[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2004089843A1 - Beaded thermal insulation material - Google Patents

Beaded thermal insulation material Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2004089843A1
WO2004089843A1 PCT/GB2004/001246 GB2004001246W WO2004089843A1 WO 2004089843 A1 WO2004089843 A1 WO 2004089843A1 GB 2004001246 W GB2004001246 W GB 2004001246W WO 2004089843 A1 WO2004089843 A1 WO 2004089843A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dry weight
silica
thermal insulation
insulation material
beaded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2004/001246
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Oras Khalid Abdul-Kader
Baudevijn Van Gucht
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Microtherm Ltd
Original Assignee
Microtherm Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Microtherm Ltd filed Critical Microtherm Ltd
Publication of WO2004089843A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004089843A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
    • C04B18/021—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates agglomerated by a mineral binder, e.g. cement
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to beaded thermal insulation material .
  • Granular (or beaded) forms of thermal insulation material with good free flowing properties are known.
  • free flowing thermal insulation products for example aerogels such as NANOGEL (Registered Trade Mark of Cabot, Germany) , which have relatively low thermal conductivity, for example nominally 0.04 W/mK (mean temperature 200 degrees Celsius), comprise substantially 99 per cent by weight of silica which makes them relatively expensive.
  • Aerogel-based free flowing thermal insulation materials tend to form soft granules and to diffuse into a solid form when heated to temperatures in excess of 700 degrees Celsius.
  • Other forms of granular free flowing thermal insulation material are based on granulated mixtures of clay and calcined diatomaceous earth, for example Moler 05 aggregate supplied by Skamol of Denmark. These insulation materials are relatively inexpensive but have relatively high thermal conductivity, for example 0.2 /mK (mean temperature 200 degrees Celsius) .
  • a beaded thermal insulation material adapted to be free flowing comprising an intimate mixture of:
  • the beaded thermal insulation material may have substantially the following composition:
  • the beaded thermal insulation material may preferably have substantially the following composition:
  • the diameter of the beads of thermal insulation material may be in a range from 0.2 mm to 5mm, preferably in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
  • the inorganic binder may be an alkali metal silicate solution, preferably sodium and/or potassium silicate solution.
  • the solids content of the alkali silicate solution may be from 25 to 40 per cent by weight, preferably from 30 to 38 per cent by weight.
  • the inorganic binder may be a phosphate binder, for example aluminium orthophosphate solution.
  • the inorganic binder may be a hydraulic binder, for example an alumina cement.
  • the opacifier may be selected from opacifier materials comprising titanium oxide (rutile) , iron titanium oxide, zirconium silicate, zirconium oxide, iron oxide and silicon carbide.
  • the volatilised silica may have a specific surface area in a range from 12 m 2 /g to 30 m 2 /g, preferably in a range from
  • the core material may be selected from relatively coarse materials comprising exfoliated vermiculite, quartz sand, bauxite, glass microspheres and mica.
  • the exfoliated vermiculite may have a particle size in a range from 0.1 mm to 3 mm.
  • the fumed silica may have a specific surface area in a range from 50 m 2 /g to 400 m 2 /g, preferably in a range from 180 m 2 /g to 230 m 2 /g, more preferably nominally 200 m 2 /g.
  • the precipitated silica may comprise a specific surface area in a range from 100 m 2 /g to 800 m 2 /g, preferably in a range from 420 m 2 /g to 470 m 2 /g, more preferably nominally 450 m 2 /g.
  • Beaded thermal insulation material was made by mixing together in a paddle-type mixer a mixture of 17 per cent by wet weight of Micron grade exfoliated vermiculite available from Hoben International, and 17 per cent by wet weight of a potassium silicate binder available from Ineos Chemicals under the name K ⁇ .
  • the Micron grade exfoliated vermiculite has a particle size in a range from 0.1 mm to 3 mm.
  • the Micron grade exfoliated vermiculite has a water content of about 5 per cent by weight.
  • the potassium silicate binder has the nominal composition 35 per cent by weight solids content and 65 per cent by weight water. The materials were mixed together for 10 minutes in order to obtain a homogeneous mixture. 66 per cent by dry weight of a volatilized silica, available from R Silicium GmbH under the name RW-Fuller, was added gradually to the homogenous mixture of potassium silicate binder and exfoliated vermiculite and mixed for 30 minutes to form beads of insulation material with a diameter in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
  • the volatilised silica has a nominal specific surface area of 20 m 2 /g.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was heated at nominally 120 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to substantially remove the water content present.
  • the composition of the beaded thermal insulation material after heating was nominally 18.3 per cent by dry weight of Micron grade vermiculite, 74.9 per cent by dry weight of volatilised silica and 6.8 per cent by dry weight of potassium silicate binder.
  • the optimally settled density (tap density) of the beaded thermal insulation material was determined by repeat tapping of a sample using an automated tapping machine, known to a person skilled in the art, until the bulk density underwent no further change. This density was measured to be 520 kg/m 3 .
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was tested for thermal conductivity at a mean temperature of 200 degrees Celsius and at a loose filled tap density of 520 kg/m 3 using cylindrical cell thermal conductivity methods as known by a person skilled in the art and as described in the European Fuel Cell News, volume 8, number 2, July 2001.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was measured as having a thermal conductivity of 0.10 /mK.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was also tested for its free flowing characteristics.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was used to fill an annulus of nominally 4 mm thickness and it was observed that the beaded thermal insulation material flowed freely into the annulus without the need of assistance, for example air pressure, and without undergoing cohesion which would form a bridge of material across the width of the annulus.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was further tested to determine the effect of exposure of the material to an environment of 850 degrees Celsius for 24 hours. It was observed that the beaded material did not undergo densification or sintering following such a heating regime.
