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WO2004028144A1 - Procede et agencement pour la correction de couleur d'images numeriques - Google Patents

Procede et agencement pour la correction de couleur d'images numeriques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004028144A1
WO2004028144A1 PCT/SE2002/001683 SE0201683W WO2004028144A1 WO 2004028144 A1 WO2004028144 A1 WO 2004028144A1 SE 0201683 W SE0201683 W SE 0201683W WO 2004028144 A1 WO2004028144 A1 WO 2004028144A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
card
colour
image
reference card
predetermined
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE2002/001683
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English (en)
Inventor
Christer Carlson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
QP CARD
Original Assignee
QP CARD
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by QP CARD filed Critical QP CARD
Priority to AU2002341464A priority Critical patent/AU2002341464A1/en
Priority to PCT/SE2002/001683 priority patent/WO2004028144A1/fr
Publication of WO2004028144A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004028144A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
    • H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
    • H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
    • H04N1/603—Colour correction or control controlled by characteristics of the picture signal generator or the picture reproducer
    • H04N1/6033—Colour correction or control controlled by characteristics of the picture signal generator or the picture reproducer using test pattern analysis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for colour correcting digital images, wherein a reference card placed in one such image is used for creating a colour profile that is applied to subsequent images for correction of grey level and colour.
  • Photographs taken using a digital camera will often result in images that require some kind of colour correction.
  • the colours in a digital image can be inaccurate for a number of reasons, such as the colour temperature of the ambient lighting, the white-balance settings in the camera, the use of a flash and the quality of the CCD-element in the camera.
  • Colours may be corrected using an International Color Consortium (ICC) colour profile.
  • ICC International Color Consortium
  • Manufacturers of digital cameras will provide digital cameras with an internal ICC profile to correct known colour deviations caused by the camera itself. It is also possible to make personalised ICC profiles using an imaging program, and apply the profile to your images. Such profiles gives improved colour accuracy, shadow and highlight detail, and contrast.
  • a problem with known reference cards are that they are often too expensive or too large to be practical for non-professional users.
  • the software required to process and colour correct digital images are often very complex and/or to expensive for non-professional users. Examples of known widely available software are Photoshop TM, GretagMacbeth ColorPickerTM, GretagMacbeth ProfileMakerTM and Sinar CaptureShopTM. Making a colour profile using the above cards and imaging programs is often both slow and painstaking, and requires the user to learn how the imaging program works before a satisfactory result can be achieved.
  • the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for colour correcting digital images, wherein a reference card placed in one such image is used for creating a colour profile that is applied to subsequent images for correction of grey level and colour. This is achieved by means of a method according to claim 1 and an arrangement according to claim X, and their respective dependent claims.
  • the method involves a computer controlled method for calibrating and correcting digital images acquired by a digital camera, wherein at least one of a batch of images contains a reference card containing at least three primary colours and at least two grey levels.
  • a reference card containing at least three primary colours and at least two grey levels.
  • the method comprising the steps of;
  • the position of the reference card is indicated using at least one manually indicated position and an automatically detected, distinct reference marker on said reference card.
  • the automatically detected reference marker can be an area of a predetermined colour located at a predetermined position in a colour chart, a printed distinct shape or logotype, or a marker combining shape and colour.
  • the manually indicated positions are used to determine the position of the reference card in the image, while the automatically detected reference marker is used to identify its orientation.
  • the position of the card is indicated using one or two manually indicated positions, then these will have to be predetermined positions on the card.
  • the computer has no information about the distance to the card.
  • one or two predetermined positions and an automatically detected reference marker recognised by the software running on the computer is the minimum information required. Also, in this case the card must be placed substantially parallel to the focal plane of the camera
  • a method that is more error tolerant, and therefore more user friendly uses three or four manually indicated positions on the reference card. By using more than two positions it is possible to determine not only the location of the card in the image, but also its relative size and angle in relative to the focal plane of the camera. If a number of predetermined, manually indicated positions are used then this can be sufficient to determine both location and orientation of the card.
