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WO2004090627A1 - Afficheur a cristaux liquides compense a mode ips - Google Patents

Afficheur a cristaux liquides compense a mode ips Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004090627A1
WO2004090627A1 PCT/EP2004/002918 EP2004002918W WO2004090627A1 WO 2004090627 A1 WO2004090627 A1 WO 2004090627A1 EP 2004002918 W EP2004002918 W EP 2004002918W WO 2004090627 A1 WO2004090627 A1 WO 2004090627A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
cell
lcd according
lcd
film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2004/002918
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English (en)
Inventor
Owain Llyr Parri
Karl Skjonnemand
Mark Verrall
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Merck Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Merck Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merck Patent GmbH filed Critical Merck Patent GmbH
Priority to JP2006504761A priority Critical patent/JP2006522947A/ja
Priority to US10/551,951 priority patent/US20060203158A1/en
Priority to EP04721885A priority patent/EP1611478A1/fr
Publication of WO2004090627A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004090627A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a compensated liquid crystal display (LCD) of the In Plane Switching (IPS) mode and to a compensator for use in an IPS-LCD.
  • LCD compensated liquid crystal display
  • IPS In Plane Switching
  • LCDs Liquid Crystal Displays
  • Electro-optical modes employed are e.g. the twisted nematic (TN)-, the super twisted nematic (STN)-, the optically compensated bend (OCB)- and the electrically controlled birefringence (ECB)-mode with their various modifications, as well as others. All these modes use an electrical field, which is substantially perpendicular to the substrates, respectively to the liquid crystal layer.
  • electro-optical modes employing an electrical field substantially parallel to the substrates, respectively the liquid crystal layer, like e.g. the In-Plane Switching mode as disclosed e.g. in DE 40 00 451 and EP 0 588 568.
  • this electrooptical mode is used for LCDs for modern desktop monitors and is envisaged to be applied for displays for multi media applications.
  • the viewing angle of IPS mode LCD is usually good, however at certain oblique viewing angles, the image quality can deteriorate. This is largely influenced by the fundamental limitations of the polariser sheets (see e.g. J E Anderson and P J Bos; J. of Japn. App. Phys., Vol 39, (2000), 6388 or Yukito Saitoh et al , Jpn. J. of Appl. Phys. 37 (1998), 4822-4828). Methods of compensating this mode have also been disclosed in prior art.
  • US 6,115,095 describes an IPS display that comprises a first optically uniaxial positive compensation layer with an optical axis perpendicular to the plane of the layer (+ C plate) and optionally a second optically uniaxial positive compensation layer with an optical axis parallel to the plane of the layer (+ A plate).
  • US 6,184,957 describes an IPS display comprising an optically uniaxial negative compensation layer with an optical axis parallel to the plane of the layer (- A plate), which is formed by a discotic LC film.
  • the compensation sheets described in prior art to compensate IPS mode displays are either difficult to manufacture on a large scale, like e.g. the homeotropically aligned discotic film as described in US 6,184,957, or tend to suffer from some durability problems described and are particularly difficult to manufacture for large area displays, like e.g. the stretched polymeric films which are usually employed as + A and + C plates.
  • the manufacturing costs of an IPS compensator are often relatively expensive because the A-plate should preferably be located such its slow axis is perpendicular to the stretch direction of the polariser.
  • the birefringent film substrate that is attached to the polarisers.
  • a plastic film of a slightly birefringent material like for example triacetylcellulose (TAG).
  • TAG triacetylcellulose
  • these films often deteriorate the viewing angle of the display and are, in effect additional features which must be compensated.
  • One aim of the present invention is to provide a compensator for an LCD of the IPS mode that improves the optical performance of the LCD, in particular the contrast at wide viewing angles, is easy to manufacture, and allows economic fabrication even at large scales.
  • Another aim of this invention is to provide an advantageous use of the compensator according to this invention.
  • a further aim of this invention relates to an IPS-LCD comprising an inventive compensator which show advantageous properties such as good contrast, reduced colour shift and wide viewing angles.
  • the above aims can be achieved by providing compensators and LCDs according to the present invention.
  • film' as used in this application includes self-supporting, i.e. free-standing, films that show more or less pronounced mechanical stability and flexibility, as well as coatings or layers on a supporting substrate or between two substrates.
  • liquid crystal or mesogenic material' or 'liquid crystal or mesogenic compound' should denote materials or compounds comprising one or more rod-shaped, board-shaped or disk-shaped mesogenic groups, i.e. groups with the ability to induce liquid crystal phase behaviour.
