WO2004091805A1 - Device and method for coating a flat piece - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and method for coating a substrate (8) in particular a flat substrate (8) with the aid of a liquid or particular coating material (5) Such methods are particularly needed for applying a powder painting to flat metals like, for example steel and aluminium sheets, metallic or plastic films, paper strips, for example wallpaper, plate flanges and extruded materials (profiles, tubes), plastic boards, wood and wood material boards, for example mean-density and high-density fibre boards and rock wool-based noise insulating boards. Said method relates to flat and shaped materials having non-coated and coated edges. The inventive device is characterised in that at least first highly energised electroconductive and/or semiconductive means is arranged between the output orifice of a spraying device and a substrate (8) transporting device and is used for spraying the coating material (5).

Description

Device and method for coating flat parts

The present invention relates to a device and a method for coating a substrate, in particular a flat substrate, with a liquid or particulate coating material. Such methods are required in particular in the area of powder coating applications on flat materials. Suitable areas of application are, for example, steel and aluminum strip material (coil), metal and plastic foils, paper webs, for example wallpaper, sheet metal plates and extruded materials (profiles, pipes), plastic plates, wood and wood-based material plates, for example MDF (medium-density fibreboard) or HDF (high-density fibreboard), rock wool-based acoustic insulation panels, both flat materials without edge coating and flat or profiled panels in which the edge is also coated.

Further areas of application are the electrostatically assisted application of abrasive grain on paper and plastic film, the application of solder powder to extruded materials and, in principle, also the application of wet paint.

So far, two methods are available for electrostatic powder coating:

In the electrostatic powder spray process (EPS process), the powder is fluidized using air and transported via a hose to the spraying device, where it is electrostatically charged and sprayed onto the substrate using nozzles. The deposited powder particles are deposited on the grounded substrate by electrostatic attractive forces. Since only a portion of the sprayed powder reaches the substrate, the non-separated powder (overspray) is removed from the coating booth by suction and returned to the powder container. As a rule, the spraying units are moved up and down (vertical substrate arrangement) or back and forth (horizontal substrate arrangement) by means of an automatic lifting device in order to be able to coat all areas of the substrates moved past the spraying elements by means of a conveying device by overlapping the coating strips. The EPS process is suitable for substrate conveying speeds of up to approx. 15 m / min. The main disadvantages of the EPS process are

- the need associated with the use of spraying devices for the use of ventilation systems and cabin technology as well as the associated high space requirement and the high investment costs, the high air volume flows or air flow velocities when spraying the powder onto the substrates and the resulting turbulence, combined with layer thickness fluctuations and particle size separations, which lead to shifts in the particle size spectrum in the powder cycle and thus to coating defects which are required at high substrate conveying speeds Stroke speeds of the spraying units, which lead to additional air flow turbulence in the spray jet area and thus to additional layer thickness fluctuations, as well as the high system and process engineering effort for the recovery and recycling of the powder that is not deposited on the substrates, especially when using different colored powders.

The applicable ^' layer thickness for the EPS process is in the range of approx. 30-200 / im. Thin-film applications with layer thicknesses <30 μm are generally not possible with this technique, since under-coated areas are unavoidable given the usual fluctuations in layer thickness.

In the electrostatic whirl bath process, the substrates are not sprayed directly, but coated in a cloud of charged powder within a chamber or above a fluidizing tank. The powder particles are not deposited on the substrates here, as in the EPS process, by the combination of spraying with air and electrostatic attraction, but exclusively by electrostatic forces. Disadvantages of this method are, in particular, the limited amount of powder that can be deposited per unit of time and the resultant only low throughput of surface to be coated or the only low process speeds as well as the inaccurate and difficult to control metering of the applied amount of powder and the associated fluctuations in the layer thickness.

The achievable layer thicknesses in the electrostatic whirl bath process are in the same range as in the EPS process, i.e. at approx. 30 to 200 μm. Thin-film applications are generally not possible here either due to the process-related fluctuations in layer thickness.

