[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2004081405A1 - Materiau de friction et procede de fabrication de celui-ci - Google Patents

Materiau de friction et procede de fabrication de celui-ci Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2004081405A1
WO2004081405A1 PCT/SI2004/000015 SI2004000015W WO2004081405A1 WO 2004081405 A1 WO2004081405 A1 WO 2004081405A1 SI 2004000015 W SI2004000015 W SI 2004000015W WO 2004081405 A1 WO2004081405 A1 WO 2004081405A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
powder
copper
particles
friction
size
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SI2004/000015
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Srecko Secnik
Zmago Stadler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MS PRODUCTION MIKLAVZ ZORNIK SP
Original Assignee
MS PRODUCTION MIKLAVZ ZORNIK SP
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SI200300061A external-priority patent/SI21464A/sl
Application filed by MS PRODUCTION MIKLAVZ ZORNIK SP filed Critical MS PRODUCTION MIKLAVZ ZORNIK SP
Publication of WO2004081405A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004081405A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
    • F16D69/028—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides containing fibres

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of chemistry, and more particularly to that, dealing with materials for particular purposes, i.e. wear-resistant friction materials.
  • the invention can also be ranged, within the branch of machine building, into the field of brakes and clutches, and more particularly of brake pads.
  • the invention can also be ranged into the field of processing of powder substances, i.e. of making of objects and semi-products by means of sintering. .
  • the present invention deals, in the first place, with sintered friction materials for manufacture of brake elements such as brake pads for passenger cars, motorcycles, industrial machines and other devices. Due to constantly increasing demands concerning friction characteristics of brake pads in modern brake systems and to their exposition to constantly increasing temperatures at braking, to constantly increasing demands concerning low wear and also to new available materials for the manufacture of brake disks, sintered brake materials are again introduced in the production of brake linings, and especially of brake pads.
  • the newest available materials for brake disks such as composite materials based on aluminium with addition of ceramic powders (so called Al- MMC materials), composite materials based on C/C composite with ceramic coating based on SiC and composite materials based on C/SiC, owing to their specifically and unlikeness to classical materials for the manufacture of disks, such as grey cast and steel cast require the development of new friction materials for production of brake pads.
  • there was available no material suitable for usage in brake elements, e. g. brake pads, and particularly brake lining of disk brakes which would excel by low wear and high friction coefficient at high temperatures (over 650° C) and at the loadings at high sliding speed, which all represent the parameters of regular use of disk brakes of e.g. a modern motorcycle or also any other motor vehicle.
  • the aim of the present invention is therefore creation of a sintered friction material, which would have a high friction coefficient at least within the domain of regular use, which would be independent with respect to temperature, speed and surface pressure at braking.
  • sintered friction materials are used for production of friction linings, i.e. brake pads for passenger cars, industrial machines and of friction elements for clutches, and also for motorcycles.
  • Sintered friction materials are based on a metal matrix composed of sintered powders of copper and/or brass; it can also- consist of powdered iron and copper where, however, iron powder prevails as the basis.
  • the metal component sintered friction materials can also contain additives of friction modification, such as abrasive substances, metal sulphides or coke powder, as well as lubricants, such as graphite.
  • Sintered friction materials generally consist, of:
  • Metal powders e. g. copper, brass, bronze, iron
  • Friction modifiers e.g. alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron carbide, boron nitride, chrome oxide, silica, metal sulphides
  • Lubricants e. g. graphite, molybdenum sulphide, calcium fluoride, kryolite.
  • the subject of the here provided present invention are sintered friction materials having a high friction coefficient regardless of temperature, speed and surface pressure at braking, which enables their use for the manufacture of friction elements, such as e. g. brake pads, and primarily of disc brake linings excelling by their low wear and high friction coefficient at high temperatures (over 650°C) and loadings at high sliding speed.
  • Sintered friction materials dealt with in the present invention contain a new combination of materials representing a basic metallic matrix based on copper, iron with the addition of powdered steel, alloyed by the carbides of tungsten, vanadium and/or chrome, with the addition of abrasive substances resistant in a neutral/reductive atmosphere as well as of mechanical and temperature resistant carbon fibres (0.2 to 1.0 mm long) in the here below quoted proportions.