  • Liquid crystal (LC) compounds with rod-shaped or board-shaped groups are also known in the art as 'calamitic' liquid crystals.
  • Liquid crystal compounds with a disk-shaped group are also known in the art as 'discotic' liquid crystals.
  • the compounds or materials comprising mesogenic groups do not necessarily have to exhibit a liquid crystal phase themselves. It is also possible that they show liquid crystal phase behaviour only in mixtures with other compounds, or when the mesogenic compounds or materials, or the mixtures thereof, are polymerised.
  • the term 'liquid crystal material' is used hereinafter for both liquid crystal materials and mesogenic materials, and the term 'mesogen' is used for the mesogenic groups of the material.
  • the term 'director' is known in prior art and means the preferred orientation direction of the long molecular axes (in case of calamitic compounds) or short molecular axis (in case of discotic compounds) of the mesogens in a liquid crystal material.
  • 'planar structure' or 'planar orientation' refers to a film wherein the optical axis is substantially parallel to the film plane.
  • 'homeotropic structure' or 'homeotropic orientation' refers to a film wherein the optical axis is substantially perpendicular to the film plane, i.e. substantially parallel to the film normal.
  • the optical axis of the film is given by the director of the liquid crystal material.
  • the term 'A plate 1 refers to an optical retarder utilizing a layer of uniaxially birefringent material with its extraordinary axis oriented parallel to the plane of the layer.
  • 'C plate' refers to an optical retarder utilizing a layer of uniaxially birefringent material with its extraordinary axis perpendicular to the plane of the layer.
  • the optical axis of the film is given by the direction of the extraordinary axis.
  • An A plate or C plate comprising optically uniaxial birefringent material with positive birefringence is also referred to as '+ A/C plate' or 'positive A/C plate'.
  • An A plate or C plate comprising a film of optically uniaxial birefringent material with negative birefringence is also referred to as '- A/C plate' or 'negative A C plate'.
  • a retardation film with positive or negative birefringence is also shortly referred to as 'positive' or 'negative' retardation film, respectively.
  • a transmissive or transflective LCD according to the present invention preferably contains a polariser and an analyser, which are arranged on opposite sides of the arrangement of LC layer and birefringent layer.
  • Polariser and Analyser are jointly referred to as “polarisers" in this application.
  • the invention relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD) of the In Plane Switching (IPS) mode comprising
  • At least one first retardation film comprising optically uniaxial positive calamitic LC material and having an optical axis substantially parallel to the film plane (+A plate),
  • At least one first retardation film comprising optically uniaxial positive calamitic LC material and having an optical axis substantially perpendicular to the film plane (+C plate).
  • the invention further relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD) of the In Plane Switching (IPS) mode comprising a switchable LC cell sandwiched between two polarisers, said LC cell comprising a layer of an LC medium between two plane parallel substrates at least one of which is transparent to incident light, wherein the LC molecules are reoriented by application of an electric field that has a major component substantially parallel to the substrates, characterized in that the LCD comprises - at least one first retardation film comprising optically uniaxial positive calamitic LC material and having an optical axis substantially parallel to the film plane (+A plate),
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • IPS In Plane Switching
  • At least one first retardation film comprising optically uniaxial positive calamitic LC material and having an optical axis substantially perpendicular to the film plane (+C plate).
  • the invention further relates to compensator, especially for use in an LCD of the IPS mode, comprising at least one +A plate and at least one +C plate as described above and below, and optionally comprising a linear polariser.
  • Figure 1 exemplarily and schematically depicts a compensated IPS display according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows the simulated isocontrast plot of an uncompensated IPS display of prior art.
  • Figures 3, 4 and 5 show the simulated isocontrast plot of a compensated IPS display according to example 1 , 2 and 3, respectively, of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 shows the simulated isocontrast plot of an uncompensated IPS display of prior art.
  • Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 show the simulated isocontrast plot of a compensated IPS display according to example 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, respectively, of the present invention.
  • the compensator according to this invention comprises specific combinations of individual compensation films, preferably made from positive uniaxial calamitic reactive mesogens (RM), that provide good viewing angle performance with improved chromaticity.
  • the individual films are formed by in-situ photopolymerisation of the RMs.
  • Two types of films can be used in various combination: planar or homeotropic films. These have the additional attractive property of being thin and have high durability.
  • the compensator according to the present invention can consist of individual ⁇ A plate and +C plate films or layers that are situated on the same or different sides of the switchable LC cell in a display.