  • any three or four positions may be indicated to determine the location of the card, while an automatically detected reference marker is used to determine the orientation, as described above.
  • the design of the reference card such as shape, number of and relative placing of colours in a pattern or a grid of a colour chart, and relative positioning of the markers for manual indication and automatic detection can be varied freely within the scope of the invention.
  • the software is able to capture data representing each colour in the grid of the colour chart.
  • the data from each colour in said grid in the image can be compared to corresponding reference colours.
  • a first set of calibration data is generated using multiple areas on the reference card having the same grey level to verify that the card itself is correctly exposed. To achieve this a number of standard grey areas should be distributed around the periphery of the colour chart, preferably in or near the edges or corners thereof.
  • Subsequently data captured from the entire colour chart is used to generate a second set of calibration data, allowing a colour correction to be performed based on the exposure properties of the digital camera.
  • the software may also allow the user to modify the second set of calibration data dependent on, for instance, the type of subject in the image and to allow weighting of colours in the colour chart depending on image subject. For portraits it is possible to weight the colours of a group of skin tones in the colour chart, while a landscape can be weighted using a number of primary colours such as blue and green.
  • the first and second sets of calibration data are processed in order to create a final set of calibration data and storing said final set of data in a data storage means as an ICC colour profile.
  • a data storage means as an ICC colour profile.
  • the original image and its associated colour profile can be processed by virtually any make of imaging software. More than one such profile can be created and stored for each reference image, so that profiles containing both standard, weighted, or otherwise modified colour profiles can be stored in a library of profiles for later application the one or more images.
  • the software can subsequently be instructed to apply the resulting colour profile to all images in said batch.
  • the data file original image as the colour profile is stored as a separate data file in the same or a parallel folder in the memory of the computer.
  • a user can select the created colour profile and/or any other colour profile from the storage means.
  • the profile applied to the images can be selected from a range of profiles having different calibration properties. For instance, after colour correcting one or more images using the created profile, a further, predefined profile can be applied to the corrected image.
  • Ready-made profiles of this kind can be used e.g. to emulate a particular colour temperature, such as daylight (approximately 5,500 K), the colour characteristics of a predetermined type of emulsion based film, such as Kodachrome 64TM or Fuji VelviaTM, or the exposure characteristics of a predetermined type or make of camera.
  • the reference card used may be provided with a predetermined number of reference positions for manual indication, as well as a reference marker for automatic detection.
  • the software may also include the option that the type of reference card is selected from a range of standard reference cards.
  • the user must then be given instructions relating to which positions and/or markers to use in order to allow the software to find the location and orientation of the selected reference card.
  • the software will be provided with known reference colours for the appropriate colour chart.
  • the invention further relates to an arrangement for calibrating and correcting digital images, wherein a batch of images includes at least one reference image containing a reference card containing at least three primary colours and at least two grey levels.
  • This arrangement comprises;
  • an indicating means such as a mouse, for manually indicating at least one reference point on said reference card on the display - a microprocessor means provided with an image recognition means for automatically detecting at least one further reference marker on said reference card, to determine the position of the reference card in the reference image, - the microprocessor means further provided with a grey level comparing means arranged to perform a comparison of grey levels between multiple, identical areas on said grey card and a known reference grey level, to determine that the card is evenly exposed and to generate a first set of calibration data, - the microprocessor means further provided with a colour comparing means arranged to perform a comparison of a predetermined pattern of colours on said card and a set of known reference colours, to generate a second set of calibration data,
  • the microprocessor means further provided with a colour profile generating means arranged to perform a calculation based on said first and second sets of calibration data to create a colour profile for the reference image and store said profile in the data storage means,
  • the microprocessor means further provided with a colour correcting means arranged to retrieve at least one colour profile from said data storage means and perform a colour correction to one or more of said images.
  • the microprocessor may further be provided with an image enhancing means arranged to zoom in on the reference card, to facilitate marking of reference points, detection of the further reference marker, and comparison of grey levels and colours.
