WO2004098639A1 - TGFβ由来アポトーシス調節方法 - Google Patents
TGFβ由来アポトーシス調節方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004098639A1 WO2004098639A1 PCT/JP2004/006518 JP2004006518W WO2004098639A1 WO 2004098639 A1 WO2004098639 A1 WO 2004098639A1 JP 2004006518 W JP2004006518 W JP 2004006518W WO 2004098639 A1 WO2004098639 A1 WO 2004098639A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4747—Apoptosis related proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6863—Cytokines, i.e. immune system proteins modifying a biological response such as cell growth proliferation or differentiation, e.g. TNF, CNF, GM-CSF, lymphotoxin, MIF or their receptors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2510/00—Detection of programmed cell death, i.e. apoptosis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for regulating apoptosis derived from TGF] 3. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for regulating apoptosis by using a gene that is highly expressed when apoptosis is induced by TGF-. The present invention also relates to a method of screening a drug. Background art.
- Apoptosis refers to the process by which cells are found to die in programmed cell death in the development, differentiation and maturation of cells and individuals or in cell death induced under various circumstances. Apoptosis is thought to occur under various physiological conditions. Its morphological characteristics include lack of contact with surrounding cells, cytoplasmic enrichment, chromatin condensation and nucleus condensation associated with endonuclease activity, nuclear segmentation, and the like. Disappearance of microvilli on the surface and smoothing of the cell surface (formation of blisters on the cell surface: membrane blebbing) are also observed.
- Apoptosis has been shown to have an important role in various diseases, and various attempts have been made in recent years to diagnose, prevent and treat these diseases by inducing or suppressing apoptosis of cells. Have been.
- Apoptosis also called programmed cell death, refers to a type of cell death that occurs in many tissues as a normal physiological process, and is triggered by the activation of the genetic program in the cell itself. Finally, these apoptotic cells are not inflamed and are taken up by surrounding phagocytes. (Shuichi Nagata, 9 98) Experimental Medicine, Vol. 16, 1242-1246). Apoptosis is known to be involved not only in normal physiological processes but also in the development of serious diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, development of methods for inducing or inhibiting apoptosis as therapeutic methods for the above-mentioned diseases and drugs useful for these methods are desired.
- apoptosis induction for example, the process of inducing apoptosis by binding of Fas antigen and ligand for tumor necrosis factor receptor to those receptors located on the surface of animal cells (Nagata, S. et al. (1997) Cell, 88, 355-365) and that killing of cancer cells by anticancer drugs or X-ray irradiation occurs by activating an intracellular pathway that induces apoptosis (Haldar, S., et al. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 4507-4511) has been elucidated in detail. Disclosure of the invention
- the level of apoptosis or its expression can be analyzed by analyzing the expression level, structure and function of each cell, and analyzing its expression product. It will be possible to elucidate the pathology of related diseases and to establish diagnostic and treatment methods for them.
- a first object of the present invention is to identify a protein useful for searching for an apoptosis-suppressing substance and a pro-apoptotic substance and a gene encoding the same, and to use the gene to make apoptosis derived from TGF / 3. To provide a way to regulate
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for screening for an apoptosis-suppressing substance or an apoptosis-promoting substance that acts on the gene as a target, and to provide an apoptosis-suppressing substance or an apoptosis-promoting substance.
- the present inventors have intensively studied to solve the above-mentioned problems, and have proceeded with comprehensive isolation of genes whose expression is induced by TGF-] 3 using a microarray.
- Bim was identified as a gene showing a significant difference in expression level due to TGF- did.
- the present inventors have further studied and demonstrated that the RNAi effect of Bim can suppress TGF-] 3-induced apoptosis.
- the present invention has been completed based on these findings.
- a method for regulating TGF / 3-derived apoptosis which comprises regulating the expression or function of apoptosis-inducing protein B im.
- a method for suppressing apoptosis which comprises inhibiting expression and Z or function of apoptosis-inducing protein Bim.
- An apoptosis-suppressing agent comprising a substance that inhibits expression or function of apoptosis-inducing protein Bim.
- a method for promoting apoptosis which comprises increasing expression and / or function of apoptosis-inducing protein Bim.
- An apoptosis-promoting agent comprising a substance that enhances expression or function of apoptosis-inducing protein Bim.
- An apoptosis diagnostic agent comprising an oligonucleotide containing at least 10 contiguous nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence of the apoptosis-inducing gene Bim, or an antisense oligonucleotide having a sequence complementary to the oligonucleotide.
- An apoptosis-suppressing agent comprising an antisense oligonucleotide having a sequence complementary to an oligonucleotide containing at least 10 consecutive nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence of the apoptosis-inducing gene Bim.
- An apoptosis inhibitor comprising a double-stranded RNA containing at least 10 consecutive nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence of RNA transcribed from the nucleotide sequence of the apoptosis-inducing gene Bim, or DNA encoding the same.