  • Compressibility of the beaded thermal insulation material was also determined by means of the beaded thermal insulation material being placed in an annulus of nominally 4 mm thickness and the filled annulus being subjected to a nominal pressure of 5 tonnes. No compaction of the beaded thermal insulation material was observed or measured.
  • Example 1 The vermiculite and binder materials described in Example 1 were mixed together using the same procedure as described for Example 1. 66 per cent by dry weight of a volatilized silica, available from RW Silicium GmbH under the name RW- Fuller Ql, was added gradually to the homogenous mixture of potassium silicate binder and exfoliated vermiculite and mixed for 30 minutes to form beads of insulation material with a diameter in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
  • the volatilised silica has a nominal specific surface area of 20 m 2 /g.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was heated at nominally 120 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to substantially remove the water content present.
  • the composition of the beaded thermal insulation material after heating was nominally 18.3 per cent by dry weight of Micron grade vermiculite, 74.9 per cent by dry weight of volatilised silica and 6.8 per cent by dry weight of potassium silicate binder.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was tested for thermal conductivity at a mean temperature of 200 degrees Celsius and at a loose filled tap density of 550 kg/m 3 using cylindrical cell thermal conductivity methods known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was measured as having a thermal conductivity of 0.11 W/mK.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was also tested for its free flowing characteristics, resistance to sintering and compressibility using the same procedures as described for Example 1.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was observed to flow freely into a 4 mm annulus without the need of assistance, for example air pressure, and without undergoing cohesion which would form a bridge of material across the width of the annulus.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material did not undergo densification or sintering following heating at 850 degrees Celsius for 24 hours. No compaction of the beaded thermal insulation material was observed or measured following the application of a nominal pressure of 5 tonnes.
  • Beaded thermal insulation material was made by mixing together in a paddle-type mixer a mixture of 12 per cent by wet weight of Micron grade exfoliated vermiculite available from Hoben International, and 20 per cent by wet weight of a potassium silicate binder available from Ineos Chemicals under the name K66.
  • vermiculite and binder materials were mixed together using the same procedure as described for Example 1. 69 per cent by dry weight of a volatilized silica, available from RW Silicium GmbH under the name RW-Fuller Ql, was added gradually to the homogenous mixture of potassium silicate binder and exfoliated vermiculite and mixed for 30 minutes to form beads of insulation material with a diameter in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
  • a volatilized silica available from RW Silicium GmbH under the name RW-Fuller Ql
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was heated at nominally 120 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to substantially remove the water content present.
  • the composition of the beaded thermal insulation material after heating was nominally 13 per cent by dry weight of Micron grade vermiculite, 79.0 per cent by dry weight of volatilised silica and 8.0 per cent by dry weight of potassium silicate binder.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was tested for thermal conductivity at a mean temperature of 200 degrees Celsius and at a loose filled tap density of 695 kg/m 3 using cylindrical cell thermal conductivity methods known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was measured as having a thermal conductivity of 0.13 W/mK.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was also tested for its free flowing characteristics, resistance to sintering and compressibility using the same procedures as described for Example 1.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was observed to flow freely into a 4 mm annulus without the need of assistance, for example air pressure, and without undergoing cohesion which would form a bridge of material across the width of the annulus.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material did not undergo densification or sintering following heating at 850 degrees Celsius for 24 hours.
  • Example 1 The vermiculite and binder materials described in Example 1 were mixed together using the same procedure as described for Example 1. 56 per cent by weight of a volatilized silica, available from RW Silicium GmbH under the name RW- Fuller Ql, was added gradually to the homogenous mixture of potassium silicate binder and exfoliated vermiculite. 10 per cent by weight of precipitated silica, available from Degussa AG under the Registered Trade Mark SIPERNAT 500LS, was then added gradually to the binder, exfoliated vermiculite and volatilised silica mixture and mixed for 30 minutes to form beads of insulation material with a diameter in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
  • a volatilized silica available from RW Silicium GmbH under the name RW- Fuller Ql
  • the precipitated silica has a nominal specific surface area of 450 m 2 /g.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was heated at nominally 120 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to substantially remove the water content present.
  • the composition of the beaded thermal insulation material after heating was nominally 18.3 per cent by dry weight of Micron grade vermiculite, 63.6 per cent by dry weight of volatilised silica, 11.3 per cent by dry weight of precipitated silica and 6.8 per cent by dry weight of potassium silicate binder.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was tested for thermal conductivity at a mean temperature of 200 degrees Celsius and at a loose filled tap density of 510 kg/m 3 using cylindrical cell thermal conductivity methods known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was measured as having a thermal conductivity of 0.09 W/mK.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was also tested for its free flowing characteristics, resistance to sintering and compressibility using the same procedures as described for Example 1.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was observed to flow freely into a 4 mm annulus without the need of assistance, for example air pressure, and without undergoing cohesion which would form a bridge of material across the width of the annulus.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material did not undergo densification or sintering following heating at 850 degrees Celsius for 24 hours.
  • Beaded thermal insulation material was made by mixing together in a paddle-type mixer a mixture of 17 per cent by wet weight of Micron grade exfoliated vermiculite available from Hoben International, and 17 per cent by wet weight of a potassium silicate binder available from Ineos Chemicals under the name K66. 17 per cent by weight of infrared opacifier in the form of rutile (titanium oxide) , available from Eggerding Group, Amsterdam, was also added to the binder and exfoliated vermiculite mixture.
  • the rutile has a mean particle size of 1.6 micron as measured using a Fischer sizer.
  • the vermiculite, binder and rutile were mixed together for 10 minutes in order to obtain a homogeneous mixture.
