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WO2004002847A1 - Fixation etanche pour verser - Google Patents

Fixation etanche pour verser Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004002847A1
WO2004002847A1 PCT/AU2003/000819 AU0300819W WO2004002847A1 WO 2004002847 A1 WO2004002847 A1 WO 2004002847A1 AU 0300819 W AU0300819 W AU 0300819W WO 2004002847 A1 WO2004002847 A1 WO 2004002847A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
platform
pivot
piezoelectric actuator
actuator means
optical scanning
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU2003/000819
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2004002847A9 (fr
Inventor
Oliver Clemens Robert Kratzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP03732129A priority Critical patent/EP1534601A4/fr
Priority to NZ537369A priority patent/NZ537369A/en
Priority to AU2003238560A priority patent/AU2003238560B2/en
Priority to US10/518,709 priority patent/US20050236442A1/en
Priority to CA002490917A priority patent/CA2490917A1/fr
Publication of WO2004002847A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004002847A1/fr
Publication of WO2004002847A9 publication Critical patent/WO2004002847A9/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to ZA2005/00074A priority patent/ZA200500074B/en
Priority to US12/338,478 priority patent/US20090159607A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
    • B65D47/08—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having articulated or hinged closures
    • B65D47/0857—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having articulated or hinged closures made separately from the base element provided with the spout or discharge passage
    • B65D47/0876—Hinges without elastic bias
    • B65D47/088—Hinges without elastic bias located at an edge of the base element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44D—PAINTING OR ARTISTIC DRAWING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PRESERVING PAINTINGS; SURFACE TREATMENT TO OBTAIN SPECIAL ARTISTIC SURFACE EFFECTS OR FINISHES
    • B44D3/00—Accessories or implements for use in connection with painting or artistic drawing, not otherwise provided for; Methods or devices for colour determination, selection, or synthesis, e.g. use of colour tables
    • B44D3/12—Paint cans; Brush holders; Containers for storing residual paint
    • B44D3/127—Covers or lids for paint cans
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
    • B65D47/08—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having articulated or hinged closures
    • B65D47/0804—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having articulated or hinged closures integrally formed with the base element provided with the spout or discharge passage
    • B65D47/0833—Hinges without elastic bias
    • B65D47/0838—Hinges without elastic bias located at an edge of the base element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00018—Overall construction of the lid
    • B65D2543/00064—Shape of the outer periphery
    • B65D2543/00074—Shape of the outer periphery curved
    • B65D2543/00092—Shape of the outer periphery curved circular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00018—Overall construction of the lid
    • B65D2543/00259—Materials used
    • B65D2543/00296—Plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00435—Lids secured to an intermediate ring or like annular member fixed to the container mouth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00481—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container
    • B65D2543/0049—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on the inside, or a part turned to the inside of the mouth of the container
    • B65D2543/005—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on the inside, or a part turned to the inside of the mouth of the container both cup and skirt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00592—Snapping means
    • B65D2543/00601—Snapping means on the container
    • B65D2543/00611—Profiles
    • B65D2543/00638—Rolled edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00592—Snapping means
    • B65D2543/00601—Snapping means on the container
    • B65D2543/00675—Periphery concerned
    • B65D2543/00685—Totality
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00592—Snapping means
    • B65D2543/00712—Snapping means on the lid
    • B65D2543/00722—Profiles
    • B65D2543/0074—Massive bead
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00592—Snapping means
    • B65D2543/00712—Snapping means on the lid
    • B65D2543/00787—Periphery concerned
    • B65D2543/00796—Totality

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical scanning device, a laser apparatus incorporating such an optical scanning device and a method of scanning an optical beam over a surface to perform material processing of the surface.
  • the applications of the present invention include, for example, surgical and medical applications, such as operations for correcting refractive errors of the eye by photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
  • PRK photorefractive keratectomy
  • LASIK laser in-situ keratomileusis
  • the present invention also has industrial applications for material processing. Material processing examples of industrial applications of the present invention include photolithography in microchip manufacture and glass marking.
  • a wide range of lasers are suitable for the above applications, including: excimer lasers, Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, E ⁇ YAG, Nd:KGW, Carbon Monoxide, and Carbon Dioxide lasers.
  • the wavelengths produced by these lasers range from deep in the ultra-violet (UV) to long infra-red (IR) wavelengths.
  • a feature that is often common among the use of these lasers for material processing is the need to move the laser beam relative to the material surface being processed.
  • the movement of the laser beam is often performed by galvanometer or motor driven mirrors and lenses.
