WO2004011573A1 - Method for separating oil from substance containing oil and equipment for use therein - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for separating oil from a substance containing oil characterized by comprising, under a state where a shock wave is generated by a superheated steam flow of Mach 1-2 the steps of supplying, a substance containing oil to that flow in order to crush the substance containing oil by heat of the superheated steam and the shock wave, and separating the vaporization components containing oil from the residue. An oil separator comprising a nozzle for generating a superheated steam flow, and an opening located on the inside of the flow and supplying the substance containing oil directly into the flow. Since heat of the superheated steam and the shock wave are transmitted efficiently to the substance containing oil when it is supplied to a flow of Mach 1-2, the substance containing oil is atomized to increase the surface area thus accelerating vaporization of oil components.

Description

 Specification

 Method of separating oil from oleaginous substances and equipment used therefor Technical field>

 The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for separating oil from oil-containing substances. More specifically, it belongs to the technical field of a method and an apparatus for collecting a useful oil from oil-containing substances such as oil sludge and oil sand.

<Background technology>

Conventionally, treatment of oil-containing substances such as oil sludge and oil sand has been a problem. Oil sludge is oil-laden mud formed by the precipitation of impurities contained in crude oil at the bottom of crude oil tankers and crude oil storage tanks. Oil sand refers to oil sand infiltrated into tuff mainly composed of silica (Sio ₂ ), and its reserves are said to be comparable to the amount of crude oil excavated since its history. . In addition, as oil-containing substances, there are known silicon sludge generated when a silicon ingot is sliced and cut in a semiconductor manufacturing process, and oil-impregnated abrasive sludge generated in an automobile manufacturing process. It is desirable to extract and effectively utilize these oil-containing substances from the viewpoint of resource and environmental protection. However, in the case of oil sludge, for example, only treatment and incineration by centrifugal separators are being carried out, and some of them are illegally dumped into the ocean due to the limited processing capacity. However, serious problems such as air pollution and marine pollution were caused.

 As for the above-mentioned oil-containing substances, a method of separating oil and solids by a drying treatment or a fractionation treatment has been attempted, but has a disadvantage that the equipment is large and the cost is high. In addition, there was a problem that there was a possibility of ignition during the process of vaporizing the oil.

Therefore, the present inventor has developed a new oil separation apparatus and method which have little problem of ignition and is inexpensive, and has already disclosed it in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-149792. I have. In other words, the above publication contains A treatment layer having an injection space for injecting supersonic superheated steam to the oil-containing substance to be injected, separation means for separating a vaporized substance and a solid substance obtained by injection in the injection space, A condensing means for condensing a substance to recover an oil component is disclosed. However, no specific means for improving the efficiency of oil separation and the safety of the equipment have been proposed yet, and there is room for improvement. Other technologies for treating oil-containing substances with superheated steam as described above include, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,687,569, Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 544-1322, and Japanese Patent Publication Sho 56 -45, 517, Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-90240, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-212,688, Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-169589, etc. However, these methods simply use the high heat of superheated steam to vaporize the oil component.Therefore, these methods have problems such as low oil separation efficiency and long processing time, and are not suitable for practical use. Was insufficient.

 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for separating oil from an oil-containing substance, which is low in cost and has higher safety, and an apparatus used therefor, in view of the above conventional situation.

 Another object of the present invention is to provide an oil separation method capable of extracting oil from an oil-containing substance with high efficiency, and an apparatus used for the method. <Disclosure of Invention>

 In order to solve the above problems, the oil separation method of the present invention provides an oil-containing substance to a shock wave generated by the flow of superheated steam at Mach 1 to 2, and supplies heat to the heat of the superheated steam and the shock wave. In this method, the oil-containing substance is pulverized and separated into oil-containing vaporized components and residues.

 In addition, the oil separation device of the present invention includes a nozzle for generating a flow of superheated steam, and a supply port provided inside the flow for directly supplying the oil-containing substance into the flow. It is characterized by.

<Brief description of drawings> FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment (1) of an oil separation device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment (2) of the oil separation device of the present invention. <Best mode for carrying out the invention>

 The method for separating oil from an oil-containing substance of the present invention comprises the steps of: first, in a state where a shock wave is generated by the flow of superheated water vapor at Mach 1-2, supplying an oil-containing substance to the stream, And crushing the oil-containing substance by the shock wave to separate into a vaporized component containing oil and a residue.

 According to this configuration, the heat of the superheated steam and the shock wave are efficiently transmitted to the oil-impregnated substance by supplying the oil-impregnated substance to the flow of Mach 1-2, and as a result, the oil-impregnated substance is miniaturized and the surface area is increased. Oil vaporization is promoted. Here, a shock wave is a kind of discontinuous surface that travels along the flow of superheated steam and rapidly increases in pressure and density. The oil-impregnated substance is instantaneously pulverized as it crosses the discontinuous surface, and the high temperature of the superheated steam is added.

However, the oil content of the oil-containing substance evaporates rapidly. The vaporized components including oil are appropriately condensed and used effectively.

 Further, the present invention is characterized in that in the above oil separation method, the temperature of the superheated steam is 400 ° C. or higher at a point where the oil-containing substance is supplied.

 According to this configuration, the temperature of the superheated steam is optimized in order to efficiently separate the oil component and minimize the amount of the oil component remaining in one residue. Further, the present invention is characterized in that the above oil separation method is performed under a pressure atmosphere higher than the atmospheric pressure.

 According to this configuration, since oxygen does not enter the system for treating the oil-containing substance from the outside, there is no possibility of ignition and safety is enhanced.

Further, the present invention relates to an apparatus for use in the oil separation method as described above, wherein a nozzle for generating a flow of superheated steam, and an oil-containing substance provided inside the flow are provided in the flow. Supply port for direct supply An oil separation device is provided.

 According to this configuration, the oil-containing substance is directly injected into the flow of the superheated steam by a screw feeder, a pump, or the like, and is immediately crushed and vaporized to efficiently separate the oil component.

 Further, the present invention is characterized in that, in the above oil separation device, the position of the supply port is a position of 30 to 50% as a distance from a peripheral edge of the flow with respect to a diameter of the flow of the superheated steam.

 According to this configuration, the flow of the superheated steam is not disturbed, and the shock wave energy is efficiently transmitted to the oil-containing substance. Also, the supplied oil-containing substance does not stay in the vicinity of the supply port, and is completely pulverized and vaporized.

 Further, the present invention provides the above oil separation device, wherein the supply port is provided from a nozzle.

It is characterized by being provided within 25 O mm.

 According to this configuration, the position of the supply port in the direction along the flow of the superheated steam is specified so that the shock wave energy due to the flow of the superheated steam is sufficiently transmitted to the oil-containing substance.

 Further, the present invention is characterized in that, in the above oil separation device, the nozzle has a diameter of 10 to 2 O ram.

 According to this configuration, the nozzle diameter is optimized in order to generate the flow of superheated steam of Mach 1-2.

 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

 1 and 2 show an embodiment (1) of an oil separation device of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the oil separator 1 is located inside a treatment tank 10, a nozzle 13 for generating a stream 12 of superheated steam 11, and an inside of a stream 12. And a supply port 15 for directly supplying the oil-containing substance 14 into the stream 12.

The extraction of oil from the oil-containing substance 14 is performed as follows. That is, first, superheated steam 11 is injected at a high speed from the nozzle 13, and the shock wave S is generated with the flow 12 controlled at a speed of 1 to 2. In that state, if the oleaginous substance 14 flows directly from the supply port 15 into the flow 12 Due to the shock wave S and heat generated by the steam 11, the oil-containing substance 14 is immediately crushed while being blown off. Therefore, the surface area of the oil-containing substance 14 increases, and the oil component evaporates rapidly. As a result, the oleaginous substance 14 is quickly separated into the vaporized component 16 containing oil and the residue 17.

 The superheated steam flow 12 needs to be controlled to Mach 1-2. If the Mach is less than 1, shock waves S are not generated, and the oil-containing substance 14 cannot be pulverized.

 The oil-containing substance 14 to be treated is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance impregnated or mixed with oil, and can be applied in either a solid state or a liquid state. Specific examples include oil sludge that accumulates at the bottom of crude oil tankers and oil storage tanks, oil sand that has infiltrated oil into tuff, silicon sludge that is a by-product in the semiconductor manufacturing process, and oil-containing abrasive sludge that is generated in the automobile manufacturing process. , Orinoco tar, oil-containing substances around oil wells, and mixtures thereof. Further, as a means for supplying the oil-containing substance 14, a conventionally known means can be appropriately selected and used. For example, when the oleaginous substance 14 is in a solid state, a screw feeder or the like is preferably used. The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is applicable to various oil-containing substances, and the supply means is not particularly limited. Among them, a case where a liquid oil-containing substance is supplied using a pump or the like is described. This is an example that is suitably adopted.

 Superheated steam 11 can be obtained by further heating (superheat) steam obtained by a boiler or the like to several hundred degrees Celsius. As means for overheating, for example, a method of heating steam through a heat exchanger with a wrench, or applying a high-frequency magnetic flux to a heating element such as metal, ceramic, or cermet, and generating heat by Joule heat due to eddy current inside the heating element A method in which the body is heated and steam is passed therethrough can be used as appropriate.

It is desirable that the inside of the processing tank 10 be adjusted so as to be under a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure by injecting superheated steam 11. In this way, no oxygen or the like is mixed into the processing tank 10 from the outside, and The safety of the device is very high because there is no possibility of ignition of substance 14. In conventional techniques such as fractionation, if fractionation is performed at 400 ° C or higher, the carbon chain of the oil is cut off.For components with a boiling point of 400 ° C or higher, the pressure in the fractionation tower is reduced. Lowering the boiling point. For this reason, there is a problem that the possibility of oxygen contamination from the outside cannot be excluded, but the present invention can ensure high safety.

 The temperature of the superheated steam 11 is not particularly limited, but it should be at least 400 ° C, particularly at least 500 ° C, in the vicinity of the supply port 15 which comes into contact with the oil-containing substance 14. Is preferred. If the temperature is lower than 400 ° C, the oil is not sufficiently vaporized and separated from the oil-containing substance 14, and a considerable amount of the oil remains in the residue 17, which is not suitable. When the temperature is 500 ° C. or more, the oil separation rate reaches 9.9% or more, depending on the type of the oil-containing substance 14. It was confirmed that tar and the like were sufficiently vaporized with superheated steam at 400 ° C., even though the boiling point was 400 ° C. or higher. This is thought to be due to the effect of the addition of shock wave energy together with the heat of the superheated steam.

As shown in Fig. 2, if the supply port 15 is opened in the same direction (downward) as the direction of gravity, the supplied oil-containing substance 14 immediately contacts the superheated steam 11 and is blown off. It is preferable because there is no stagnation in the vicinity of 5. In other words, if the supply port is open, for example, in the opposite direction (upward) to that in Fig. 2, the flow of superheated steam is disturbed near the supply port, and the oil-containing substance drips down along the periphery of the supply port. , Tend to accumulate below. Therefore, it is necessary to clean the area around the supply port regularly, which is not preferable because the maintenance is poor. The diameter b of the supply port can be set as appropriate, but generally, it is appropriate to set the diameter to about 10 to 3 O mm. The position of the supply port 15 is preferably 30 to 50% as a distance W from the periphery of the stream 12 to the diameter A of the stream 12 of the superheated steam. This is particularly important when a liquid oil-containing substance is supplied by means such as a pump. If it is less than 30%, the oil-containing substance 14 and the superheated steam 11 do not sufficiently contact each other, and the oil separation efficiency tends to decrease. If it is more than 50%, the flow of superheated steam 12 tends to be turbulent, and as a result, the supplied oleaginous substance 14 is not crushed, but stays near the supply port 15 and the shock wave energy is reduced. However, it is not preferable because the efficiency is lowered.

 Further, the supply port 15 is preferably provided at a position where the distance L from the nozzle 13 is within 250 mm, preferably within 50 mm. This is particularly important when a solid oil-containing substance is supplied by a screw feeder or the like. If it is larger than 25 O mm, the flow of superheated steam 12 tends to diffuse, and the energy of the shock wave also becomes small, so that the oil-containing substance 14 cannot be sufficiently crushed and vaporized, which is not suitable.

 In general, it is preferable that the nozzle 13 has a shape that becomes thinner toward the tip. The diameter a of the nozzle 13 is not particularly limited, but is preferably set to 10 to 20 mm.

 The vaporized component 16 containing oil and the residue 17 are appropriately introduced into a device such as a cyclone 18 or a pug filter as shown in FIG. 1 and separately separated and collected. Further, the vaporized component 16 containing oil is recovered as oil through processes such as condensation and oil-water separation.

 Further, the water obtained by the oil-water separation can be reused as a raw material of the superheated steam 11, or can be reused as cooling water in the condensation step.

Next, an embodiment (2) of the present invention is shown in FIG. FIG. 3 shows a cross section of a cylindrical cyclone 18. In the above embodiment (1), the vaporized component 16 containing oil separated from the oil-containing substance 14 and the residue 17 are blown off by the stream of superheated steam 12, and the next step, cyclone 18 In this embodiment (2), unlike the above embodiment (1), a nozzle 13 for injecting superheated steam 11 into the inner wall of the cyclone 18 cylinder, A supply port 15 for the oil-containing substance 14 is provided. Then, when performing oil separation, a flow 12 of superheated steam 11 is generated along the inner circumference of the cyclone 18, and the oil-containing material 14 By supplying the oil, the oil-containing substance 14 is directly crushed and vaporized in the cylinder of the cyclone 18 to separate the oil-containing vaporized component 16 and the residue 17. Other configurations are the same as those in the above embodiment (1). The device according to this embodiment (2) is particularly suitably adopted when the solid oil-containing substance 14 is supplied by a screw feeder or the like.

 The oil recovered by the above method is vaporized instantaneously (within a few seconds) by the shock wave energy and the heat of the superheated steam 11 in the separation process from the oil-containing substance 14, so that no thermal denaturation occurs. High quality. Therefore, it can be effectively used for various purposes. In addition, the residue 17 generated with oil usually has an oil content of 0.3% or less, and satisfies the standard of 1% or less, which is a level that does not affect the return to the natural world. Therefore, it can be said that it is preferable from the viewpoint of environmental protection. <Industrial applicability>

 As described above, in the oil separation method of the present invention, since the oil-containing substance is supplied to the flow of the superheated water vapor controlled at a speed of Mach 1 to 2, the heat and the shock wave of the superheated steam are effectively transmitted to the oil-containing substance. As a result, the efficiency of oil separation is high, and it has excellent industrial applicability. At that time, since the pressure inside the system is higher than the atmospheric pressure, oxygen that causes ignition is eliminated, and safety is extremely high.

 Further, the oil separation device of the present invention can effectively transfer the shock wave energy of the flow of the superheated steam to the oil-containing substance by specifying the position with respect to the nozzle, thereby improving the oil separation processing efficiency. it can.

 Further, the apparatus and method of the present invention can be implemented at low cost. The extracted oil is of high quality and can be effectively used for various purposes. Therefore, the present invention contributes to resource and environmental protection.

Claims

The scope of the claims 1. In a state where a shock wave is generated by the flow of superheated steam of Mach 1-2, an oil-containing substance is supplied to the stream, and the oil-containing substance is pulverized by the heat of the superheated steam and the shock wave to vaporize oil. A method for separating oil from an oil-containing substance, wherein the method separates the oil into components and residues.  2. The method for separating oil from an oil-containing substance according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the superheated steam is 400 ° C. or higher at a point where the oil-containing substance is supplied. 3. A method for separating oil from an oil-containing substance, wherein the method for separating oil according to claim 1 or 2 is performed in an atmosphere at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. 4. An apparatus for use in the oil separation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a nozzle for generating a flow of superheated steam and an oil-containing substance are provided so as to be located inside the flow, and the oil-containing substance is supplied in the flow. And a supply port for directly supplying the oil to the oil-containing substance.  5. An apparatus used in the oil separation method according to claim 3, wherein the nozzle is configured to generate a flow of superheated steam, and the oil-containing substance is provided inside the flow so that the oil-containing substance is included in the flow. A device for separating oil from oil-containing substances, comprising a supply port for directly supplying oil. 6. The oil separation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the position of the supply port is a position of 30 to 50% as a distance from a peripheral edge of the flow with respect to a diameter of the flow of the superheated steam. A device for separating oil from substances.  7. The oil separation apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the position of the supply port is a position of 30 to 50% as a distance from the peripheral edge of the flow with respect to the diameter of the flow of the superheated steam. A device for separating oil from substances. 8. The oil separation device according to claim 4, wherein the supply port is connected to the nozzle. An oil separation device for separating oil-containing substances, which is provided within 250 mm.  9. The oil separation device according to claim 5, wherein the supply port is provided within 250 mm from the nozzle.  10. The oil separation device according to claim 6, wherein the supply port is provided within 250 mm from the nozzle.  1 1. The oil separating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the supply port is provided within 250 mm from the nozzle.  1 2. The oil separation device according to claim 4, wherein the diameter of the nozzle is 10 to 2 Omm.  1 3. The oil separating apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the diameter of the nozzle is 10 to 20 mm.  1 4. The oil separating apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the diameter of the nozzle is 10 to 2 Omm.  1 5. The oil separation device according to claim 7, wherein the nozzle has a diameter of 10 to 2 Omm. 1 6. The oil separating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the nozzle has a diameter of 10 to 2 Omm.  17. The oil separating apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the nozzle has a diameter of 10 to 2 Omm.  1 8. The oil separating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the nozzle has a diameter of 10 to 2 Omm. 1 9. The oil separation device according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle diameter is 1 An oil separation device for separating oil-containing substances having a size of ~ 20 mm.