  • the compensator is a multilayer comprising at least one, preferably one +A plate, and at least one, preferably one, ⁇ C plate, and optionally comprising one or more linear polarisers.
  • the individual +A plate, +C plate and optionally the linear polarisers can form a multilayer, wherein they can be laminated directly onto each other or be connected via transparent intermediate films, like for example TAG, DAG or PVA films or by adhesive layers like for example pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA), and are optionally covered by one or more hardcoat or protective layers.
  • the individual +A plate, +C plate and optionally the linear polarisers form a monolithic film.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a particular compensator structure in which the slow axis of the +A plate is parallel to the stretch direction of the adjacent polariser.
  • This embodiment achieves excellent compensation especially for NB-IPS, and is particularly attractive as it makes production easier and allows to reduce manufacturing costs.
  • the majority of suitable film compensators suggested in prior art for IPS mode have the slow axis of the +A plate perpendicular to the stretch direction of the adjacent polariser.
  • the RM films are manufactured by using a roll-to-roll coating method to align the +A plate optic axis with that of the adjacent polariser. This allows direct lamination of the +A plate roll to that of the polariser, and also gives the most improved optical performance.
  • the + A plate and/or the +C plate are situated, between the substrates of the switchable LC cell of the display ("inside the LC cell", "incell application”).
  • incell application it is desirable to place the optical compensator film not outside the switchable LG cell of a display, but between the substrates, usually glass substrates, forming the switchable LC cell and containing the switchable LC medium.
  • incell application Compared to conventional displays where optical retarders are usually placed between the LC cell and the polarisers, incell application of an optical retardation or compensation film has several advantages. For example, a display where the optical film is attached outside of the glass substrates forming the LC cell usually suffers from parallax problems, which can severely impair viewing angle properties. If the optical film is prepared inside the LC display cell, these parallax problems can be reduced or even avoided.
  • incell application of the optical retardation or compensation film allows to reduce the total thickness of the LCD device, which is an important advantage for flat panel displays. Also, the displays become more robust.
  • a film comprising polymerised LC material according to the present invention as it can be made thinner due to the higher birefringence of the LC material compared e.g. to stretched plastic films.
  • a film with a thickness of 2 microns or less can be used, which is especially suitable for incell applications.
  • one of the +A and +C plates is provided inside the LC cell and the other is outside the cell and for example provided or laminated onto the polariser.
  • all +A and +C plates are provided inside the LC cell.
  • the +A plate is inside the LC cell and the +C plate is outside the LC cell.
  • the +C plate is inside the LC cell and the +A plate is outside the LC cell.
  • the + A plate and/or the +C plate are provided directly on one or both of the substrates of the switchable LC cell of the display ("on the LC cell", "oncell application”).
  • one of the +A and +C plates is provided on the LC cell and the other is not provided directly on the cell substrate, but for example provided or laminated onto the polariser.
  • all +A and +C plates are provided on the LC cell.
  • the +A plate is on the LC cell and the +C plate is not on the LC cell.
  • the +C plate is on the LC cell and the +A plate is not on the LC cell.
  • the +A plate and/or +C plate are preferably prepared on (either the innner or the outer side of) the substrate of the LC cell by spin-coating a polymerisable LC material, aligning it and fixing the aligned material by in situ polymerisation. Often the spin-coating itself provides sufficient alignment of the polymerisable LC material.
  • Another advantage of the compensator of the present invention is that, by using a combination of homeotropic and planar films of calamitic RMs, which have similar dispersion to the calamitic LC mixture as used in typical IPS display cells, undesired colouration is reduced.
  • a compensator as described in US 6,184,957 uses compensation films made from discotic LC materials, which show a dispersion mismatch with the calamitic LCs in the display cell, and thus produce undesired colouration.
  • the individual +A and +C plates of the compensator comprise a polymerised LC material, the optical dispersion (the wavelength dependence of the birefringence) of which is matched to that of the LC material in the switchable display cell.
  • the film combinations according to the present invention compensate for both the polariser light leakage and the retardation of the LC in the IPS LCD in the dark state.
  • the +A plate retarder preferably comprises a polymerised LC material with planar structure as described for example in WO 98/04651 , the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
  • the +C plate retarder preferably comprises a polymerised LC material with homeotropic structure as described for example in WO 98/00475, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
  • the linear polarisers can be standard type absorption polarisers, for example comprising stretched iodine/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) and optionally protective triacetyl cellulose (TAG) layers.