  • 49 per cent by weight of a volatilized silica available from RW Silicium GmbH under the name RW-Fuller, was added gradually to the homogenous mixture of potassium silicate binder, rutile and exfoliated vermiculite and mixed for 30 minutes to form beads of insulation material with a diameter in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was heated at nominally 120 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to substantially remove the water content present.
  • composition of the beaded thermal insulation material after heating was nominally 18.3 per cent by dry weight of Micron grade vermiculite, 55.6 per cent by dry weight of volatilised silica, 19.3 per cent by dry weight of rutile and 6.8 per cent by dry weight of potassium silicate binder.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was tested for thermal conductivity at a mean temperature of 200 degrees Celsius and at a loose filled tap density of 660 kg/m 3 using cylindrical cell thermal conductivity methods known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was measured as having a thermal conductivity of 0.12 W/mK.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was also tested for its free flowing characteristics, resistance to sintering and compressibility using the same procedures as described for Example 1.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was observed to flow freely into a 4 mm annulus without the need of assistance, for example air pressure, and without undergoing cohesion which would form a bridge of material across the width of the annulus.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material did not undergo densification or sintering following heating at 850 degrees Celsius for 24 hours. No compaction of the beaded thermal insulation material was observed or measured following the application of a nominal pressure of 5 tonnes.
  • Beaded thermal insulation material was made by mixing together in a paddle-type mixer a mixture of 20 per cent by wet weight of Micron grade exfoliated vermiculite available from Hoben International, and 20 per cent by wet weight of a potassium silicate binder available from Ineos Chemicals under the name K66.
  • Silicium GmbH under the name RW-Fuller Ql was added gradually to the homogenous mixture of potassium silicate binder and exfoliated vermiculite. 5 per cent dry weight, of fumed silica material available from Degussa AG under the Registered Trade Mark AEROSIL A200 was then added gradually to the binder, exfoliated vermiculite and volatilised silica mixture and mixed for 30 minutes to form beads of insulation material, for example with a diameter in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
  • the fumed silica has a nominal specific surface area of 200 m 2 /g.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was heated at nominally 120 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to substantially remove the water content present.
  • the composition of the beaded thermal insulation material after heating was nominally 22.1 per cent by dry weight of Micron grade vermiculite, 64.0 per cent by dry weight of volatilised silica, 5.8 per cent by dry weight of fumed silica and 8.1 per cent by dry weight of potassium silicate binder.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was tested for thermal conductivity at a mean temperature of 200 degrees Celsius and at a loose filled tap density of 580 kg/m 3 using cylindrical cell thermal conductivity methods known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the beaded thermal insulation material was measured as having a thermal conductivity of 0.13 W/mK.
  • Beaded thermal insulation material according to the present invention has been described in which the inorganic binder is potassium silicate. It should be appreciated that the beaded thermal insulation material could also be manufactured from other suitable materials, for example sodium silicate binder, phosphate binders, for example aluminium orthophosphate solution, or hydraulic binders which set and harden on contact with water, for example alumina cements.
  • suitable materials for example sodium silicate binder, phosphate binders, for example aluminium orthophosphate solution, or hydraulic binders which set and harden on contact with water, for example alumina cements.
  • the solids content of the alkali silicate solutions can be in a range from 25 to 40 per cent by weight, preferably from 30 to 38 per cent.
  • Beaded thermal insulation material according to the present invention has been described in which the core material is exfoliated vermiculite. It should be appreciated that the beaded thermal insulation material could also be manufactured from other suitable relatively coarse materials, for example quartz sand, bauxite, glass microspheres and mica. Although beaded thermal insulation material according to the present invention has been described in which the opacifier is rutile (titanium oxide) , it should be appreciated that the beaded thermal insulation material could also be manufactured from other suitable materials, for example iron titanium oxide, zirconium silicate, zirconium oxide, iron oxide and silicon carbide.
  • Beaded thermal insulation material in accordance with the present invention although described in Example 6 as comprising 5.8 per cent dry weight of fumed silica material, could contain up to 20 per cent dry weight of fumed silica material.
  • the proportion of fumed silica included in the beaded thermal insulation material is relatively low in order to minimise raw material costs. It should be appreciated that other fumed silica to that described in Example 6, for example with a specific surface area in a range from 50 m /g to 400 m /g, preferably in a range from 180 m 2 /g to 230 m 2 /g, could also be used.
  • precipitated silica to that described in Example 4, for example with a specific surface area in a range from 100 m 2 /g to 800 m 2 /g, preferably in a range from 420 m 2 /g to 470 m 2 /g, could be used.
  • volatilised silica to those described in Examples 1 to 6, for example with a specific surface area in a range from 12 m 2 /g to 30 m 2 /g, preferably in a range from 18 m 2 /g to 22 m 2 /g, could be used.
  • the diameter of the beads of thermal insulation material are described as being in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm. However, it should be appreciated that larger diameter beads, for example in a range from 0.2 mm to 5mm, could be formed.
  • Vermiculite and volatilized silica are relatively inexpensive, compared to the price of aerogel-based free flowing thermal insulation material, for example NANOGEL material which comprises substantially 99 per cent by weight of silica, and as such beaded thermal insulation material in accordance with the present invention is relatively inexpensive.
  • Beaded thermal insulation material in accordance with the present invention also possesses relatively low thermal conductivity, high service temperature resistance and adequate mechanical properties.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

A beaded thermal insulation material adapted to be free flowing comprising an intimate mixture of: 1-85% by dry weight volatilised silica; 5-50% by dry weight core material; 3-20% by dry weight inorganic binder; 0-20% by dry weight precipitated silica; 0-20% by dry weight fumed silica; and 0-30% by dry weight infrared opacifier.

Description

BEADED THERMAL INSULATION MATERIAL
The present invention relates to beaded thermal insulation material .
In order to provide insulation for certain high temperature applications which restrict the use of sheets or blocks of insulating material (for example pipe in pipe insulation, such as for exhaust pipe systems, furnace cavities, double skin linings, areas over arched roofs, open joints and for levelling furnace bottoms and hearths) loose filled thermal insulation material can be used.
In order for loose filled thermal insulation material to be efficient it is necessary for the insulation material to be relatively free flowing such that the individual pieces of insulation material do not undergo cohesion to form larger pieces. Pieces of free flowing thermal insulation material need to be able to move past each other to enable the insulation material to settle into the most dense packing arrangement possible and thus avoid uninsulated areas being formed. The most efficient form for free flowing insulation material is to be granular (or beaded) .
Granular (or beaded) forms of thermal insulation material with good free flowing properties are known. However, free flowing thermal insulation products, for example aerogels such as NANOGEL (Registered Trade Mark of Cabot, Germany) , which have relatively low thermal conductivity, for example nominally 0.04 W/mK (mean temperature 200 degrees Celsius), comprise substantially 99 per cent by weight of silica which makes them relatively expensive. Aerogel-based free flowing thermal insulation materials tend to form soft granules and to diffuse into a solid form when heated to temperatures in excess of 700 degrees Celsius. Other forms of granular free flowing thermal insulation material are based on granulated mixtures of clay and calcined diatomaceous earth, for example Moler 05 aggregate supplied by Skamol of Denmark. These insulation materials are relatively inexpensive but have relatively high thermal conductivity, for example 0.2 /mK (mean temperature 200 degrees Celsius) .
It is an object of the present invention to provide a beaded thermal insulation material which is free flowing and which has relatively low thermal conductivity and relatively high service temperature resistance but is comparatively inexpensive and possesses adequate mechanical properties .
According to the present invention there is provided a beaded thermal insulation material adapted to be free flowing comprising an intimate mixture of:
1-85% by dry weight volatilised silica;
5-50% by dry weight core material;
3-20% by dry weight inorganic binder;
0-20% by dry weight precipitated silica;
0-20% by dry weight fumed silica; and 0-30% by dry weight infrared opacifier.
The beaded thermal insulation material may have substantially the following composition:
10-85% by dry weight volatilised silica;
5-25% by dry weight core material;
5-20% by dry weight inorganic binder;
0-20% by dry weight precipitated silica;
0-10% by dry weight fumed silica; and 0-25% by dry weight infrared opacifier. The beaded thermal insulation material may preferably have substantially the following composition:
30-85% by dry weight volatilised silica; 10-25% by dry weight core material; 5-15% by dry weight inorganic binder; 0-20% by dry weight precipitated silica; 0-10% by dry weight fumed silica; and 0-20% by dry weight infrared opacifier.
The diameter of the beads of thermal insulation material may be in a range from 0.2 mm to 5mm, preferably in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
The inorganic binder may be an alkali metal silicate solution, preferably sodium and/or potassium silicate solution. The solids content of the alkali silicate solution may be from 25 to 40 per cent by weight, preferably from 30 to 38 per cent by weight.
The inorganic binder may be a phosphate binder, for example aluminium orthophosphate solution.
The inorganic binder may be a hydraulic binder, for example an alumina cement.
The opacifier may be selected from opacifier materials comprising titanium oxide (rutile) , iron titanium oxide, zirconium silicate, zirconium oxide, iron oxide and silicon carbide.
The volatilised silica may have a specific surface area in a range from 12 m2/g to 30 m2/g, preferably in a range from
18 m/g to 22 m /g, more preferably nominally 20 m /g, The core material may be selected from relatively coarse materials comprising exfoliated vermiculite, quartz sand, bauxite, glass microspheres and mica.
The exfoliated vermiculite may have a particle size in a range from 0.1 mm to 3 mm.
The fumed silica may have a specific surface area in a range from 50 m2/g to 400 m2/g, preferably in a range from 180 m2/g to 230 m2/g, more preferably nominally 200 m2/g.
The precipitated silica may comprise a specific surface area in a range from 100 m2/g to 800 m2/g, preferably in a range from 420 m2/g to 470 m2/g, more preferably nominally 450 m2/g.
The invention will be explained with reference to the following Examples.
EXAMPLE 1
Beaded thermal insulation material was made by mixing together in a paddle-type mixer a mixture of 17 per cent by wet weight of Micron grade exfoliated vermiculite available from Hoben International, and 17 per cent by wet weight of a potassium silicate binder available from Ineos Chemicals under the name Kββ.
The Micron grade exfoliated vermiculite has a particle size in a range from 0.1 mm to 3 mm. The Micron grade exfoliated vermiculite has a water content of about 5 per cent by weight. The potassium silicate binder has the nominal composition 35 per cent by weight solids content and 65 per cent by weight water. The materials were mixed together for 10 minutes in order to obtain a homogeneous mixture. 66 per cent by dry weight of a volatilized silica, available from R Silicium GmbH under the name RW-Fuller, was added gradually to the homogenous mixture of potassium silicate binder and exfoliated vermiculite and mixed for 30 minutes to form beads of insulation material with a diameter in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
The volatilised silica has a nominal specific surface area of 20 m2/g.
The beaded thermal insulation material was heated at nominally 120 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to substantially remove the water content present. The composition of the beaded thermal insulation material after heating was nominally 18.3 per cent by dry weight of Micron grade vermiculite, 74.9 per cent by dry weight of volatilised silica and 6.8 per cent by dry weight of potassium silicate binder.
