WO2004022793A2 - Acier a tres haute resistance mecanique et procede de fabrication d'une feuille de cet acier revetue de zinc ou d'alliage de zinc - Google Patents
Acier a tres haute resistance mecanique et procede de fabrication d'une feuille de cet acier revetue de zinc ou d'alliage de zinc Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004022793A2 WO2004022793A2 PCT/FR2003/002641 FR0302641W WO2004022793A2 WO 2004022793 A2 WO2004022793 A2 WO 2004022793A2 FR 0302641 W FR0302641 W FR 0302641W WO 2004022793 A2 WO2004022793 A2 WO 2004022793A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- zinc
- steel
- high mechanical
- zinc alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
- Y10T428/12799—Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel with very high mechanical strength, as well as to a process for manufacturing a sheet of this steel coated with zinc or zinc alloy.
- dual phase steels have a microstructure composed of ferrite and martensite, which allows them to reach tensile strengths ranging from 400 MPa to more than 1200MPa.
- these grades are fairly heavily loaded with elements such as chromium, silicon, manganese, aluminum or phosphorus.
- these grades are problematic when it is desired to coat them with a protective coating against corrosion, by hot-dip galvanizing, for example. Indeed, it is observed that the surface of the sheets has very poor wettability with respect to zinc or zinc alloys. The sheets then have uncoated parts, which constitute privileged areas for the initiation of corrosion.
- the present invention therefore aims to provide a steel composition which does not have the drawbacks of the compositions of the prior art, and which in particular has good suitability for coating with zinc or zinc alloys, while retaining high mechanical characteristics.
- a first object of the invention consists of a steel with very high mechanical strength, the chemical composition of which comprises, in% by weight:
- the steel comprises: 0.080% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.120%
- the steel comprises:
- This embodiment makes it possible to obtain a steel sheet having a tensile strength of the order of 500 MPa.
- the steel comprises:
- This embodiment makes it possible to obtain a steel sheet having a tensile strength of the order of 600 MPa.
- the steel has a microstructure consisting of ferrite and martensite.
- a second object of the invention consists of a steel sheet with very high mechanical strength in accordance with the invention, and coated with zinc or zinc alloy.
- a third object of the invention consists of a process for manufacturing a steel sheet according to the invention coated with zinc or a zinc alloy, and which comprises the steps consisting in:
- the sheet is held at the holding temperature for 10 to 1000 seconds.
- the bath containing zinc or a molten zinc alloy is maintained at a temperature between 450 and 480 ° C, and the immersion time of the sheet is between 2 and 400 seconds.
- the bath mainly contains zinc.
- a fourth object of the invention consists of the use of a sheet of very high mechanical strength of steel coated with zinc or zinc alloy, for the manufacture of automobile parts.
- the present invention is based on the new observation that by limiting the contents of manganese, silicon and chromium to the maximum values claimed, it is possible to obtain excellent coatability of the grades thus produced. Depending on the level of mechanical characteristics sought, the contents of quenching elements such as carbon and molybdenum will be adjusted, which it has been observed that they do not harm this coating.
- C ⁇ represents the carbon content of the austenite before cooling.
- the steel composition according to the invention contains between 0.060 and 0.250% by weight of carbon, since it has been observed that for a carbon content of less than 0.060%, the grade was no longer hardenable, and no longer made it possible to obtain the high mechanical characteristics sought.
- the composition also contains between 0.400 and 0.950% by weight of manganese.
- the lower limit is required to obtain a grade of hardenable steel, while the upper limit must be respected in order to ensure good coating of the grade.
- the composition also contains up to 0.300% by weight of silicon.
- the upper limit must be respected in order to ensure good coating of the shade.
- composition also contains up to 0.300% by weight of chromium.
- the upper limit must be respected in order to ensure good coating of the shade.
- composition according to the invention must contain between 0.100 and
- composition can also optionally contain up to
- the steel composition can also contain various inevitable residual elements, among which there may be mentioned N, Nb, Cu, Ni, W, V.
- the steel according to the invention finds in particular applications in the field of the manufacture of parts for the automobile, and more particularly for the manufacture of visible parts such as bodywork elements, which will have good appearance after painting, unlike those manufactured up to now with the steels of the prior art.
- the sheets are then subjected to galvanization by dipping in a zinc bath, with a residence time in the bath depending on the line speed chosen (between 80 and 150 m / min), then cooled at a speed of 5 ° C. / s up to room temperature.
- Test 1 Influence of the molybdenum content and the presence of boron
- the martensite content is increased, which makes it possible to increase the tensile strength and to lower the elastic limit.
- the sheets of grades A, B, C and F are hot dip galvanized and the dew point is adjusted to -40 ° C.
- the sheets produced in shades A and B have gaps in their coatings, unlike shades C and F which have continuous coatings.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI0314470-4A BR0314470B1 (pt) | 2002-09-06 | 2003-09-04 | aÇo de altÍssima resistÊncia mecÂnica, folha de aÇo e processo de fabricaÇço de uma folha de aÇo. |
| DE60317520T DE60317520T2 (de) | 2002-09-06 | 2003-09-04 | Ultrahochfester stahl und verfahren zur herstellung eines mit zink oder zinklegierung platierten stahlbleches |
| JP2004533567A JP2005538248A (ja) | 2002-09-06 | 2003-09-04 | 超高機械強度鋼材、および亜鉛または亜鉛合金で被覆したそのシートの作製方法 |
| EP03769565A EP1534869B1 (fr) | 2002-09-06 | 2003-09-04 | Acier a tres haute resistance mecanique et procede de fabrication d une feuille de cet acier revetue de zinc ou d alliag e de zinc |
| AU2003278256A AU2003278256A1 (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2003-09-04 | Very high mechanical strength steel and method for making a sheet thereof coated with zinc or zinc alloy |
| MXPA05002509A MXPA05002509A (es) | 2002-09-06 | 2003-09-04 | Acero de resistencia mecanica muy alta y procedimiento de fabricacion de una hoja de este acero revestida de zinc o de aleacion de zinc. |
| US10/526,378 US7976647B2 (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2003-09-04 | Very high mechanical strength steel and method for making a sheet thereof coated with zinc or zinc alloy |
| CA2497870A CA2497870C (fr) | 2002-09-06 | 2003-09-04 | Acier a tres haute resistance mecanique et procede de fabrication d'une feuille de cet acier revetue de zinc ou d'alliage de zinc |
| US13/112,195 US20110223441A1 (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2011-05-20 | Very high mechanical strength steel and method for producing a sheet of this steel coated with zinc or zinc alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0211040A FR2844281B1 (fr) | 2002-09-06 | 2002-09-06 | Acier a tres haute resistance mecanique et procede de fabrication d'une feuille de cet acier revetue de zinc ou d'alliage de zinc |
| FR02/11040 | 2002-09-06 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/112,195 Division US20110223441A1 (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2011-05-20 | Very high mechanical strength steel and method for producing a sheet of this steel coated with zinc or zinc alloy |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004022793A2 true WO2004022793A2 (fr) | 2004-03-18 |
| WO2004022793A3 WO2004022793A3 (fr) | 2004-05-06 |
Family
ID=31725879
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2003/002641 Ceased WO2004022793A2 (fr) | 2002-09-06 | 2003-09-04 | Acier a tres haute resistance mecanique et procede de fabrication d'une feuille de cet acier revetue de zinc ou d'alliage de zinc |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7976647B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1534869B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2005538248A (fr) |
| KR (2) | KR101072961B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN100422352C (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE378431T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2003278256A1 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR0314470B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2497870C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60317520T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2294334T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2844281B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MXPA05002509A (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2321667C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2004022793A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5272547B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-11 | 2013-08-28 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 降伏強度が低く、材質変動の小さい高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| EP2123786A1 (fr) | 2008-05-21 | 2009-11-25 | ArcelorMittal France | Procédé de fabrication de tôles d'aciers dual phase laminées à froid à trés haute résistance et tôles ainsi produites |
| KR20110123768A (ko) * | 2009-03-10 | 2011-11-15 | 닛신 세이코 가부시키가이샤 | 내용융금속취화균열성이 우수한 아연계 합금 도금 강재 |
| US9752221B2 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2017-09-05 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Steel sheet provided with hot dip galvanized layer excellent in plating wettability and plating adhesion and method of production of same |
| EP2762583B1 (fr) * | 2011-09-30 | 2018-11-07 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Tôle d'acier galvanisée à chaud à résistance élevée présentant une excellente résistance à la rupture retardée et son procédé de production |
| CN102796852B (zh) * | 2012-07-16 | 2014-07-02 | 鑫光热处理工业(昆山)有限公司 | 一种渗碳强化的等温淬火工件及加工方法 |
| CN103361560A (zh) * | 2013-07-03 | 2013-10-23 | 首钢总公司 | 一种冷轧热成型钢板及其生产方法 |
| WO2016001708A1 (fr) | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-07 | Arcelormittal | Procédé de production d'une tôle d'acier revêtue à haute résistance présentant une résistance, une aptitude au formage améliorées et tôle ainsi obtenue |
| WO2016020714A1 (fr) * | 2014-08-07 | 2016-02-11 | Arcelormittal | Procédé permettant de produire une tôle d'acier revêtue présentant une meilleure résistance, une meilleure ductilité et une meilleure aptitude au formage |
| WO2017109539A1 (fr) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-29 | Arcelormittal | Procédé de fabrication d'une tôle d'acier à haute résistance présentant une résistance et une formabilité améliorées et tôle d'acier à haute résistance obtenue par ce procédé |
| WO2017109542A1 (fr) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-29 | Arcelormittal | Procédé de fabrication d'une tôle d'acier à haute résistance présentant une ductilité et une formabilité améliorées et tôle d'acier obtenue par ce procédé |
| CN115216589A (zh) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-10-21 | 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 | 一种改善大厚度高强海洋工程用钢心部韧性的热处理方法 |
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-
2002
- 2002-09-06 FR FR0211040A patent/FR2844281B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-09-04 EP EP03769565A patent/EP1534869B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-04 KR KR1020057003841A patent/KR101072961B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-04 CA CA2497870A patent/CA2497870C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-04 WO PCT/FR2003/002641 patent/WO2004022793A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2003-09-04 JP JP2004533567A patent/JP2005538248A/ja active Pending
- 2003-09-04 AU AU2003278256A patent/AU2003278256A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-04 US US10/526,378 patent/US7976647B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-04 BR BRPI0314470-4A patent/BR0314470B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2003-09-04 AT AT03769565T patent/ATE378431T1/de active
- 2003-09-04 CN CNB038238403A patent/CN100422352C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-04 MX MXPA05002509A patent/MXPA05002509A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-09-04 RU RU2005109922/02A patent/RU2321667C2/ru active
- 2003-09-04 DE DE60317520T patent/DE60317520T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-04 ES ES03769565T patent/ES2294334T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-04 KR KR1020117018107A patent/KR20110102498A/ko not_active Ceased
-
2011
- 2011-05-20 US US13/112,195 patent/US20110223441A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20110223441A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
| FR2844281B1 (fr) | 2005-04-29 |
| AU2003278256A8 (en) | 2004-03-29 |
| US20060102256A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
| CA2497870C (fr) | 2012-01-31 |
| MXPA05002509A (es) | 2005-06-03 |
| RU2005109922A (ru) | 2005-09-10 |
| KR101072961B1 (ko) | 2011-10-12 |
| KR20110102498A (ko) | 2011-09-16 |
| AU2003278256A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 |
| DE60317520D1 (de) | 2007-12-27 |
| BR0314470A (pt) | 2005-07-26 |
| RU2321667C2 (ru) | 2008-04-10 |
| FR2844281A1 (fr) | 2004-03-12 |
| WO2004022793A3 (fr) | 2004-05-06 |
| ATE378431T1 (de) | 2007-11-15 |
| US7976647B2 (en) | 2011-07-12 |
| CA2497870A1 (fr) | 2004-03-18 |
| EP1534869A2 (fr) | 2005-06-01 |
| KR20050036990A (ko) | 2005-04-20 |
| ES2294334T3 (es) | 2008-04-01 |
| BR0314470B1 (pt) | 2013-02-19 |
| CN1688724A (zh) | 2005-10-26 |
| JP2005538248A (ja) | 2005-12-15 |
| CN100422352C (zh) | 2008-10-01 |
| EP1534869B1 (fr) | 2007-11-14 |
| DE60317520T2 (de) | 2008-10-16 |
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