  • J. T. Lin (US patent 5,520,679) proposed using galvanometer scanners to control a low energy laser beam into an overlapping pattern of adjacent pulses to produce the desired change in the corneal surface.
  • US patent 5,520,679 states that this allows a smaller, lower cost laser to be used for this procedure.
  • US patent 5,520,679 also states other advantages, including a reduced need for a homogenous beam and better flexibility in design of the treatment.
  • Galvanometer scanning excimer lasers are currently one of the most common means for correcting refractive errors using the LASIK surgical procedure.
  • galvanometer scanners have been very successful in scanning lasers for reshaping corneal tissue and a large range of other applications, they do have some disadvantages. They have a trade-off between the size and weight of the mirror being tilted and the speed by which the galvanometer can adjust its position. Sometimes this results in mirrors that are not large enough for the optical system or using mirrors that are too thin to maintain their required flatness during the scanning process. Galvanometer scanners also have limited accuracy when the desired scan angle is small (less than 3 degrees).
  • the galvanometer scanners used in refractive lasers generally work well at the pulse repetition rates currently used, i.e. 200Hz or below. However, this assumes that the eye is not moving. Tracking the eye has now become an important part of producing good results for refractive surgery. Between each pulse the position of the eye is measured and then the scanner position adjusted to compensate for any eye movements before the eye moves again. This means that the scanner must be capable of moving much faster than when the laser was operating without an eye tracker. These faster response requirements from the scanner go beyond the response capabilities of galvanometers. This becomes even more of a problem when the demands of customised surgery require smaller spot sizes to ablate with higher precision and subsequently much higher pulse repetition rates. Galvanometric scanners would not have adequate response for such a laser system.
  • An alternative drive mechanism to a galvanometer drive mechanism is a piezoelectric drive.
  • Piezoelectric drives have the advantages of having potentially infinite precision and are capable of generating extremely high forces, so could drive a large mirror very fast.
  • piezoelectric drives also have a number of significant disadvantages, and although they have been used to scan laser beams, they have not been generally accepted for this type of application because of these disadvantages.
  • piezoelectric drive systems are their very limited range of movement. They are therefore not considered to be a potential means of scanning in applications currently performed by galvanometer scanners.
  • One method that has been used to amplify the range of piezoelectric scanning is to have the piezoelectric crystals push or pull on the end of a metal plate. The metal plate bends and deflects a mirror further than the same piezo would move the mirror if applied behind the edge of the mirror.
  • a device based on this technique is described by Takeuchi et al in US patent 6,342,751.
  • the second significant problem with piezoelectric drive systems, or actuators is that they have significant hysteresis. This is normally in the order of 10% to 15% of the range of the movement. This hysteresis is another key reason why piezoelectric driven scanners are currently not used in applications requiring fast complex scan pattens, such as laser systems for refractive surgery. This hysteresis can be corrected by operating the piezoelectric system in a closed loop fashion. This requires a sensor to measure the movement of the system and then a controller that adjusts the voltage to the piezoelectric actuator so that it moves to the desired position. The problem with this is that it significantly reduces the response of the system, and its accuracy is reduced to the accuracy of the sensor.
  • the hysteresis induced error can be so large that the piezoelectric signal and position sensor signal cannot be compared to check the system is operating correctly. So to achieve a redundant check of scanning performance a second position sensor would need to be used.
  • Papademetriou, et al in US patent 6,339,470 describes means for scanning lasers across optical fibres.
  • This US patent also describes use of a piezoelectric stack to adjust the angle of a mirror.
  • this description complains of the lack of range of such a scanning mechanism as special effort is required to scan the laser across the entrance of a single optical fibre.
  • the main scanning mechanism used in the device described in this US patent relies on acousto-optic deflection of the laser beam, where that scan range must cover more than one optic fibre (which is smaller than the range across an eye).
  • Acousto-optic scanners are relatively complex, have high optical losses and are not suitable for many of the wavelengths used for material processing applications.
  • an optical scanning device comprising: a platform,
  • a mirror provided on said platform to reflect an optical beam incident on said mirror
  • At least first piezoelectric actuator means to act on said platform to pivot said platform about said pivot in a first direction
  • At least first resilient means to bias said platform about said pivot in a second direction opposed to said first direction
  • said first piezoelectric actuator means acts on said platform at a location in proximity to said pivot, to pivot said platform such that the angle at which said beam is reflected by said mirror is altered to alter the path of the reflected beam to thereby scan the reflected beam in a first plane over a surface.