The optimally settled density (tap density) of the beaded thermal insulation material was determined by repeat tapping of a sample using an automated tapping machine, known to a person skilled in the art, until the bulk density underwent no further change. This density was measured to be 520 kg/m3.
The beaded thermal insulation material was tested for thermal conductivity at a mean temperature of 200 degrees Celsius and at a loose filled tap density of 520 kg/m3 using cylindrical cell thermal conductivity methods as known by a person skilled in the art and as described in the European Fuel Cell News, volume 8, number 2, July 2001. The beaded thermal insulation material was measured as having a thermal conductivity of 0.10 /mK.
The beaded thermal insulation material was also tested for its free flowing characteristics. The beaded thermal insulation material was used to fill an annulus of nominally 4 mm thickness and it was observed that the beaded thermal insulation material flowed freely into the annulus without the need of assistance, for example air pressure, and without undergoing cohesion which would form a bridge of material across the width of the annulus.
The beaded thermal insulation material was further tested to determine the effect of exposure of the material to an environment of 850 degrees Celsius for 24 hours. It was observed that the beaded material did not undergo densification or sintering following such a heating regime.
Compressibility of the beaded thermal insulation material was also determined by means of the beaded thermal insulation material being placed in an annulus of nominally 4 mm thickness and the filled annulus being subjected to a nominal pressure of 5 tonnes. No compaction of the beaded thermal insulation material was observed or measured.
EXAMPLE 2
The vermiculite and binder materials described in Example 1 were mixed together using the same procedure as described for Example 1. 66 per cent by dry weight of a volatilized silica, available from RW Silicium GmbH under the name RW- Fuller Ql, was added gradually to the homogenous mixture of potassium silicate binder and exfoliated vermiculite and mixed for 30 minutes to form beads of insulation material with a diameter in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm. The volatilised silica has a nominal specific surface area of 20 m2/g.
As for Example 1, the beaded thermal insulation material was heated at nominally 120 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to substantially remove the water content present. The composition of the beaded thermal insulation material after heating was nominally 18.3 per cent by dry weight of Micron grade vermiculite, 74.9 per cent by dry weight of volatilised silica and 6.8 per cent by dry weight of potassium silicate binder.
The beaded thermal insulation material was tested for thermal conductivity at a mean temperature of 200 degrees Celsius and at a loose filled tap density of 550 kg/m3 using cylindrical cell thermal conductivity methods known to a person skilled in the art.
The beaded thermal insulation material was measured as having a thermal conductivity of 0.11 W/mK.
The beaded thermal insulation material was also tested for its free flowing characteristics, resistance to sintering and compressibility using the same procedures as described for Example 1.
The beaded thermal insulation material was observed to flow freely into a 4 mm annulus without the need of assistance, for example air pressure, and without undergoing cohesion which would form a bridge of material across the width of the annulus.
The beaded thermal insulation material did not undergo densification or sintering following heating at 850 degrees Celsius for 24 hours. No compaction of the beaded thermal insulation material was observed or measured following the application of a nominal pressure of 5 tonnes.
EXAMPLE 3
Beaded thermal insulation material was made by mixing together in a paddle-type mixer a mixture of 12 per cent by wet weight of Micron grade exfoliated vermiculite available from Hoben International, and 20 per cent by wet weight of a potassium silicate binder available from Ineos Chemicals under the name K66.
The vermiculite and binder materials were mixed together using the same procedure as described for Example 1. 69 per cent by dry weight of a volatilized silica, available from RW Silicium GmbH under the name RW-Fuller Ql, was added gradually to the homogenous mixture of potassium silicate binder and exfoliated vermiculite and mixed for 30 minutes to form beads of insulation material with a diameter in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
As for Example 1, the beaded thermal insulation material was heated at nominally 120 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to substantially remove the water content present. The composition of the beaded thermal insulation material after heating was nominally 13 per cent by dry weight of Micron grade vermiculite, 79.0 per cent by dry weight of volatilised silica and 8.0 per cent by dry weight of potassium silicate binder.
The beaded thermal insulation material was tested for thermal conductivity at a mean temperature of 200 degrees Celsius and at a loose filled tap density of 695 kg/m3 using cylindrical cell thermal conductivity methods known to a person skilled in the art.
The beaded thermal insulation material was measured as having a thermal conductivity of 0.13 W/mK.
The beaded thermal insulation material was also tested for its free flowing characteristics, resistance to sintering and compressibility using the same procedures as described for Example 1.
The beaded thermal insulation material was observed to flow freely into a 4 mm annulus without the need of assistance, for example air pressure, and without undergoing cohesion which would form a bridge of material across the width of the annulus.
The beaded thermal insulation material did not undergo densification or sintering following heating at 850 degrees Celsius for 24 hours.
No compaction of the beaded thermal insulation material was observed or measured following the application of a nominal pressure of 5 tonnes.
EXAMPLE 4
The vermiculite and binder materials described in Example 1 were mixed together using the same procedure as described for Example 1. 56 per cent by weight of a volatilized silica, available from RW Silicium GmbH under the name RW- Fuller Ql, was added gradually to the homogenous mixture of potassium silicate binder and exfoliated vermiculite. 10 per cent by weight of precipitated silica, available from Degussa AG under the Registered Trade Mark SIPERNAT 500LS, was then added gradually to the binder, exfoliated vermiculite and volatilised silica mixture and mixed for 30 minutes to form beads of insulation material with a diameter in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
The precipitated silica has a nominal specific surface area of 450 m2/g.