- RNAI reagent having SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7.
- GGCCCCUACC UCCCUACAGA C AGAGC C A (SEQ ID NO: 7)
- RNAi reagent consisting of AGA CAGAGCCA (SEQ ID NO: 7).
- FIG. 1 shows the experimental results of the induction of Bim expression by TGF- / 31.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of experiments on the effect of Smad on Bim's reporter construction.
- FIG. 3 provides an overview of Bim's reporter construction.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of experiments on the effect of a deletion mutant of Bim on apoptosis induced by TGF- / 31.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of experiments on the effect of a dominant negative mutant of Bim on apoptosis induced by Bim.
- Figure 6 shows the results of experiments on the effect of a dominant negative mutant of Bim on apoptosis induced by TGF-] 31.
- FIG. 7 shows an outline of construction of a vector that expresses Bim RNAi.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of experiments on the effect of BimRNAi on Bim-induced apoptosis.
- FIG. 9 shows the results of experiments on the effect of BimRNAi on TGF- / 31-induced apoptosis.
- the apoptosis-inducing protein (Bim) and the apoptosis-inducing gene (Bim) used in the present invention used in the present invention are an apoptosis-inducing protein derived from any organism including a mammal such as a human, and a gene thereof. .
- the sequence of the Bim gene is known in various organisms. For example, O'Connor, L., (1998) EMB0 J, 17, 384-395, Mami, U., (2001) FEBS Letters, 509, 135 —141, and Michela, M., (2002) Mol. Cell. Biol, 22, 3577-3589.
- Bel-2 family molecules have been identified that have been implicated in the control of apoptosis.
- the structural feature of this family molecule is that it has several domains called BH1, BH2, BH3, and BH4 that have high homology to Bel-2, and from its structure and function, it has three subfamilies. are categorized.
- Bel-2 subfamily (Bel-2, Bel-xL), which has BH1, BH2, BH3, and BH4 domains and has apoptosis-suppressing activity
- Bax subfamily (Bax which has BH1, BH2, and BH3 domains and has apoptosis-promoting activity) And Bak)
- BH3 only proteins (Bim, Bik, Bad, Bid, Hrk / DP5, Noxa, Puma, Bmf) that have only the BH3 domain and have a pro-apoptotic effect.
- BH3 only protein binds to the Bel-2 subfamily and Bax subfamily via the BH3 domain and promotes apoptosis.
- the apotosis gene (Bim) used in the present invention belongs to the BH3 only protein.
- a human-derived apoptosis-inducing protein (Bim) can be particularly preferably used.
- the amino acid sequence and the base sequence of the human-derived apoptosis-inducing protein (Bim) are known, and examples thereof are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 4 in the sequence listing. Shows the DNA nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of Bim s in SEQ ID NO: 1 and 2 shows the DNA nucleotide sequence and Amino acid sequence of Bim AD in SEQ ID NO: 3 and 4.
- apoptosis-inducing protein (B im) or apoptosis-inducing gene (B im) j has not only the above-mentioned naturally occurring wild-type protein and wild-type gene but also an activity of inducing apoptosis. To the extent that they include all such variants or homologs.
- the mutant or homologous proteins include the following.
- a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence having 95% or more homology with the amino acid sequence of a wild-type Bim protein and having an activity of inducing apoptosis;
- the range of "one to several" in the "amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids have been deleted, substituted and / or added” is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1 to 20 and preferably 1 to 1 It means about 0, more preferably about 1 to 7, more preferably about 1 to 5, and particularly preferably about 1 to 3.
- the amino acid sequence having a homology of 95% or more means that the amino acid homology is at least 95% or more, and the homology is preferably 96% or more. % Or more, more preferably 97% or more.
- protein having an activity to induce apoptosis means a protein having an activity capable of promoting TGF- induced apoptosis.
- Whether a protein has the activity to promote the induction of apoptosis by TGF- can be determined, for example, by introducing DNA encoding the protein into cells capable of inducing apoptosis by TGF-.
- apoptosis is induced by adding TGF- to the expressed cells and inducing apoptosis, it can be detected by examining whether or not the overexpression of the DNA increases the number of cells that induce apoptosis.
- mutant genes or homologous genes include the following.
- a gene comprising a nucleotide sequence in which one or several nucleotides are deleted, substituted and / or added in the nucleotide sequence of a wild-type Bim gene, and encoding a protein having an activity of inducing apoptosis;
- ⁇ one or several '' in the ⁇ base sequence in which one or several bases are deleted, substituted and Z or added in the base sequence '' as used herein is not particularly limited. It means about 60, preferably 1 to 30, more preferably 1 to 20, even more preferably 1 to 10, and particularly preferably about 1 to 5.
