate the quality.
- the third invention it is necessary to first capture an object under polarized illumination and obtain digital image data, as in the second invention.
- the imaging and used equipment are the same as in the second invention.
- polarization filter that has a polarization plane perpendicular to the polarization plane of the polarized light
- those without using the polarizing filter in the step (C 1) include a specular reflected light component and an internally reflected light component.
- the specular reflected light is the same light as the light source It is said that the internally reflected light has a unique color to the object. This phenomenon is called a two-color reflection model.
- using this model first, the specular reflection component and the internal reflection component of each pixel are separated from the two captured digital image data.
- the data of the specular reflected light component for each pixel can be separated from the digital images of the process (C 1) and the process (C 2).
- This process is generally the digital image I and the digital image I B after reading the computer respectively, can be carried out by treating according to the equation.
- the data of the specular reflected light component obtained in the above step (C3) is divided into a plurality of different frequency components by multi-resolution analysis, and each data is obtained.
- the data of the separated specular reflected light component is converted into an appropriate number from low-frequency components that indicate the overall three-dimensional appearance (shape) of the target (for example, skin) to high-frequency components that indicate the fine shape (texture) of the target surface.
- the separation method for separating the high-frequency components from the separated low-frequency components and the method for reconstructing the images, etc., are the same as those described in the second aspect of the invention.
- the feature of the third invention of the present invention is that the data of a plurality of different frequency components separated as described above is obtained for some of them according to the purpose of the simulation as in the step (C5).
- the point is that the data is changed to change the image.
- the data can be changed by applying a certain number to emphasize the frequency component, or by dividing the data by a certain number to weaken the frequency component.
- the frequency component data subjected to the change operation is combined with the frequency component not subjected to the change operation to obtain reconstructed image data.
- This reconstructed image is basically an image of the specular reflected light component of the object, but a part of the image has been corrected. For example, when using a frequency component obtained by dividing high-frequency component data by a certain number for a face image, the shape of the face etc. is the same as the image due to the specular reflected light component, but the fineness of the skin surface A soft image with less unevenness.
- the reconstructed image data thus obtained is further combined with the digital image data (internal reflected light component) obtained in the step (C 3) to become a simulation image including color information. Since the simulated image is obtained by changing some frequency components of the original digital image, these frequency components are emphasized or attenuated.
- the first invention of the present invention is characterized in that the concept of “apparent roughness of the skin surface” is introduced as a value indicating a texture in evaluation of skin gloss in addition to gloss. Because of this concept, according to the first invention, even if the skin is the same when the gloss is measured, there are cases where there is “tekari” or “fat float” etc. It is possible to distinguish between shiny and shiny skin conditions.
- the second invention of the present invention is to extract a specular reflected light component contained in the images from the two kinds of captured images, select high-frequency components among them, and calculate an average value of a variance of data obtained by combining these components. It is to evaluate the beauty of the subject's skin. And, in the second invention, since an arbitrary element is not included in the period from imaging to evaluation, objective evaluation of skin beauty can be performed.
- the third invention of the present invention can separate components contained in an image from two types of captured images and enhance or attenuate those components, so that various simulation images can be easily obtained. it can.
- Example 1
- Figure 2 shows one of the sample images used for the analysis.
- Fig. 3 shows an image of the specular reflected light intensity data obtained from Fig. 2. In the image in Fig. 3, the shadow reflecting the shape of the skin surface is emphasized, and it can be seen that the texture information is not impaired even after this analysis.
- a multi-resolution analysis was performed using wavelet transform and inverse wavelet transform in order to separate a component representing a texture from the data of the specular reflected light intensity.
- Figure 4 shows the state of multi-resolution analysis of the change in brightness on a straight line on the image
- Fig. 5 shows the image of data obtained by multi-resolution analysis of specular reflected light intensity data up to level 8.
- Level 8F is an approximate image that approximates Figure 3 with a low-frequency function.
- the images at levels 1 to 8 are error images representing error components between the approximate image and the specular reflected light image in FIG.
- Level 1 shows the error image of the highest frequency component, and as the level increases, the error image of the low frequency component is shown. By summing up the images at all levels, the specular image shown in Fig. 3 can be reconstructed.
- Example 1 Six sample images used in Example 1 were viewed by a panel of six persons, and the psychological glossiness was quantified by a modified Nakaya method of paired comparison. A, B, C, D, E, and F were assigned in descending order of the psychological glossiness.
