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WO2004015041A1 - Combustible - Google Patents

Combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004015041A1
WO2004015041A1 PCT/IB2003/003209 IB0303209W WO2004015041A1 WO 2004015041 A1 WO2004015041 A1 WO 2004015041A1 IB 0303209 W IB0303209 W IB 0303209W WO 2004015041 A1 WO2004015041 A1 WO 2004015041A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustible fuel
maize cob
cob
compressed
unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2003/003209
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael John Guilfoyle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU2003249508A priority Critical patent/AU2003249508A1/en
Publication of WO2004015041A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004015041A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to combustible fuel.
  • the present invention relates to combustible fuel manufactured from a biomass resource, such as corn cobs, and a method of producing the combustible fuel.
  • Combustible fuels are widely used to generate heat for various uses, such as for combined heating and power or cooking.
  • fossil fuels such as coal are very efficient heat generators, they produce environmentally undesirable fumes and gasses during combustion. These gasses can also be absorbed in food that is being cooked and taken in by consumption. It is believed that these fumes may have certain harmful effects.
  • a combustible fuel that produces relatively small amounts of undesirable fumes and gasses.
  • Such a combustible fuel has been found to exist in biomass resources, such as in some forestry or agricultural residues.
  • a further advantage is that the biomass resources are normally readily available.
  • Johnston provides a high heating value, fuel pellet comprising from about 50 to about 99% by weight natural cellulose material and from about 1 to about 50% by weight synthetic polymeric thermoplastic material. Again, the use of plastics material leads to the formation of undesirable and environmentally unfriendly gaseous products during combustion.
  • a process for preparing combustible solid fuel from grain residue is disclosed by Paquette in US 4,314,825.
  • the process includes the steps of passing the grain residue through a pelletising zone wherein the residue is subjected to compaction pressure of greater than about 100 psi while passing live steam there through for a period sufficient to cause the in-situ cellulose to form a cohesive pelletised mass.
  • Paquette specifically teaches the use of grain residues obtained after milling of the grain and does not use biomass resources that are removed or discarded prior to the milling process.
  • a combustible fuel includes a compressed unit of particulate maize cob.
  • the maize cob may be selected from a group containing a corn cob, a yellow maize cob and a white maize cob.
  • the compressed unit may have been compressed to a density of between 0.25 to 1.5 g/cm 3 .
  • the compressed unit after combustion thereof has been completed, may produce a residue of less than 2% by mass.
  • the combustible fuel may include suitable ignition additives.
  • the combustible fuel may include a corn starch as a binding agent.
  • the combustible fuel may be adapted to be fully ignited within about seven minutes.
  • the compressed unit may have been pre-burned in an oxygen depleted atmosphere to form a charcoal.
  • the compressed unit may be provided in a disc, cylindrical or columnar pellet shape.
  • a combustible fuel includes a maize cob, which has been pre-burned in an oxygen depleted atmosphere to form a charcoal.
  • the maize cob may be selected from a group containing a corn cob, a yellow maize cob and a white maize cob.
  • the maize cob after combustion thereof has been completed, may produce a residue of less than 2% by mass.
  • the combustible fuel may include suitable ignition additives.
  • the combustible fuel may be adapted to be fully ignited within about seven minutes.
  • a method of manufacturing a combustible fuel unit includes the steps of crushing at least one maize cob; of dry mixing the crushed maize cob(s) with a binder to produce a combustible fuel mixture; and of compressing a volume of the combustible fuel mixture to form a combustible fuel unit.
  • the method may include the step of crushing the maize cob to a size of between 150 microns and 15 mm.
  • the method may include the step of adding a suitable ignition additive to the combustible fuel mixture.
  • the method may include the step of heating the combustible fuel mixture to reduce its moisture content.
  • the method may include the step of compressing the combustible fuel mixture under a pressure of between 35000 kPa and 176000 kPa.
  • the method may include the step of selecting the maize cob from a group containing a corn cob, a yellow maize cob and a white maize cob.
  • the invention extends to a method of generating heat using a combustible fuel as set out herein.
  • a compressed unit includes compressed maize cob particles.
  • the maize cob may be selected from a group containing a corn cob, a yellow maize cob and a white maize cob.
  • the maize cob particles may be compressed to a density of between 0.25 to 1.5 g/cm 3 .
  • the compressed unit may include a corn starch as a binding agent.
  • the compressed unit may be provided in a disc, cylindrical or columnar pellet shape.
  • a method of manufacturing a compressed unit includes the steps of crushing at least one maize cob; of dry mixing the crushed maize cob(s) with a binder to produce a mixture; and of compressing a volume of the mixture to form a compressed unit.
  • the method may include the step of crushing the maize cob(s) to a size of between 150 microns and 15 mm.
