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WO2004007067A1 - Composition pour reduire l'evaporation sur des sites terrestres et d'eau libre - Google Patents

Composition pour reduire l'evaporation sur des sites terrestres et d'eau libre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004007067A1
WO2004007067A1 PCT/CA2002/001071 CA0201071W WO2004007067A1 WO 2004007067 A1 WO2004007067 A1 WO 2004007067A1 CA 0201071 W CA0201071 W CA 0201071W WO 2004007067 A1 WO2004007067 A1 WO 2004007067A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
composition
constituent
higher fatty
constituents
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA2002/001071
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert Neville O'brien
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU2002368074A priority Critical patent/AU2002368074A1/en
Priority to PCT/CA2002/001071 priority patent/WO2004007067A1/fr
Publication of WO2004007067A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004007067A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/16—Preventing evaporation or oxidation of non-metallic liquids by applying a floating layer, e.g. of microballoons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax

Definitions

  • the field of the present invention is that of water conservation measures effected using evaporation suppressant chemicals at sites including open water reservoirs and agricultural land.
  • this invention relates more particularly to a composition comprising a blend of an inorganic constituent, selected as described hereinafter, with one or more of the higher fatty alcohols, also called alkanols, which have upwards from 12 carbon atoms per molecule.
  • the higher fatty alcohols of use in the blend I disclose are saturated straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons within a range whereby in commerce they are designated
  • the Roberts patent conveys a concept respecting reduction of plant transpiration; however, I believe that, from the literal suggestion to apply powdered or flaked tallow alcohol to soil, workers of ordinary knowledge in the field today would expect that, aside from possible plant transpiration reduction, water evaporation from the soil itself likely could also be reduced by executing the suggestion.
  • Guidance in doing so need not be derivative from the Roberts patent but could rely on any and all pertinent information emergent in the past thirty-five years, supplemented by results of easily conducted experiments.
  • One matter of guidance which I consider could be arrived at without excessive experiment is the particular amount of applied higher fatty alcohol content per acre that would be effective to conserve water in given site conditions.
  • R.G. Dressier also recognized that higher fatty alcohol blends may be applied on either open water or agricultural land.
  • the Oberholtzer patent suggests distribution of the disclosed blends on collected water bodies, but one easily notes similarity of certain of the suggested blends to a blend of mulch and higher fatty alcohol.
  • the supposition may reasonably be entertained that those of ordinary knowledge in the field today might perceive that many if not all of Oberholtzer's suggested blends may be susceptible to advantageous distribution on land as well as on water.
  • United States Patent Number 4,250,140 to J.J. Rowlette discloses manufacture of a composition by melting a higher fatty alcohol and blending the same with water soluble polyethylene glycol, preferably grinding the cooled result, then admixing the same with a "filler" material selected for capability of "generating a gas upon contact with water", eg., sodium bi-carbonate.
  • the Schneider patent teaches regarding functions of the “reaction product” it discloses appears incompatible with water conservation at a site of land intended for normal agricultural crop-growing.
  • the Schneider “reaction product” serves inventive objects with functions: (a.) “to reduce the speed with which moisture leaves during periods of dehydration”; and (b.) “to restrict the speed with which water enters the structure of such soils during periods of wet weather”.
  • a major object of this invention is to simplify the task of those who are responsible for civil preparedness in prospect of droughts, by providing instruction how to make and use a single water-saving composition which is peculiarly well adapted both for application to agricultural land, and for application to open water surfaces of reservoirs storing water in bulk.
  • agricultural land I mean to include soil plots intended for normal crop growth both before and after establishment thereon of the crop.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a versatile water-saving composition that is easily distributable at the two kinds of contemplated application sites, using a variety of distribution techniques and uncomplicated equipment.
  • the most important function of sulfuric acid in the acidified gypsum is not, however, the function of providing a blend constituent making the blend suitable for application to a site benefitting from an acidifying treatment.
  • Gypsum which has not been pre-treated using sulfuric acid is not suitable for direct substitution in place of slaked agricultural lime as the calcium containing constituent of a water-saving composition in accordance with my invention.
  • the unsuitability of plain calcium sulfate into which sulfuric acid has not been pre-mixed relates to a unique manner of promotin dispersal apart from one another of individual particulate aggregations of the calcium hydroxide containing original embodiment of the invention.
  • the lime portion of each such aggregation commences dissolving with release of hydroxyl ions that diffuse much faster than calcium ions.
  • This differential of ionic celerities results in acquisition by individual particulate aggregations of like charges, producing their mutual repulsion on or in water.
  • the resulting composition in either of its two embodiments may, due to uneven stirring events, contain lumpy pieces which are readily reduced by any known means to provide a non-lumpy reasonably fluent particulate consistency. Acceptable cross-sectional dimensions of the irregularly shaped individual particulate aggregations produced range between about 10 and 300 microns.
  • the finished product is a powdery composition which is easily distributed in dry form upon both land and water surfaces by any known powder distribution technique, such as uses blowers, agricultural dusters, agitated gravity-fed powder dispensers and hoppers, etc. If water, water pumping, and piping means are available, it is feasible to make a suspension or slurry adapted to distribution of the composition in manners known in the art for suspensions and/or slurries.
  • My invention obviates need for costly emulsifying agents to prevent equipment clogging, because the composition aggregations repel one another when in water. I also wish to avoid use of emulsified higher fatty alcohol in compositions applied to land, for a reason brought out further below, concerning water infiltration.
  • Extended droughts could bring periods of scarcity of higher fatty alcohol 20 and water supplies, when distribution of minimal dry blended higher fatty alcohol content per acre upon land sites is indicated, in which case an expedient not of the essence of the invention, but helpful, is to dilute the particulate composition of the invention with a larger quantity of cheap nonreactive material such as sand, or even dry earth materials available in a drought-stricken vicinity.
  • Using inorganic rather than organic substances as non-alcohol blending constituents of a water-saving composition is also attuned to a prospect of drought of extended duration, when organic materials used in certain prior art compositions, e.g. the saccharides of
  • Myers, furans of Egan et al. made from oats, and starch in Hall's invention may become scarce, making it better to reserve sugar, oats, and starch supplies for feeding the drought-affected human population, since these substances are not essential for conservation of water.
  • Either one of the two powdery evaporation suppressant compositions which embody the invention essentially consists often parts by weight of selected inorganic constituent containing an ionic compound and one part by weight of an unemulsified higher fatty alcohol constituent present in an amorphous low lattice energy form.
  • the inorganic constituent is selected from respectively alkaline and acidic alternatives comprising calcium hydroxide, and calcium sulfate to which sulfuric acid has been added.
  • the imbalanced ion-releasing mechanism manifests itself as operative in more than one way to accomplish abovestated objects of the invention, the composition having to meet two sets of technical challenges which correspond to the two kinds of application sites, agricultural land and open water. In meeting those challenges, effective functions of included constituents are not always the same for challenges from the one set as in the other case.
  • 1. how to promote fast film spreading; and 2. how to form on water a film with a superior degree of self-repairing capability in adverse circumstances of wind and waves are extensively dealt with in my co-pending patent application Serial Number 09/192,298 filed as indicated above and which, if policy permits, is preferably incorporated herein by reference.
  • the SUMMARY and the DETAILED DESCRIPTION portions thereof are the portions dealing with particular problems the present invention resolves in an equivalent if not identical manner, primarily by means of the mutually repulsive effect procured for individual particulate aggregations of the composition, complemented by enhanced film-spreading capability of an amorphous form of the higher fatty alcohol constituent.
  • the invention meets two technical challenges with regard to application siting on agricultural land, namely: 1. how to provide an evaporation suppressant composition that can be applied to the land without impairing infiltration of water into the soil of the land; and, 2. how to provide a composition which procures benefit to agricultural land whether the mode of distribution onto the site involves injection of the composition into an irrigation water system, involving suspension or slurry formation, or else does not, and instead applies the composition in dry form.
  • composition in accordance with the present invention is introduced to piped irrigation water of conventional systems, including sprinkling systems, this is when the mutually repulsion of individual particulate aggregations does not function similarly as when the composition is placed in initially dry form upon either open water or upon agricultural land.
  • It of course matters not the least respecting ionization of an ionic compound in the aggregations, whether the water contacted is at the surface of a lake, from a raindrop falling onto land, from condensing dew, or in a pumping and piping system.
  • the ionic compound ionizes into its oppositely signed ions in all those cases.
  • the pumping and piping case although potential problems of equipment clogging will be substantially mitigated, this occurs at the expense of intending the ionization mechanism to be available at the surface upon which the composition is delivered.
  • composition diluted in water suspension or slurry form can in non-urgent on- land applications such as watering
  • a turf farm outweigh desirability of postponing ionization completion to the last possible moment.
  • a pre-formed film could be gently laid onto the surface. It must be understood, however, that I do not propose that it is vital to conserving water at a land site when applying evaporation suppressant composition made in accordance with my invention, that a continuous film of higher fatty alcohol be formed.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition mélangée, destinée à la conservation des eaux, qui s'applique sur des sites terrestres et d'eau libre pour économiser l'eau. Cette composition combine un constituant d'alcool gras supérieur avec, soit un constituant de chaux éteinte, soit, à la place de celui-ci, un constituant de gypse acidifié contenant de l'acide sulfurique. Les constituants inorganiques fournissent des composés ioniques qui, lorsqu'ils entrent contact avec l'eau, libèrent des ions qui diffusent plus rapidement que d'autres, ce qui produit un système d'apport de charges dans lequel les agrégats particulaires individuels de la composition se repoussent mutuellement. Une forme amorphe et non émulsionnée de l'alcool gras supérieur permet de limiter considérablement les risques de dégradation de l'infiltration d'eau dans le sol traité.
PCT/CA2002/001071 2002-07-12 2002-07-12 Composition pour reduire l'evaporation sur des sites terrestres et d'eau libre Ceased WO2004007067A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002368074A AU2002368074A1 (en) 2002-07-12 2002-07-12 Composition for reducing evaporation at sites both on land and open water
PCT/CA2002/001071 WO2004007067A1 (fr) 2002-07-12 2002-07-12 Composition pour reduire l'evaporation sur des sites terrestres et d'eau libre

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CA2002/001071 WO2004007067A1 (fr) 2002-07-12 2002-07-12 Composition pour reduire l'evaporation sur des sites terrestres et d'eau libre

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004007067A1 true WO2004007067A1 (fr) 2004-01-22

Family

ID=30005486

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CA2002/001071 Ceased WO2004007067A1 (fr) 2002-07-12 2002-07-12 Composition pour reduire l'evaporation sur des sites terrestres et d'eau libre

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2002368074A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004007067A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU7885294A (en) * 1993-11-16 1995-05-25 Flexible Solutions Ltd Method for reducing evaporation
US20010022355A1 (en) * 1998-11-17 2001-09-20 O'brien Robert Neville Composition for reducing evaporation at sites both on land and open water
US6303133B1 (en) * 1998-11-17 2001-10-16 O'brien Robert Neville Film-spreading powder for suppressing water evaporation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU7885294A (en) * 1993-11-16 1995-05-25 Flexible Solutions Ltd Method for reducing evaporation
US20010022355A1 (en) * 1998-11-17 2001-09-20 O'brien Robert Neville Composition for reducing evaporation at sites both on land and open water
US6303133B1 (en) * 1998-11-17 2001-10-16 O'brien Robert Neville Film-spreading powder for suppressing water evaporation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002368074A1 (en) 2004-02-02

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