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WO2004025261A2 - Method and apparatus detecting and analyzing oil and gas compositions using dual sensors - Google Patents

Method and apparatus detecting and analyzing oil and gas compositions using dual sensors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004025261A2
WO2004025261A2 PCT/US2003/028755 US0328755W WO2004025261A2 WO 2004025261 A2 WO2004025261 A2 WO 2004025261A2 US 0328755 W US0328755 W US 0328755W WO 2004025261 A2 WO2004025261 A2 WO 2004025261A2
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Prior art keywords
water column
sensor
light source
sensors
chosen
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2003/028755
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French (fr)
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WO2004025261A3 (en
Inventor
John Pope
Rick Cox
Daniel Buttry
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WellDog Inc
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WellDog Inc
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Priority to AU2003272357A priority Critical patent/AU2003272357A1/en
Publication of WO2004025261A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004025261A2/en
Publication of WO2004025261A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004025261A3/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/18—Water
    • G01N33/1886—Water using probes, e.g. submersible probes, buoys
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/65—Raman scattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/18—Water
    • G01N33/1826—Organic contamination in water
    • G01N33/1833—Oil in water
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V9/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00
    • G01V9/007—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00 by detecting gases or particles representative of underground layers at or near the surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
    • G01N21/274—Calibration, base line adjustment, drift correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/02—Mechanical
    • G01N2201/021—Special mounting in general
    • G01N2201/0218—Submersible, submarine
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/02—Mechanical
    • G01N2201/022—Casings
    • G01N2201/0227—Sealable enclosure