  • PVA stretched iodine/polyvinylalcohol
  • TAG triacetyl cellulose
  • the linear polarisers comprise a polymerised or crosslinked LC material, preferably a calamitic LC material, and optionally one or more absorbing dyes, as described for example in EP 0 397 263.
  • Commercially available polarisers are usually provided on a transparent birefringent substrate like e.g. a TAG film.
  • the compensator comprises one positive A plate (+A plate),
  • the compensator comprises one positive C plate (+C plate),
  • the +A plate and +C plate are situated on the same side of the switchable LC cell
  • the +A plate and +C plate are situated between the LC cell and the polariser
  • the +A plate and/or the +C plate are situated between the substrates of the LC cell
  • the optical axis of the +A plate is parallel to the stretch axis of the polariser that is situated on the same side of the LC cell as the +A plate,
  • the +A plate and/or +G plate comprise a polymerised or crosslinked LC material, preferably a calamitic LC material,
  • the +A plate comprises a polymerised or crosslinked achiral calamitic LC material with planar orientation
  • the +C plate comprises a polymerised or crosslinked achiral calamitic LC material with homeotropic orientation
  • the thickness of the +A plate is from 0.6 to 1.6 ⁇ m, preferably 0.9 to 1.3 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the +C plate is from 0.4 to 1.0 ⁇ m, preferably from 0.6 to 0.8 ⁇
  • the optical retardation d A " ⁇ n A of the +A plate is preferably from 50 to 200 nm, very preferably from 69 to 184 nm, most preferably from 104 to 150 nm.
  • the optical retardation d ⁇ n of the +C plate is preferably from 30 to 150 nm, very preferably from 46 to 115 nm, most preferably from 69 to 92 nm.
  • LC denotes the liquid crystal cell
  • P denotes a linear polariser
  • A denotes a +A plate
  • C denotes a +C plate.
  • the numbers in brackets denote the orientation angle (in degrees) of the optical axis of the +A and +C plate, the polarising direction of the polarisers P, or the preferred orientation direction of the LC molecules in the LC cell, respectively, in the direction parallel to the plane of the individual films or parallel to the substrates of the LC cell.
  • the single +A plate, +C plate and polariser in a compensator according to the present invention and also in the stacks shown in table 1 can be laminated directly onto each other or separated by one or more transparent intermediate films or substrates, like for example TAC films.
  • FIG. 2 Especially preferred configurations of the individual films in a display or compensator according to the present invention, including transparent substrates, are shown in table 2.
  • A, C, P, LC have the meanings given In table 1
  • S denotes a transparent birefringent substrate.
  • S is preferably a birefringent substrate, like e.g. a stretched plastic film, prefereably a TAC, DAC or PVA film, very preferably a TAC film.
  • a birefringent substrate like e.g. a stretched plastic film, prefereably a TAC, DAC or PVA film, very preferably a TAC film.
  • a display according to preferred stack No. 4 of table 2 is exemplarily shown in Figure 1 in side view.
  • 11 and 12 are linear polarisers
  • 13 is an LC ceil of the IPS mode
  • 14 is a +A plate
  • 15 is a +C plate
  • 16 is a TAC film.
  • the orientation direction of the optical axis of the +A and +C plate, the polarising direction of the polarisers, and the preferred orientation direction of the LC molecules in the LC cell are shown by the arrows.
  • the symbol "®" denotes the direction perpendicular to the drawing plane.
  • the birefringent substrates of the polarisers can reduce the viewing angle of film- compensated NB-IPS mode.
  • the preferred configurations described in this invention exhibit this effect only for the TAC layer on the side of the LC cell opposite to that of the compensator.
  • the +C plate is positioned adjacent to a TAC substrate, the stack shows just as good performance as when this layer of TAC is removed.
  • the TAC on the opposite side of the LC cell can then still degrade the performance but this can be cancelled by the application of an adjacent +C plate.
  • the display comprises a second + C plate on the side of the display opposite to that of the first + C plate.
  • the reduction of the thickness and/or birefringence of the TAC film can further improve the optical performance of the compensated display.
  • An LCD according to the present invention may further comprise one or more further optical components such as compensation or retardation films like for example one or more quarter wave retardation films (QWF, ⁇ /4 films) or half wave retardation films (HWF, ⁇ /2 films), positive or negative A, O or C plates or retardation films with twisted, homeotropic, planar, tilted or splayed structure.
  • compensation or retardation films like for example one or more quarter wave retardation films (QWF, ⁇ /4 films) or half wave retardation films (HWF, ⁇ /2 films), positive or negative A, O or C plates or retardation films with twisted, homeotropic, planar, tilted or splayed structure.