  • the software used for colour correcting and creating colour profiles is a so- called plug-in program that is intended for installation on any type of PC or Macintosh TM computer, independent of type of platform , or version of operative system. It is also designed to handle any standard image format, such as TIFF, JPEG, GIF, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the arrangement according to one embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2A shows one embodiment of a reference card according to the invention
  • Figure 2B shows one embodiment of a reference card according to the invention
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention, wherein a reference card 1 is been placed in the image to be photographed by a digital camera 3.
  • the card 1 is preferably placed so that it is evenly lit by a light source 2 or the ambient light.
  • the card should preferably, but not necessarily, be placed flat and substantially parallel to a focal plane F of the camera.
  • the digital camera 3 captures the image including the reference card 1 , which can then be removed before taking one or more subsequent images.
  • the card can be included in all images taken at one time, if this is desired for later reference. If the card is removed, it may be put back at a later time, e.g. if the light condition suddenly change.
  • the images stored in the internal memory of the camera 3 is then transferred to a data storage unit 4, such as a hard drive in a computer.
  • the computer is provided with a display 5 for displaying digital images, a command input device 6 in the form of a keyboard and an indicating means 7 in the form of a mouse.
  • the internal communication between these devices, processing of digital image data and calculations using various algorithms is performed by a microprocessor 8.
  • the display 5 shows a reference image including the reference card 1 , whereby a number of reference points on the card 1 are indicated by the mouse 7. This is simply done by positioning a cursor C on the display 5 and clicking on a number of reference points. These reference point determine the location, including the relative outline, of the reference card 1 in the reference image shown on the display 5.
  • reference points are used.
  • three reference points are used, wherein these three points are used by the software to define a rectangle in order to determine the location of the fourth reference point. Once the reference points have been indicated, the rectangle may need to be moved, twisted or rotated to adjust it to the shape or position of the card. This is achieved in the same way as in most image processing programs, by means of the mouse 7.
  • the reference card 1 will be described in more detail below.
  • the microprocessor 8 is provided with an image recognition means 9 for automatically detecting at least one further reference marker on said reference card 1 , to determine the orientation of the reference card in the reference image shown on the display 5. Once the location and orientation have been established, the exact positions of all grey levels and colours in the reference card 1 are known to the computer. The reference card in the image can then be compared with a reference card stored in the computer.
  • reference cards may be used. For the user this would involve selecting a particular card from a predetermined range of cards. In case of the software used, this will require it to recognise various pre-programmed features of each card, as other makes of cards have different colour charts and will most probably lack the reference positions and marker of the card according to the invention.
  • the microprocessor 8 can also be provided with an image enhancing means
  • the reference card 10 arranged to zoom in on the reference card, to facilitate marking of reference points, detecting reference markers and comparison of grey levels and colours. This may be necessary if the card has been placed at a relatively large distance from the camera. In this case the size of the reference card 1 in relation to the total image may make it difficult to indicate the reference points on the card. By enlarging the general area containing the card in one or more fixed steps, or by continuous zooming, both indication and image processing is facilitated.
  • the microprocessor 8 uses a grey level comparing means 11 to perform an exposure check for the card 1. This is done by comparing a number of identical grey level areas on the card with a known reference grey level stored in the computer. This is performed in order to determine that all areas of the card is evenly exposed. If a discrepancy is detected, this indicates that the card may have been placed partially in the shade or in a non-planar position where it may reflect light from a light source. If this occurs, then the user is warned that the resulting colour correction may give undesired effects.
  • the reference card is provided with at least four standard grey level areas placed in each corner of the colour chart.
  • standard grey level denotes a shade of grey reflecting 18% of incident light, which grey level is commonly used to neutralise colours to daylight conditions (5500 K).
  • the grey level comparing means 11 determines what corrections are required to neutralise the grey levels on the reference card 1 to daylight conditions. Based on these data the grey level comparing means 11 generates a first set of calibration data. Subsequently a colour comparing means 12 in the microprocessor 8 is arranged to perform a comparison of a predetermined pattern of colours on said reference card 1 and a set of known reference colours stored in the computer. Based on this comparison colour comparing means 12 determines what corrections are required to adjust the colours on the reference card 1 to the known reference colours stored in the computer. Based on these data the colour comparing means 12 generates a second set of calibration data.
  • the microprocessor 8 is further provided with a colour profile generating means 13 arranged to perform a calculation based on said first and second sets of calibration data. Based on these data the colour profile generating means 13 creates a colour profile for the reference image, which profile is stored in said data storage means 4.
  • the profile can be stored in a standard ICC-format, in a PhotoshopTM format, or in the format of other commonly used imaging programs.
  • the format of the profile can be determined by the user, who may select at least one alternative from a list of file types and versions when saving it on the data storage means 4.
  • the colour profile and the digital image are saved as separate files in the same or in parallel folders, or with the colour profile data encapsulated in the image data. This selection is made by the user.
  • the profile can be provided with information relating it to a particular image, and vice versa.
  • the user will automatically be asked if the related colour profile should be applied.
  • a colour correcting means 14 applies the profile to the displayed reference image.
  • the user can then approve the resulting colour correction and allow the profile to be applied to one or more images captured under the same conditions as the reference image, arranged to retrieve at least one colour profile from said data storage means and perform a colour correction to one or more of said images.
  • the above steps, from the point where the user indicated the reference points and provided that the reference card is correctly exposed, to the point where the created colour profile is applied, can be performed automatically without intervention from the user. For more advanced users, it is possible to put in check-points at each stage, allowing the user to approve each subsequent correction or to make personalised alterations after each step.
  • Figure 2A and 2B shows one embodiment of a reference card according to the invention.
  • Figure 2A shows the reference card 1 with a black and white representation of a colour chart
  • Figure 2B shows the same card with printed colour definitions. According to an alternative embodiment these colour definitions could be printed on the back of the card for reference.
  • the card 1 is rectangular and is to the largest part covered by a colour chart having a predetermined distribution of reference colours. Theoretically, there are no restrictions to the placing of or choice of colours on the card. For practical purposes, however, the card should at least include two grey levels and at least the three primary colours.
  • the card according to one embodiment of the invention is provided with a series of grey shades G ranging from white to black (see Fig. 2B; nos. 1-7), including at least one standard grey level S.
  • the standard grey levels are used to determine whether the card is evenly exposed and are arranged spaced apart from each other. According to a preferred embodiment one such grey level S is placed in each corner of the colour chart.
  • Additional groups of related colours includes a group of skin tones T and a group of primary colours P.
  • the skin tones are used for weighting a colour profile towards skin colours when photographing portraits, while the primary colours are used to weight a colour profile towards blue, green and yellow when photographing landscapes.
  • the reference card can also be provided with a printed code containing information about the type or make of card, which in this example is a QPcard 201 ⁇ .
  • a printed code containing information about the type or make of card which in this example is a QPcard 201 ⁇ .
  • the software is arranged to query the user about the type of reference card used, giving a list of possible choices that can be processed be the software.
  • the colours indicated in Figure 2B, showing a number of standard reference colours and colour codes are given by way of example only and do not limit the scope of the invention.
  • the card In order to determine the location of the reference card in the image, the card is provided with a number of reference points R or markers. As shown in Figure 2A these reference points R ⁇ are preferably, but not necessarily, located at each corner of the colour chart.
  • the reference points Ri can be printed as substantially L-shaped markers.
  • An additional marker R 2 used to determine the orientation of the card can be placed at any suitable position.
  • the marker R 2 is a distinct area of a predetermined colour located at a predetermined position in a colour chart, e.g. a black square.
  • the marker is a printed distinct shape or logotype, or a marker combining shape and colour.
  • the card can be provided with a cross hair pointer X, that can be used to aid focussing, and a scale M in suitable units, for making comparative or relative measurements.
  • the units can be selected depending on the size of the photographed subject and may include millimetres, centimetres and/or inches.
  • the scale is preferably placed along one or both of the longer of the side edges of the card.
  • Figure 2B describes one example of possible colours to be used for the card, which colour are indicated using standard reference codes or similar codes.
  • this is just one example of a possible combination of colours, as the colour scheme may be varied freely within the scope of the claims.
  • To facilitate handling of the card it may be provided with an adhesive layer over at least a part of its rear surface. This feature allows a number of cards to be packaged in a stack when in storage, and makes it possible to releasably attach individual cards to a suitable surface when in use.
  • the card 1 is intended to be placed within a predetermined distance from the camera 3 and preferably substantially parallel to the focal plane F thereof.
  • the image recognition means 9 can handle an image placed at an angle, but preferably this angle should not exceed 45° to the focal plane Even with image enhancing zoom function, allowing enlargement of the part of the image containing the card, sufficient pixels containing each area of grey level and colour must be available for analysis if the colour correction is to be reliable.
  • a maximum distance to the camera may have to be observed to enable image processing.
  • the software used by the arrangement may detect a number of potential problems or errors using the reference points Ri and the colour chart. Examples of such problems are that the reference card is not evenly exposed, due to a shadow falling over the card, that it is placed at an angle exceeding a predetermined limit, or that the card has been bent. If such a problem is detected, then the user will be given a warning that the resulting colour correction may not be accurate. The user can then choose to abort the process or to override the warning. In the latter case it is possible to allow manual correction of one or more colours. Such a manual correction may be carried out by the user either before the processing continues or once the colour correction has been applied and found unsatisfactory.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Color Television Image Signal Generators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé géré par ordinateur et à un agencement permettant d'étalonner et de corriger des images numériques, selon lequel au moins une image parmi un lot d'images contient une carte de référence (1) contenant au moins trois couleurs primaires et au moins deux niveaux de gris. Le procédé consiste à afficher une image contenant la carte de référence (1) sur un afficheur (5) et à indiquer la position de la carte de référence en marquant au moins un point de référence (R1) sur l'afficheur (5). L'emplacement et l'orientation de la carte peuvent être effectués au moyen dudit ou desdits points de référence (R1) et d'un autre marqueur de référence supplémentaire (R2) sur la carte. Un premier ensemble de données d'étalonnage est déterminé en fonction d'une comparaison entre un niveau de gris réel sur ladite carte et un niveau de gris de référence connu. Un second ensemble de données d'étalonnage est déterminé en fonction d'une comparaison entre un certain nombre de couleurs sur ladite carte (1) et un ensemble de couleurs de référence connues. Un profil des couleurs est créé au moyen du premier et du second ensemble de données d'étalonnage, et appliqué à au moins une image dans ledit lot d'images. L'invention se rapporte également à une carte de référence pouvant être utilisée avec le procédé décrit ci-dessus.
PCT/SE2002/001683 2002-09-17 2002-09-17 Procede et agencement pour la correction de couleur d'images numeriques Ceased WO2004028144A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002341464A AU2002341464A1 (en) 2002-09-17 2002-09-17 Method and arrangement for colour correction of digital images
PCT/SE2002/001683 WO2004028144A1 (fr) 2002-09-17 2002-09-17 Procede et agencement pour la correction de couleur d'images numeriques

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SE2002/001683 WO2004028144A1 (fr) 2002-09-17 2002-09-17 Procede et agencement pour la correction de couleur d'images numeriques

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WO2004028144A1 true WO2004028144A1 (fr) 2004-04-01

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PCT/SE2002/001683 Ceased WO2004028144A1 (fr) 2002-09-17 2002-09-17 Procede et agencement pour la correction de couleur d'images numeriques