Due to the disadvantages of the previously common powder coating processes outlined above, the majority of the flat parts to be coated are wet-coated, for example, coils predominantly using the roller application process, flat wooden parts e.g. In the casting process, profiled MDF boards are coated with flat coating processes based on compressed air or airless atomizers with low conveying speeds of approx. 1 m / min.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method and a device with which liquid or particulate coating materials, in particular powders, can be applied in layers of a defined thickness with high constancy and at high process speeds, preferably to flat parts. This object is achieved by the device according to claim 1 and the method according to claim 22. Advantageous developments of the device according to the invention and of the method according to the invention are described in the respective dependent claims.

It is crucial in the present method and the device according to the invention that the coating material, in particular powder, is electrostatically charged by means of a rapidly moving, for example rotating, electrically conductive and / or semi-conductive roller brush or a similar first device. This device serves as an electrode. It is constructed in an electrically insulated manner and has a high voltage between 5 and 100 kV (positive or negative).

Advantageously, as such a first means for further atomizing the coating material, a roller brush, for example with brush hair made of metal or electrically conductive or semiconductive plastic or ceramic, a rotating cell wheel, a rotating braid, for example made of wire, rotating steel wool or also a vibrating brush or other vibrating objects made of electrically conductive or semi-conductive material are used. The electrically conductive and / or semiconductive materials advantageously have a volume resistance 10 10 ¹¹ ohms. This means has an electrically insulated structure and has, for example, a sliding contact or a contact via a ball bearing to a high-voltage generator. In the case of a rotating brush ^'and the like, it can at a speed of between 1 and 100 rpm. The powder is charged by contact with the brush and the corona that occurs, and atomized electrostatically and mechanically by the movement of the agent.

The powder deposits on the substrate by means of electrostatic forces. In the case of an electrically conductive grounded substrate, for example a metallic coil, no further support for the deposition process is required. In the case of electrically insulating or low-conductivity substrates, the deposition can be supported on the back of the substrate by using a charge which is counterpolar to the powder, for example unipolar ionized air.

The method and the device according to the invention now have a number of advantages over the prior art. In particular, many substrates previously ^" predominantly or exclusively coated with wet paint application techniques can be powder coated in the future. However, with the method according to the invention it is also possible to carry out wet paint applications, the agent for atomizing the coating material here producing fine electrically charged paint droplets.

The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are particularly suitable for high throughput speeds of the substrate to be coated in the range up to 3 m / s. In addition, due to the high dosing accuracy when applying the coating material over the entire width of the substrate, the method is also suitable for applications in which only a small amount of coating layering material or a thin coating is applied.

With the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention, powder layers in particular can thus be defined and applied with a hitherto impossible constancy even at high process speeds. Flat parts are preferably coated with the present invention. However, it is also possible to coat profiled flat parts or edges.

Due to the reproducibly controllable amount of the coating material transferred to the substrate, even in the case of very small amounts per unit of time, in contrast to the prior art, thin-layer applications down to a few micrometers in thickness are reproducibly possible. This enables the application area of powder coatings to be expanded considerably, e.g. by substituting wet paint applications.

In the method according to the invention, the powder material is transferred to the substrate without losses, i.e. Complex technical measures for the recovery and circulation of the powder not deposited on the substrate, as they have been required in the previous electrostatic powder application by means of spray organs, are no longer required. This is associated with less space requirement and lower investment costs. Since the powder is not sprayed on as with conventional technology, the associated high compressed air consumption is eliminated.

Since all parts of the system that come into contact with the powder must be cleaned when the color changes, the method according to the invention requires because of the unnecessary recovery system, the color change is also much easier than with conventional powder coating systems, .-:.,

When transferring the powder to the substrate according to the invention, the layer thickness fluctuations and particle size separations customary in the electrostatic powder coating processes according to the prior art do not occur. The amount of powder to be transferred can be reproducibly controlled over a wide range, so that constant layer thicknesses can be generated both at low and at high conveying speeds of the substrate. In particular, very thin layers down to a few μm thickness can be reproducibly produced.

The process according to the invention thus not only replaces the EPS processes which have hitherto been used for powder coating, but also, in particular, also ^" different wet coating application processes ^" such as casting processes, roller application processes or compressed air and airless atomization in flat coating machines.

According to the invention, the coating material is fed from a fluidizing container into which, for example, the agent for further atomizing the coating material is partially immersed. The powder can also be preloaded in the fluidizing container, as is already known in electrostatic fluidized beds with the help of unipolar ionized air.

As an alternative, the coating material can also consist of a gap or a Solutions of a fluidizing container are trickled into the area of influence of the atomizing agent. Here, too, the powder can be preloaded electrostatically in the fluidizing container. Another possibility to bring the coating material from the fluidizing container into the area of influence of the atomizing agent is to use a transfer device, for example a transfer belt or a transfer roller, which is coated with coating material by means of an electrostatic fluidized bed in a fluidizing container. For this purpose, the transfer belt or the transfer roller can also be immersed in the fluid bed. The coating material is then removed by the atomizing agent from the transfer belt or the transfer roller, electrostatically charged and further atomized and then applied to the substrate. The transfer belt and / or the transfer roller advantageously have, in particular on their surface receiving and transferring the coating material, an electrical valley width of the or insulating material or consist thereof, advantageously with a volume resistance ≥ 10 ⁷ Ω, advantageously between 10 ⁷ Ω and 10 ¹⁸ Ω , advantageously between 10 ⁹ Ω and 10 ¹⁸ Ω.

Advantageously, the applied powder in the fluidizing container is continuously replaced by powder metering in order to ensure a constant filling level and thus constant powder quantities transferred to the substrate.

Advantageously, the first atomizing agent, for example the brush, can also face at an angle around the axis perpendicular to the plane that is spanned by the planar extent of the substrate the substrate or the substrate transport direction may be arranged rotated. In reverse of this principle, the substrate, for example plates to be coated, can also be arranged with its front edge obliquely instead of transversely to its transport direction, so that in all cases the front and rear edge or the lateral edges are opposite the line on which the substrate passes the atomizing agent is applied, is twisted. In this case, it is then also possible to coat lateral edges and profiles.

Advantageously, further high-voltage electrodes can also be arranged between the first sputtering agent and the substrate, as is known, for example, from the so-called MSC method (Material Science Corporation, see, for example, US Pat. No. 5,769,276 A). In this method, the coating powder is corona charged exclusively by wire electrodes which are arranged directly in front of the ^" substrate ^" . Such wire electrodes can also be used in the present method in order to increase the electrostatic charge due to the corona discharge of the atomizing agent.

Depending on the use of a suitable metering system, the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are variable from very low conveying speeds <0.01 m / s (for example metered via transfer belt or transfer roller) to over 3 m / min (for example via a trickling method) from a metering gap of a fluidizing container) adjustable. The powder mass flow to be metered can therefore, depending on the conveying speed and coating width, between 0.1 g / s and 5000 g / s, advantageously between see 1 g / s and 500g / s or even outside of these values. The useful width of the present device is very variable and can be, for example, between 1 mm and 10 m, advantageously between <10 mm and over 2 m.

The method according to the invention can be used, in particular, to process electrically insulating or also electrically conductive powders, since the powder is charged by means of a corona using the atomizing agent, for example a rotating brush. ■

Some examples of devices and methods according to the invention will now be described below. 1 to 8 show various devices according to the invention for coating substrates, for example strips (coils) or plates with powder or droplet-shaped coating material, and FIG. 9 shows various means for further atomizing and electrostatically charging the coating material.

The same or similar reference numerals are used in all the figures for the same or similar elements.

1 shows a device for coating a flat substrate 8 with a coating material 5, for example a powder. The substrate 8 is transported in the direction of arrow B by means of a transport device, not shown, and is grounded. Above the surface of the substrate 8 to be coated is a fluidizing container 1 with a fluid made of powder particles. The fluidizing air is supplied to this fluidizing container via a nozzle 3 in the direction of arrow A. By doing Room 4 above the fluid bed 2 is a high voltage roller 7 with wire brush hair. This high-voltage roller 7 rotates in the direction of arrow D and dips with its brush hair into the fluid bed 2. It essentially serves to transfer and charge the powder

5 by means of corona discharge, but not yet directly to apply the powder to the substrate 8. This brush 7 is stored in an insulated manner and is connected to a high-voltage source, for example, via sliding contacts.

There is a powder outlet next to the fluid bed 2

6 from the fluidizing container 1, which ends at the bottom of the fluidizing container 1, from where the powder is then applied to the substrate 8 as a coating 9. At the outlet 6 directly above the substrate 8 there is a brush 10, which consists of metal and is mounted in an electrically insulated manner as a means for further atomizing the coating material 5. It is also connected to a high voltage source with a voltage between 1 and 500 kV. This brush now rotates at a speed between 0.1 U / s and 500 U / s, advantageously between

1 U / s to 100 U / s, advantageously between 5 U / s and 20 U / s. The powder is both mechanically atomized by this brush and electrically charged via corona discharge, so that a very fine, very strongly electrostatically charged powder cloud is formed above the substrate 8. This is deposited as a coating 9 on the substrate 8 when the substrate 8 is moved in the direction of the arrow B.

Optionally, the fluidizing air can also be unipolarly ionized, so that a first electrostatic charging of the powder 5 takes place in the fluid bed 2. As substrates, inter alia, band-shaped substrates (coil) can be coated or also plate-shaped substrates, such as MDF boards and the like. Cellular wheels, vibrating strip brushes, various wire meshes or steel wool or also other electrically chargeable and movable means are suitable as alternatives to the rotating brush in the devices shown.

FIG. 2 shows a device similar to that in FIG. 1, in which case now no flat band-shaped substrate 8 is coated, but rather a plate-shaped substrate 8a to 8c. This is mounted on a conveyor belt 12 as a transport device, which in turn is grounded and moves the substrate in the direction of arrow B. With regard to the fluidizing container 1 and the further arrangement of the rotatable brushes, this arrangement is identical to that in FIG. 1, but it is doubled in mirror symmetry. There are therefore two brushes 7a, 7b arranged one above the other in the transport direction of the substrates 8a to 8c, and two outlets 6a, 6b in front of and behind the fluidizing bed, at the ends of which two brushes 10a, 10b are arranged. These rotate in the direction of the arrows C1 and C2 atomize the powder 5a, 5b and charge it electrostatically due to corona discharge. Below the brushes 10a and 10b, two baffles 11a and 11b are arranged, which cause the powder 5a or 5b to strike the surface of the substrates 8a-8c at an oblique angle from above. This can cause the front edges of the substrates 8a-8c to be additionally coated by the brush 10a and the rear edges of the substrates 8a-8c by the brush 10b. FIG. 2A shows a top view of the arrangement of the substrates 8a-8c and the brushes 10a, 10b from FIG. 2B. On the conveyor belt 12, the substrates 8a to 8c are aligned parallel to the transport direction B, ie their side edges are parallel and their front and rear edges are oriented transversely to the transport direction B. However, the fluidizing container 1, the outlets 6a, 6b and the brushes 10a and 10b are arranged at an angle to the line of the front and rear edges of the substrates 8a-8c. Since the powder not only obliquely from above against the direction of transport B by the brush 10a or in the direction of transport B by the brush 10b, but also obliquely to the right side edge in the direction of transport B by the brush 10a and obliquely to the corresponding left If the side edge is dusted by the brush 10b, the side edges of the substrates 8a, 8b are also coated by the powder 5a, 5b.

FIG. 3 shows a further device in which, as can be seen in FIG. 3C, a fluidizing container 1 with a fluid bed 2 is arranged above a band-shaped substrate 8. This substrate 8 is grounded and is transported in the direction of arrow B. The fluidizing container 1 now has a trickle opening 6a, 6b in the direction of movement B of the substrate 8 on the front and rear, through which the powder 5a, 5b is sprinkled onto roller brushes 10a, 10a 'and 10b, 10b'. These roller brushes 10a, 10a 'and 10b, 10b' are arranged in pairs with mutually parallel axes of rotation, rotate in opposite directions in the direction of the arrows Cl, Cl 'in FIG. 3A and are charged with high voltage. These brushes therefore lead to mechanical atomization of the pulse verse 5a or 5b and a strong electrostatic charge due to the corona.

In this way, a very fine and electrostatically charged powder cloud is generated, ^'with a very thin and uniform homogeneous coating 9 can be produced on the substrate. 8 3B shows an arrangement in which plates 8 are arranged on a conveyor belt 12, the axis of rotation of the brushes 10a, 10a ', 10b, 10b', the longitudinal axes of the trickle openings 6a, 6b and the orientation of the fluidizing container 1 transversely to the direction of transport B. are arranged at an angle between 0 ° and 90 °. In this way, in turn, a front and back coating and in particular a lateral edge coating of the plates 8 can be achieved.

Suitable as trickle openings 6a, 6b are, on the one hand, gap-shaped trickle openings or also a series of punctiform trickle openings.

A modification of the device according to FIG. 3, as shown in FIG. 4, can be used for a vertical coating. Here, too, a fluidizing container 1 is again provided, which has trickling openings 6a, 6b. Immediately in front of the trickle openings 6a, 6b, a high-voltage roller brush 10a, 10b is arranged, which atomizes the trickling powder 5 and charges it electrically. The roller brushes 10a, 10b are shielded by baffles 11a, 12a and 11b, 12b so that they form a powder channel directed in the direction of the substrate 8. As a result, the powder is directed directly from the roller brushes 10a, 10b onto the substrate. 5 shows a further device, in which case the substrates in the form of plates 8a to 8f are suspended vertically on a transport device 14, 15. This transport device 14 transports the substrates 8a to 8f past a fluidizing container 1 with a nozzle 3 for the supply of fluidizing air. A roller brush 10 ^'is also arranged vertically between the fluidizing container 1 and the substrates 8a to 8f, ie with a vertical axis of rotation. In the vertical direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the brush 10 1 trickle openings 6a to 6f are arranged in the fluidizing tank. This size of the opening of the trickle openings 6a to 6f decreases downwards. Through this trickling opening, powder material is sprinkled onto the brush 10, which atomizes it and then applies it to the substrates 8a-8f. Here, too, the guide plates are again provided between the fluidising 13 1 and the roller brush 10, the üngen the gap between these two elements including the Ausrieselöff- 6a-6 ^'f outward to shield, thus avoiding loss of powder to the environment.

6, in particular FIG. 6B, shows a further device according to the invention, in which a transfer device 20, 21a-21c, 22 is arranged between the fluidizing container 1 and the roller brush 10 carrying high voltage. A transfer belt 20 is used as the transfer device, which is guided past the brush 10 directly via deflection rollers 21a, 21b, 21c. In the further course, the transfer belt 20 is transported in the direction of the arrows E to the fluidizing container 1 and is immersed there in the fluid bed 2. It picks up powder 5 and in turn is guided to brush 10 with this powder. The brush 10 strips this powder from the transfer belt, atomizes it and charges it electrostatically. In turn, a powder cloud is generated, which is deposited as a coating 9 on a strip-shaped substrate 8. Both the substrate 8 and the deflection rollers 21a, 21b, 21c and the transfer belt 20 are grounded.

FIG. 6A shows a detail from the coating area in FIG. 6B. The transfer belt 20 is passed directly past the brush 10, which rotates in the direction of the arrow C. As a result, the powder 5 adhering to the transfer belt 20 and already electrically charged in the fluidizing bed 2 is stripped from the transfer belt 20 by the brush 10 and further electrostatically charged due to the high voltage of the brush by means of corona discharge. The powder is thrown by the brush in the direction of arrow H to the substrate 8 and deposited there as a coating 9.

In the example in FIG. 6, there is an electrically conductive substrate 8 that is grounded. Due to the powder, this substrate receives 5 influential charges which have the opposite polarity, namely positive polarity. However, these can flow off via the grounding of the substrate 8. This ensures that the substrate 8 can be coated completely and uniformly.

FIG. 7 shows a further device according to the invention, in which, however, a roller 23 is used as the transfer device, which moves in the direction of the arrow G. This roller is immersed in the fluidizing container 1 in the space 4 above the fluid bed 2. It is itself grounded and picks up electrostatically charged powder 5 as a coating. However, the powder 5 is previously leading, in the direction of arrow D rotating roller 7 electrically charged, which dips into the fluid bed 2. As a result, the powder 5 adheres to the grounded roller 23.

Between the transfer roller 23 and the substrate 8 there is in turn, according to the invention, a means 10, for example a roller brush 10, for further atomization of the powder 5. This roller brush 10 carries high voltage, strips the powder 5 from the transfer roller 23 and charges it electrostatically and atomizes it mechanically on top of that. The electrostatically charged powder 5 is spun by the brush 10 in the direction of the substrate 8 and deposited there as a coating 9.

FIG. 8 shows a further corresponding device as in FIG. 7, but here the brush 10, which rotates in the direction of the arrow C, is further away from the substrate 8. Again, the metering or trans ^' fex ^' roller 23 or transfer roller 23 is conductive and grounded and has a jacket made of insulating material. The metering roller 23 is thus constructed as in FIG. 7.

The metering roller 23 is immersed both in the fluid bed 2 and in the space 4 above the fluid bed. In contrast to FIG. 7, no roller 7 is provided, but the powder 5 is already electrostatically charged by means of unipolar 'ionized fluidizing air, so that it is deposited on the metering roller 23. Between the metering roller 23 and the wall of the fluidizing container 1 there is a gap 24 in the area of the fluid bed 2. If this is chosen small enough, for example less than approx. 5 mm, advantageously less than approx. 1 mm, dg.s. powder-coated ver do not flow out of the fluid bed 2 through this gap 24. This ensures the seal between the fluidizing container 1 and the roller 23.

The high-voltage brush 10 now removes the powder 5 from the metering roller 23, charges it electrostatically and generates a powder jet in the direction of the substrate 8, where the powder 5 is deposited as a coating 9.

All embodiments with transfer devices, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 have the advantage that a very precise and also low dosage of the powder 5 can be achieved by means of a trans er device. This allows very thin and homogeneous coatings 9 to be produced on substrates 8.

FIG. 9 shows different variants of a first means for further atomizing the coating material, which can be placed on high voltage. 9 shows a cellular wheel sluice 10, which is mounted on an axis 24 and can rotate in the direction of the arrow C. Such a rotary valve can be used instead of the rotating brushes described in the previous examples.

In Fig. 9B, a rotating wire mesh 10 is shown, which has a central axis 24 and arranged thereon a wire mesh made of wires 25. This wire mesh can also rotate about the longitudinal axis of the shaft 24 in the direction of arrow C.

FIG. 9C shows a strip brush 10 which also has a shaft 24 as a bearing axis with brush hairs 26 arranged thereon. These inguinal Brush 10 can now be moved back and forth in the direction of arrow C, ie vibrate. The same atomization effect is achieved by such a vibration movement as was shown in the previous examples for a rotating brush. This strip brush 10 can also be applied to high voltage in order to achieve electrostatic charging of the atomized powder.

FIG. 9D shows a brush 10 made of steel wool 27 which can be rotated in the direction of arrow C about the longitudinal axis of a shaft 24. The steel wool braid 27 surrounds the shaft 24 instead of brush hair and produces the same atomizing effect as a brush with hair.

Claims

claims 1. Device for coating a substrate (8) with a liquid or particulate coating material (5,9) with a transport device (12, 14, 15) for a flat substrate (8) and an atomizing device (1) for atomizing a liquid or particulate Coating material (5,9), wherein the atomizing device (1) has an outlet (6) for the atomized coating material (5,9), characterized in that between the outlet (6) of the atomizing device (1) and the transport device (12, 14, 15) at least one electrically conductive and / or semi-conductive first means (10) for further atomizing the coating material (5,9) is arranged, which can be laid or laid at high voltage. 2. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the atomizing device (1) is a fluidizing container (1). 3. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the fluidizing container (1) and / or the first means (10) obliquely to the transport direction in the plane of the transport device (12, 14, 15), the substrate (8) or to the front and / or rear edge of the substrate (8). 4. Device according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the fluidizing container (1) as an outlet (6) has at least one trickle opening from the fluid bed or from the area (4) above the fluid bed. 5. Device according to one of the three preceding claims, characterized in that at least one further means (7) for atomizing the coating material (5) is arranged within the fluidization container above the fluid bed. 6. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the at least one further means (7) is at least partially immersed in the fluid bed. 7. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the at least one first ^" ühd / or ^" further means (i0 ^~ , ^' 7) is a rotatable or rotating device. 8. The device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the at least one first and / or further means (10,7) a brush, a cellular wheel, a braid made of an electrically conductive and / or semiconductive material and / or a body made of steel wool is. 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one first and / or further means (10, 7) is an oscillatable or oscillating device. 10. The device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the at least one first and / or further means (10,7) is a strip brush, a braid made of metal, conductive or semi-conductive plastic and / or ceramic and / or a body made of steel wool , 11. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and / or further means (10, 7) as the electrically conductive and / or semiconductive material comprises wire, steel wool, ceramic and / or plastic. 12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrically conductive and / or semi-conductive material has a volume resistance ≤ 10 ¹¹ Ω. 13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one first and / or further means (10, 7) is mounted in an electrically insulated manner and is connectable or connected to a high-voltage source. 14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one first and / or further means (10,7) has two brushes which can be rotated in the same direction or in opposite directions and which atomize the coating material (5,9) between them. 15. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a transfer device is provided between the atomizing device (1) and the first means (10) for transporting the coating material (5,9) from the atomizing device (1) to the first means (10). 16. The device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the transfer device has a transfer roller and / or a transfer belt. 17. The device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the transfer roller and / or the transfer belt comprises or consists of a semiconductive and / or insulating material. 18. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the semiconductive and / or insulating material has a volume resistance> 10 ⁷ Ω, preferably between 10 ⁷ and 10 ¹⁸ Ω, preferably between 10 ⁹ and 10 ¹⁸ Ω. 19.- Vorr.-Lcht-ung according to any one of claims -15- to 18, characterized in that the transfer device is immersed in a fluidizing container (1) in the space above the fluid bed and / or in the fluid bed. 20. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electrode is arranged on the side of the transport device (12, 14, 15) and / or the substrate (8) facing away from the first means (10). 21. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a wire electrode is arranged between the first means (10) and the transport device (12, 14, 15) and / or the substrate (8). 22. A method for coating a substrate (8) with a liquid or particulate coating material (5,9), characterized in that the coating material (5,9) atomizes and then by means of at least one high-voltage rotating and / or vibrating first means (10) further atomized and applied to the substrate (8). 23. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a voltage between 1 kV and 500 kV, advantageously between 5 kV and 100 kV is applied to the at least one first means (10). 24. The method according to any one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the first means (10) is a rotating brush, cell wheel, braid made of electrically conductive and / or semiconducting material, for example metal, wire, plastic and / or ceramic and / or a steel wool body is used. 25. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the electrically conductive and / or semiconductive material has a volume resistance ≤ 10 ¹¹ Ω. 26. The method according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the first means (10) at a speed of 0.5 to 500 U / s, advantageously from 1 U / s to 100 U / s, advantageously from 5 U / s s is rotated to 20 U / s. 27. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that as the first means (10) a vibrating strip brush, braid made of electrically conductive and / or semiconducting material, for example metal, wire, plastic and / or ceramic, and / or a body made of steel wool is used. 28. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the electrically conductive and / or semiconductive material has a volume resistance ≤ 10 ¹¹ Ω. 29. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 28, characterized in that the coating material (5,9) is already electrostatically charged in the atomizing device (1). 30. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 29, characterized in that the coating material (5,9) from the atomizing device onto a transport device (12, 14, 15) and / or the at least one first means (10) is sprinkled. 31. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 30, characterized in that the coating material (5,9) is transported from the atomizing device to the first means (10) by a transfer device. 32. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a transfer roller and / or a transfer belt is used as the transfer device. 33. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 32, characterized in that the substrate (8) at an angle ≠ 0 with respect to the axis of rotation or longitudinal axis of the at least one first th means (10) past the at least one first means (10). 34. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 33, characterized in that a device according to one of claims 1 to 21 is used. 35. Use of a device and / or a method according to one of the preceding claims for coating flat materials with fluid, liquid and / or particulate coating materials. 36. Use according to the preceding claim for coating substrates (8) with powder, powder coating, abrasive grains, abrasive grains on paper and / or plastic film, solder powder, solder powder on extruded materials, liquids, wet paint and the like. 37 _τ - Use according to one of the two preceding claims for coating strip material, steel and / or aluminum strip material, metal and / or plastic films, paper webs, wallpapers, circuit boards, sheet metal plates, extruded materials, profiles, pipes, Panels, plastic panels, wood and / or wood-based panels, medium-density fiberboard, high-density fiberboard, rock wool-based acoustic insulation panels, with or without edge coating