- Example 3 From this, it was found that the value of “appearance roughness J” found in Example 1 can be used as a reflection of psychological glossiness.
- a digital camera was used to photograph the entire face of the human and converted to image data (512 x 512 pixels, 24-bit full color).
- FIG. 9 shows a diagram in which only the specular reflected light component is reconstructed from the reflected light intensity matrix.
- x and y indicate the coordinates of the image I.
- the shadow reflecting the shape of the face is emphasized, and it can be seen that the texture information is not lost.
- a multi-resolution analysis was performed by repeating the wavelet transform and the inverse wavelet transform from the data of the specular reflected light intensity.
- Fig. 10 shows the situation of multi-resolution analysis of the change in brightness on a straight line of the image
- Fig. 11 shows an image of specular reflected light data obtained by multi-resolution analysis up to level 8.
- Level 8F is an approximation of Figure 2 with only the lowest frequency function.
- Levels 1 through 8 are error images that show the error components between the approximate image and the specular reflected light image in Figure 9.
- Level 1 shows the error image of the highest frequency component, and the higher the level, the lower the frequency component error image.
- Example 6 From this, it was found that the value of the “average variance” obtained in Example 4 can be used as a reflection of skin beauty. Therefore, by calculating this “average variance value”, it is possible to grasp the relative beauty of the skin without setting a contrast.
- Example 6
- Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 4, the entire face of the human was imaged under polarized illumination in the case where no filter was used and in the case where a filter having a polarization plane orthogonal to the polarization plane was applied.
- multi-resolution analysis was performed by repeating the wavelet transform and the inverse wavelet transform in the same manner as in Example 4 from the data of the above-mentioned specular reflected light intensity, and components representing the texture were separated.
- Level 8F is an approximation of Figure 9 using only the lowest frequency function.
- Levels 1 through 8 are error images that show the error components between the approximate image and the specular reflected light image in Figure 9. .
- Level 1 shows the error image of the highest frequency component, and as the level increases, the error image of the low frequency component shows.
- the level is divided into levels 1 to 4 (high frequency components), which clearly show fine features such as pores and acne on the face surface, and levels 5 to 8 (low frequency components).
- levels 1 to 4 high frequency components
- levels 5 to 8 low frequency components
- the first invention of the present invention is capable of clearly expressing the previously unclear skin gloss with the quantity and quality of gloss, and is useful in evaluating the effect of giving skin gloss. It is. Therefore, it can be used advantageously in the development of new skin cosmetics.
- the beauty of the skin which has been vague so far, can be clearly expressed by numerical values, and is useful in evaluating the beauty of the skin. It can be used advantageously in the development of new skin cosmetics.
- the present invention makes it possible to easily evaluate the glossiness and beauty of a customer's skin by using a digital camera or the like on which a polarizing light source and a polarizing filter can be mounted and a computer incorporating a predetermined calculation or analysis formula. It is also possible to simulate the condition of the face after the skin condition of the subject has been improved or after makeup, so that it can be used to promote cosmetics at cosmetics counters such as devices, cosmetic stores, pharmacies, and the like.
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Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003289004A AU2003289004A1 (en) | 2003-06-11 | 2003-12-10 | Skin evaluation method and image simulation method |
| US10/560,136 US7336810B2 (en) | 2003-06-11 | 2003-12-10 | Skin evaluation method and image simulation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003-167040 | 2003-06-11 | ||
| JP2003167040A JP4347615B2 (ja) | 2003-06-11 | 2003-06-11 | 画像のシミュレーション方法 |
| JP2003-167957 | 2003-06-12 | ||
| JP2003167957A JP2005000429A (ja) | 2003-06-12 | 2003-06-12 | 肌の美しさの評価方法 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004110264A1 true WO2004110264A1 (ja) | 2004-12-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2003/015775 Ceased WO2004110264A1 (ja) | 2003-06-11 | 2003-12-10 | 肌の評価方法および画像のシミュレーション方法 |
Country Status (4)
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US7336810B2 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2003289004A1 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW200428231A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004110264A1 (ja) |
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| CN106815557A (zh) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-06-09 | 北京奇虎科技有限公司 | 一种人脸面部特征的评价方法、装置以及移动终端 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7336810B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 |
| TW200428231A (en) | 2004-12-16 |
| AU2003289004A1 (en) | 2005-01-04 |
| US20070092160A1 (en) | 2007-04-26 |
| TWI328173B (ja) | 2010-08-01 |
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