  • Substances for sintering and friction modifiers shall be added to the basic metallic matrix, and all this shall be bonded into a solid friction composite by way of sintering in a protective atmosphere.
  • the subject of the present invention is also friction material composed of (by weight percents of the total quantity of material):
  • friction modifiers e.g. graphite, molybdenum sulphide, calcium fluoride
  • friction additives e.g. abrasive substances such as silicon carbide, alumina, silicon nitride
  • 30 to 45 % of copper powder and copper chips 15 to 25 % of iron powder containing 0.02 to 0.05 % of carbon or copper alloyed steel powder
  • Preferential sintered friction material consists of (by weight %):
  • friction modifiers e.g. graphite, molybdenum sulphide, calcium fluoride;
  • friction additives e.g. abrasive substances, such as silicon carbide, alumina, silicon nitride, aluminium nitride; 30 to 45 % of copper powder and copper chips; 15 to 25 % of iron powder containing 0.02 to 0.05 % of carbon or copper alloyed steel powder; 10 to 20 % of steel powder, alloyed with carbides of W, V, Co and Cr;
  • a further possible composition of the friction material is (again by weight percents of the total quantity of material):
  • iron powder containing 0.02 to 0.03% of carbon having the size of particles less than 0.15 mm, or of steel (A) powder, preferably iron powder, containing 0.02 to 0.03% of carbon, and of 5% of copper, whose particle size is less than 0.15 mm;
  • the mostly preferred sintered friction material consists of (again by weight percents of the total quantity of the material):
  • 1 to 3 % of copper chips having the size of particles at least approximately 60 ⁇ m thick and 3 mm long; 18 to 22 % of iron powder containing 0.02 to 0.03% of carbon having the size of particles less than 0.15 mm, or of steel (A) powder, preferably iron powder, containing 0.02 to 0.03% of carbon, and of 5% of copper, whose particle size is less than 0.15 mm; 10 to 15 % of steel powder (B) containing 1.2% of carbon, 4% of chrome, 5% of molybdenum, 3% of vanadium, 6% of tungsten; whose particle size is less than 0.15 mm;
  • a further subject of the proposed invention is the process of preparing a sintered friction material.
  • Such process consists of mixing the above quoted components according to the invention in a mixer with the purpose of mixing of powdered components in dry condition. The time of mixing depends on the evenness of distribution of light components in the mixture. Mixing takes place until a desired evenness of the distribution of graphite particles is achieved, which is visually estimated by means of a stereo-microscope.
  • fiiction elements prepared of the friction mixture according to the present invention are fiiction elements prepared of the friction mixture according to the present invention, and their use at high friction loadings on brake disks, made of grey cast iron, cast steel and on disks made of composite materials on the basis of C/C-SiC and C/SiC.
  • a friction mixture prepared according to the hereinabove described procedure and in the hereinabove described proportions of particular components is ready for manufacturing appropriate friction elements, especially brake linings, and more particularly brake pads, which are intended for cooperation with the disc in a disc brake.
  • appropriate friction elements especially brake linings, and more particularly brake pads, which are intended for cooperation with the disc in a disc brake.
  • the process of shaping and sintering of the mixture into the brake lining together with the backing plate is applied.
  • the process of manufacturing of the break pad consists of several consecutive phases, where:
  • a 10 to 15 ⁇ m thick layer of copper is applied, by way of galvanization, to the backing plate made of a steel plate;
  • the brake pads with the applied friction lining are stacked and pressed in special frames of heat resistant steel and/or inconel or graphite and sintered approximately one hour in the protective atmosphere consisting of argon or in a gas mixture of argon, nitrogen and hydrogen or endo-gas at temperatures of 900 to 1200°C;
  • sintered pads are finished in consecutive phases of grinding, painting and assembling.
  • Brake pads manufactured in this way are ready for testing and for installing into the brake system.
  • V-type mixer a mixture was prepared, consisting of 45 g of graphite - particle size 0.15 to 0.6 mm, 12 g of silicon carbide - average particle size 25 ⁇ m, 129 g of powdered copper - particle size below 0.075 mm, 60 g of iron powder containing 0.02 to 0.03 % and which particle size is below 0.15 mm, 45 g of steel powder (B) containing 1.2 % of carbon, 4% of chrome, 5% of molybdenum, 3% of vanadium and 6 % of tungsten - particle size below 0.15 mm, 9 g of bronze powder CuSnlO - the size of 90 % of particles below 0.25 mm, and 6 g of carbon fibres, 0.2 to 1.0 mm long. Brake pads, intended for cooperation with the discs of the disc brakes of the rear wheel of the motorcycle, whose dimension was 40 x 40 mm and fiiction area of 10.2 cm 2 , have been
  • Friction characteristics of sintered brake pads manufactured of the friction mixture according to the present invention are tested on the automatic friction testing machine type Krauss RWS 75B according to our own test programs. The results of testing the embodiment of the invention obtained in accordance with this example are given in Table 1 and Table 2. Example 2
  • Example 2 Proceeding was the same as in Example 1 with the exception that 18 g of silicon carbide - average particle size 25 ⁇ m, 99 g of copper powder - particle size below 0.075 mm and 30 g of copper fibres of the size 60 ⁇ m x 3 mm, 39 g of steel powder (B) containing 1.2 % of carbon, 4 % of chrome, 5 % of molybdenum, 3% of vanadium and 6 % of tungsten - particle size below 0.15 mm were applied.
  • B steel powder
  • Example 2 Proceeding was the same as in Example 1, with the exception, that 32 g of graphite - particle size 0.15 to 0.6 mm, 20 g of silicon carbide - average particle size 25 ⁇ m, 9 g of aluminium nitride - average particle size 45 ⁇ m, 134 g of powdered copper - particle size below 0.075 mm, 36 g of steel powder (B) containing 1.2% of carbon, 4% of chrome, 5% of molybdenum, 3% of vanadium and 6% of tungsten - particle size below 0.15 mm were applied.
  • B steel powder
  • Table 1 The results of testing with respect to friction characteristics of the brake pads manufactured according to this Example 4 of the invention are given in Table 1.
  • Table 1 the friction characteristics of sintered brake linings manufactured on the basis of the friction mixture according to the proposed invention (brake disc: C/C- SiC composite) are shown. Testing was performed at the constant speed of rotation 660 min "1 . The friction coefficient is marked with ⁇ , and SICOMTM is a registered trademark owned by MS PRODUCTION and related to material on the basis of silicon infiltrated carbon/carbon composite.
  • Example 1 Example 2
  • Example 3 Example 4 ⁇ 200 0.66 0.60 0.63 0.72 ⁇ 300 0.66 0.60 0.62 0.70 ⁇ 400 0.57 0.58 0.63 0.66 ⁇ (average) 0.62 0.59 0.63 0.69
  • Brake pad 40 x 40 mm
  • Table 2 shows friction characteristics of sintered brake linings manufactured of the friction mixture according to the proposed invention as well as a commercial specimen (brake disc: cast steel). Again, testing was performed at the constant speed of rotation 660 min " , the and friction coefficient is also marked with ⁇ .
  • Example 2 Ferrode I/D450 ⁇ 100 0.52 0.49 0.45- ⁇ 200 0.52 0.49 0.52 ⁇ 300 0.54 0.52 0.51 ⁇ (average) 0.53 0.49 0.49
  • Brake plate 40 x 40 mm Brake system: Brembo Effective radius: 81.4 mm Pad area: 10.2 cm 2
  • Friction characteristics of sintered materials of the Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Table 1), as measured on the brake discs manufactured of the composite C/C having a SiC ceramic sliding surface show that all four of them excel by a high and constant friction coefficient ⁇ and by low specific wear.
  • the material of the Example 4 has the highest measured and also the most temperature - stable friction coefficient ⁇ at 400°C. The lowest specific wear has been measured in this material, as well.
  • the material of the Example 1 has a high friction coefficient ⁇ at lower temperatures (100 to 300°C), which, however, is less constant. Low specific wear of the friction material, too, was observed in the Example 1.
  • Sintered material of the Example 2 contains friction modifiers showing effects at higher temperatures, so good characteristic can be expected at very high temperatures of braking (over 600°C).
  • the measured friction characteristics show that sintered fiiction materials according to the proposed invention can be successfully used also in classical brake discs, and they are especially suitable for braking on brake discs of the new generation manufactured of composite materials C/C-SiC and C/SiC.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un matériau de friction fritté ainsi qu'un procédé de fabrication de celui-ci. L'invention concerne en outre des éléments de friction tels que des garnitures de freins et/ou des patins de freins pour des véhicules à moteur, ainsi que le procédé de fabrication de ces produits. De tels éléments de friction excellent par leur faible taux d'usure ainsi que par un coefficient de friction élevé et thermiquement stable. Ces matériaux sont adaptés à tous types de garnitures de freins en combinaison avec des disques de freins en acier ou en fonte moulés, et plus spécifiquement avec des disques de nouvelle génération basés sur les composites C/C-SiC et CiC.
PCT/SI2004/000015 2003-03-10 2004-03-05 Materiau de friction et procede de fabrication de celui-ci Ceased WO2004081405A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SIP-200300061 2003-03-10
SI200300061A SI21464A (sl) 2003-03-10 2003-03-10 Torni material in postopek izdelave tovrstnega materiala ter zavorna obloga, zlasti zavorna ploščica, in postopek izdelave le-te
SI200400034A SI21465A (sl) 2003-03-10 2004-01-30 Torni material in postopek izdelave tovrstnega materiala ter zavorna obloga, zlasti zavorna ploščica, in postopek izdelave le-te
SIP-200400034 2004-01-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004081405A1 true WO2004081405A1 (fr) 2004-09-23