As for Example 1, the beaded thermal insulation material was heated at nominally 120 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to substantially remove the water content present. The composition of the beaded thermal insulation material after heating was nominally 18.3 per cent by dry weight of Micron grade vermiculite, 63.6 per cent by dry weight of volatilised silica, 11.3 per cent by dry weight of precipitated silica and 6.8 per cent by dry weight of potassium silicate binder.
The beaded thermal insulation material was tested for thermal conductivity at a mean temperature of 200 degrees Celsius and at a loose filled tap density of 510 kg/m3 using cylindrical cell thermal conductivity methods known to a person skilled in the art.
The beaded thermal insulation material was measured as having a thermal conductivity of 0.09 W/mK.
The beaded thermal insulation material was also tested for its free flowing characteristics, resistance to sintering and compressibility using the same procedures as described for Example 1.
The beaded thermal insulation material was observed to flow freely into a 4 mm annulus without the need of assistance, for example air pressure, and without undergoing cohesion which would form a bridge of material across the width of the annulus.
The beaded thermal insulation material did not undergo densification or sintering following heating at 850 degrees Celsius for 24 hours.
No compaction of the beaded thermal insulation material was observed or measured following the application of a nominal pressure of 5 tonnes.
EXAMPLE 5
Beaded thermal insulation material was made by mixing together in a paddle-type mixer a mixture of 17 per cent by wet weight of Micron grade exfoliated vermiculite available from Hoben International, and 17 per cent by wet weight of a potassium silicate binder available from Ineos Chemicals under the name K66. 17 per cent by weight of infrared opacifier in the form of rutile (titanium oxide) , available from Eggerding Group, Amsterdam, was also added to the binder and exfoliated vermiculite mixture. The rutile has a mean particle size of 1.6 micron as measured using a Fischer sizer.
The vermiculite, binder and rutile were mixed together for 10 minutes in order to obtain a homogeneous mixture. 49 per cent by weight of a volatilized silica, available from RW Silicium GmbH under the name RW-Fuller, was added gradually to the homogenous mixture of potassium silicate binder, rutile and exfoliated vermiculite and mixed for 30 minutes to form beads of insulation material with a diameter in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm. As for Example 1, the beaded thermal insulation material was heated at nominally 120 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to substantially remove the water content present. The composition of the beaded thermal insulation material after heating was nominally 18.3 per cent by dry weight of Micron grade vermiculite, 55.6 per cent by dry weight of volatilised silica, 19.3 per cent by dry weight of rutile and 6.8 per cent by dry weight of potassium silicate binder.
The beaded thermal insulation material was tested for thermal conductivity at a mean temperature of 200 degrees Celsius and at a loose filled tap density of 660 kg/m3 using cylindrical cell thermal conductivity methods known to a person skilled in the art.
The beaded thermal insulation material was measured as having a thermal conductivity of 0.12 W/mK.
The beaded thermal insulation material was also tested for its free flowing characteristics, resistance to sintering and compressibility using the same procedures as described for Example 1.
The beaded thermal insulation material was observed to flow freely into a 4 mm annulus without the need of assistance, for example air pressure, and without undergoing cohesion which would form a bridge of material across the width of the annulus.
The beaded thermal insulation material did not undergo densification or sintering following heating at 850 degrees Celsius for 24 hours. No compaction of the beaded thermal insulation material was observed or measured following the application of a nominal pressure of 5 tonnes.
EXAMPLE 6
Beaded thermal insulation material was made by mixing together in a paddle-type mixer a mixture of 20 per cent by wet weight of Micron grade exfoliated vermiculite available from Hoben International, and 20 per cent by wet weight of a potassium silicate binder available from Ineos Chemicals under the name K66.
The vermiculite and binder materials were mixed together using the same procedure as described for Example 1. 55 per cent by weight of a volatilized silica, available from RW
Silicium GmbH under the name RW-Fuller Ql, was added gradually to the homogenous mixture of potassium silicate binder and exfoliated vermiculite. 5 per cent dry weight, of fumed silica material available from Degussa AG under the Registered Trade Mark AEROSIL A200 was then added gradually to the binder, exfoliated vermiculite and volatilised silica mixture and mixed for 30 minutes to form beads of insulation material, for example with a diameter in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
The fumed silica has a nominal specific surface area of 200 m2/g.
As for Example 1, the beaded thermal insulation material was heated at nominally 120 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to substantially remove the water content present. The composition of the beaded thermal insulation material after heating was nominally 22.1 per cent by dry weight of Micron grade vermiculite, 64.0 per cent by dry weight of volatilised silica, 5.8 per cent by dry weight of fumed silica and 8.1 per cent by dry weight of potassium silicate binder.
The beaded thermal insulation material was tested for thermal conductivity at a mean temperature of 200 degrees Celsius and at a loose filled tap density of 580 kg/m3 using cylindrical cell thermal conductivity methods known to a person skilled in the art.
The beaded thermal insulation material was measured as having a thermal conductivity of 0.13 W/mK.
Beaded thermal insulation material according to the present invention has been described in which the inorganic binder is potassium silicate. It should be appreciated that the beaded thermal insulation material could also be manufactured from other suitable materials, for example sodium silicate binder, phosphate binders, for example aluminium orthophosphate solution, or hydraulic binders which set and harden on contact with water, for example alumina cements.
The solids content of the alkali silicate solutions can be in a range from 25 to 40 per cent by weight, preferably from 30 to 38 per cent.
Beaded thermal insulation material according to the present invention has been described in which the core material is exfoliated vermiculite. It should be appreciated that the beaded thermal insulation material could also be manufactured from other suitable relatively coarse materials, for example quartz sand, bauxite, glass microspheres and mica. Although beaded thermal insulation material according to the present invention has been described in which the opacifier is rutile (titanium oxide) , it should be appreciated that the beaded thermal insulation material could also be manufactured from other suitable materials, for example iron titanium oxide, zirconium silicate, zirconium oxide, iron oxide and silicon carbide.