Definitions

  • Oil and gas located below the seafloor can in some instances move toward the seafloor and exit into the water column through vents, seeps or other faults in the seafloor, or by moving through seafloor sediments. It is apparent to one skilled in the art that identifying locations where such "plumes" of oil and gas occur in the water column can allow indication of seafloor locations where subsurface oil and gas is present.
  • the first part of this invention relates to a method of using two sensors.
  • One sensor which is very sensitive to oil and gas in the water column but having some drawback, such as being less sensitive to chemical composition, being slower in response time, etc. is used, and a second sensor which is less sensitive to oil and gas in the water column but having other advantages such as being more sensitive to chemical composition of the water samples, being faster in response, etc.
  • the background concentration of methane is only a few micromolar. This may be less than that detectable by a fast response sensor such as Raman spectroscopy. However, it may be detectable using a highly sensitive technique such as fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, micro leaks in oil and gas pipelines may be difficult to detect with Raman spectroscopy due to a limited detection limit, but the leaks may be localized with a more sensitive, and non-reversible sensor such as METS. Thus, the Raman spectroscopy may be used to pinpoint the location of micro-leaks once the leak area is localized.
  • the concentration of methane in oil and gas plumes from deep-sea vents in the Gulf of Mexico can reach up to 100 micromolar.
  • a highly sensitive technique such as fluorescence spectroscopy may not provide the amount or quality of chemical specific data desired by the observer.
  • a less sensitive technique such as Raman spectroscopy may be able nonetheless to detect those relatively high levels of methane AND provide chemical specific data regarding the methane and other chemicals present to an extent not provided by the more sensitive technique.
  • An aspect of the invention also relates to an apparatus that can be used to perform the disclosed method.
  • a dual optical spectrometer equipped with a pixilated detector such as a charge-coupled device, one or more light sources such as lasers, and one or more optical paths containing appropriate filters and other optical elements could be constructed such that: the spectrometer employs one laser chosen to be at a wavelength near the expected fluorescence excitation wavelength of the water column-interred oil and gas, one optical path with appropriate optical elements, and one portion of the detector to perform fluorescence spectroscopy; and the spectrometer employs one laser chosen to be at a wavelength away from the expected fluorescence excitation wavelength of the water column-interred oil and gas, one optical path with appropriate optical elements, and one portion of the detector to perform Raman spectroscopy.
  • this apparatus could be used to monitor "background" fluorescence of oil and gas in seawater. When that fluorescence is increased in intensity to some pre -determined level, the apparatus could be used to perform Raman spectroscopy of oil and gas in seawater. Alternately, both spectroscopies could be employed concurrently at all times, and the data merely viewed in light of the environmental conditions.
  • Another aspect of this invention relates the use of a method to increase the sensitivity of the second sensor, as described above, via amplification, pre-concentration, or multiple pass spectroscopic methods.
  • Such methods include, for example, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy methods and apparatus via use of plasmon amplification; ion-selective membrane pre-concentration methods and apparatus; and multiple pass spectroscopic methods via use of appropriate grazing angle, fiber, waveguide or other optics.
  • the invention would comprise a method and apparatus using a single sensor, e.g. a Raman spectrometer equipped with a liquid core waveguide and/or an optic coated with metal nanocrystallites, to detect and analyze chemicals in seawater.
  • the invention also relates to the use of an optical spectrometer to analyze materials dissolved or suspended in water columns at depths greater than 100 meters.
  • the spectrometer is equipped with a special housing in order to withstand the pressures, temperatures, and corrosive fluids encountered at such depths.
  • the invention relates to using a Raman spectrometer packaged into a stainless steel housing.
  • the spectrometer is used to analyze the quantity and type of hydrocarbons in the oceanic water column at 300 meters. From that data, hypotheses and conclusions regarding the geology, geochemistry, biochemistry, and other physicochemical properties of the surrounding water column, biological communities residing therein, the seafloor below, and the subsurface sediments can be drawn.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic of a towed sensor platform with two sensors having different sampling paths in a housing
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic of a group of sensors attached to a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), the sensor housing may also be attached to a manned submersible or used by a diver to locate leaks near oil & gas platforms and pipelines; and
  • ROV remotely operated vehicle
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic view of another embodiment where the sensors use one detector.
  • a towed array sensor platform In order to detect minute quantities of oil and gas in a plume, a fluorescent spectrometer 2 or the like is provided in the platform housing 1.
  • the fluorescent spectrometer 2 is highly sensitive and can detect the minute quantities from a plume.
  • a second sensor 3 which is less sensitive but provides greater detail in a chemical composition.
  • the first sensor may be used to find the plume, while the second sensor 3 may be used to analyze the plume.
  • the second sensor may be a Raman Spectrometer which can more readily characterize the chemical composition of the plume than the fluorescence sensor or spectrometer 2.
  • the two sensors have different sampling paths to the platform housing. These sensors may also be used to monitor oil & gas plumes over time. As such they would be moored from a buoy or stationed in a sub-sea ocean platform.
  • FIG 2 shows another embodiment wherein several sensors may be located inside or outside a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) for leak- detection.
  • the sensors may be accommodated into the same instrument housing and signals are stored in an onboard PC or sent to the surface through telemetry.
  • the sensors may also have their own individual housings due to sample-instrument interactions or space constraints.
  • the sensors may be rack mountable onto a manned submersible or designed with a smaller form factor and weight for use by divers.
  • a sensor housing 11 may be located outside the ROV.
  • a second sensor housing 12 may be located inside the ROV and communicate with a sample via an optical window or membrane 13 on the ROV.
  • the ROV housing 14 can contain power supplies, an embedded PC memory and telemetry equipment 15.
  • Figure 3 shows another embodiment wherein one detector 4 is used.
  • the two sensors employ two light sources 6, 7 of different frequencies.
  • the first sensor may employ a fluorescence laser which may be chosen by wavelength to excite fluorescence in the sample.
  • the second laser light source is chosen to have greater sensitivity to chemical compositions in the sample.
  • Appropriate filters 10 and optical path elements 9 can be provided in order to manipulate the optical paths.
  • One detector may be employed in the instrument which detects signals from the sample from each light source. This configuration may be used for the identification of plumes or leak detection.
  • the sample pathway may contain filters 8 and/or adjustments in order to prepare the sampled water.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)

Abstract

In this way, plumes of oil and gas in the oceanic water column can be detected from a substantial distance using a highly sensitive sensor (2) and then characterized thoroughly using a less sensitive sensor (3).

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS DETECTING AND ANALYZING OIL AND GAS COMPOSITIONS USING DUAL SENSORS
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0001] Detection of Oil and Gas in the ocean is relevant from both an exploration and production viewpoint. On the exploration side, oil and gas is located in some instances under the seafloor, or in the case of methane ice or condensed hydrocarbons, at the seafloor. Extracting and selling that oil and gas can constitute a lucrative business. However, locating sub-seafloor oil and gas is difficult and expensive, with a typically marginal chance of success.
[0002] Oil and gas located below the seafloor can in some instances move toward the seafloor and exit into the water column through vents, seeps or other faults in the seafloor, or by moving through seafloor sediments. It is apparent to one skilled in the art that identifying locations where such "plumes" of oil and gas occur in the water column can allow indication of seafloor locations where subsurface oil and gas is present.
[0003] Furthermore, monitoring such plumes once identified will allow oceanographers and industry to further understand the flux or concentration gradients around these areas. Such knowledge and information will assist in identify other sources of plumes and forecast reservoir potential.
[0004] On the production side, oil and gas is typically transported from production platforms or ships to onshore holding and refining facilities. Transportation lines can extend several miles offshore to the production platforms or ships. The prompt identification of leaks in the transfer lines and around the drilling platforms is necessary to prevent system and delivery failures. Furthermore there is a need for a preventive maintenance tool- where minor (or micro) leaks are identified and rectified as part of a wider maintenance and repair program, or where a leakage check is included in the equipment installation protocols.
[0005] Efforts to use hydrocarbon "sniffers" and chemical analyzers to locate oil and gas plumes and leaks in seawater have had limited success to date. Most sensors, such as the METS sensor, have inappropriate dynamic ranges or too slow response times to be of use by themselves. Some other sensors, such as Raman spectroscopy, have suitable response time but only limited sensitivity.
[0006] The first part of this invention relates to a method of using two sensors.
[0007] One sensor which is very sensitive to oil and gas in the water column but having some drawback, such as being less sensitive to chemical composition, being slower in response time, etc. is used, and a second sensor which is less sensitive to oil and gas in the water column but having other advantages such as being more sensitive to chemical composition of the water samples, being faster in response, etc.
[0008] These two sensors are then used in concert to locate and characterize oil and gas plumes in oceanic or other water columns or leaks in oil production and transfer facilities.
[0009] For example, in the Gulf of Mexico the background concentration of methane is only a few micromolar. This may be less than that detectable by a fast response sensor such as Raman spectroscopy. However, it may be detectable using a highly sensitive technique such as fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, micro leaks in oil and gas pipelines may be difficult to detect with Raman spectroscopy due to a limited detection limit, but the leaks may be localized with a more sensitive, and non-reversible sensor such as METS. Thus, the Raman spectroscopy may be used to pinpoint the location of micro-leaks once the leak area is localized.
[0010] Conversely, the concentration of methane in oil and gas plumes from deep-sea vents in the Gulf of Mexico can reach up to 100 micromolar. A highly sensitive technique such as fluorescence spectroscopy may not provide the amount or quality of chemical specific data desired by the observer. However, a less sensitive technique such as Raman spectroscopy may be able nonetheless to detect those relatively high levels of methane AND provide chemical specific data regarding the methane and other chemicals present to an extent not provided by the more sensitive technique.
[0011] In this way, plumes of oil and gas in the oceanic water column can be detected from a substantial distance using a highly sensitive sensor and then characterized thoroughly using a less sensitive sensor.
[0012] An aspect of the invention also relates to an apparatus that can be used to perform the disclosed method.
[0013] For example, a dual optical spectrometer equipped with a pixilated detector such as a charge-coupled device, one or more light sources such as lasers, and one or more optical paths containing appropriate filters and other optical elements could be constructed such that: the spectrometer employs one laser chosen to be at a wavelength near the expected fluorescence excitation wavelength of the water column-interred oil and gas, one optical path with appropriate optical elements, and one portion of the detector to perform fluorescence spectroscopy; and the spectrometer employs one laser chosen to be at a wavelength away from the expected fluorescence excitation wavelength of the water column-interred oil and gas, one optical path with appropriate optical elements, and one portion of the detector to perform Raman spectroscopy. [0014] Thus, this apparatus could be used to monitor "background" fluorescence of oil and gas in seawater. When that fluorescence is increased in intensity to some pre -determined level, the apparatus could be used to perform Raman spectroscopy of oil and gas in seawater. Alternately, both spectroscopies could be employed concurrently at all times, and the data merely viewed in light of the environmental conditions.
[0015] Another aspect of this invention relates the use of a method to increase the sensitivity of the second sensor, as described above, via amplification, pre-concentration, or multiple pass spectroscopic methods. Such methods include, for example, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy methods and apparatus via use of plasmon amplification; ion-selective membrane pre-concentration methods and apparatus; and multiple pass spectroscopic methods via use of appropriate grazing angle, fiber, waveguide or other optics. In this embodiment, the invention would comprise a method and apparatus using a single sensor, e.g. a Raman spectrometer equipped with a liquid core waveguide and/or an optic coated with metal nanocrystallites, to detect and analyze chemicals in seawater.
[0016] The invention also relates to the use of an optical spectrometer to analyze materials dissolved or suspended in water columns at depths greater than 100 meters. The spectrometer is equipped with a special housing in order to withstand the pressures, temperatures, and corrosive fluids encountered at such depths. In one embodiment, the invention relates to using a Raman spectrometer packaged into a stainless steel housing. The spectrometer is used to analyze the quantity and type of hydrocarbons in the oceanic water column at 300 meters. From that data, hypotheses and conclusions regarding the geology, geochemistry, biochemistry, and other physicochemical properties of the surrounding water column, biological communities residing therein, the seafloor below, and the subsurface sediments can be drawn.
[0017] Other objects, advantages and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 shows a schematic of a towed sensor platform with two sensors having different sampling paths in a housing; and
[0019] Figure 2 shows a schematic of a group of sensors attached to a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), the sensor housing may also be attached to a manned submersible or used by a diver to locate leaks near oil & gas platforms and pipelines; and
[0020] Figure 3 shows a schematic view of another embodiment where the sensors use one detector.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] In Figure 1 a towed array sensor platform is shown. In order to detect minute quantities of oil and gas in a plume, a fluorescent spectrometer 2 or the like is provided in the platform housing 1. The fluorescent spectrometer 2 is highly sensitive and can detect the minute quantities from a plume. Also provided in the sensor platform is a second sensor 3 which is less sensitive but provides greater detail in a chemical composition. The first sensor may be used to find the plume, while the second sensor 3 may be used to analyze the plume. The second sensor may be a Raman Spectrometer which can more readily characterize the chemical composition of the plume than the fluorescence sensor or spectrometer 2. In the platform shown in Figure 1, the two sensors have different sampling paths to the platform housing. These sensors may also be used to monitor oil & gas plumes over time. As such they would be moored from a buoy or stationed in a sub-sea ocean platform.
[0022] Figure 2 shows another embodiment wherein several sensors may be located inside or outside a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) for leak- detection. The sensors may be accommodated into the same instrument housing and signals are stored in an onboard PC or sent to the surface through telemetry. The sensors may also have their own individual housings due to sample-instrument interactions or space constraints. The sensors may be rack mountable onto a manned submersible or designed with a smaller form factor and weight for use by divers. A sensor housing 11 may be located outside the ROV. Depending on the type of sensor a second sensor housing 12 may be located inside the ROV and communicate with a sample via an optical window or membrane 13 on the ROV. The ROV housing 14 can contain power supplies, an embedded PC memory and telemetry equipment 15.
[0023] Figure 3 shows another embodiment wherein one detector 4 is used. In this embodiment there are advantages to having a single flow path 5 through the platform housing. The two sensors employ two light sources 6, 7 of different frequencies. The first sensor may employ a fluorescence laser which may be chosen by wavelength to excite fluorescence in the sample. The second laser light source is chosen to have greater sensitivity to chemical compositions in the sample. Appropriate filters 10 and optical path elements 9 can be provided in order to manipulate the optical paths. One detector may be employed in the instrument which detects signals from the sample from each light source. This configuration may be used for the identification of plumes or leak detection. [0024] As shown in figure 3 the sample pathway may contain filters 8 and/or adjustments in order to prepare the sampled water.
[0025] The foregoing disclosure has been set forth merely to illustrate the invention and is not intended to be limiting. Since modifications of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the invention may occur to persons skilled in the art, the invention should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

What is claimed is:
1. A detection device for sampling a water column, comprising; a first light source which is chosen to provide high sensitivity to the water column, a second light source which is chosen to provide a greater sensitivity to chemical composition of the water column than the first light source, at least one detector to detect an incident signal from the water column from the light sources, a housing which encloses the light sources and detector, and a sampling path which positions a sample of the water column into a pathway of each of the light sources.
2. A detection device according to claim 1, wherein the first light source is a Raman Spectrometer light source.
3. A detection device according to claim 1, wherein the second light source is a fluorescence spectrometer.
4. A detection device according to claim 1, wherein the second light source has a wavelength near an expected fluorescence of an interred sample of interest in the water column.
5. A method of analyzing a water column, comprising; providing a first optical sensor having a light source chosen to provide high sensitivity in detecting and analyzing oil and gas in the water column, providing a second optical sensor having a light source chosen to provide one of a greater sensitivity to chemical compositions in the water column, a faster response time and a higher amount or quality of chemical specific data than the first sensor, arranging the sensors in an instrument package, and locating the instrument package to allow the sensors to sample and analyze the water column.
6. A method of analyzing a water column, comprising; providing a first sensor chosen to provide high sensitivity in detecting and analyzing oil and gas in the water column, providing a second sensor chosen to provide one of a greater sensitivity to chemical compositions in the water column, a faster response time and a higher amount or quality of chemical specific data than the first sensor, arranging the sensors in an instrument package, and locating the instrument package to allow the sensors to sample and analyze the water column.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein the first sensor is used until a pre-determined signal output is reached, then the second sensor is used to analyze the water column.
PCT/US2003/028755 2002-09-16 2003-09-16 Method and apparatus detecting and analyzing oil and gas compositions using dual sensors Ceased WO2004025261A2 (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2402210A (en) * 2003-05-14 2004-12-01 Univ Robert Gordon Underwater fluorescence detector for monitoring movement of sediment
US9146225B2 (en) 2011-11-11 2015-09-29 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Exploration method and system for detection of hydrocarbons with an underwater vehicle
DE102014104693A1 (en) * 2014-04-02 2015-10-08 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Sensor head and its use as well as underwater vehicle
US9453828B2 (en) 2014-07-18 2016-09-27 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method and system for identifying and sampling hydrocarbons with buoys
US9638828B2 (en) 2014-07-18 2017-05-02 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method and system for performing surveying and sampling in a body of water
WO2017174977A1 (en) * 2016-04-04 2017-10-12 Particulate As Particle characterisation
US9829602B2 (en) 2014-07-18 2017-11-28 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method and system for identifying and sampling hydrocarbons
WO2017213872A1 (en) * 2016-06-09 2017-12-14 Shell Oil Company Enhanced raman spectroscopy system for chemical detection
US9891331B2 (en) 2014-03-07 2018-02-13 Scott C. Hornbostel Exploration method and system for detection of hydrocarbons from the water column
US10309217B2 (en) 2011-11-11 2019-06-04 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method and system for reservoir surveillance utilizing a clumped isotope and/or noble gas data

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US3850525A (en) * 1973-07-09 1974-11-26 Beckman Instruments Inc Simultaneous multiple measurements in laser photometers
US4394573A (en) * 1980-12-15 1983-07-19 Conoco Inc. Method and apparatus for underwater detection of hydrocarbons
US6525325B1 (en) * 2001-03-21 2003-02-25 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy System for quantifying the hydrocarbon content of aqueous media

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2402210B (en) * 2003-05-14 2006-08-16 Univ Robert Gordon Underwater fluorescence method for monitoring movement of sediment
GB2402210A (en) * 2003-05-14 2004-12-01 Univ Robert Gordon Underwater fluorescence detector for monitoring movement of sediment
US9146225B2 (en) 2011-11-11 2015-09-29 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Exploration method and system for detection of hydrocarbons with an underwater vehicle
US10527601B2 (en) 2011-11-11 2020-01-07 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method for determining the location, size, and fluid composition of a subsurface hydrocarbon accumulation
US9612231B2 (en) 2011-11-11 2017-04-04 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Exploration method and system for detection of hydrocarbons
US10330659B2 (en) 2011-11-11 2019-06-25 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method for determining the location, size, and fluid composition of a subsurface hydrocarbon accumulation
US10309217B2 (en) 2011-11-11 2019-06-04 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method and system for reservoir surveillance utilizing a clumped isotope and/or noble gas data
US9891331B2 (en) 2014-03-07 2018-02-13 Scott C. Hornbostel Exploration method and system for detection of hydrocarbons from the water column
DE102014104693A1 (en) * 2014-04-02 2015-10-08 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Sensor head and its use as well as underwater vehicle
US9638828B2 (en) 2014-07-18 2017-05-02 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method and system for performing surveying and sampling in a body of water
US9829602B2 (en) 2014-07-18 2017-11-28 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method and system for identifying and sampling hydrocarbons
US9453828B2 (en) 2014-07-18 2016-09-27 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method and system for identifying and sampling hydrocarbons with buoys
WO2017174977A1 (en) * 2016-04-04 2017-10-12 Particulate As Particle characterisation
WO2017213872A1 (en) * 2016-06-09 2017-12-14 Shell Oil Company Enhanced raman spectroscopy system for chemical detection

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