  • the optical scanning device further comprises:
  • said second piezoelectric actuator means acts on said platform at a location in proximity to said pivot, to pivot said platform such that the angle at which said beam is reflected by said mirror is altered to alter the path of the reflected beam to thereby scan the reflected beam in a second plane over the surface, such that said reflected beam is scannable over said surface in two dimensions.
  • an optical scanning apparatus comprising:
  • said first optical scanning device comprising:
  • a first mirror provided on said first platform to reflect an optical beam incident on said first mirror
  • first piezoelectric actuator means to act on said first platform to pivot said first platform about said first pivot in a first direction
  • first resilient means to bias said first platform about said first pivot in a second direction opposed to said first direction
  • said second optical scanning device comprising
  • a second mirror provided on said second platform to reflect the optical beam incident on said second mirror
  • said first piezoelectric actuator means acts on said first platform at a location in proximity to said first pivot to pivot said first platform such that the angle at which said beam is reflected by said first mirror is altered to alter the path of the reflected beam to thereby scan the reflected beam in a first plane
  • said second optical scanning device is arranged such that said second mirror receives said beam reflected by said first mirror and said second piezoelectric actuator means acts on said second platform at a location in proximity to said second pivot to pivot said second platform such that the angle at which said beam is reflected by said second mirror is altered to alter the path of the reflected beam to thereby scan the reflected beam in a second plane, such that said reflected beam is scannable over said surface in two dimensions.
  • a laser apparatus comprising:
  • said first optical scanning device comprising
  • a first mirror provided on said first platform to reflect an optical beam incident on said first mirror
  • first piezoelectric actuator means to act on said first platform to pivot said first platform about said first pivot in a first direction
  • first resilient means to bias said first platform about said first pivot in a second direction opposed to said first direction
  • said second optical scanning device comprising
  • a second mirror provided on said second platform to reflect the optical beam incident on said second mirror
  • said first piezoelectric actuator means acts on said first platform at a location in proximity to said first pivot to pivot said first platform such that the angle at which said beam is reflected by said first mirror is altered to alter the path of the reflected beam to thereby scan the reflected beam in a first plane
  • said second optical scanning device is arranged such that said second mirror receives said beam reflected by said first mirror and said second piezoelectric actuator means acts on said second platform at a location in proximity to said second pivot to pivot said second platform such that the angle at which said beam is reflected by said second mirror is altered to alter the path of the reflected beam to thereby scan the reflected beam in a second plane, such that said reflected beam is scannable over said surface in two dimensions to thereby scan the reflected beam over a surface to perform material processing of said surface by the reflected beam and the optical path of the reflected beam from said second optical scanning device to the said surface is substantially one metre or more in length.
  • a third mirror is provided to reflect the reflected beam reflected by said mirror of said second optical scanning device prior to said reflected beam being reflected to said surface.
  • a fourth mirror is provided to receive the reflected beam from said third mirror and said fourth mirror reflects said reflected beam to said surface.
  • a laser apparatus comprising:
  • an optical scanning device comprising
  • a mirror provided on said platform to reflect a said optical beam incident on said mirror
  • first piezoelectric actuator means to act on said platform to pivot said platform about said pivot in a first direction
  • first resilient means to bias said platform about said pivot in a second direction opposed to said first direction
  • said first piezoelectric actuator means acts on said platform at a location in proximity to said pivot, to pivot said platform such that the angle at which said beam is reflected by said mirror is altered to alter the path of the reflected beam to thereby scan the reflected beam in a first plane
  • said second piezoelectric actuator means acts on said platform at a location in proximity to said pivot, to pivot said platform such that angle at which said beam is reflected by said mirror is altered to alter the path of the reflected beam to thereby scan the reflected beam in a second plane, said first plane and said second plane being substantially mutually orthogonal, to thereby scan the reflected beam over a surface to perform material processing of said surface by the reflected beam and the optical path of the reflected beam from said optical scanning device to said surface is substantially one metre or more in length.
  • a second mirror is provided to reflect the reflected beam reflected by said mirror of said optical scanning device prior to said reflected beam being reflected to said surface.
  • a third mirror is provided to receive the reflected beam from said second mirror and said third mirror reflects said beam to said surface.
  • the first plane and the second plane are substantially mutually orthogonal.
  • said first piezoelectric actuator means acts on said platform to push said platform and said first resilient means is compressively or expandably resilient.
  • said first piezoelectric actuator means acts on said platform to pull said platform and said first resilient means is compressively or expandibly resilient.
  • said second piezoelectric actuator means acts on said platform to push said platform and said second resilient means is compressively or expandably resilient.
  • said second piezoelectric actuator means acts on said platform to pull said platform and said second resilient means is compressively or expandably resilient.
  • the optical beam may be a laser beam.
  • the laser apparatus may be a refractive eye surgery laser apparatus, in which case the surface on which the material processing is performed by the reflected beam is the eye of a patient on which the refractive surgery is performed by the reflected beam.
  • the laser apparatus may also be used in other medical applications, in which case the surface on which the material processing is performed by the reflected beam is (human or animal) tissue.
  • Another use of the laser apparatus is as an industrial laser.
  • a method of scanning an optical beam, in at least a first plane, over a surface using at least one optical scanning device as hereinbefore described comprising
  • said required voltage to said piezoelectric actuator means to move the platform to said required position such that the optical beam is incident on said surface at the said required location.
  • said required position of said platform and the corresponding required voltage to be applied to said piezoelectric actuator means are recorded for use in determining the voltage to be applied to said piezoelectric actuator means for the next location at which said optical beam is to be incident on said surface
  • an optical scanning device in accordance with the alternative form of the optical scanning device in accordance with the first aspect of the present invention is provided to scan the optical beam in two planes over said surface, wherein the steps of the method as hereinbefore described are carried out on each of the first piezoelectric actuator means and the second piezoelectric actuator means to pivot said platform to the required position for the optical beam to be incident on said surface at said required location.
  • an optical scanning apparatus in accordance with the second aspect of the present invention is provided to scan the optical beam in two planes over the surface, wherein the steps of the method hereinbefore described in accordance with the fifth aspect of the present invention are carried out on the first piezoelectric actuator means of the first optical scanning device and the second piezoelectric actuator means of the second optical scanning device to pivot the respective platform of said first optical scanning device and said second optical scanning device to the required position, respectively, for the optical beam to be incident on said surface at the required location.
  • the method hereinbefore described may be used in applications such as performing refractive eye surgery on a patient, in which case the surface over which the optical beam is scanned is the eye of the patient.
  • the method may also be used in other medical applications, in which case the surface over which the optical beam is scanned is (human or animal) tissue.
  • the method may also be used in material processing applications in industry.
  • Figure 1a is a plan view of a first embodiment of an optical scanning device in accordance with an aspect of the present invention
  • Figure 1 b is a cross section view taken along the line A - A in Figure 1 a;
  • Figure 2 are plots of the relationship between the position of the platform of the scanning device shown in Figure 1 versus the corresponding voltage to be applied to the piezoelectric actuator of the scanning device shown in Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a view of an arrangement of two optical scanning devices, of the type shown in Figure 1 , arranged so as to scan an optical beam in two dimensions or planes;
  • Figure 4 is a view of a second embodiment of an optical scanning device in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a refractive surgery laser apparatus in accordance with another aspect of the present invention.
  • FIGS 1a and 1 b there is shown an optical scanning device 1 that is able to reflect an incident optical beam I so that the reflected optical beam R can be directed to a surface S such that the reflected optical beam R is scanned over the surface S.
  • the optical scanning device 1 comprises a platform 2, a mirror 4 having a reflective surface 6, a pivot 8 about which the platform 2 is able to pivot, a piezoelectric stack actuator 10 to pivot the platform 2 about the pivot 8 in a first direction, and a resilient spring 12 to bias the platform 2 about the pivot 8 in a second direction that is opposed to the first direction.
  • the pivot 8 is a pivot shaft.
  • the optical scanning device 1 is further provided with a body 13 to support the other components of the optical scanning device 1.
  • the body 13 comprises an anchor block 13a and a main block 13b that are separated by a spacer 13c.
  • the main block 13b supports the piezoelectric stack actuator 10.
  • a pair of O rings 14 are provided around the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 at the locations where the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 extends out of the main block 13b.
  • the cap 15 and the underside of the platform 2 are provided with recesses which accommodate a ball bearing 16.
  • the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 thus acts on the underside of the platform 2 via the cap 15 and the ball bearing 16.
  • the cap 15 is provided with a recess 15a which receives and covers the end 16a of the piezoelectric stack actuator 10.
  • the cap 15 prevents sideways movement of the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 when it acts on the platform 2.
  • a retainer 17 is provided around the mirror 4 to retain the mirror 4 in place.
  • a push-pull amplifier 18 is provided to drive the piezoelectric stack actuator 10.
  • An adjustment screw 19 and locking nut 19b are provided to adjust the mid position of the scan range of the optical scanning device 1.
  • the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 acts on the platform 2 at a location in proximity to the pivot 8.