  • the method may include the step of heating the mixture to reduce its moisture content.
  • the method may include the step of compressing the mixture under a pressure of between 35000 kPa and 176000 kPa.
  • the method may include the selection of the maize cob from a group containing a corn cob, a yellow maize cob and a white maize cob.
  • Figure 1 a perspective view of a combustible fuel unit in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 2 a block diagram of a method of manufacturing a combustible fuel unit shown in Figure 1.
  • a combustible fuel unit in accordance with the invention is shown.
  • the combustible fuel unit 10 includes crushed or granulated particles 12 of maize cob.
  • the maize cob can be a corn cob, a yellow maize cob or a white maize cob, which is compressed into a pellet of desired shape, e.g. disc-shaped, cylindrical or columnar, to a density of between 0.25 to 1.5 g/cm 3 .
  • the particles 12 are held together in a matrix of binding agents, such as corn starch, and suitable ignition additives, for aiding in igniting the maize cob during use.
  • binding agents such as corn starch
  • ignition additives for aiding in igniting the maize cob during use.
  • the combustible fuel unit 10 is adapted to fully ignite within seven minutes. Furthermore, during combustion the combustible fuel unit 10 produces less than 3 minutes smoke emission during a period of 30 minutes. The mass loss on ignition for the fuel unit 10 was measured as being 99.2%.
  • Biomass fuels are characterized by their moisture content, density, apparent density, and what is called the "Proximate and Ultimate analyses". They can be burned directly for heat or to make steam for power.
  • the "proximate” analysis gives moisture content, volatile content (when heated to 950°C), the free carbon remaining at that point, the ash (mineral) in the sample and the high heating value (HHV) based on the complete combustion of the sample to carbon dioxide and liquid water.
  • the low heating value, LHV gives the heat released when the hydrogen is burned to gaseous water, corresponding to most heating applications.
  • the average calorific value of the un- charred particles is about 15.2 MJ/kg.
  • the charred combustible fuel unit 10 has a lower heating value of 23.830 MJ/kg, which is similar in value to the lower heating values as received (LHV at ) of charcoal, which is 23.711 MJ/kg, and that of coal, which is 26.621 MJ/kg.
  • the combustible fuel unit 10 is consumed by about 98% by mass during combustion and produces an ash residue of less than 2% by mass after combustion is completed.
  • An analysis of the residue after combustion of a combustible fuel unit 10 showed the results in Table 3: Table 3
  • the method 14 includes a first step 16 wherein a maize cob is crushed to a size of between 150 microns and 15 millimetres. Thereafter in the step indicated by numeral 18 the crushed maize cob is dry mixed with a binder to produce a combustible fuel mixture. Additional additives, such as ignition additives, can be added to the mixture at this time.
  • This combustible fuel mixture is heated if required, as shown in an intermediate step 20, to reduce its overall moisture content to less than 12%.
  • step 22 a volume the combustible fuel mixture is compressed to form the combustible fuel unit 10.
  • a pressure of between 35000 and 176000 kPa is applied to ensure that a solid combustible fuel unit 10 having a density of between 0.25 and 1.5 g/cm 3 s obtained.
  • the combustible fuel unit 10 can be formed into a charcoal briquette by burning the combustible fuel unit 10 in an oxygen depleted atmosphere to form a charcoal, so that many of the impurities are removed and leaving a structure consisting mainly of carbon.
  • the combustible fuel unit 10 can alternatively include a complete corn cob, which is turned into charcoal by burning it in an oxygen depleted atmosphere, so that many of the impurities are removed and leaving a structure consisting mainly of carbon.
  • the combustible fuel unit 10 can thereafter be burned to generate heat, such as in cooking, heating, power, and combined heating and power.
  • heat such as in cooking, heating, power, and combined heating and power.
  • the combustible fuel unit 10 is made of maize cob, very few environmentally undesirable fumes are produced. Also, as the combustible fuel unit 10 is almost completely consumed during combustion, very little waste is produced.
  • the combustible fuel unit 10 can be provided in any colour, e.g. for providing aesthetically more appealing colours than the normal black briquette currently commercially available.
  • a further advantage of the invention lies in the easier ability to transport waste com cob material as the compressed corn cob occupies much less space than a whole corn cob.
  • the corn cob can be crushed as described above and palletised with the binding agent into pellets of disc, cylindrical or columnar shape. If only space saving is required and no combustion of the pellet is envisioned, then the ignition additives will be omitted from the compressed maize cob.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une unité comprimée de rafle de maïs écrasée, notamment une rafle de maïs blanc ou jaune ainsi que son procédé de fabrication. L'unité comprimée peut servir pour transporter efficacement les rafles de maïs ou comme combustible, qui laisse moins de 2 % de résidus par masse après sa combustion complète.
PCT/IB2003/003209 2002-08-12 2003-08-08 Combustible Ceased WO2004015041A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003249508A AU2003249508A1 (en) 2002-08-12 2003-08-08 Combustible fuel

