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WO2004010747A1 - Plasmatron pour la pulverisation de revetements - Google Patents

Plasmatron pour la pulverisation de revetements Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2004010747A1
WO2004010747A1 PCT/UA2003/000014 UA0300014W WO2004010747A1 WO 2004010747 A1 WO2004010747 A1 WO 2004010747A1 UA 0300014 W UA0300014 W UA 0300014W WO 2004010747 A1 WO2004010747 A1 WO 2004010747A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cathode
unit
anode
plasmatron
casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/UA2003/000014
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Konstyantyn Yushchenko
Yuriy Borysov
Sergiy Voynarovych
Oleksandr Fomakin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION INTERM
Original Assignee
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION INTERM
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION INTERM filed Critical INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION INTERM
Publication of WO2004010747A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004010747A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc

Definitions

  • the claimed device relates to design of electric arc plasmatrons for spraying of coatings, and can find application in various industries for deposition of wear- and corrosion- and heat-resistant, bioceramic, decorative and' other types of coatings .
  • plasmatrons for spraying of coatings composed of cathode and anode units as well as a cooling system (V. S . Klubnikin, Plasma Devices for Deposition of Coatings, Izv. SO AN SSSR, Series of Engineering Sciences, 1983, No. ' 13, V. 3, P. 82-92) .
  • the prior art device is the plasmatron for spraying of coatings using a laminar plasma jet (U.S.
  • Patent 5733662 which comprises a cathode unit with a rod cathode coaxially installed inside a tube for feeding the plasma gas, external cathode unit consisting of a flat anode plate located between two cooled plates connected to each other by means of a fastening bolt with the possibility of being moved along the axis normal to the cathode axis using an adjusting screw, nozzle for feeding the shielding gas, and unit for feeding powder to the plasma jet in a gap between the cathode unit end and the anode plate.
  • Disadvantages of the prior art electric arc plasmatron for spraying of coatings are as follows: there is no possibility of varying the inter-electrode gap, which does not allow power of the plasmatron to be regulated through varying the arc voltage; the system used for cooling the anode is too complicated and insufficiently efficient because of contact heat removal, this affecting the service life of the anode; replacement of a tubular element in the given design of the cathode unit, wherein its nozzle part is a fast wearing point due to erosion, is very labor-consuming; weight of the given design of the cathode unit is very heavy, which adds to the weight of the device and makes it less , convenient for performing manual spraying operations; the use of a pilot arc in operation of the plasmatron and the associated presence of voltage at the tubular element of the cathode unit make the design more complicated and less electrically safe.
  • the target of the claimed device is to improve the electric arc plasmatron for spraying of coatings using a laminar plasma jet, wherein modification of design of the cathode and anode units enables the arc voltage to be varied, including directly during operation, operational reliability to be improved and maintenance of the plasmatron to be made more convenient.
  • the above target is achieved owing to the fact that in the plasmatron for spraying of coatings using a laminar plasma jet, comprising an insulating casing that houses the cathode unit consisting of the rod cathode and nozzle part composed of the nozzle for formation of the plasma jet and nozzle for feeding of the shielding gas, which are coaxially installed at the cathode unit through an insulating sleeve and insulator, the cathode unit being connected to the service unit which includes a water-supplying casing, gas-supplying casing and current-conducting elements, the external anode unit consisting of a casing and a water-cooled anode is made L- shaped and installed with the possibility of being moved along the cathode axis and the possibility of being turned about this axis, the anode of the external anode unit and nozzle for formation of the plasma jet of the cathode unit being made removable.
  • the removable anode can be fitted with an insert made from an erosion-resistant alloy.
  • the cathode can be installed with the possibility of being moved along its axis during operation of the plasmatron.
  • the external anode unit is installed in a split insulating sleeve, and the free end of the external anode unit is fixed in a threaded sleeve, e.g. by means of pins, both sleeves being fixed in the plasmatron casing.
  • the claimed device offers the possibility of varying the inter-electrode gap (cathode - anode) during operation through making the cathode and anode move, this leading to increase in voltage and, therefore, increase in power of the jet. Besides, if the increase is achieved through moving the anode, this leads to increase in length of the external high-temperature region from the exit section of the nozzle to the anode spot. This makes it possible to extend the time during which a spray material dwells in the highest-temperature region of the jet, thus allowing deposition of refractory materials.
  • the possibility of moving the cathode along its axis during operation allows wear of the cathode to be compensated for, thus leaving energy characteristics of the jet unchanged, and the risk of arc twinning (shunting) to be avoided.
  • the existing design of the anode allows it to be made from different materials, including refractory and erosion- resistant ones, while direct cooling (instead of contact heat removal) enables its wear to be decreased and, therefore, its service life to be extended, as well as the risk of contamination of a coating with the anode wear products to be reduced.