Family

ID=32993223

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SI2004/000015 Ceased WO2004081405A1 (fr) 2003-03-10 2004-03-05 Materiau de friction et procede de fabrication de celui-ci

Country Status (2)

Country Link
SI (1) SI21465A (fr)
WO (1) WO2004081405A1 (fr)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100396952C (zh) * 2004-11-29 2008-06-25 丰田自动车株式会社 摩擦装置
CN102619914A (zh) * 2012-03-15 2012-08-01 临安华龙摩擦材料有限公司 石油钻机盘式制动片及其制备方法
CN103639414A (zh) * 2013-12-13 2014-03-19 哈尔滨理工大学 高硬度低磨损铜基摩擦材料的制备方法
RU2645857C1 (ru) * 2016-10-21 2018-02-28 Владислав Валентинович Берент Способ изготовления фрикционного материала для тормозных колодок и тормозная колодка
CN109136791A (zh) * 2018-08-01 2019-01-04 玉环双翔机械有限公司 一种高耐久度的用于标动高铁刹车片的复合材料制备方法
CN112264624A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2021-01-26 上海理工大学 一种低钨含量的粉末冶金闸片及其制备方法
CN112517905A (zh) * 2020-11-29 2021-03-19 无锡钊厚金属制造有限公司 一种闸片摩擦块的制备方法
CN112620635A (zh) * 2020-12-09 2021-04-09 安阳工学院 一种铁基粉末冶金摩擦材料及其制备方法
CN114833339A (zh) * 2022-05-06 2022-08-02 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 耐高温粉末冶金摩擦材料与耐温闸片及其制备方法与应用
CN114871429A (zh) * 2022-05-26 2022-08-09 北京瑞斯福高新科技股份有限公司 一种新一代高速动车组用粉末冶金摩擦材料及其制备方法
CN115319078A (zh) * 2022-08-22 2022-11-11 浙江汉格科技有限公司 一种高能载制动工况用铜基粉末冶金材料
CN115351272A (zh) * 2022-08-22 2022-11-18 浙江汉格科技有限公司 一种高能载制动工况用铜基粉末冶金材料的制备方法
CN115415527A (zh) * 2022-08-16 2022-12-02 湖南金天铝业高科技股份有限公司 制动盘的制备方法
CN119588929A (zh) * 2024-12-10 2025-03-11 北京科技大学 一种稀土润滑的高速度列车制动闸片及制备方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4019912A (en) * 1971-09-04 1977-04-26 Jurid Werke Gmbh Frictional material reinforced with carbonaceous fibers
JPS58167697A (ja) * 1982-03-29 1983-10-03 Arai Pump Mfg Co Ltd 摺動部用部材
US4678818A (en) * 1984-12-13 1987-07-07 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Friction material and method of making such material
US6110268A (en) * 1997-03-21 2000-08-29 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Sintered brake lining and method for its manufacture
US6316086B1 (en) * 1998-04-21 2001-11-13 Schott Glas Friction lining for torque transmission devices

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4019912A (en) * 1971-09-04 1977-04-26 Jurid Werke Gmbh Frictional material reinforced with carbonaceous fibers
JPS58167697A (ja) * 1982-03-29 1983-10-03 Arai Pump Mfg Co Ltd 摺動部用部材
US4678818A (en) * 1984-12-13 1987-07-07 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Friction material and method of making such material
US6110268A (en) * 1997-03-21 2000-08-29 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Sintered brake lining and method for its manufacture
US6316086B1 (en) * 1998-04-21 2001-11-13 Schott Glas Friction lining for torque transmission devices

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 0072, no. 89 (C - 202) 23 December 1983 (1983-12-23) *

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100396952C (zh) * 2004-11-29 2008-06-25 丰田自动车株式会社 摩擦装置
CN102619914A (zh) * 2012-03-15 2012-08-01 临安华龙摩擦材料有限公司 石油钻机盘式制动片及其制备方法
CN103639414A (zh) * 2013-12-13 2014-03-19 哈尔滨理工大学 高硬度低磨损铜基摩擦材料的制备方法
RU2645857C1 (ru) * 2016-10-21 2018-02-28 Владислав Валентинович Берент Способ изготовления фрикционного материала для тормозных колодок и тормозная колодка
CN109136791A (zh) * 2018-08-01 2019-01-04 玉环双翔机械有限公司 一种高耐久度的用于标动高铁刹车片的复合材料制备方法
CN112264624A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2021-01-26 上海理工大学 一种低钨含量的粉末冶金闸片及其制备方法
CN112517905A (zh) * 2020-11-29 2021-03-19 无锡钊厚金属制造有限公司 一种闸片摩擦块的制备方法
CN112620635A (zh) * 2020-12-09 2021-04-09 安阳工学院 一种铁基粉末冶金摩擦材料及其制备方法
CN114833339A (zh) * 2022-05-06 2022-08-02 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 耐高温粉末冶金摩擦材料与耐温闸片及其制备方法与应用
CN114833339B (zh) * 2022-05-06 2023-06-16 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 耐高温粉末冶金摩擦材料与耐温闸片及其制备方法与应用
CN114871429A (zh) * 2022-05-26 2022-08-09 北京瑞斯福高新科技股份有限公司 一种新一代高速动车组用粉末冶金摩擦材料及其制备方法
CN114871429B (zh) * 2022-05-26 2024-02-20 北京瑞斯福高新科技股份有限公司 一种高速动车组用粉末冶金摩擦材料及其制备方法
CN115415527A (zh) * 2022-08-16 2022-12-02 湖南金天铝业高科技股份有限公司 制动盘的制备方法
CN115415527B (zh) * 2022-08-16 2023-12-08 湖南湘投轻材科技股份有限公司 制动盘的制备方法
CN115319078A (zh) * 2022-08-22 2022-11-11 浙江汉格科技有限公司 一种高能载制动工况用铜基粉末冶金材料
CN115351272A (zh) * 2022-08-22 2022-11-18 浙江汉格科技有限公司 一种高能载制动工况用铜基粉末冶金材料的制备方法
CN119588929A (zh) * 2024-12-10 2025-03-11 北京科技大学 一种稀土润滑的高速度列车制动闸片及制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SI21465A (sl) 2004-10-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2004081405A1 (fr) Materiau de friction et procede de fabrication de celui-ci
JP4430468B2 (ja) 銅系焼結摩擦材
JP4875823B2 (ja) 非石綿系摩擦材
US7045207B2 (en) Friction bodies comprising metal-infiltrated, fiber-reinforced porous carbon
JPH05179232A (ja) ブレーキ用焼結金属摩擦材
JP2009102583A (ja) ブレーキ摩擦材
JP2000144104A (ja) 摩擦材
JP4195791B2 (ja) ブレーキ用摩擦材
EP1179687A1 (fr) Matrice de base et composition de matériau de friction la contenant ainsi que procédés de préparation
JP2000345142A (ja) 摩擦材
JP2021152119A (ja) 摩擦部材、摩擦材組成物、摩擦材及び車両
JP5578391B2 (ja) 非石綿系摩擦材
JP2004155843A (ja) 非石綿系摩擦材
JP3068798B2 (ja) 摩擦材
EP0679818B1 (fr) Matériau de friction
JP2018002775A (ja) ブレーキ摩擦材
JP4589215B2 (ja) 焼結摩擦材
SI21464A (sl) Torni material in postopek izdelave tovrstnega materiala ter zavorna obloga, zlasti zavorna ploščica, in postopek izdelave le-te
CN100396952C (zh) 摩擦装置
JP2000355685A (ja) 摩擦材料
JP2007107067A (ja) 銅系焼結摩擦材
JP6026731B2 (ja) 摩擦材
JP2007113642A (ja) 摩擦対および摩擦材
JP2022537646A (ja) アルミニウムブレーキディスク用摩擦ライニング
JP2007126738A (ja) 焼結摩擦材

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DPEN Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase