WO2004028732A1 - 接合方法および装置 - Google Patents
接合方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004028732A1 WO2004028732A1 PCT/JP2003/012144 JP0312144W WO2004028732A1 WO 2004028732 A1 WO2004028732 A1 WO 2004028732A1 JP 0312144 W JP0312144 W JP 0312144W WO 2004028732 A1 WO2004028732 A1 WO 2004028732A1
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- joining
- bonding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
- H01L24/81—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a bump connector
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/74—Apparatus for manufacturing arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and for methods related thereto
- H01L2224/75—Apparatus for connecting with bump connectors or layer connectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/74—Apparatus for manufacturing arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and for methods related thereto
- H01L2224/75—Apparatus for connecting with bump connectors or layer connectors
- H01L2224/7525—Means for applying energy, e.g. heating means
- H01L2224/75252—Means for applying energy, e.g. heating means in the upper part of the bonding apparatus, e.g. in the bonding head
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
- H01L2224/81—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a bump connector
- H01L2224/818—Bonding techniques
- H01L2224/81801—Soldering or alloying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
- H01L2924/01013—Aluminum [Al]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
- H01L2924/01029—Copper [Cu]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
- H01L2924/01079—Gold [Au]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a joining method and an apparatus for joining objects to be joined having a metal joint on the surface of a substrate, such as a chip, a wafer, and various circuit boards.
- a joining method using ultrasonic waves is conventionally known.
- the oxide film, organic material layer, or contamination layer formed on the surface of the bonding surface is relatively thick or strongly adhered, it can be sufficiently applied by applying ultrasonic waves.
- the ultrasonic wave is increased in intensity (for example, the amplitude is increased) or applied for a long time in order to forcibly join the chip, the chip as the object to be bonded or the chip formed on the chip is formed.
- Damage to the bumps may result, greatly reducing the reliability of the bonded product.
- long-time application is not preferable because it causes an increase in the tact time of the junction. Therefore, in the conventional method, it is difficult and undesired to increase the intensity of the ultrasonic wave and the application time. However, if the intensity is low and the application time is short, the ultrasonic bonding with high reliability is performed. I can't do it.
- Japanese Patent No. 2791429 discloses a method for bonding the bonding surfaces of one silicon wafer.
- a silicon wafer-to-silicon bonding method is disclosed in which an inert gas ion beam or an inert gas fast atom beam is irradiated in a vacuum at room temperature and sputter-etched.
- oxides, organic substances, etc. on the bonding surface of the silicon wafer are blown by the above-mentioned beam to form a surface with activated atoms, and the surfaces are bonded by a high bonding force between the atoms. Joined. Therefore, this method basically eliminates the need for heating for bonding, and enables bonding at room temperature or a lower temperature by simply bringing the activated surfaces into contact with each other.
- the bonding between the etched bonding surfaces is performed in a vacuum. It must be performed while maintaining the state of surface activation. For this reason, a predetermined vacuum state must be maintained from the surface cleaning by the beam to the bonding, and at least a part of the bonding mechanism is configured in a chamber capable of holding a predetermined degree of vacuum. Therefore, the size of the sealing mechanism becomes large, and the entire apparatus becomes large and expensive. Further, if these are to be performed at different locations in order to separate the steps of surface cleaning and bonding by the beam, if a predetermined vacuum state is maintained between the two locations, or the workpiece is maintained while maintaining the vacuum state.
- a means for transporting from the cleaning location to the joining location is required, making practical equipment design difficult and further increasing the overall size of the equipment.
- a high pressing force of about 300 MPa is required in order to crush unevenness of the bonding surface and obtain a good bonding area, and a bump on the semiconductor circuit is required.
- Compound semiconductors such as semiconductors and optical devices may be damaged.
- the metal bonding part of the workpiece is The possibility of joining together in the air. If bonding in the air becomes possible after surface activation, the bonding process and equipment can be greatly simplified as compared with bonding in the air or the like.
- the present inventors focused on the bonding technique by surface activation as described above, which has been recently studied, while considering the above-described problems in the conventional ultrasonic bonding, and as a result of conducting intensive studies and tests, It has been found that a problem in the conventional ultrasonic bonding can be solved by properly combining the heating and the heating, and the present invention has been completed in which metal bonding can be performed at a temperature lower than the conventional solder melting point.
- an object of the present invention is to reduce the intensity of ultrasonic waves and to shorten the application time, to perform desired ultrasonic bonding without damaging the object to be bonded or the bonded portion, and to reduce the bonding time. It is an object of the present invention to provide a bonding method and apparatus using ultrasonic waves which can reduce the length of ultrasonic energy required for bonding, can reduce the capacity of ultrasonic energy required for bonding, and can reduce the size and cost of the entire apparatus. . In addition, the table It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus which can perform bonding at a low pressure without applying a risk of damaging a bump or the like by applying ultrasonic waves even in low-temperature bonding by surface activation.
- a joining method provides a method for joining objects having a metal joint on a surface of a base material, by using an energy wave on the surface of the metal joint of both objects. After cleaning, the method is characterized in that the metal joints are ultrasonically joined together in the air. Cleaning of the metal joint surface with energy waves can be performed under atmospheric pressure, or under reduced pressure.
- the conditions for applying ultrasonic waves for bonding are preferably optimized as follows in order to suppress damage (particularly, cracks) to the metal bonding part. That is, the amplitude of the applied ultrasonic wave is set to less than 3 / m. It is more preferably 2 m or less, and further preferably 1 m or less.
- the decrease in the bonding performance due to the decrease in the intensity of the applied ultrasonic wave by reducing the amplitude of the ultrasonic wave as described above can be compensated for by increasing the frequency of the applied ultrasonic wave.
- the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is preferably 40 kHz or more, and more preferably 60 kHz or more.
- the application of ultrasonic waves makes it possible to significantly reduce the bonding load compared to conventional low-temperature pressure bonding by surface activation.
- the joining load is preferably set to 150 MPa or less.
- plasma As an energy wave used for cleaning the surface of the metal joint, plasma is preferable, and in particular, plasma in an Ar gas atmosphere is preferable.
- the above-mentioned bonding can be performed at room temperature.However, by using heating together, the diffusion of particles is promoted, so that the unevenness of the bonding interface can be more easily crushed and flattened, and a good bonding state can be obtained. become.
- the heating temperature may be 180 ° C. or less, preferably less than 150 ° C.
- the conventional general low-temperature metal bonding is a solder bonding, and the melting point of the hang is about 18 ° C., so the lower-temperature bonding, that is, 180 ° C. or less, preferably 150 ° C. This enables joining at a temperature lower than ° C.
- the entire surface to be joined of the metal joint is 1 nm or less. It is preferable to etch to an upper depth. By irradiating energy waves that can be etched to such a depth or more, it becomes possible to obtain surface properties necessary for joining metal joints in the air.
- the ultrasonic joining according to the present invention is particularly suitable for joining metal joints whose surfaces are formed of any one of Au, Cu, Al, In, and Sn.
- the same kind of metal of Au, Cu, Al, In, Sn, or any two kinds of dissimilar metals, or One can be A u and the other can be any of Cu, A 1, In, and Sn.
- joining Au the joining can be surely performed even at room temperature.
- joining of Au for example, joining of ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ / Cu, Au / A1, etc.
- joining can be performed at room temperature or at a low temperature close to that.
- the entire electrode or the like forming the metal joint can be made of Au, but only the surface is made of Au. You can also.
- the form for forming the surface with Au is not particularly limited, and a form of Au plating or a form in which an Au thin film is formed by sputtering or vapor deposition may be used.
- the bonding surface is limited to Au, surface activation enables bonding at room temperature even in air, and even if the pressure is reduced to about half by ultrasonic application under bonding at room temperature, the interface Squeezes the unevenness of the slab to achieve good bonding. Conventionally, a pressure of about 300 MPa was required, but by applying ultrasonic waves after surface activation, the pressure can be reduced to about 150 MPa.
- the variation in the gap between the metal joints is 4 ⁇ m or less at the maximum. If the variation of the gap is 4 / m or less, an appropriate joint load, for example, a joint load of about 300 MPa (preferably, 150 MPa or less) is used for joining metal joints. It is possible to suppress the variation of the gap required for the following. Further, it is preferable to adjust the parallelism between the objects to be joined to within 4 m when joining the metal joints. Such parallelism adjustment makes it possible to reduce the above-mentioned variation in the gap, and allows the metal joints to come into more close surface contact with each other, thereby making it easier to perform low-temperature joining.
- At least the surface roughness (particularly surface undulation) of at least one metal joint before joining should be 300 nm or less so that the surfaces can be in good contact with each other. Is preferred. With such a surface roughness, closer bonding can be achieved.
- the surface roughness of the metal joint after joining is 10 nm or less.
- the interface after bonding is crushed to a surface roughness of 10 nm or less, the bonding area is increased, resulting in a low resistance and good bonding strength.
- the surface hardness of at least one of the metal joints may be reduced to 120 or less in picker hardness H, and more preferably, reduced to 100 or less by annealing.
- the surface hardness Hv is preferably in the range of 30 to 70 (for example, the average ⁇ V is 50). With such a low hardness, the surface of the metal joint is appropriately deformed when a joining load is applied, so that a more intimate joint is possible.
- a joining apparatus is an apparatus for joining objects to be joined having a metal joint on a surface of a base material, and a cleaning unit for irradiating an energy wave to the surface of the metal joint of each article to be joined. And a joining means for ultrasonically joining the metal joints of the objects taken out from the means in the air.
- the cleaning means may be configured to irradiate an energy wave to the surface of the metal joint under atmospheric pressure, or to irradiate the energy wave to the surface of the metal joint under reduced pressure.
- Means can also be constituted.
- the above-mentioned bonding means should have an amplitude of less than 3 / zm, preferably 2 // m or less, and more preferably It is preferable to use a means capable of applying an ultrasonic wave of 1 / m or less.
- the joining means is constituted by means capable of applying an ultrasonic wave having a frequency of 40 kHz or more, preferably 60 kHz or more, the energy can be increased even if the amplitude is reduced. It is preferable that it is comprised as follows. Further, it is preferable that the joining means is a means capable of joining with a joining load of 150 MPa or less.
- the cleaning unit is a plasma irradiation unit, and it is particularly preferable that the cleaning unit is an Ar plasma irradiation unit.
- the joining means has a heating means and is configured to be capable of ultrasonically joining the metal joints at a temperature of 180 ° C. or less, preferably less than 150 ° C. lower than the solder melting point. Is preferred.
- the above-mentioned cleaning means can perform etching to a depth of 1 nm or more on the entire surface to be joined of the metal joint in order to perform surface etching necessary for joining metal joints in the air. It is preferable to include a means for irradiating an energy wave with a high energy or more.
- the combination of the surface metal types of the two metal joints to be combined is, as described above, any one of the same metal of Au, Cu, Al, In, and Sn, or any two of them. Or a combination in which one is Au and the other is one of Cu, Al, In, and Sn. Above all, when Au is combined, bonding becomes the easiest.
- the above-mentioned joining means is provided with means for reducing a variation of a gap at the time of joining between metal joints to a maximum of 4 ⁇ m or less. Further, it is preferable that the joining means includes means for adjusting the parallelism between the objects to be joined at the time of joining the metal joints to within 4 / m.
- the surface roughness of at least one of the metal joints before joining is 300 nm or less. It is also desirable that the surface roughness of at least one of the metal joints after joining is 10 nm or less. Further, it is desirable that at least one metal joint has a surface hardness of 120 or less, more preferably 100 or less, in Vickers hardness HV.
- the present invention also provides a joined body produced by the joining method as described above.
- the joined body according to the present invention is a joined body of objects to be joined having a metal joint on the surface of the base material, and the surfaces of the metal joints of both the objects are cleaned by energy waves. After that, the metal joints are ultrasonically joined to each other in the air, and are produced.
- At least one of the joined objects can be made of a semiconductor.
- the surface of the metal bonding portion of the workpiece is irradiated with an energy wave under reduced pressure or atmospheric pressure, and the surface is etched.
- the metal joints cleaned and activated by the metal bonding are ultrasonically bonded in the air. Since the oxide film, organic layer, and contamination layer on the surface are removed by energy wave irradiation beforehand, desired bonding can be performed in a short time with low-intensity ultrasonic waves. Therefore, it is possible to perform good ultrasonic bonding without damaging the workpieces and the joints, and shorten the time required for ultrasonic bonding to shorten the tact time of the entire bonding process. Becomes possible.
- the whole apparatus can be reduced in size and cost. Furthermore, since joining in the atmosphere is possible, a large-scale vacuum device and a sealing device therefor are not required for joining. From this aspect, the entire process and the entire device are greatly simplified, and It will also allow for downtime. Furthermore, since bonding can be performed at a low temperature, particularly at or near normal temperature, the load on the heating device can be reduced.
- the oxide film, organic layer, and contamination layer on the surface are removed in advance by irradiation with energy waves, which enables the joining of dissimilar metals, which could not be done conventionally, for example, the ultrasonic joining of gold / copper / gold / aluminum. This greatly expands the scope of ultrasonic bonding.
- the bonding load can be significantly reduced even at room temperature bonding.
- the bonding surface is Au
- surface activation enables bonding at room temperature even in air, and in this bonding at room temperature, even if the pressure is reduced to about half by applying ultrasonic waves, the unevenness of the interface And a good joining is possible.
- bonding conditions are greatly reduced by a combination of cleaning by irradiation of energy waves in advance and ultrasonic bonding.
- ultrasonic bonding it was necessary to apply ultrasonic waves with an amplitude of 3 ⁇ m or more, but if the amplitude is 3 // in or more, the contribution to the bonding will be large, but there is a risk of damage.
- the amplitude of the contamination layer can be reduced because the contaminant layer is extremely thin due to the activation of the bonding surface by the energy wave cleaning. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate damage (for example, crack generation) due to application of ultrasonic waves.
- the ultrasonic intensity may decrease due to the decrease in amplitude, and the contribution to joining may decrease accordingly. Even if the amplitude is reduced to reduce the leakage, sufficient contribution to the junction is maintained by increasing the frequency, especially by increasing the frequency to 40 kHz or more, preferably 60 kHz or more. It is possible to do.
- the bonding mechanism is considered to be such that the metal itself expands and contracts repeatedly due to the high-frequency vibration, so that it is possible to almost eliminate the need to increase the amplitude.
- desired ultrasonic bonding can be performed without causing damage, and the ultrasonic bonding time can be shortened, and the tact time of the entire bonding process can be shortened.
- pre-energy wave cleaning makes it possible to greatly reduce the intensity of applied ultrasonic waves, and by optimizing the application conditions, damage is caused even on objects that are easily damaged. Without joining, it is possible to join well with high production efficiency.
- the application of ultrasonic waves makes it possible to greatly reduce the bonding load, and it is possible to use compound semiconductors such as bumps and optical elements on semiconductor circuits. Joining is possible even for those that cannot apply a large load.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a joining device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 shows the relationship between the thermal shock test cycle and the yield rate.
- Figure 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the ultrasonic amplitude and the shear strength in the model test.
- Figure 4 shows the relationship between ultrasonic amplitude and shear strength (relative value) in another model test.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the bonding load and the amount of bump crush in the model test.
- Figure 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the frequency and the non-defective product ratio (relative value) in the ultrasonic test with an amplitude of 1 / zm.
- FIG. 1 shows a joining apparatus 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- a workpiece 4 or 5 having a metal joint 2 or 3 on the surface of a base material is firstly cleaned as a means for cleaning by an energy wave in a chamber 7 evacuated by a vacuum pump 6 to a predetermined degree of vacuum.
- the surfaces of the metal joints 2 and 3 are cleaned by etching with the plasma 9 irradiated from the plasma irradiation means 8 (cleaning step).
- the Ar gas can be supplied into the chamber 7 by the pump 10, so that plasma irradiation can be performed in an Ar gas atmosphere and under a predetermined reduced pressure.
- plasma irradiation is performed under a predetermined reduced pressure in this embodiment, plasma irradiation may be performed under atmospheric pressure.
- the cleaned workpieces 4 and 5 are taken out of the chamber 7, and the metal bonding sections 2 and 3 are ultrasonically bonded to each other in the air in a bonding process (a bonding apparatus section 11).
- the article 4 is made of, for example, a chip
- the article 5 is made of, for example, a substrate.
- the chip refers to all forms on the side to be bonded to the substrate regardless of the type or size, such as an IC chip, a semiconductor chip, an optical element, a surface mount component, and a wafer.
- bumps are formed on the article 4 as the metal joints 2.
- substrate refers to, for example, a resin substrate, a glass substrate, a film substrate, a chip, a wafer, or any other form of the side to be bonded to the chip regardless of the type or size.
- a typical embodiment of the present invention is an embodiment in which at least one of the objects to be joined is made of a semiconductor.
- the cleaned articles 4 and 5 are transported by a suitable transporting means from the cleaning means having the chamber 7 to the bonding means in the bonding apparatus 11.
- the above-mentioned cleaned articles 4 and 5 are placed in a predetermined standby section 12.
- the workpiece 4 is held on the head 14 of the reversing mechanism 13 by suction or the like so as not to touch the cleaning surface, is turned upside down, and is installed under the bonding head 15.
- the metal bonding portion 2 is held by suction or the like in the form in which the metal bonding portion 2 faces downward on the bonded bonding tool 16.
- the article 5 is transferred from the standby section 12, and is held on the bonding stage 17, for example, by suction or the like with the metal joined section 3 facing upward.
- the bonding tool 16 is used as a heating means. All heaters 18 are built-in, and it is possible to perform both joining at room temperature and joining under heating in the air.
- the bonding head 15 can press the workpiece 4 downward through the bonding tool 16 to apply and control a predetermined bonding load to the workpiece 5.
- the bonding head 15 can be moved and positioned in a vertical direction (Z direction).
- the bonding head 15 or the bonding tool 16 is provided with an ultrasonic wave applying means 19, and in this embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the object 4 side, particularly to the metal joint 2 thereof. By applying, ultrasonic bonding can be performed with the metal joint 3 of the article 5 to be joined.
- the bonding stage 17 holding the article 5 is provided with a horizontal position control in the X and Y directions, By controlling the rotational direction of the workpiece and the tilt adjustment control around the X-axis and Y-axis, relative positioning and parallelism adjustment with the workpiece 4 can be performed. This also makes it possible to reduce variations in the gap at the time of joining.
- the relative alignment and the parallelism adjustment are performed by the recognition means inserted between the workpieces 4 and 5 so as to be able to move forward and backward, for example, the two-view recognition means 21 (for example, a two-view camera), Alternatively, the recognition is performed by reading recognition marks (not shown) attached to the holding means, and performing necessary corrections of the position and the angle based on the read information.
- the two-field-of-view recognizing means 21 can adjust the position in the X and Y directions, and in some cases in the Z direction.
- the relative positioning and the parallelism adjustment are mainly performed on the bonding stage 17 side, but it is also possible to perform the bonding on the bonding head 15 or the bonding tool 16 side. It is also possible to do it on both sides.
- rotation control and Z or parallel movement control as well as lifting and lowering control are performed for the bonding head 15 side as necessary, and rotation control and parallel control are also performed for the bonding stage 17 side. Movement control and elevation control can be performed, and these control forms can be arbitrarily combined as needed.
- the joining method according to the present invention using the above-described joining apparatus is performed as follows. First, in a chamber 7 having a predetermined degree of vacuum, a metal bonding portion 2 (for example, a bump) of a chip 4 as a workpiece 4 and a metal bonding portion 3 (for example, a bump) of a substrate 5 as a workpiece 5
- the electrodes are cleaned by Ar plasma and the surface is activated.
- the plasma irradiation intensity and time are set so that the entire surface where the metal joint is bonded can be etched by 1 nm or more. It is preferable to set. As an example, this is a level at which Ar plasma is irradiated for 5 seconds by a plasma cleaning means of 100 V and 50 W.
- the chip 4 and the substrate 5 whose surfaces have been cleaned are temporarily placed on the standby unit 12, and the chip 4 is turned upside down to the bonding tool 16, and the substrate 5 is not turned upside down to the bonding stage 17, respectively. Will be retained.
- the chip 4 and the substrate 5 held opposite to each other are aligned so as to be within a predetermined accuracy based on information read by the two-field recognition means 21 and the parallelism is adjusted so as to be within the predetermined accuracy. Is done.
- the parallelism between the two workpieces should be 4 // m or less, and the variation in the gap between metal joints should be 4 / m or less. It is preferable that the adjustment be made in such a manner.
- the bonding tool 16 is lowered, a predetermined bonding load is applied, heated by a heater 18 as necessary, and utilizing ultrasonic vibration applied by ultrasonic applying means 19.
- the metal joint 2 (bump) of the chip 4 and the metal joint 3 of the substrate 5 are ultrasonically bonded in the air.
- ultrasonic bonding In conventional ultrasonic bonding, as described above, if the oxide film, organic material layer, or contamination layer on the surface of the bonding surface is thick or firmly adhered, ultrasonic bonding could not actually be performed.
- the surface cleaning is performed by an energy wave, and in this embodiment, Ar plasma, and the etching required for the ultrasonic bonding is performed on the bonding surface. Is applied to sufficiently remove or decompose the foreign material layer as described above, and the surface is sufficiently activated, so that the ultrasonic irradiation intensity is lower than before (for example, with a smaller amplitude than before) and Desired ultrasonic bonding can be performed in a shorter time than before.
- the ultrasonic wave application intensity may be small, the ultrasonic energy capacity is reduced, and the ultrasonic wave application means 19 may be small and inexpensive. Therefore, it can contribute to downsizing of the entire device and cost reduction.
- At least one of the metal joints has a surface roughness of 300 nm or less before joining, or at least one of the metal joints has a surface roughness of less than 1 nm. It is effective to set the surface hardness of at least one of the metal joints to a value of 120 or less in terms of a picker hardness HV of 120 or less, or to use heating at the time of joining. By heating, the hardness of the surface can be reduced, and the movement of atoms on the surface at the time of bonding can be activated, so that the desired ultrasonic bonding can be performed more easily.
- the effect of the combined use of heating is great, and both the effect of heating and the effect of energy wave cleaning can be obtained synergistically. Especially when heated to about 150 ° C, a great effect can be obtained.
- the heating temperature is appropriately set at a temperature of, for example, 180 ° C or less, preferably less than 150 ° C, so that a large load is not applied to the device and a problem due to heating does not occur in the metal joint. (For example, as described above, a temperature near 150 ° C. or lower) may be set.
- the desired ultrasonic bonding can be performed with a short application time.
- the bonding method according to the present invention since the energy wave cleaning is performed in advance, not only the bonding of Au Any combination of, for example, Au ZCu Au / A1 ultrasonic bonding is possible, and by using heating as described above, ultrasonic bonding between these dissimilar metals can be performed more easily. Will be possible.
- the metal contact of AuZAu When performing the ultrasonic bonding of the joints, tests were performed for the case where ultrasonic bonding was performed without prior plasma cleaning and the case where ultrasonic bonding was performed after plasma cleaning, while also considering the effect of heating.
- the plasma cleaning is performed with an energy capable of etching the surface of the bump as a metal joint at a depth of 1 nm in one time.
- Ar plasma cleaning is performed for 5 seconds by a plasma means of 100 V and 50 W.
- a thermal shock test was performed to measure the non-defective rate (%) of bump bonding at that time by repeatedly applying temperature fluctuations of between 65 ° C and 150 ° C to the bonded body. . As a result, the characteristics shown in Fig. 2 were obtained.
- the effect of the pre-plasma cleaning may be higher.
- both pre-plasma cleaning and heating are performed, both plasma cleaning once and plasma cleaning twice have achieved extremely high effects. It turns out that it is a form.
- the ultrasonic energy required for bonding is also small, the ultrasonic application time can be shortened, which can contribute to shortening the time required for bonding and also shortening the tact time of the entire bonding process.
- the metal joints are made of Au, there is no oxide film on the surface, and only organic matter is used.
- ultrasonic bonding can be performed by removing organic substances using oxygen plasma of atmospheric pressure plasma means without forcibly etching with reduced pressure plasma.
- Figure 5 shows the measurement results. As shown in Fig. 5, conventional room-temperature bonding requires 300 0 to achieve good bonding (bump crush: 1 // m or more, surface roughness after bonding: 10 nm or less). Although a bonding load of MPa was required, the same result was obtained at 150 MPa, which was half, by applying ultrasonic waves.
- FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the non-defective rate after bonding and the frequency of the applied ultrasonic wave when applying an ultrasonic wave having an amplitude of 1 am in the method according to the present invention.
- the conventional ultrasonic welding required a joint load of 300 MPa or more, but the method according to the present invention required a joint load of 150 MPa. Welding with welding load was successful.
- the bonding apparatus and method according to the present invention can be applied to any ultrasonic bonding between objects to be bonded having a metal bonding portion, and are particularly suitable for ultrasonic bonding when at least one of the objects to be bonded is a semiconductor. is there.
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Wire Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003271061A AU2003271061A1 (en) | 2002-09-25 | 2003-09-24 | Connection method and connection device |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002278646 | 2002-09-25 | ||
| JP2002-278646 | 2002-09-25 | ||
| JP2002-364903 | 2002-12-17 | ||
| JP2002364903 | 2002-12-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004028732A1 true WO2004028732A1 (ja) | 2004-04-08 |
Family
ID=32044605
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2003/012144 Ceased WO2004028732A1 (ja) | 2002-09-25 | 2003-09-24 | 接合方法および装置 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2003271061A1 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW200406875A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004028732A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010522849A (ja) * | 2007-03-13 | 2010-07-08 | エアバス・ユ―ケ―・リミテッド | ジョイントで用いるための構成部材の準備 |
| JP2016201501A (ja) * | 2015-04-14 | 2016-12-01 | 東レエンジニアリング株式会社 | 半導体チップの実装方法および半導体装置 |
| US20210167455A1 (en) * | 2017-01-31 | 2021-06-03 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Battery module and method for manufacturing same |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04196333A (ja) * | 1990-11-28 | 1992-07-16 | Hitachi Ltd | 固相接合方法および装置 |
| JPH0726076U (ja) * | 1993-10-13 | 1995-05-16 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 常温接合装置 |
| WO2000048779A1 (de) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-08-24 | Unaxis Balzers Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von bauteilen, verwendung desselben, luftgelagertes werkstück und vakuumbehandlungskammer |
| US20010013652A1 (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 2001-08-16 | Shigeharu Hino | Semiconductor device free from short-circuit between bump electrodes and separation from circuit board and process of fabrication thereof |
-
2003
- 2003-09-24 TW TW092126309A patent/TW200406875A/zh unknown
- 2003-09-24 WO PCT/JP2003/012144 patent/WO2004028732A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2003-09-24 AU AU2003271061A patent/AU2003271061A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04196333A (ja) * | 1990-11-28 | 1992-07-16 | Hitachi Ltd | 固相接合方法および装置 |
| JPH0726076U (ja) * | 1993-10-13 | 1995-05-16 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 常温接合装置 |
| US20010013652A1 (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 2001-08-16 | Shigeharu Hino | Semiconductor device free from short-circuit between bump electrodes and separation from circuit board and process of fabrication thereof |
| WO2000048779A1 (de) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-08-24 | Unaxis Balzers Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von bauteilen, verwendung desselben, luftgelagertes werkstück und vakuumbehandlungskammer |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010522849A (ja) * | 2007-03-13 | 2010-07-08 | エアバス・ユ―ケ―・リミテッド | ジョイントで用いるための構成部材の準備 |
| JP2016201501A (ja) * | 2015-04-14 | 2016-12-01 | 東レエンジニアリング株式会社 | 半導体チップの実装方法および半導体装置 |
| US20210167455A1 (en) * | 2017-01-31 | 2021-06-03 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Battery module and method for manufacturing same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW200406875A (en) | 2004-05-01 |
| AU2003271061A1 (en) | 2004-04-19 |
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