  • the plasmatron is equipped with the easy-to-replace electric plasma-shaping nozzles. Simplicity of their manufacture and replacement reduces the cost and time of maintenance of this design of the plasmatron.
  • Fig. 1 shows the plasmatron for spraying of coatings using a laminar plasma jet
  • the plasmatron has insulating casing 1 with the cathode unit, nozzle unit and service unit installed coaxially in its upper part, and the anode unit located in its lower part.
  • the service unit includes a water-supplying casing, gas-supplying casing and current-conducting elements.
  • the cathode unit comprises coaxially installed electrode 2, collet 3, collet casing 4 and first insulating sleeve 5.
  • the cathode unit is connected via thread to the service unit which includes water-supplying casing 6, gas-removing casing 7 and current-conducting collet ring 8.
  • the service unit is connected via second insulating sleeve 9 to the nozzle unit, thus providing uninterrupted supply and removal of water to the nozzle.
  • the nozzle unit includes coaxially installed plasma-shaping removable nozzle 10, nozzle unit casing 11 and shielding gas nozzle 12.
  • the anode unit Located in the lower part of the insulating casing is the anode unit, which is composed of coaxially located L-shaped casing 13, split insulating sleeve 14, threaded sleeve 15, clamping nut 16, removable anode 17 and fixing pins 18.
  • the external anode is L-shaped and installed with the possibility of longitudinally moving it along the cathode axis and turning about this axis.
  • the upper edge of removable anode 17 is located at distance L equal to 0.5-1.5 mm from the cathode axis.
  • the minimum distance is related to diameter of the plasma jet and provides avoidance of leakage of the jet to the anode edge, which creates the risk of turbulization of the jet and enhanced erosion of the anode edge.
  • the maximum distance is set such that the arc stability is ensured and the risk of arc twinning is reduced.
  • Electrode 2 and removable nozzle 10 make it possible to vary power of the plasma jet, while variations in distance between electrode 2 and the external anode make it possible to vary both power and length of the plasma jet.
  • the maximum approach of the external anode and electrode to each other enables ignition of the plasma arc to be done without the need to use the pilot arc. Therefore, the nozzle part is electrically neutral, which reduces the risk of arc twinning.
  • the external anode can be turned manually about the axis of casing 1 together with the split insulating tube by preliminarily releasing the screw in the plasmatron casing. This enables the working surface of the anode to be fully utilized and makes maintenance of the plasmatron in replacement of the nozzle much simpler.
  • Principle of operation of the device is as follows. Feeding of water to the plasmatron cooling system is switched on. Water flows through the nozzle unit and cools it down.
  • the cathode unit electrode and external anode are drawn to each other as much as possible by turning collet casing 4 and threaded sleeve 15. Feeding of plasma and shielding gases is switched on.
  • the plasma gas is fed through the cathode unit to removable plasma-shaping nozzle 10, and then is directed through the nozzle channel outward to the external anode.
  • the shielding gas is fed through water-supplying casing 6, second insulating sleeve 9 and nozzle unit casing 11 to shielding gas nozzle cavity 12 to form the annular jet surrounding the plasma jet.
  • the arc between the tip of electrode 2 and the upper edge of removable anode 17 is ignited. This leads to ionization of the plasma gas and formation of the plasma jet. Power and length of the plasma jet are controlled through varying position of the external anode unit relative to removable nozzle 10 by turning threaded sleeve 15, and position of electrode 2 relative to removable nozzle 10 by turning collet casing 4. A spray material is fed to the plasma jet through the device for spraying of coatings.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un plasmatron à arc électrique pour la pulvérisation de revêtements au moyen d'un jet de plasma laminaire comportant le boîtier d'isolation (1) qui renferme une unité cathodique constituée d'une cathode en forme d'une tige (2) et une portion d'ajutage constituée de l'ajutage (10) pour la formation du jet de plasma et de l'ajutage (12) pour l'alimentation du gaz de protection disposée de manière coaxiale au niveau de l'unité cathodique à travers le manchon d'isolation (5) et un isolant (9), l'unité cathodique étant reliée à une unité d'alimentation comportant le boîtier d'alimentation en eau (6), le boîtier d'alimentation en gaz (7) et les éléments de conduction de courant (8), et une unité anodique externe constituée d'un boîtier (13) et d'une anode refroidie à l'eau (17). L'unité anodique externe présente une forme en L et est installée de manière à pouvoir être déplacée selon l'axe de la cathode et de manière à pouvoir être entraînée en rotation autour de cet axe, l'anode de l'unité anodique externe et l'ajutage destiné à la formation du jet de plasma de l'unité cathodique étant agencés à être amovibles. Le dispositif de l'invention permet de varier la tension de l'arc, y compris directement pendant l'opération, l'amélioration de la fiabilité opérationnelle et facilite l'entretien du plasmatron grâce à la modification du modèle des unités anodique et cathodique.
PCT/UA2003/000014 2002-07-19 2003-04-25 Plasmatron pour la pulverisation de revetements Ceased WO2004010747A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
UA2002076032 2002-07-19
UA2002076032 2002-07-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004010747A1 true WO2004010747A1 (fr) 2004-01-29