- hybridize under stringent conditions means that a probe is labeled under normal conditions (for example, when a probe is labeled with DIG DNA Labeling kit (Cat No. 1 75033 manufactured by Boehringer Mannheim). Hybridized in DIGE asy Hyb solution (Boehringer's Mannheim Cat. No. 1603558) at 32 ° C, containing 0.5 XSSC solution at 50 (0.1% [w / v] SDS) ), Under conditions where the membrane is washed (1330 is 0.15 M Na C 1, 0.015 M sodium citrate) under Southern hybridization conditions, as long as it hybridizes to the B im gene. .
- DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions includes the probe and DNA having a certain degree of homology with the nucleotide sequence of the DNA to be used as the DNA, for example, 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, further preferably 93% or more, particularly preferably Is a DNA having a homology of 95% or more, most preferably 98% or more.
- the method for obtaining the Bim gene used in the present invention is not particularly limited. Based on the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence information shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 4 in the sequence listing of this specification, appropriate probes and primers are prepared, and human cDNA library is prepared using them.
- a desired gene can be isolated by selecting a desired clone from those (prepared from appropriate cells in which the gene of the present invention is expressed) in accordance with a conventional method.
- the gene of the present invention can also be obtained by the PCR method.
- a chromosomal DNA or cDNA library derived from human cultured cells is used as type II, and PCR is performed using a pair of primers designed to amplify the desired Bim gene.
- PCR reaction conditions can be set as appropriate, and include, for example, 94 ° C for 30 seconds (denaturation), 55 ° C for 30 seconds to 1 minute (annealing), and 72 ° C for 2 minutes (extension).
- the reaction step may be one cycle, for example, conditions in which 30 cycles are performed, and then the reaction is performed for 7 minutes at 72 ° C.
- the amplified DNA fragment is transferred to an appropriate vector that can be propagated in a host such as E. coli.
- Operations such as preparation of the above-described probe or primer, construction of a cDNA library, screening of a cDNA library, and cloning of a target gene are known to those skilled in the art. It can be carried out according to the method described in Molecular Clawing, 2nd edition, Current 'Protocolnoles' in Molecular Biology.
- one or several bases have a deletion, substitution, Z or addition base sequence, and induce apoptosis.
- (Mutant gene) that encodes a protein having an active activity can also be produced by any method known to those skilled in the art, such as chemical synthesis, genetic engineering techniques, or mutagenesis.
- a mutated DNA can be obtained by using a DNA having the base sequence of the Bim gene and introducing a mutation into these DNAs.
- the method can be carried out using a method in which DNA having the base sequence of the Bim gene is brought into contact with a drug as a mutagen, a method of irradiating ultraviolet rays, a genetic engineering technique, or the like.
- Site-directed mutagenesis which is one of the genetic engineering techniques, is useful because it is a technique that can introduce a specific mutation at a specific position, and is useful in molecular cloning, second edition, current protocol / lesion. ⁇ In ⁇ Molecular ⁇ Biology, etc.
- the DNA mutant can be used in the present invention as long as it encodes a protein having an activity of inducing apoptosis.
- the gene comprising a base sequence that hybridizes under stringent conditions to the base sequence of the Bim gene and that encodes a protein having an activity of inducing apoptosis, as described above, under the conditions described above. It can be obtained by performing a co-original hybridization method, a plaque hybridization method, a Southern plot hybridization method, or the like under a certain hybridization condition.
- an apoptosis inhibitor using an antibody against an apoptosis-inducing protein is provided.
- a polyclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody may be used as long as it can specifically bind to the apoptosis-inducing protein. May be any of monoclonal antibodies.
- Polyclonal antibodies can be prepared by separating and purifying serum obtained from animals immunized with the antigen.
- Monoclonal antibodies are prepared by fusing antibody-producing cells obtained from an animal immunized with an antigen with myeloma cells to produce a hybridoma, and culturing the hybridoma or administering the hybridoma to an animal to cause the animal to develop ascites carcinoma. Then, the above-mentioned culture solution or ascites can be separated and purified.
- the antigen can be obtained by purifying the protein of the present invention from various human cultured cells, or by transforming a recombinant vector containing a DNA encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or a mutant sequence thereof or a protein having a part thereof into E. coli.
- the protein can be prepared by introducing into a host such as yeast, animal cells or insect cells, expressing the DNA, and separating and purifying the protein.
- the antigen can also be prepared by synthesizing a peptide having a partial sequence of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 using an amino acid synthesizer.
- the antigen may be directly administered subcutaneously, intravenously, or intraperitoneally to a non-human mammal such as a rabbit, a goat, a rat, a mouse, a hamster, or the like. It can be administered to whole limpet by binding to a carrier protein with high antigenicity such as mosinin, bovine serum albumin, bovine chilogue purine, etc., or Freund's complete adjuvant (Comp 1 ete Freund's Adjuvant), It is also preferable to administer with an appropriate adjuvant such as an aluminum hydroxide gel or a pertussis vaccine.
- a carrier protein with high antigenicity such as mosinin, bovine serum albumin, bovine chilogue purine, etc.
- Freund's complete adjuvant Comp 1 ete Freund's Adjuvant
- an appropriate adjuvant such as an aluminum hydroxide gel or a pertussis vaccine.
- the antigen can be administered 3 to 10 times every 1 to 2 weeks after the first administration. Three to seven days after each administration, blood is collected from the fundus venous plexus, and the ability of the serum to react with the antigen used for immunization is determined by measuring the antibody titer according to an enzyme immunoassay or the like.
- a non-human mammal whose serum shows a sufficient antibody titer against the antigen used for immunization can be used as a source of serum or antibody-producing cells.
- a polyclonal antibody can be prepared by separating and purifying the above serum.
- Monoclonal antibodies include the antibody-producing cells and non-human mammal-derived myeloma cells.
- the hybridoma is prepared by culturing the hybridoma and culturing the hybridoma, or administering the hybridoma to an animal to cause the animal to become ascites cancer, and separating and purifying the culture solution or ascites. it can.
- As antibody-producing cells, spleen cells, lymph nodes, and antibody-producing cells in peripheral blood can be used, and spleen cells can be particularly preferably used.
- Myeloma cells include the 8-azaguanine-resistant mouse (derived from BALB / c) myeloma cell line P3—X63Ag8—U1 (P3-U1) strain [Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 18, 1-7 (1978)], P 3-NS 1 / ⁇ -Ag 41 (NS-1) strain [European J. Immunology, 6, 511-519 (1976)], SP 2 / 0-Ag 14 (S P_2) strain [Nature, 276, 269-270 (1978)], P3-X63-Ag8653 (6553) strain [J. Immunology, 123, 1548-1550 (1979)], P3-X63-Ag8 ( X 63) Strains [Nature, 256, 495-497 (1975)] and the like can be used.
- Hybridoma cells can be prepared by the following method. First, antibody-producing cells and myeloma cells are mixed, suspended in a HAT medium [a medium in which hypoxanthine, thymidine and aminobuterin are added to a normal medium], and cultured for 7 to 14 days. After the cultivation, a portion of the culture supernatant is removed, and those that react with the antigen but do not react with the protein containing no antigen are selected by enzyme immunoassay or the like. Next, cloning is performed by the limiting dilution method, and those with a stable and high antibody titer determined by the enzyme immunoassay are selected as monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma cells. Monoclonal antibodies can be prepared by administering a culture solution obtained by culturing hybridoma cells or hybridoma cells into the peritoneal cavity of an animal and causing the animal to undergo ascites cancer to separate and purify the ascites.
- HAT medium a medium in which hypoxant
- Methods for separating and purifying polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies include centrifugation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, caprylic acid precipitation, or DEAE-Sepharose column, anion exchange column, protein A or G-column, or gel filtration column. Processing by chromatography or other methods used alone or in combination There is a way to do.
- antibody used herein includes not only full-length antibodies but also fragments of the antibodies.
- the antibody fragment is preferably a functional fragment, for example, F (ab,) 2 , F ab ′ and the like.
- F (ab,) 2 and F ab ' are produced by treating immoglobulin with a protease (for example, pepsin or papain), and are used between the two H chains in the hinge region. Is an antibody fragment that is produced by digestion before and after the disulfide bond existing in E. coli.
- humanized antibody or a humanized antibody When the antibody of the present invention is used for administration to humans, it is preferable to use a humanized antibody or a humanized antibody in order to reduce immunogenicity.
- humanized antibodies and humanized antibodies can be prepared using mammals such as transgenic mice.
- mammals such as transgenic mice.
- humanized antibodies see, for example, Morrison, S.L. et al.
- a humanized chimeric antibody can be produced by combining the V region of a mouse antibody and the C region of a human antibody by genetic recombination.
- a humanized antibody can be produced by substituting a region other than the complementarity determining site (CDR) from a mouse monoclonal antibody with a sequence derived from a human antibody.
- CDR complementarity determining site
- an antibody capable of specifically binding to the apoptosis-inducing protein (Bim) identified in the present invention and inhibiting its function can be used as an apoptosis inhibitor.
- the antibody of the present invention is used in the form of a pharmaceutical composition as an apoptosis inhibitor, the antibody is used as an active ingredient, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and diluent
- a pharmaceutical composition can be prepared using, for example, immunogenic adjuvants, stabilizers or excipients.
- the apoptosis inhibitor containing the antibody of the present invention can be sterilized by filtration, lyophilized, and formulated into a dosage form in a dosage vial or a stabilized aqueous preparation.
- Administration to a patient can be performed by a method known to those skilled in the art, such as intraarterial injection, intravenous injection, and subcutaneous injection.
- the dosage depends on the weight and age of the patient and the method of administration. Although it fluctuates depending on, for example, those skilled in the art can appropriately select an appropriate dose.
- the dose of the antibody as an active ingredient is generally in the range of about 0.1 ⁇ g to 100 mg per kg of body weight at a time.
- the antibody of the present invention exhibits a therapeutic effect on diseases associated with promotion of apoptosis by suppressing apoptosis.
- the base sequence information of the Bim gene revealed by the present invention for example, by using a probe or a primer having a partial or entire base sequence of the gene, it is possible to obtain Bim in various human tissues.
- the expression of the im gene can be detected.
- the expression of the Bim gene can be detected by a conventional method such as Northern blotting or RT-PCR.
- the Bim gene identified in the present invention is a gene involved in inducing apoptosis in cells. As will be described later, apoptosis is involved in various diseases, so that apoptosis-related diseases can be diagnosed by detecting the expression of the Bim gene.
- the primer is not particularly limited as long as it can specifically amplify only the Bim gene, and can be appropriately set based on known sequence information of the Bim gene.
- an oligonucleotide containing at least 10 contiguous nucleotides in the base sequence of the Bim gene, and an antisense oligonucleotide having a sequence complementary to the oligonucleotide can be used as a probe or primer.
- an oligonucleotide having a continuous nucleotide sequence of 10 to 60 residues, preferably 10 to 40 residues in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the oligonucleotide, Antisense oligonucleotides having complementary sequences can be used.
- the above-described oligonucleotides and antisense oligonucleotides can be produced by a conventional method using a DNA synthesizer.
- the oligonucleotide or the antisense oligonucleotide for example, a part of the mRNA to be detected In the base sequence, a sense primer corresponding to the base sequence at the 5 'end, and an antisense primer corresponding to the base sequence at the 3' end can be mentioned.
- the sense primer or antisense primer is an oligonucleotide whose melting temperature (Tm) or the number of bases does not extremely change, and includes those having about 10 to 60 bases. Those having about 40 bases are preferred.
- derivatives of the above-described oligonucleotides can also be used. For example, a methyl form or a phosphorothioate form of the oligonucleotide can also be used.
- apoptosis of cells can be suppressed by introducing the antisense oligonucleotide into cells to suppress transcription and translation of the Bim gene. That is, according to the present invention, there is provided an apoptosis inhibitor comprising an antisense oligonucleotide having a sequence complementary to an oligonucleotide containing at least 10 consecutive nucleotides in the base sequence of the Bim gene.
- the method for introducing an antisense oligonucleotide into cells can be performed in the same manner as the method for introducing a recombinant vector.
- the method for detecting cell apoptosis is not particularly limited, and examples include microscopic observation, TUNEL method, DNA ladder detection method, quantification of DNA fragmentation rate, and measurement of cell size distribution.
- the TUNEL method is a method for detecting a cut end of DNA caused by apoptosis by labeling it with biotin-digoxigenin using term inaldeoxynucl eotidyltransferase (TdT).
- TdT inaldeoxynucl eotidyltransferase
- the DNA ladder detection method detects chromatin DNA fragmentation caused by apoptosis by extracting DNA from cells and performing agarose gel electrophoresis. The fragmented DNA is detected in a ladder form. .
- Quantification of DNA fragmentation rate is a method in which only fragmented low-molecular-weight DNA is extracted and DNA is quantified using diphenylamine.
- Cell size distribution measurement This is a method in which the contraction or fragmentation of cells due to one cis and the increase of small-sized cells are measured using a particle size measuring device such as Coulter multisizer. By these methods, it is possible to detect whether or not cells are undergoing apoptosis.
- antisense oligonucleotide of the present invention By using the above-described antisense oligonucleotide of the present invention to suppress apoptosis by suppressing transcription or translation of the Bim gene, a disease in which promotion of apoptosis is involved in the disease state (for example, , Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease).
- a disease in which promotion of apoptosis is involved in the disease state for example, Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
- antisense oligonucleotides can be injected into the affected area or the whole body of a patient together with a suitable carrier (eg, ribosome or cholesterol) with high affinity for cell membranes, which is used to assist in uptake into cells.
- a suitable carrier eg, ribosome or cholesterol
- the above-mentioned disease can be treated by injecting into a patient's cell to suppress apoptosis.
- RNAi instead of using the antisense oligonucleotide described in (4) above.
- RNAi RNAinterference
- dsRNA double-stranded RNA
- a double-stranded RNA containing at least 10 consecutive nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence of RNA transcribed from the nucleotide sequence of the apoptosis-inducing gene (Bim gene) of the present invention, or encodes the same.
- DNA is provided.
- the DNA encoding the double-stranded RNA include a DNA having an inverted repeat of an apoptosis-inducing gene (Bim gene) or a partial sequence thereof.
- RNAi reagent of the present invention is an RNAi reagent having SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7, particularly (SEQ ID NO: 6) — (linker sequence) 1 (SEQ ID NO: 7).
- RN Ai reagent is an RNAi reagent having SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7, particularly (SEQ ID NO: 6) — (linker sequence) 1 (SEQ ID NO: 7).
- the inverted repeat sequence refers to a sequence in which the target gene and its inverted sequence are juxtaposed via an appropriate sequence. Specifically, when the target gene has a double strand consisting of the following n base sequences,
- the reverse arrangement has the following arrangement:
- the inverted repeat sequence is a sequence in which the above two types of sequences are arranged via an appropriate sequence.
- the inverted repeat sequence there are two cases: a case where the sequence of the target gene is upstream of the sequence of the reverse sequence and a case where the sequence of the reverse sequence is upstream of the sequence of the target gene.
- the inverted repeat sequence used in the present invention may be any of the above, but preferably, the inverted sequence is located upstream of the sequence of the target gene.
- the sequence existing between the sequence of the target gene and its reverse sequence is a region that forms a hairpin loop when transcribed into R ⁇ .
- the length of this region is not particularly limited as long as a hairpin loop can be formed, but is generally from Obp to 700 bp, preferably about 0 to 300 bp, more preferably about 0 to 100 bp. is there.
- a restriction enzyme site may be present in this sequence.
- the inverted repeat sequence of the target gene can be expressed in mammalian cells by incorporating the inverted repeat sequence of the target gene downstream of the promoter sequence operable in the mammal.
- the promoter sequence used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can operate in mammals.
- an apoptosis inhibitor comprising the above-described double-stranded RNA or DNA.
- Diseases in which promotion of apoptosis is involved in disease states by suppressing transcription and Z or translation of the Bim gene using the above-described double-stranded RNA or DNA to suppress apoptosis eg, Alzheimer's disease
- the above-described double-stranded RNA or DNA is used together with a suitable carrier having high affinity for cell membranes (eg, ribosome, cholesterol, etc.), which is used to assist in uptake into cells.
- the above-mentioned diseases can be treated by administering the compound systemically by injection or the like and taking it into the cells of the patient to suppress apoptosis.
- the dose of the double-stranded RNA or DNA as an active ingredient is generally in the range of about 0.1 ⁇ g to 10 mg / kg body weight at a time.
- apoptosis using the apoptosis-inducing protein of the present invention (3) an apoptosis inhibitor using an antibody against the apoptosis-inducing protein (Bim), (4) an oligonucleotide and an antisense oligonucleotide As described in (5) Inhibition of apoptosis by leotide and (5) RNAi, apoptosis can be suppressed by inhibiting the expression or function of the apoptosis-inducing protein (Bim) of the present invention. is there. Thus, all methods for suppressing apoptosis by inhibiting the expression and / or function of the apoptosis-inducing protein of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
- the method for suppressing apoptosis include treatment of a disease accompanied by promotion of apoptosis, and a method for suppressing cell death due to apoptosis.
- a method for suppressing cell death due to apoptosis For example, the following (a) production of a useful protein, and (B) Transplanted cells Examples of use are described.
- Cell lines that produce useful proteins may cause cell death due to cytotoxicity of the proteins produced during long-term culture.
- protein production can be performed more efficiently by removing serum from the culture solution, but there is a problem that cell death is induced in the absence of serum. It is known that much of such cell death is due to apoptosis. Therefore, by suppressing apoptosis by the method of the present invention, it becomes possible to increase the production efficiency of useful proteins.
- a technique is used in which nerve cells and dopamine-producing cells of a dead fetus are transplanted into the brain of a patient.
- cell transplantation methods such as blood transfusion, bone marrow transplantation, and eXViVo methods in gene therapy, are used to introduce autologous or other cells into patients.
- Transplanted cells generally undergo cell death due to apoptosis and the like, and are difficult to maintain for long periods. Therefore, by suppressing apoptosis by the method of the present invention, an effect can be obtained in organ transplantation or cell transplantation therapy.
- an apoptosis inhibitor comprising a substance that inhibits the expression or function of the apoptosis-inducing protein of the present invention is also within the scope of the present invention.
- Specific examples of the substance that inhibits the expression and / or function of the apoptosis-inducing protein of the present invention include the antibody described in (4) above, the antisense oligonucleotide described in (5) herein, and Examples include, but are not limited to, the double-stranded RNA described in (6) or the DNA encoding the same.
- a method of promoting apoptosis by increasing the expression and / or function of the apoptosis-inducing protein (Bim) is also within the scope of the present invention.
- apoptosis-promoting agents comprising Z or a substance that increases function are also within the scope of the present invention.
- Methods for increasing the expression and Z or function of apoptosis-inducing protein (B im) include a method for introducing a gene encoding B im into cells, and a factor that acts on the promoter region of the gene to increase its expression. Alternatively, a method of introducing a gene encoding the gene into a cell may be used.
- Whether or not apoptosis is suppressed or promoted and the degree thereof are determined by methods such as the microscopic observation, TUNEL method, DNA ladder detection method, quantitative determination of DNA fragmentation rate, and measurement of cell size distribution described above. Can be detected.
- a substance that suppresses or promotes apoptosis can be screened by using a change in the expression and / or function of the apoptosis-inducing protein (Bim) identified by the present invention as an index.
- Bim apoptosis-inducing protein identified by the present invention.
- cells containing the gene encoding Bim are cultured together with TGF_j3 in the presence or absence of the test substance, and the expression of the Bim in accordance with the presence or absence of the test substance is determined.
- a substance that suppresses or promotes apoptosis can be screened using the change in Z or function as an index.
- the expression level of the apoptosis-inducing protein at the mRNA level can be measured by a conventional method such as Northern blot or RT-PCR, and the expression level at the protein level can be determined by 3) It can be performed by usual immunoassay such as Western blot or ELISA using the described antibody. Specifically, it can be carried out by a conventional method known to those skilled in the art described in Molecular Clawing Second Edition or Ryrent Protocols' in. Molecular Biology.
- the analysis of the change in the function of the apoptosis-inducing protein can be analyzed by measuring the presence or absence or degree of inhibition or promotion of apoptosis induction.
- the above measurement of apoptosis induction the above-mentioned microscopic observation, TUNEL method, DNA ladder detection method, quantification of DNA fragmentation rate, cell size distribution measurement It can be carried out according to fixed conditions.
- test substance Any substance can be used as a test substance to be subjected to the screening method of the present invention.
- the type of the test substance is not particularly limited, and may be an individual low-molecular-weight synthetic compound, a compound present in a natural product extract, or a synthetic peptide.
- the test compound may also be a compound library, phage display library or combinatorial library.
- the test substance is preferably a low-molecular compound, and a compound library of low-molecular compounds is preferable.
- the construction of a compound library is known to those skilled in the art, and a commercially available compound library can also be used.
- Apoptosis is not only a normal physiological process, but also the development of serious diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases (eg, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, etc.) and neurodegenerative diseases. It is known to be involved. For example, malignant transformation of cancer cells is thought to be caused by the inhibition of apoptotic processes in cancer cells and the continued growth of cells that should have died (Harris, CC, (1996) J. Natl. Cancer). Instit., 88, 1442-1445).
- Autoimmune diseases are also caused by the fact that immune cells that respond to their own antigens, which are supposed to be eliminated by apoptosis during development, are not eliminated by abnormal apoptosis control (Rieux- Laucat, F. et al., (1995) Science, 268, 1347-1349).
- Neurodegenerative diseases eg, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's chorea, etc.
- have been attributed to abnormally enhanced apoptosis (Wolozin, B., et al., ( 1996) Science, 274, 1710-1713).
- the above-mentioned apoptosis inhibitor of the present invention is considered to be particularly effective as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases.
- the apoptosis-promoting substance is considered to be particularly effective as a therapeutic agent for various cancers and as a therapeutic agent for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatism.
- the therapeutic agent for a disease involving apoptosis containing the apoptosis-suppressing substance and the apoptosis-promoting substance as effective components according to the present invention can be orally or parenterally administered whole or locally.
- Parenteral administration methods include infusion Injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection and the like.
- the administration method can be appropriately selected depending on the age and symptoms of the patient.
- the dose varies depending on the age, administration route and number of administrations, and can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
- Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include, for example, those containing additives such as stabilizers, buffers, preservatives, and isotonic agents, and those containing pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and additives. May be.
- additives such as stabilizers, buffers, preservatives, and isotonic agents
- pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and additives May be.
- examples of such carriers and additives include water, organic solvents, high molecular compounds (collagen, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.), stearic acid, human serum albumin (HSA), mannitol, turbitol, lactose, surfactants, etc. But are not limited to these.
- JRS Oligotex-dT30
- G3PDH was used as a loading control and PAI-1 was used as a positive control for the TGF-] 31 response.
- the 0RF of Bim was searched by httg of BLASTN of NCBI, and the BAC clone RP11-438K19 was selected. RP11-438K19 was confirmed to be normal in comparison with the DNA sequence of the NCBI human genome, and a DNA fragment 5.7 kb upstream of Bim's 0RF (base sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 in the sequence listing) was confirmed. A reporter was introduced into the pGL3 promoter vector (Promega). Figure 3 shows an overview of Bim's reporter construction.
- Example 4 Effect of Smad on Bim's Reporter Construction
- TGF-II 10 hours after the introduction of the reporter, 10 ng TGF-II (R & D) was added to the solution at a concentration of / ml, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 24 hours.
- the luciferase was measured using a Dual-Luciferase Repoter Assay system (Promega) and luciferase assay was performed.
- the results in Figure 2 suggest that Bim activates transcription in a Smad3- and Smad4-dependent manner
- Example 5 Effect of Bim deletion mutant on apoptosis induced by TGF- / 31
- the deletion mutant was prepared by PCR using Bim AD cDNA as a template.
- BMprimer 15 -ATATGAATTCATGGCAAAGCAACCTTCTG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 8) BMprimer 25, -ATATGAATTCGGGGCCCCTACCTCCCTACA-3' (SEQ ID NO: 9) BMprimer 35 ' 3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1) BMprimer 5 5' -ATATCTCGAGGTTAAACTCGTCTCCGATAC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1) BMprimer 6 5' -ATATCTCGAGTCAATGCATTCTCCACACCAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1)
- Bim s AN30 The amino acid sequence from the 31st to the 76th in the amino acid sequence of Bim s
- Bim s AN51 Amino acid sequence with Leu Gly Lys added to the C-terminal of the amino acid sequence from position 52 to position 76 in the amino acid sequence of Bim s
- Bim s AN61 Amino acid sequence with the addition of Leu Gly Lys at the C-terminus of the amino acid sequence from position 62 to position 76 in the amino acid sequence of Bim s
- Bim s A C70 Amino acid sequence from 1st to 70th amino acid in Bim s amino acid sequence
- BH3 Bim s Amino acid sequence from 62nd Amino acid sequence up to 70th
- Fig. 4 shows the results. From the results of FIG. 4, the apoptosis that will be induced by TGF-31 it was shown to be due connexion suppressed for gene transfer Bim s delta N51.
- Example 6 Effect of dominant negative mutant of Bim on apoptosis induced by Bim
- Bim s AN51 was suggested to be a dominant negative variant variant of Bim.
- Example 7 Effect of dominant negative mutant of Bim on apoptosis induced by TGF- ⁇ 1
- RNAi of Bim was create synthetic Origo (Bim RNAi F1 and Bim RNAi Rl) from 92 th Bim s based on 123 th DNA base sequence.
- FIG. 7 shows an outline of the construction of a vector that expresses Bim RNAi.
- Example 10 Effect of Bim RNAi on apoptosis induced by TGF-] 31 0.01 ⁇ g of pSHAG—BimRNAi together with 0.25 ⁇ g of LacZ expression plasmid was added to 1 ⁇ 10 4 Hep3B cells TM Gene transfer was performed using Transfection Reagent (QIAGEN). Eighteen hours after the gene transfer, the medium was replaced with a DMEM medium (0% FBS), TGF-1 was added to a concentration of 5 ng / ml, and the cells were cultured for 24 hours. Twenty-four hours after treatment with TGF-j31, the cells were fixed with 1% daltaraldehyde and stained with X-gal. The results are shown in FIG. The results in Figure 9 suggest that apoptosis induced by TGF-] 31 is inhibited by Bim RNAi, and that Bim plays an important role in TGF-] 31-induced apoptosis. Was. Industrial applicability
- a novel apoptosis-inducing gene has been identified.
- expression of the present gene in each tissue can be detected, and an apoptosis-inducing protein can be produced by genetic engineering.
- the gene of the present invention it is possible to diagnose an apoptosis-related disease and to screen for an apoptosis inhibitor or promoter.
- the gene of the present invention is extremely useful for developing a method for preventing and treating a disease using a gene therapy antisense oligonucleotide for the purpose of suppressing apoptosis.
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| JPH10508575A (ja) * | 1994-08-30 | 1998-08-25 | ユニバーシティ オブ ダンディー | アポトーシス誘導剤及び治療法における該誘導剤の適用 |
| JP2001514004A (ja) * | 1997-08-26 | 2001-09-11 | アイドゥン ファーマシューティカルズ, インコーポレイテッド | アポトーシスプロテアーゼであるカスパーゼ−14、それをコードする核酸、およびその使用方法 |
| JP2001524301A (ja) * | 1997-09-17 | 2001-12-04 | ザ・ワルター・アンド・エリザ・ホール・インスティテュート・オヴ・メディカル・リサーチ | 新規治療用分子 |
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| JP2002541859A (ja) * | 1999-04-15 | 2002-12-10 | デフヘン・ナムローゼ・フェンノートシャップ | 化合物スクリーニング方法 |
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| JPH10508575A (ja) * | 1994-08-30 | 1998-08-25 | ユニバーシティ オブ ダンディー | アポトーシス誘導剤及び治療法における該誘導剤の適用 |
| JP2001514004A (ja) * | 1997-08-26 | 2001-09-11 | アイドゥン ファーマシューティカルズ, インコーポレイテッド | アポトーシスプロテアーゼであるカスパーゼ−14、それをコードする核酸、およびその使用方法 |
| JP2001524301A (ja) * | 1997-09-17 | 2001-12-04 | ザ・ワルター・アンド・エリザ・ホール・インスティテュート・オヴ・メディカル・リサーチ | 新規治療用分子 |
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| JP2002541859A (ja) * | 1999-04-15 | 2002-12-10 | デフヘン・ナムローゼ・フェンノートシャップ | 化合物スクリーニング方法 |
| JP2003514533A (ja) * | 1999-11-19 | 2003-04-22 | キャンサー・リサーチ・ヴェンチャーズ・リミテッド | Dsrnaによる遺伝子発現の阻害 |
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