Beaded thermal insulation material in accordance with the present invention, although described in Example 6 as comprising 5.8 per cent dry weight of fumed silica material, could contain up to 20 per cent dry weight of fumed silica material. The proportion of fumed silica included in the beaded thermal insulation material is relatively low in order to minimise raw material costs. It should be appreciated that other fumed silica to that described in Example 6, for example with a specific surface area in a range from 50 m /g to 400 m /g, preferably in a range from 180 m2/g to 230 m2/g, could also be used.
Other forms of precipitated silica to that described in Example 4, for example with a specific surface area in a range from 100 m2/g to 800 m2/g, preferably in a range from 420 m2/g to 470 m2/g, could be used.
Other forms of volatilised silica to those described in Examples 1 to 6, for example with a specific surface area in a range from 12 m2/g to 30 m2/g, preferably in a range from 18 m2/g to 22 m2/g, could be used.
The diameter of the beads of thermal insulation material are described as being in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm. However, it should be appreciated that larger diameter beads, for example in a range from 0.2 mm to 5mm, could be formed. Vermiculite and volatilized silica are relatively inexpensive, compared to the price of aerogel-based free flowing thermal insulation material, for example NANOGEL material which comprises substantially 99 per cent by weight of silica, and as such beaded thermal insulation material in accordance with the present invention is relatively inexpensive. Beaded thermal insulation material in accordance with the present invention also possesses relatively low thermal conductivity, high service temperature resistance and adequate mechanical properties.

Claims

1. A beaded thermal insulation material characterised in that the material is adapted to be free flowing and comprises an intimate mixture of:
1-85% by dry weight volatilised silica;
5-50% by dry weight core material;
3-20% by dry weight inorganic binder; 0-20% by dry weight precipitated silica;
0-20% by dry weight fumed silica; and
0-30% by dry weight infrared opacifier.
2. A material as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the material has the following composition:
10-85% by dry weight volatilised silica; 5-25% by dry weight core material; 5-20% by dry weight inorganic binder; 0-20% by dry weight precipitated silica; 0-10% by dry weight fumed silica; and 0-25% by dry weight infrared opacifier.
3. A material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the material has the following composition:
30-85% by dry weight volatilised silica; 10-25% by dry weight core material; 5-15% by dry weight inorganic binder; 0-20% by dry weight precipitated silica; 0-10% by dry weight fumed silica; and 0-20% by dry weight infrared opacifier.
4. A material as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised in that the beads of thermal insulation material have a diameter in a range from 0.2 mm to 5mm.
5. A material as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that the diameter is in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
6. A material as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised in that the inorganic binder is an alkali metal silicate solution.
7. A material as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the alkali metal silicate solution is selected from sodium and potassium silicate solution.
8. A material as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the alkali metal silicate solution has a solids content of from 25 to 40 per cent by weight.
9. A material as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that the alkali metal silicate solution has a solids content of from 30 to 38 per cent by weight.
10. A material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the inorganic binder is a phosphate binder.
11. A material as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that the phosphate binder is an aluminium orthophosphate solution.
12. A material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the inorganic binder is a hydraulic binder.
13. A material as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that the hydraulic binder is an alumina cement.
14. A material as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised in that the opacifier is selected from titanium oxide (rutile) , iron titanium oxide, zirconium silicate, zirconium oxide, iron oxide and silicon carbide.
15. A material as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised in that the volatilised silica has a specific surface area in a range from 12 m2/g to 30 m2/g.
16. A material as claimed in claim 15, characterised in that the volatilised silica has a specific surface area in a range from 18 m2/g to 22 m2/g.
17. A material as claimed in claim 16, characterised in that the volatilised silica has a specific surface area of nominally 20 m2/g,
18. A material as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised in that the core material is selected from relatively coarse materials comprising exfoliated vermiculite, quartz sand, bauxite, glass microspheres and mica.
19. A material as claimed in claim 18, characterised in that the exfoliated vermiculite has a particle size in a range from 0.1 mm to 3 mm.
20. A material as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised in that the fumed silica has a specific surface area in a range from 50 m2/g to 400 m2/g.
21. A material as claimed in claim 20, characterised in that the fumed silica has a specific surface area in a range from 180 m2/g to 230 m2/g.
22. A material as claimed in claim 21, characterised in that the fumed silica has a specific surface area of nominally 200 m2/g.
23. A material as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised in that the precipitated silica has a specific surface area in a range from 100 m /g to 800 m /g.
24. A material as claimed in claim 23, characterised in that the precipitated silica has a specific surface area in a range from 420 m2/g to 470 m2/g.
25. A material as claimed in claim 24, characterised in that the precipitated silica has a specific surface area of nominally 450 m2/g.