Family

ID=34391302

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/UA2003/000014 Ceased WO2004010747A1 (fr) 2002-07-19 2003-04-25 Plasmatron pour la pulverisation de revetements

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2004010747A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2401477C2 (ru) * 2008-03-14 2010-10-10 Анатолий Евгеньевич Волков Способ волкова для производства химически активных металлов и использование вертикально-стационарного плазматрона - "всп"
CN102271451A (zh) * 2010-06-03 2011-12-07 成都阳流科技发展有限公司 一种层流电弧等离子体发生器的阴极结构

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4338509A (en) * 1980-04-25 1982-07-06 Vysoka Skola Chemicko-Technologicka Process of and apparatus for producing a homogeneous radially confined plasma stream
US4642440A (en) * 1984-11-13 1987-02-10 Schnackel Jay F Semi-transferred arc in a liquid stabilized plasma generator and method for utilizing the same
US5733662A (en) * 1994-09-26 1998-03-31 Plas Plasma, Ltd. Method for depositing a coating onto a substrate by means of thermal spraying and an apparatus for carrying out said method
RU2152560C2 (ru) * 1997-03-14 2000-07-10 Дзе Линкольн Электрик Компани Плазменно-дуговая горелка

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4338509A (en) * 1980-04-25 1982-07-06 Vysoka Skola Chemicko-Technologicka Process of and apparatus for producing a homogeneous radially confined plasma stream
US4642440A (en) * 1984-11-13 1987-02-10 Schnackel Jay F Semi-transferred arc in a liquid stabilized plasma generator and method for utilizing the same
US5733662A (en) * 1994-09-26 1998-03-31 Plas Plasma, Ltd. Method for depositing a coating onto a substrate by means of thermal spraying and an apparatus for carrying out said method
RU2152560C2 (ru) * 1997-03-14 2000-07-10 Дзе Линкольн Электрик Компани Плазменно-дуговая горелка

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2401477C2 (ru) * 2008-03-14 2010-10-10 Анатолий Евгеньевич Волков Способ волкова для производства химически активных металлов и использование вертикально-стационарного плазматрона - "всп"
CN102271451A (zh) * 2010-06-03 2011-12-07 成都阳流科技发展有限公司 一种层流电弧等离子体发生器的阴极结构

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