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO2011089095A1 (fr) 2010-01-19 2011-07-28 Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. Procédé et système pour déterminer la couleur à partir d'une image
WO2011123043A1 (fr) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-06 Cpcard Carte d'étalonnage de couleurs
US20120327214A1 (en) * 2011-06-21 2012-12-27 HNJ Solutions, Inc. System and method for image calibration
EP2781191A1 (fr) 2013-03-19 2014-09-24 Schnidar, Harald Procédés pour évaluer un érythème
US10114838B2 (en) 2012-04-30 2018-10-30 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Reference card for scene referred metadata capture
CN112165616A (zh) * 2020-11-13 2021-01-01 歌尔光学科技有限公司 一种摄像头模组的测试方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质
CN114391094A (zh) * 2019-09-18 2022-04-22 亚拉国际有限公司 植物中的营养素缺乏的检测
KR102523208B1 (ko) * 2021-11-12 2023-04-21 대한민국 각도 조절이 가능한 색보정 증거물 표식

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EP1184720A2 (fr) * 2000-08-09 2002-03-06 Eastman Kodak Company Elément photographique et procédé de calibration d'images digitales
WO2002067048A2 (fr) * 2001-02-16 2002-08-29 Immervision International Pte Ltd Procede et dispositif pour l'obtention d'une image panoramique numerique a teinte constante
EP1297785A1 (fr) * 2001-10-01 2003-04-02 L'oreal Etalonnage de l'acquisition d'image

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US5267030A (en) * 1989-12-22 1993-11-30 Eastman Kodak Company Method and associated apparatus for forming image data metrics which achieve media compatibility for subsequent imaging application
EP1184720A2 (fr) * 2000-08-09 2002-03-06 Eastman Kodak Company Elément photographique et procédé de calibration d'images digitales
WO2002067048A2 (fr) * 2001-02-16 2002-08-29 Immervision International Pte Ltd Procede et dispositif pour l'obtention d'une image panoramique numerique a teinte constante
EP1297785A1 (fr) * 2001-10-01 2003-04-02 L'oreal Etalonnage de l'acquisition d'image

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8885934B2 (en) 2010-01-19 2014-11-11 Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. Method and system for determining colour from an image
WO2011089094A1 (fr) 2010-01-19 2011-07-28 Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. Procédé et système pour déterminer la couleur à partir d'une image
WO2011089096A1 (fr) 2010-01-19 2011-07-28 Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. Procédé et système pour déterminer la couleur à partir d'une image
WO2011089093A2 (fr) 2010-01-19 2011-07-28 Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. Procédé et système de détermination de couleur à partir d'une image
WO2011089095A1 (fr) 2010-01-19 2011-07-28 Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. Procédé et système pour déterminer la couleur à partir d'une image
EP2526684B1 (fr) 2010-01-19 2019-04-10 Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. Procédé et système pour déterminer la couleur à partir d'une image
RU2567500C2 (ru) * 2010-01-19 2015-11-10 Акцо Нобель Коатингс Интернэшнл Б.В. Способ и система для определения цвета из изображения
RU2567863C2 (ru) * 2010-01-19 2015-11-10 Акцо Нобель Коатингс Интернэшнл Б.В. Способ и система для определения цвета из изображения
WO2011123043A1 (fr) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-06 Cpcard Carte d'étalonnage de couleurs
US8610777B2 (en) 2010-03-31 2013-12-17 Qpcard Ab Colour calibration card
JP2013527914A (ja) * 2010-03-31 2013-07-04 キューピーカード エービー 色補正カード
US20120327214A1 (en) * 2011-06-21 2012-12-27 HNJ Solutions, Inc. System and method for image calibration
US10114838B2 (en) 2012-04-30 2018-10-30 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Reference card for scene referred metadata capture
WO2014147149A1 (fr) 2013-03-19 2014-09-25 Schnidar Harald Procédés d'évaluation d'un érythème
EP2781191A1 (fr) 2013-03-19 2014-09-24 Schnidar, Harald Procédés pour évaluer un érythème
CN114391094A (zh) * 2019-09-18 2022-04-22 亚拉国际有限公司 植物中的营养素缺乏的检测
CN112165616A (zh) * 2020-11-13 2021-01-01 歌尔光学科技有限公司 一种摄像头模组的测试方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质
KR102523208B1 (ko) * 2021-11-12 2023-04-21 대한민국 각도 조절이 가능한 색보정 증거물 표식

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