  • the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 may act on the platform 2 at a location that is spaced substantially 5 to 15mm from the pivot 8. Expansion of the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 pushes on the platform 2 to cause the platform 2 to pivot about the pivot 8 in the direction shown by arrow A in Figure 1.
  • the spring 12 acts to bias the platform 2 about the pivot 8 in a second direction, shown by arrow B in Figure 1 , that is opposed to the first direction (shown by arrow A).
  • the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 acts against the spring 12 to pivot the platform 2 in the direction shown by arrow A.
  • the spring 12 returns the platform 2 to its original position. If the applied voltage is reduced, rather than removed completely, the spring 12 biases the platform 2 in the second direction, shown by arrow B in Figure 1 , by an amount corresponding to the reduction in the applied voltage. If the applied voltage to the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 is increased, the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 further expands to cause the platform 2 to pivot about pivot 8 by a further amount corresponding to the increase in the applied voltage.
  • the spring 12 may be arranged, as required, to bias the platform 2 in a direction opposed to the direction in which the platform 2 is pivoted by the piezoelectric stack actuator 10.
  • the spring 12 may be compressively or expandibly resilient, as required to provide the biasing action to the platform 2 in a direction opposed to the direction in which the piezoelectric actuator 10 acts on the platform 2.
  • the optical scanning device 1 is able to scan the reflected optical beam R in a first dimension or plane.
  • the embodiment of the optical scanning device 1 hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 1a and 1b is arranged such that the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 acts on the platform 2 to push against the platform 2.
  • the scanning device 1 may be arranged such that the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 acts on the platform 2 to pull the platform 2.
  • the ball bearing 16 would be fixed to the platform 2 and the cap 15, which would also be fixed to the end 16a of the piezoelectric stack actuator 10.
  • the spring 12 in such an arrangement, would act to bias the platform 2 about the pivot 8 in the direction shown by arrow A in Figure 1.
  • the scan patterns have steps between each location that vary in distance and direction in a quasi random fashion.
  • the steps in the scan patterns equate to different incident locations of the beam R on the surface S and correspondingly different scanning device positions.
  • the variation of the steps in the scan pattern in a quasi random fashion is achieved by corresponding quasi random changes in the voltage applied to the piezoelectric stack actuator 10. This is in contrast to a regular scan pattern which uses systematic, i.e. non random changes, in the applied voltage.
  • the reason that a quasi random variation is used is that a different shape is being sculpted each time the scanning device 1 is used and there is a need to move the laser beam across the surface being processed so that consecutive laser beam pulses do not overlap and thermal loading is spread across both the surface and time. There may also be a need to adjust the scan pattern to compensate for movements of the surface being treated that may occur.
  • the position of the platform 2 may vary by 10% of the full range of movement due to hystersis occurring in the piezoelectric stack actuator 10, however, the resultant locations are nevertheless reproducible.
  • the positions of the platform 2 corresponding to these locations can also be determined and are reproducible. It is thus possible to determine a relationship between the scan pattern signal, i.e. the voltage applied to the piezoelectric stack actuator 10, and the position of the platform 2 such that the voltage applied to the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 can be adjusted in advance. In this way, the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 can pivot the platform 2, and thereby the mirror 4, into the correct required position so that the beam R is incident on the surface S at the required incident location.
  • the relationships between the applied voltage and scanning device position can be determined experimentally for given scan patterns and plotted to produce curves representing the relationships.
  • An example of relationships for scanning device position and voltage applied to the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 is shown in Figure 2.
  • the platform 2 of the scanning device 1 may thus be pivoted to the correct position without the need to rely on closed loop feedback.
  • the scanning device 1 when used in a closed loop fashion, would also increase the response speed of the scanning device 1 and allow a position sensor to operate as a redundant check of the position of the scanning device 1.
  • the scanning device 1 may thus be operated as hereinbelow described.
  • the scanning device 1 will follow a predictable path for changes in the applied voltage to the piezoelectric stack actuator 10. These predictable paths are represented by the curves in Figure 2. The path differs for increases or decreases in the voltage applied to the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 and also depends on the type of piezoelectric device used in the piezoelectric stack actuator 10. These paths are first determined experimentally for a scanning device 1 employing a piezoelectric stack actuator 10 having a particular piezoelectric device.
  • the correct path curve is determined that contains the current scanning device position and applied voltage at the current position of the scanning device. This determination can be made from the relationship between the scanning device position and the applied voltage, which has been previously determined, i.e. as shown in the plot of scanning device position versus applied voltage, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the current scanning device position and the required applied voltage are then recorded for use in determining the voltage to apply to the piezoelectric stack actuator device 10 for the next required position of the scanning device.
  • the voltage changes directly from the currently applied voltage to the new applied voltage, without the applied voltage being returned to zero.
  • the voltage may be returned to zero between each change in the applied voltage from the current applied voltage to the new applied voltage.
  • the scanning device 1 is able to scan the beam R in a single dimension or plane.
  • Figure 3 there is shown a scanning device 1a and scanning device 1 b.
  • the scanning devices 1a and 1 b are of the same type as the scanning device 1 as previously hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1a and 1 b.
  • the scanning devices 1a and 1 b are arranged such that the beam R reflected by the first scanning device 1a can be scanned in a first dimension or plane and is incident upon the mirror 4b of the second optical scanning device 1b.
  • the second optical scanning device 1b is able to reflect the beam R and scan it in a second dimension or plane.
  • the first dimension or plane is substantially orthogonal to the second dimension or plane.
  • the arrangement of the scanning devices 1a and 1 b shown in Figure 3 can scan the reflected beam in two dimensions or planes that are substantially orthogonal to each other. This enables the reflected beam to be scanned in two dimensions over the surface S.
  • the piezoelectric stack actuator 10b (obscured in Figure. 3) of the second scanning device 1 b pivots the platform 2b about the pivot 8b (obscured in Figure 3) of the second scanning device 1b in a direction, or about an axis, that is substantially orthogonal to the direction, or about the axis, that the piezoelectric stack actuator 10a pivots the platform 2a of the first scanning device 1a.
  • the spring 12b biases the platform 2b about the pivot 8b of the second scanning device 1 b in a direction, or about an axis, that is substantially orthogonal to the direction, or about the axis, that the spring 12a biases the platform 2a about the pivot 8a of the first scanning device 1a.
  • the first scanning device 1a receives an incident beam I from a laser 22 and is able to scan the reflected beam R in the plane of the drawing sheet depicting Figure 3.
  • This reflected beam R is incident upon the mirror 4b of the second scanning device 1 b.
  • the beam R is reflected by the mirror 4b of the second scanning device 1b and can be scanned by the second scanning device 1 b in a plane that is substantially orthogonal to the plane of the drawing sheet depicting Figure 3, i.e. the beam R is reflected by the mirror 4b, in a plane, out of the drawing sheet depicting Figure 3.
  • the description of the relationship between the voltage applied to the piezoelectric stack actuator 10 and the pivot position of the platform 2 and the previous description herein of the operation of the scanning device 1 with reference to Figures 1a, 1 b and 2 applies to the scanning devices 1a and 1 b shown in Figure 3.
  • the scanning devices 1a and 1 b operate together to enable the reflected beam R to be scanned in two dimensions or planes.
  • FIG 4 there is shown a second embodiment of an optical scanning device 11.
  • the optical scanning device 11 is similar to the optical scanning device 1 , except that the optical scanning device 11 is provided with a pair of piezoelectric stack actuators 10aa and 10bb and a pair of resilient springs 12aa and 12bb and the pivot 8ab allows the platform 2 to pivot in at least two directions, or about two axes, that are substantially mutually orthogonal.
  • the pivot 8ab may be provided near a corner of the platform 2.
  • the pivot 8ab may be provided as a ball that allows the platform 2 to swivel in any direction.
  • the piezoelectric stack actuators 10aa and 10bb and the springs 12aa and 12bb may be provided in proximity to the pivot 8ab.
  • the piezoelectric stack actuators 10aa and 10bb may be provided such that they act on the platform 2 in proximity to the pivot 8ab, for example, at a location spaced substantially 5 to 15mm from the pivot 8ab.
  • the scanning device 11 permits the platform 2 to pivot about two substantially orthogonal dimensions or axes.
  • the scanning device 11 provides an alternative to using two scanning devices 1a and 1 b, as shown in Figure 3, to achieve scanning of the beam R about two substantially orthogonal dimensions or axes to enable the reflected beam to be scanned in two dimensions or planes.
  • Voltage applied to the piezoelectric stack actuator 10aa causes the piezoelectric stack actuator 10aa to expand. This in turn, causes the platform 2 to pivot about the pivot 8ab in a first direction, shown by arrow C in Figure 4, against the action of the spring 12aa.
  • the spring 12aa acts to bias the platform 2 about the pivot 8ab in a second direction, shown by arrow F in Figure 4, that is opposed to the direction shown by arrow C.
  • voltage applied to the piezoelectric stack actuator 10bb causes the piezoelectric stack actuator 10bb to expand. This in turn, causes the platform 2 to pivot about the pivot 8ab in the direction shown by arrow D in Figure 1 , against the action of the spring 12bb.
  • the spring 12bb acts to bias the platform 2 about the pivot 8ab in a direction, shown by arrow G in Figure 1 , that is opposed to the direction indicated by arrow D.
  • the axes about which the piezoelectric stack actuators 10aa and 10bb pivot the platform 2 are mutually orthogonal.
  • the piezoelectric stack actuator 10aa and spring 12aa enable a reflected beam R to be scanned in a first dimension or plane and the piezoelectric stack actuator 10bb and spring 12bb enable the reflected beam R to be scanned in a second dimension or plane.
  • the first dimension or plane is substantially orthogonal to the second dimension or plane.
  • the reflected beam R can be scanned in two dimensions or planes over a surface S.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown a refractive eye surgery laser apparatus 20.
  • the refractive eye surgery laser apparatus 20 comprises an optical scanning unit (“OSU"), a laser 22 and first and second mirrors 24 and 26, respectively.
  • OSU optical scanning unit
  • the OSU may be either an arrangement of two scanning devices 1a and 1 b, as shown in Figure 3, or a scanning device 11 as shown in Figure 4. In this way, the OSU is able to reflect an incident beam I so that the reflected beam R can be scanned in two dimensions or planes.
  • the laser 22 emits the laser beam I which is directed to the mirrors 4aa and 4bb, or mirror 4, of the OSU.
  • the mirrors 4aa and 4bb, or mirror 4 reflects the incident beam I as reflected beam R.
  • the reflected beam R is reflected by the mirrors 4aa and 4bb, or mirror 4, of the OSU to a mirror 24.
  • the mirror 26 reflects the beam R and directs it to the surface to be treated, in this case being the eye E of a patient P.
  • the OSU is operated, in the manner hereinbefore described with reference to the scanning device 1 and Figs 1 and 2, to scan the beam R over the surface of the eye E in the required scan pattern to carry out refractive surgery on the eye E using the laser beam R.
  • the pivotal movement of the platforms 2a and 2b, or the platform 2, of the OSU about the pivots 8a and 8b, or the pivot 8ab, causes the path of the reflected beam R to change with changes in the OSU position.
  • the changes in the path of the reflected beam R are preserved by the mirrors 24 and 26. In this way, the path of the beam R that is reflected from the surface 26 changes. These changes correspond to the changes of the OSU. In this way, the beam R reflected by the mirror 26 can be scanned over the eye E to the required locations where refractive surgery is carried out by the beam R.
  • the optical path between the OSU and the eye E is arranged such that it is substantially one metre or more. That is to say, the distance travelled by the beam R from the OSU to the mirror 24, from the mirror 24 to the mirror 26 and from the mirror 26 to the eye E is substantially one metre or more. It is to be understood that by “substantially one metre or more” it is meant that distances of slightly less than one metre, as well as distances of one metre or more, are suitable. This distance enables the refractive laser surgery apparatus 20, employing the OSU, to scan the range required to perform surgery on the eye E.
  • the refractive eye surgery laser apparatus 20 provides an advantage in processing a material, such as corneal tissue of the eye, that may move or may not be exactly the same distance from the laser system each time that the laser 22 is operated to emit a beam I.
  • a material such as corneal tissue of the eye
  • the scan angle i.e. the angle through which the beam R passes to scan the eye E from one extremity to the other
  • the scan angle is much smaller than in prior art systems. Therefore, vertical movements or misalignments of the eye E during surgery will have a much smaller adverse effect on the surgical result compared to prior art galvanometric scanning systems.
  • the scanning device of the present invention has been exemplified by its use in a refractive surgery laser system, it may be used in other laser apparatus in which a material is processed by a laser beam.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une fixation pour verser (3) sous la forme d'une fermeture pour un contenant (2), tel qu'un pot de peinture, comprenant un anneau ou un rebord annulaire (4) et un couvercle (5) fixé au rebord (4) et au niveau de (9). Le contenant doté d'une fermeture (1) comprend un bec verseur (5a) qui permet une administration facile des contenus du contenant (2). La fixation pour verser (3) comprend des moyens d'étanchéité interdépendants (16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27) afin de faciliter l'étanchéité et la nouvelle étanchéité du contenant, y compris une protection (6) pour le bec verseur (5a), et des moyens de verrouillage (28) afin de permettre au couvercle (5) de s'ouvrir dans l'une des deux positions d'ouverture, dont une première position qui facilite le drainage du contenu du contenant vers le pot. Le contenant dotée d'une fermeture comprend une poignée facultative (12) et des moyens d'étanchéité inviolables. L'invention concerne aussi des contenants comprenant ces fixations pour verser.
PCT/AU2003/000819 2002-06-27 2003-06-27 Fixation etanche pour verser Ceased WO2004002847A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03732129A EP1534601A4 (fr) 2002-06-27 2003-06-27 Fixation etanche pour verser
NZ537369A NZ537369A (en) 2002-06-27 2003-06-27 A pouring and sealing lid and annular closure element
AU2003238560A AU2003238560B2 (en) 2002-06-27 2003-06-27 A pouring and sealing attachment
US10/518,709 US20050236442A1 (en) 2002-06-27 2003-06-27 Pouring and sealing attachment
CA002490917A CA2490917A1 (fr) 2002-06-27 2003-06-27 Fixation etanche pour verser
ZA2005/00074A ZA200500074B (en) 2002-06-27 2005-01-04 A pouring and sealing attachment
US12/338,478 US20090159607A1 (en) 2002-06-27 2008-12-18 Pouring and sealing attachment

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPS3237 2002-06-27
AUPS3237A AUPS323702A0 (en) 2002-06-27 2002-06-27 A pouring attachment

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/338,478 Continuation-In-Part US20090159607A1 (en) 2002-06-27 2008-12-18 Pouring and sealing attachment

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004002847A1 true WO2004002847A1 (fr) 2004-01-08
WO2004002847A9 WO2004002847A9 (fr) 2004-04-15

Family

ID=3836794

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2003/000819 Ceased WO2004002847A1 (fr) 2002-06-27 2003-06-27 Fixation etanche pour verser

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20050236442A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1534601A4 (fr)
AU (2) AUPS323702A0 (fr)
CA (1) CA2490917A1 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ537369A (fr)
WO (1) WO2004002847A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200500074B (fr)

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USD949689S1 (en) 2017-06-02 2022-04-26 Pact Group Holdings (Nz) Ltd. Lid for a container

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AU2004100000A4 (en) 2004-01-02 2004-02-12 Sands Innovations Pty Ltd Dispensing stirring implement
US20050194393A1 (en) * 2004-03-04 2005-09-08 Stathoudakis John M. Container lid with tool holder
RU2459753C2 (ru) 2007-01-31 2012-08-27 Сэндс Инновейшнс Пти Лтд. Выдачное приспособление и способ его производства
WO2010065980A1 (fr) * 2008-12-09 2010-06-17 Sands Innovations Pty Ltd Contenant de distribution
US8511500B2 (en) 2010-06-07 2013-08-20 Sands Innovations Pty. Ltd. Dispensing container
US8485360B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2013-07-16 Sands Innovations Pty, Ltd. Fracturable container
CN202714639U (zh) 2012-08-24 2013-02-06 美可达电子影像有限公司 一种携带使用方便的多功能保温杯
GB201511426D0 (en) * 2015-06-30 2015-08-12 Dubois Ltd Container
BR112020010166A2 (pt) * 2018-02-09 2020-11-03 Aptargroup, Inc. fecho de distribuição para um recipiente
US11148463B2 (en) * 2018-04-20 2021-10-19 Dale J. Crook Paint lid and can storage system and method of use
IT201900007746A1 (it) * 2019-05-31 2020-12-01 Sacmi Tappo con cerniera per un contenitore.
EP4107083B1 (fr) * 2021-03-10 2023-08-30 Bericap Holding GmbH Fermeture de récipient aseptique comprenant une charnière et un embout buccal
MX2024008988A (es) 2022-03-17 2024-07-29 Procter & Gamble Tapa de un envase adecuado para almacenar productos de higiene personal.
EP4493480A1 (fr) * 2022-03-17 2025-01-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Bouchon d'un emballage approprié pour stocker des produits de soins de santé personnels
US20240190617A1 (en) * 2022-12-07 2024-06-13 Optum, Inc. Dispensing spout for solid items

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USD949689S1 (en) 2017-06-02 2022-04-26 Pact Group Holdings (Nz) Ltd. Lid for a container

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1534601A4 (fr) 2009-07-22
AU2003238560B8 (en) 2004-01-19
NZ537369A (en) 2006-10-27
US20050236442A1 (en) 2005-10-27
ZA200500074B (en) 2005-12-28
CA2490917A1 (fr) 2004-01-08
AU2003238560A1 (en) 2004-01-19
WO2004002847A9 (fr) 2004-04-15
AUPS323702A0 (en) 2002-07-18
EP1534601A1 (fr) 2005-06-01
AU2003238560B2 (en) 2007-05-31

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