  • optical films comprising polymerised or crosslinked LC material.
  • the LCD according to the present invention may be a reflective or transmissive display, and may further comprise a light source, like a conventional backlight, or a reflective layer on the side of the LC cell opposite to that of the first linear polariser.
  • a reflective display with a reflective layer on one side of the LC cell the second linear polariser may be omitted.
  • the +A and +C plate of the compensator according to the present invention are preferably prepared from a polymerisable LC material by in-situ polymerisation.
  • the polymerisable LC material is coated onto a substrate, oriented into the desired orientation and subsequently polymerised for example by exposure to heat or actinic radiation as described for example in WO 98/00475 or WO 98/04651.
  • the polymerisable LC material is preferably a nematic or smectic LC material, in particular a nematic material, and preferably comprises at least one monoreactive polymerisable mesogenic compound and at least one di- or multireactive polymerisable mesogenic compound.
  • Polymerizable mesogenic mono-, di- and multireactive compounds used for the present invention can be prepared by methods which are known per se and which are described, for example, in standard works of organic chemistry such as, for example, Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart.
  • Suitable polymerisable calamitic LC materials are for example disclosed in WO 93/22397, EP 0 261 712, DE 195 04 224, WO 95/22586, WO 97/00600, GB 2 351 734, WO 98/00475 or WO 98/04651.
  • menthyl Choi is a cholesteryl group
  • L, L 1 and L 2 are independently of each other H, F, Cl, CN or an optionally halogenated alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyloxy group with 1 to 7 C atoms, and r is 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4.
  • the phenyl rings in the above formulae are optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or 4 groups L.
  • 'polar group' in this connection means a group selected from F, Cl, CN, N0 2 , OH, OCH 3 , OCN, SCN, an optionally fluorinated alkycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy group with up to 4 C atoms or a mono- oligo- or polyfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy group with 1 to 4 C atoms.
  • 'unpolar group' means an optionally halogenated alkyl, alkoxy, alkycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy group with 1 or more, preferably 1 to 12 C atoms which is not covered by the above definition of 'polar group'.
  • the polymerisable LC material preferably comprises one or more achiral monoreactive polymerisable mesogenic compounds and one or more achiral di- or multireactive polymerisable mesogenic compounds.
  • a preferred polymerisable LC material comprises
  • the monoreactive compounds are preferably selected from above formulae R1-R11 , in particular R1 and R5, wherein v is 1.
  • the direactive compounds are preferably selected from above formula R12.
  • mixtures comprising one or more polymerisable compounds comprising an acetylene or tolane group with high birefringence, like e.g. compounds of formula Ig above.
  • polymerisable tolanes are described for example in GB 2,351,734.
  • the polymerisable material is preferably dissolved or dispersed in a solvent, preferably in an organic solvent.
  • a solvent preferably in an organic solvent.
  • the solution or dispersion is then coated onto the substrate, for example by spin-coating or other known techniques, and the solvent is evaporated off before polymerisation. In most cases it is suitable to heat the mixture in order to facilitate the evaporation of the solvent.
  • the polymerisable LC material may additionally comprise a polymeric binder or one or more monomers capable of forming a polymeric binder and/or one or more dispersion auxiliaries.
  • Suitable binders and dispersion auxiliaries are disclosed for example in WO 96/02597.
  • LC materials not containing a binder or dispersion auxiliary are particularly preferred.
  • the polymerisable LC material comprises an additive that induces or enhances planar alignment of the liquid crystal material on the substrate.
  • the additive comprises one or more surfactants. Suitable surfactants are described for example in J. Cognard, Mol.Cryst.Liq.Cryst. 78, Supplement 1 , 1-77 (1981 ). Particularly preferred are non-ionic surfactants, very fluorocarbon surfactants, like for example the commercially available fluorocarbon surfactants Fluorad FC-171® (from 3M Co.), or Zonyl FSN ® (from DuPont).
  • Polymerisation of the LC material is preferably achieved by exposing it to actinic radiation.
  • Actinic radiation means irradiation with light, like UV light, IR light or visible light, irradiation with X-rays or gamma rays or irradiation with high energy particles, such as ions or electrons.
  • Preferably polymerisation is carried out by photoirradiation, in particular with UV light.
  • a source for actinic radiation for example a single UV lamp or a set of UV lamps can be used. When using a high lamp power the curing time can be reduced.
  • Another possible source for photoradiation is a laser, like e.g. a UV laser, an IR laser or a visible laser.
  • Polymerisation is carried out in the presence of an initiator absorbing at the wavelength of the actinic radiation.
  • an initiator absorbing at the wavelength of the actinic radiation.
  • a photoinitiator can be used that decomposes under UV irradiation to produce free radicals or ions that start the polymerisation reaction.
  • UV photoinitiators are preferred, in particular radicalic UV photoinitiators.
  • lrgacure® 907,lrgacure® 651, Irgacure® 184, Darocure® 1173 or Darocure® 4205 can be used, whereas in case of cationic photopolymerisation the commercially available UVI 6974 (Union Carbide) can be used.
  • the polymerisable LC material can additionally comprise one or more other suitable components such as, for example, catalysts, sensitizers, stabilizers, chain-transfer agents, inhibitors, co-reacting monomers, surface-active compounds, lubricating agents, wetting agents, dispersing agents, hydrophobing agents, adhesive agents, flow improvers, defoaming agents, deaerators, diluents, reactive diluents, auxiliaries, colourants, dyes or pigments.
  • suitable components such as, for example, catalysts, sensitizers, stabilizers, chain-transfer agents, inhibitors, co-reacting monomers, surface-active compounds, lubricating agents, wetting agents, dispersing agents, hydrophobing agents, adhesive agents, flow improvers, defoaming agents, deaerators, diluents, reactive diluents, auxiliaries, colourants, dyes or pigments.
  • the polymerisable material comprises up to 70%, preferably 1 to 50 % of a monoreactive non- mesogenic compound with one polymerisable functional group.
  • Typical examples are alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates with alkyl groups of 1 to 20 C atoms.
  • non-mesogenic compound with two or more polymerisable functional groups to the polymerisable LC material alternatively or in addition to the di- or multireactive polymerisable mesogenic compounds to increase crosslinking of the polymer.
  • Typical examples for direactive non-mesogenic monomers are alkyl diacrylates or alkyl dimethacrylates with alkyl groups of 1 to 20 C atoms.
  • Typical examples for multireactive non-mesogenic monomers are trimethylpropane trimethacrylate or pentaerythritol tetraacrylate.
  • chain transfer agents such as monofunctional thiol compounds like e.g. dodecane thiol or multifunctional thiol compounds like e.g. trimethylpropane tri(3- mercaptopropionate), very preferably mesogenic or liquid crystalline thiol compounds.
  • chain transfer agent When adding a chain transfer agent, the length of the free polymer chains and/or the length of the polymer chains between two crosslinks in the inventive polymer film can be controlled. When the amount of the chain transfer agent is increased, the polymer chain length in the obtained polymer film is decreasing.
  • the retardation films from a readily synthesized LC polymer that is applied onto a substrate, for example at a temperature above its glass transition temperature or its melting point, or from solution e.g. in an organic solvent, aligned into the desired orientation, and solidified for example by evaporating the solvent or by cooling below the glass temperature or melting point of the LC polymer. If for example a LC polymer with a glass temperature that is higher than ambient temperature is used, evaporation of the solvent or cooling leaves a solid LC polymer film. If for example an LC polymer with a high melting point is used, the LC polymer can be applied as a melt onto the substrate which solidifies upon cooling.
  • LC side chain polymers or LC main chain polymers can be used, preferably LC side chain polymers.
  • the LC polymer should preferably be selected such that its glass transition or melting temperature is significantly higher than the operating tempature of the retarder.
  • LC side chain polymers comprising a polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polysiloxane, polystyrene or epoxide backbone with laterally attached mesogenic side chains can be used.
  • the LC polymer may also comprise side chains with reactive groups that can be crosslinked after or during evaporation of the solvent to permanently fix the orientation.
  • the LC polymer may also be subjected to mechanical or heat treatment after application to the substrate to improve alignment. The above methods and suitable materials are known to those skilled in the art.
  • the compensator according to the present invention is especially suitable for use in IPS-LCDs, especially NB-IPS LCDs.
  • the compensator according to the present invention can principally also be used for compensation of other types of LCDs, like for example those of the DAP (deformation of aligned phases) or VA (vertically aligned) mode, like e.g. ECB (electrically controlled birefringence), CSH (colour super homeotropic), VAN or VAC (vertically aligned nematic or cholesteric) displays, MVA (multi- domain vertically aligned) or PVA (patterned vertically aligned) displays, displays of the optically compensated bend (OCB) or pi-cell mode, including conventional OCB, R-OCB (reflective OCB), HAN (hybrid aligned nematic) and pi-cell ( ⁇ -cell) displays, furthermore in displays of the TN (twisted nematic), HTN (highly twisted nematic) or STN (super twisted nematic) mode, or in AMD-TN (active matrix driven TN) displays.
  • DAP deformation of aligned
  • the polarisers are "ideal polarisers", which means that they show 100%) absorbtion of light polarised along the absorbtion direction of the polariser at all wavelengths between 380-780nm.
  • An uncompensated IPS display comprises an LC cell and two linear polarisers.
  • the simulated isocontrast plot is shown in Figure 2.
  • An IPS display comprises a compensator with a +A plate and a +C plate according to configuration No. 1 of table 1 above.
  • the simulated isocontrast plot is shown in Figure 3.
  • An IPS display comprises a compensator with a +A plate and a +C plate according to configuration No. 4 of table 1 above.
  • the simulated isocontrast plot is shown in Figure 4.
  • Example 3
  • An IPS display comprises a compensator with a +A plate and a +C plate according to configuration No. 1 of table 2 above, including TAC films as polariser substrates.
  • the simulated isocontrast plot is shown in Figure 5.
  • An uncompensated IPS display has the following configuration:
  • An IPS display comprises a compensator with a +A plate and a +C plate according to the following configuration:
  • An IPS display comprises a compensator with a +A plate and a +C plate according to the following configuration:
  • An IPS display comprises a compensator with a +A plate and a +C plate according to the following configuration:
  • An IPS display comprises a compensator with a +A plate and a +C plate according to the following configuration:
  • the measured isocontrast plot is shown in Figure 10.
  • Example 8 An IPS display comprises a compensator with a +A plate and a +C plate according to the following configuration:
  • An IPS display comprises a compensator with a +A plate and a +C plate according to the following configuration:

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un afficheur à cristaux liquides compensé (LCD) à mode IPS et un compensateur à utiliser dans un afficheur à cristaux liquides IPS.
PCT/EP2004/002918 2003-04-08 2004-03-19 Afficheur a cristaux liquides compense a mode ips Ceased WO2004090627A1 (fr)

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US10/551,951 US20060203158A1 (en) 2003-04-08 2004-03-19 Compensated lcd of the ips mode
EP04721885A EP1611478A1 (fr) 2003-04-08 2004-03-19 Afficheur a cristaux liquides compense a mode ips

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JP2006215221A (ja) * 2005-02-03 2006-08-17 Nitto Denko Corp 偏光素子、液晶パネル、液晶テレビおよび液晶表示装置、ならびに偏光素子の製造方法
JP2006521570A (ja) * 2003-11-21 2006-09-21 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド 正の二軸性位相差フィルムを利用した視野角補償フィルムを含むインプレーンスイッチング液晶表示装置
JP2006268018A (ja) * 2005-02-25 2006-10-05 Nitto Denko Corp 偏光素子、液晶パネル、液晶テレビ、および液晶表示装置
WO2007013782A1 (fr) * 2005-07-29 2007-02-01 Lg Chem, Ltd. Dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides a commutation dans le plan possedant une structure simple
JP2007518134A (ja) * 2004-03-29 2007-07-05 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド Ａ−プレートを用いた視野角の補償フィルムを含むｉｐｓ液晶表示装置
WO2007091467A1 (fr) * 2006-02-06 2007-08-16 Nitto Denko Corporation Panneau a cristaux liquides et dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides
EP1676170A4 (fr) * 2003-10-22 2007-10-31 Lg Chemical Ltd Dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides a mode de commutation dans le plan comprenant un film de compensation pour un champ de vision angulaire au moyen d'une plaque a+ et d'une plaque c+
KR100789566B1 (ko) 2005-03-10 2007-12-28 주식회사 엘지화학 +ａ-필름과 +ｃ-필름을 이용한 광시야각 보상 필름을 갖는수직 배향 액정표시장치
US7408603B2 (en) 2004-12-08 2008-08-05 Nitto Denko Corporation Liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display apparatus
US7463320B2 (en) 2004-11-29 2008-12-09 Nitto Denko Corporation Liquid crystal panel and display apparatus having a negative biaxial element of 110 to 250 nm thickness direction retardation value and an Nz coefficient of 1.4 or more

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JP4039444B2 (ja) * 2005-07-15 2008-01-30 エプソンイメージングデバイス株式会社 液晶表示装置及び電子機器
JP5275591B2 (ja) * 2007-08-06 2013-08-28 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイウェスト 液晶表示装置
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KR20090101620A (ko) * 2008-03-24 2009-09-29 주식회사 엘지화학 시야각 보상필름 일체형 편광판 및 이를 포함하는ｉｐｓ-ｌｃｄ
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KR101236244B1 (ko) * 2009-12-11 2013-02-22 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 액정표시장치
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JP5935394B2 (ja) 2012-03-01 2016-06-15 Ｎｌｔテクノロジー株式会社 横電界方式の液晶表示装置
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EP1676170A4 (fr) * 2003-10-22 2007-10-31 Lg Chemical Ltd Dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides a mode de commutation dans le plan comprenant un film de compensation pour un champ de vision angulaire au moyen d'une plaque a+ et d'une plaque c+
JP2009122715A (ja) * 2003-10-22 2009-06-04 Lg Chem Ltd ＋ａ−プレートと＋ｃ−プレートを用いた視野角の補償フィルムを含むｉｐｓ液晶表示装置
EP2028536A1 (fr) * 2003-10-22 2009-02-25 LG Chem, Ltd. Affichage à cristaux liquides pour commutation plane comportant un film de compensation pour un champ angulaire d'affichage utilisant une plaque +a et une plaque +c
JP2006521570A (ja) * 2003-11-21 2006-09-21 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド 正の二軸性位相差フィルムを利用した視野角補償フィルムを含むインプレーンスイッチング液晶表示装置
JP4753882B2 (ja) * 2004-03-29 2011-08-24 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド Ａ−プレートを用いた視野角の補償フィルムを含むｉｐｓ液晶表示装置
US7847898B2 (en) 2004-03-29 2010-12-07 Lg Chem, Ltd. In-plane switching liquid crystal display including viewing angle compensation film using +A-plate
JP2007518134A (ja) * 2004-03-29 2007-07-05 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド Ａ−プレートを用いた視野角の補償フィルムを含むｉｐｓ液晶表示装置
US7916252B2 (en) 2004-03-29 2011-03-29 Lg Chem, Ltd. In-plane switching liquid crystal display including viewing angle compensation film using +A-plate
US7916253B2 (en) 2004-03-29 2011-03-29 Lg Chem, Ltd. In-plane switching liquid crystal display including viewing angle compensation film using +A-plate
US7847896B2 (en) 2004-03-29 2010-12-07 Lg Chem, Ltd. In-plane switching liquid crystal display including viewing angle compensation film using +A-plate
EP1730582A4 (fr) * 2004-03-29 2009-12-09 Lg Chemical Ltd Affichage a cristaux liquides a commutation dans le plan contenant un film de compensation d'angle de visualisation utilisant une plaque +a
US7463320B2 (en) 2004-11-29 2008-12-09 Nitto Denko Corporation Liquid crystal panel and display apparatus having a negative biaxial element of 110 to 250 nm thickness direction retardation value and an Nz coefficient of 1.4 or more
US7408603B2 (en) 2004-12-08 2008-08-05 Nitto Denko Corporation Liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display apparatus
JP2006215221A (ja) * 2005-02-03 2006-08-17 Nitto Denko Corp 偏光素子、液晶パネル、液晶テレビおよび液晶表示装置、ならびに偏光素子の製造方法
JP2006268018A (ja) * 2005-02-25 2006-10-05 Nitto Denko Corp 偏光素子、液晶パネル、液晶テレビ、および液晶表示装置
KR100789566B1 (ko) 2005-03-10 2007-12-28 주식회사 엘지화학 +ａ-필름과 +ｃ-필름을 이용한 광시야각 보상 필름을 갖는수직 배향 액정표시장치
US7956965B2 (en) 2005-03-10 2011-06-07 Lg Chem, Ltd. Vertically aligned liquid crystal display having a wide viewing compensation film using +A-film and +C-film
US7511792B2 (en) 2005-07-29 2009-03-31 Lg Chem, Ltd. In-plane switching liquid crystal display having simple structure
WO2007013782A1 (fr) * 2005-07-29 2007-02-01 Lg Chem, Ltd. Dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides a commutation dans le plan possedant une structure simple
WO2007091467A1 (fr) * 2006-02-06 2007-08-16 Nitto Denko Corporation Panneau a cristaux liquides et dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides
US7782429B2 (en) 2006-02-06 2010-08-24 Nitto Denko Corporation Liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display apparatus
JP2007206605A (ja) * 2006-02-06 2007-08-16 Nitto Denko Corp 液晶パネルおよび液晶表示装置

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JP2006522947A (ja) 2006-10-05
US20060203158A1 (en) 2006-09-14

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