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA200206382 2002-08-12
ZA2002/6382 2002-08-12
ZA2002/7407 2002-09-16
ZA200207407 2002-09-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004015041A1 true WO2004015041A1 (fr) 2004-02-19

Family

ID=31720789

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2003/003209 Ceased WO2004015041A1 (fr) 2002-08-12 2003-08-08 Combustible

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2003249508A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004015041A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008036605A3 (fr) * 2006-09-18 2008-09-18 Cargill Inc Pastilles de combustible
KR101147408B1 (ko) * 2009-11-09 2012-05-22 조현도 훈제용 고체연료 및 그 제조방법
EP2176061A4 (fr) * 2007-07-18 2012-05-30 E3Bioenergy Llc Super compactage de biomasse et d'autres matériaux contenant du carbone en combustibles à haute teneur énergétique

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2499096A1 (fr) * 1981-02-03 1982-08-06 Agri En Produit combustible fabrique a base de dechets et/ou sous-produits et/ou productions agricoles non utilisees ou mal valorisees a fort pouvoir calorifique
FR2642434A1 (fr) * 1989-01-31 1990-08-03 Humbert Benedicte Buche reconstituee
RO107916B1 (ro) * 1990-05-02 1994-01-31 Prelucrare Mase Plastice Buzau Procedeu de obținere a cărbunilor activi, din celolignină

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2499096A1 (fr) * 1981-02-03 1982-08-06 Agri En Produit combustible fabrique a base de dechets et/ou sous-produits et/ou productions agricoles non utilisees ou mal valorisees a fort pouvoir calorifique
FR2642434A1 (fr) * 1989-01-31 1990-08-03 Humbert Benedicte Buche reconstituee
RO107916B1 (ro) * 1990-05-02 1994-01-31 Prelucrare Mase Plastice Buzau Procedeu de obținere a cărbunilor activi, din celolignină

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class E36, AN 1995-034177/05 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008036605A3 (fr) * 2006-09-18 2008-09-18 Cargill Inc Pastilles de combustible
EP2176061A4 (fr) * 2007-07-18 2012-05-30 E3Bioenergy Llc Super compactage de biomasse et d'autres matériaux contenant du carbone en combustibles à haute teneur énergétique
US9713908B2 (en) 2007-07-18 2017-07-25 E3Bioenergy, Llc Super compaction of biomass and other carbon-containing materials to high energy content fuels
KR101147408B1 (ko) * 2009-11-09 2012-05-22 조현도 훈제용 고체연료 및 그 제조방법

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003249508A1 (en) 2004-02-25

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