PCT/GB2004/001246 2003-04-05 2004-03-23 Beaded thermal insulation material Ceased WO2004089843A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0307932.4 2003-04-05
GB0307932A GB0307932D0 (en) 2003-04-05 2003-04-05 Beaded thermal insulation material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004089843A1 true WO2004089843A1 (en) 2004-10-21

Family

ID=9956283

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2004/001246 Ceased WO2004089843A1 (en) 2003-04-05 2004-03-23 Beaded thermal insulation material

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB0307932D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2004089843A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006097668A1 (en) * 2005-03-15 2006-09-21 Microtherm International Limited Granular fibre-free microporous thermal insulation material and method
RU2476407C2 (en) * 2010-05-31 2013-02-27 Валерий Александрович Сырых Raw mixture for manufacturing thermal insulation
RU2495853C2 (en) * 2009-02-13 2013-10-20 Эвоник Дегусса Гмбх Heat-insulation material containing precipitated silicon dioxide

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2321407A1 (en) * 1972-04-27 1973-11-15 Acec THERMAL INSULATING PLATES AND SHELLS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEM
US4680279A (en) * 1985-06-24 1987-07-14 Dresser Industries, Inc. Abrasion resistant refractory composition
US4992397A (en) * 1989-02-06 1991-02-12 Hughes Jr Gustav O Low thermal conductivity, high strength refractory castable composition with high abrasion resistance
DE29500253U1 (en) * 1995-01-09 1996-05-09 Pafamax Brandschutztechnik GmbH, 34123 Kassel Device for producing a tube from bulk material
WO1998017596A1 (en) * 1996-10-24 1998-04-30 Wacker-Chemie Gmbh Heat insulating moulded body and process for producing the same
EP0921106A1 (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-06-09 Crc Chemical Research Company Ltd. Building material mixture with a alkali silicate binder component and a powder component for coating and pointing
RO114891B1 (en) * 1993-09-14 1999-08-30 Maria Popescu Process for preparing ceramic type granular materials
WO2001009057A1 (en) * 1999-07-31 2001-02-08 Microtherm International Limited Method of manufacturing a thermal insulation body
DE10065075A1 (en) * 2000-12-23 2002-06-27 Sepp Zeug Mixture used in the production of molded parts contains vermiculite, phosphate binder, water, highly dispersed metal oxide, clay, and a combination of inorganic silicates

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2321407A1 (en) * 1972-04-27 1973-11-15 Acec THERMAL INSULATING PLATES AND SHELLS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEM
US4680279A (en) * 1985-06-24 1987-07-14 Dresser Industries, Inc. Abrasion resistant refractory composition
US4992397A (en) * 1989-02-06 1991-02-12 Hughes Jr Gustav O Low thermal conductivity, high strength refractory castable composition with high abrasion resistance
RO114891B1 (en) * 1993-09-14 1999-08-30 Maria Popescu Process for preparing ceramic type granular materials
DE29500253U1 (en) * 1995-01-09 1996-05-09 Pafamax Brandschutztechnik GmbH, 34123 Kassel Device for producing a tube from bulk material
WO1998017596A1 (en) * 1996-10-24 1998-04-30 Wacker-Chemie Gmbh Heat insulating moulded body and process for producing the same
EP0921106A1 (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-06-09 Crc Chemical Research Company Ltd. Building material mixture with a alkali silicate binder component and a powder component for coating and pointing
WO2001009057A1 (en) * 1999-07-31 2001-02-08 Microtherm International Limited Method of manufacturing a thermal insulation body
DE10065075A1 (en) * 2000-12-23 2002-06-27 Sepp Zeug Mixture used in the production of molded parts contains vermiculite, phosphate binder, water, highly dispersed metal oxide, clay, and a combination of inorganic silicates

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199946, Derwent World Patents Index; Class L02, AN 1999-549833, XP002284853 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006097668A1 (en) * 2005-03-15 2006-09-21 Microtherm International Limited Granular fibre-free microporous thermal insulation material and method
RU2495853C2 (en) * 2009-02-13 2013-10-20 Эвоник Дегусса Гмбх Heat-insulation material containing precipitated silicon dioxide
RU2476407C2 (en) * 2010-05-31 2013-02-27 Валерий Александрович Сырых Raw mixture for manufacturing thermal insulation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0307932D0 (en) 2003-05-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Bernal et al. Performance of refractory aluminosilicate particle/fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites
Kuenzel et al. Production of nepheline/quartz ceramics from geopolymer mortars
PL180782B1 (en) Aerogel containing laminar material, method of obtaining same and application thereof
WO2020021451A1 (en) Geopolymer concretes for energy storage applications
US20140047999A1 (en) Acid and high temperature resistant cement composites
CN102976771A (en) High temperature resistant lightweight heat insulation castables
CN109553428B (en) Ceramic fiber refractory castable and preparation method thereof
Shaikh et al. Effect of nano silica and fine silica sand on compressive strength of sodium and potassium activators synthesised fly ash geopolymer at elevated temperatures
JPH01160883A (en) Light fire-proof composition of fused silica
Lee et al. Strength and fire resistance of a high-strength nano-polymer modified cementitious composite
Mazlan et al. Geopolymer: A review on physical properties of inorganic aluminosilicate coating materials
WO2004089843A1 (en) Beaded thermal insulation material
Abed et al. A comprehensive study of perlite in building materials: balancing sustainability and performance
CA2543834A1 (en) High temperature cements
Zaidan et al. The effects of bauxite, metakaolin, and porosity on the thermal properties of prepared Iraqi clays refractory mortars
Kearsley et al. The use of foamed concrete in refractories
CA1271496A (en) Refractory cement
AU2009352672B2 (en) Geothermal grout and method of using same to install a geothermal heating system
Dao et al. Investigation of the behaviour of geopolymer mortar after heating to elevated temperatures
JP5465396B2 (en) Low thermal conductivity powder composition for heat insulation castable
CA3195009A1 (en) Mineral binder based construction material with improved fire resistance behavior
Folorunso et al. Refractory properties of snail shell particulate modified termite clay
US4514531A (en) Monolithic refractories comprising a hydrocolloid
Jelidi et al. Use effects of blast furnace slag aggregates in hydraulic concrete
Hwalla et al. Performance of Metakaolin-Based Alkali-Activated Mortar for Underwater Placement

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase