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WO2004078676A1 - Poudre traitee par fusion contenant un agent de repulsion, composition retardant l'evaporation et des moyens destines a favoriser la culture de plantes et/ou l'elevage d'animaux - Google Patents

Poudre traitee par fusion contenant un agent de repulsion, composition retardant l'evaporation et des moyens destines a favoriser la culture de plantes et/ou l'elevage d'animaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004078676A1
WO2004078676A1 PCT/CA2003/000296 CA0300296W WO2004078676A1 WO 2004078676 A1 WO2004078676 A1 WO 2004078676A1 CA 0300296 W CA0300296 W CA 0300296W WO 2004078676 A1 WO2004078676 A1 WO 2004078676A1
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Prior art keywords
water
melt
powder
filmforming
product
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Robert Neville O'brien
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/16—Preventing evaporation or oxidation of non-metallic liquids by applying a floating layer, e.g. of microballoons

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to water conservation using evaporation retardant chemicals, and to manufacturing without significant chemical reactions between constituents of a special powder made by melt-processing blended film- forming and non-film-forming chemicals as hereinafter described, more particularly relating to an end-product that transports the latter along with the former, where the to-be-transported non-film-former is a chemical useful to plant cultivation animal husbandry, or both.
  • the powder shall contain an agent effective to cause particles of the powder to repel one another giving very rapid spreading.
  • the essential film-forming constituent of such powders is one or more of the straight-chain fatty alcohols well known for use to retard water evaporation.
  • the powder of the invention is contemplated for usefulness when distributed onto plots of farm-land, lake water, gardens, rice paddies, turf of golf courses, or the like, for any purpose of plant cultivation or animal husbandry or both, including fertilization, control of pestilent life forms either plant or animal, desired animal or plant health or growth promotion, faster than usual germination of seeds, and so forth for unusually rapid spreading and delivery of the desired materials.
  • the old "acidified gypsum" incurs loss of at least some of the sulfuric acid in it, if potash (potassium chloride) is blended into a melt of aliphatic alcohol containing the gypsum acidified by pre-mixed sulfuric acid.
  • potash potassium chloride
  • melt temperature may not have been above about 100° C
  • a chemical reaction between some of the sulfuric acid and some of the potassium chloride occurs, producing just a small quantity of hydrogen chloride gas that has not been a major problem in the very small-scale batch-type experimental production runs
  • this occurrence would become a significant problem for large-scale production, necessitating unwanted costs respecting tailgas recovery that will not be a factor for the present invention.
  • this is primarily to extend the utility of evaporation retardant- containing powder compositions capable of enhanced dispersed by means of the ionization-procured particles-repulsion feature of the prior art of my own origination as heretofore cited and requested to be incorporated by reference.
  • special chemical entities are the fertilizers: potash, ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and calcium superphosphate.
  • the primary object of the present invention has also had to be met in the face of the complication and technical risk incurred by incorporating substances like the abovenamed five fertilizers into a melt containing an acid for the end-use dispersal feature and an aliphatic alcohol for evaporation retardancy, since the acid could conceivably react with the incorporated substance.
  • substances like the abovenamed five fertilizers into a melt containing an acid for the end-use dispersal feature and an aliphatic alcohol for evaporation retardancy, since the acid could conceivably react with the incorporated substance.
  • Serial Number 09/739,895 that blending potassium chloride (potash) into a melt in which sulfuric acid is present would involve an "expected tendency of producing gaseous hydrogen chloride".
  • the present invention gets around that as well as the other problems.
  • the homologous group of dicarboxylic acids all having melting points in a range above 97° C is hereby specified as particularly suitable from which to select an acid for the purpose of blending into an above-room-temperature melt of normally solid phase higher aliphatic alcohol having a long, straight, unbranched carbon-containing chain when the melt also contains non-filmforming constituents that could include ground gypsum, but need not and may now include one or more than one previously unmentioned agricultural or aquacultural chemicals useful to distribute with the evaporation regardant, eg., onto farmland, lakes, gardens, rice paddies, golf courses, etc., provided conditions of blending in the melt are so arranged and melt-processing is so conducted that no significant chemical reactions occur to degrade constituent . properties.
  • dicarboxylic acid in the end-product film-spreading powder composition containing an agricultural or aquacultural chemical as well as an aliphatic alcohol evaporation retardant is the same as that of lime in abovecited PN 6,303,133 B1 and of sulfuric acid absorbed in the gypsum of Appl. Serial Number 09/739,895.
  • the acid will undergo an ionization that leads to temporarily held like charges on the composite particles of broadcastable particulate material of which the end-product consists, the particles thereby tending to mutually repel one another. It has become apparent from tests that oxalic acid has the best dissociation constant, is convenient and hence is the "preferred" dicarboxylic acid I recommend using.
  • oxalic acid disperses fatty alcohol film spreading powders faster than either slaked lime or acidified gypsum. From the chemical structure of calcium hydroxide, its hydroxyl ions probably come off in sequence, inhibiting one another somewhat from doing so apparently.
  • Oxalic acid is a solid, doesn't react with solid alcohols or gypsum, and remains as the anion to charged particles to the end or nearly the end of their meaningful existence as composite, like charged, mutually repelling structures.
  • the rapid dissolution of sulfuric acid can cause its disappearance before that of the composite particles which are intendedly spread whereas the particles' repulsion effect from oxalic acid persists longer, if not so long as lime.
  • the sulfuric acid although supplying a hydrogen ion for dispersion of the like charge particle really only ionizes one hydrogen ion, the second being about 100 times less ionizable, where oxalic acid as noted probably ionizes both simultaneously giving a doubly negatively charged particle and . hence more speedy spreading of the monolayer.
  • Organic, biodegradable oxalic acid is not nearly as hazardous to work with as is sulfuric acid, and this with all the foregoing reasons makes it a remarkably suitable powder constituent to provide the same kind of already previously disclosed water induced ionization powder particles to repel one another.
  • a dicarboxylic acid preferably oxalic acid
  • Oxalic acid is a good chelating agent and will chelate most doubly charged ions such as calcium.
  • none of the fertilizers mentioned above have doubly charged ions except calcum superphosphate. The solubility of this fertilizer is in the same range as that of gypsum and so it is to be expected that some of the superphospate will be associated in solution with a chelated calcium ion.
  • Oxalic acid the replacement ionic repulsion agent, does not itself melt at the processing temperatures of fatty alcohol melts for making the present end-product; however only a small amount is needed to procure the particles' repulsion effect. I do not suggest oxalic acid in the earlier taught large proportions of lime or gypsum.
  • a fine particulate bulking agent that stands up to the melt conditions like gypsum but not : necessarily as dense may be used as a composite particle's building component, units of which are cores or carriers to which are temporarily adheded filmforming and ionic repulsion inducing components.
  • the bulking agent which still could be ground gypsum although not with absorbed sulfuric acid, can be hollow glass microspheres, hollow atapulgite beads or a dozen other things, non-melting at the fatty alcohol melt temperature, not readily dissolvable in water, scaled to the particle size wanted, non-toxic if ingested by livestock, chemically unreactive with either the filmformer or transported cultivation/husbandry chemical, and preferably inexpensive. There exists a substantial repertoire of such materials today, with no problem of acquiring them.
  • the ultimate and preferred embodiment of the present invention resides in a three-component melt-process made composition, wherein the three components are: 1. the fatty alcohol filmforming constituent; 2. the dicarboxylic acid particles' repulsion agent; and, 3. one or more than one chemical for cultivaton/husbandry,
  • a fourth component in cases where the cultivation/husbandry chemical desired to be delivered in accordance with the method of the invention is a cultivation/husbandry chemical with same tendency to violate one of the principles "(1 a.)", “(1 b.)", or "(2)" just enunciated above, a fourth component should be selected with a view not solely to serve as a particles' building - i.e., "bulking agent” - but additionally, as mentioned somewhere in one of my provisional applications, selected for ability to render the to-be-delivered chemical entity substantially compatible (whereas it otherwise would not be) with the proposed melt-processing to be enacted in carrying out the invention, restricted to substantial compliance with the enunciated clear principles.
  • An I example is next supplied by reference to liquid pesticides.
  • liquid pesticides the same or analogous to those used in the plastics or other industries may be incorporated into powders embodying the present invention. Because a favored three-component powder requires a large proportion of unmelted solid phase material in the processing melt of fatty alcohol, such liquids cannot serve as the "bulking agent" which helps build composite powder particles out of the melt, recalling here the intention not to use so much oxalic acid (non-melting itself) that there would be enough of it to serve as the bulking agent.
  • the aforesaid suggestion of inert microspheres or the like to take over the bulking agent role should in this case be combined with the suggestion of incorporating liquid pesticides.
  • a resulting embodiment of the "non-preferred" (because more complex) nevertheless highly valuable "four-component” type results comprising: 1. the fatty alcohol evaporation retardant; 2. the d carboxylic acid, preferably oxalic acid, as the particles' repulsion effect agent; 3. an nert solid phase, non-melting-in-the-melt, particulate particles' building agent, e.g., m crospheres, if not ground gypsum; and , 4. a suitable liquid pesticide the end-use effectiveness of which must not be compromised by undergoing the melt-processing conditions.
  • Element "4.” is readily procured, as plastics preservatives from the same industry most involved in using microspheres, as well as usual pesticide sources.
  • This liquid, or any desired liquid can also be made to a powder separately with the bulking agent and the two powders mixed in the preferred ratio in the well-known powder blending operation shown in Chemical Engineering texts..
  • seaweed species may be cultivated in gravel or soil-like growth media underlying a body of water maintained in a pool substantially free of extensive underwater currents, and such plantings are desirably fertilized by an evenly distributed scattering of suitable chemical particles, without necessity of a hypothesized "lead-booted underwater farmer" walking along the bottom, if not riding some kind of submarine-tractor.
  • the instant invention can be used and it will at the same time provide an evaporation suppressing film at the water surface, so that replenishment of the liquid volume of the pool to replace evaporative water loss may be conducted at more widely spaced than usual intervals of time.
  • All that is needed for such an operation as fertilization of submerged planting is a preferred version of the end-product of the powder-forming process of the invention that contains: (1) a recognized fatty alcohol evaporation retardant; (2) oxalic acid to provide the mutual particles' repulsion effect; and (3) fertilizer particles that are sufficiently dense when stripped of temporarily adheded fatty alcohol and oxalic acid that they will not remain uselessly suspended by surface tension atop the. pool .
  • Component (3) as extensively explained above is here assumed capable of having survived the melt-processing conditions without harm to itself or anything else, or having been prepared as a separate powder for later mixing.
  • the film being formed reduces the surface tension of the water surface spread across, so that even if a denser-than-water small particle might other wise be supportable by normally occurring surface tension, the artificially induced reduction of surface tension in areas where the fatty alcohol film becomes established allows the sinking of so-stripped particles, at the same time not-yet-stripped counterparts (still combined in form of composite particles) continue in the scattering motion for a while, until ultimately all particle scattering upon the film-modified water surface must cease because everything else has dropped out and only the spread film-no longer particulate in character-is left on the surface.
  • a fertilizer must have minimum solubility. All of the inorganic fertilizers are at least slightly soluble and all have an affinity for water or will drop through the surface when the encapsulating film former is removed during spreading.
  • My previous disclosure in FILM-SPREADING POWDER FOR SUPPRESSING WATER EVAPORATION, United States Patent Number 6,303,133 Bl adequately described and explained how the fatty alcohol film spreads between water-alterable composite particles that start out as combined solid phase fatty alcohol and calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) but that undergo change as the combination is disassembled, so to speak, by its contact with water.
  • the mineral supplement need only be provided in a suitable form, inert in the melt process making the composite powder of the invention, and that will not be injured by the 50° -100° C heat of the melt process, or again it can be prepared as a separate powder with the bulking agent to be added in appropriate amounts to the main water evaporation retardant powder.
  • the mineral with or without the bulking agent as required, either natural or synthetic and finely particulate, combines in this case with a small amount of oxalic acid and an amount of fatty alcohol sufficient to simultaneously provide an evaporation suppressing cover of film on the drinking pond that is to be dosed with the livestock health-promoting mineral.
  • Routine art using such films calls for using an excess so that film self-repair is viable. It may also be noted that one does not in this case want the delivered husbandry particles to accumulate on the bottom of the pond. They should either float within reach of drinking animals to be ingested with water, or else dissolve so that all water ingested contains at least some of the supplement.
  • Plastics materials which contain anti-microbial agents and clearly such materials can be used to manufacture plastic synthetic turf formed with millions of erect ersatz "grass blades" per hectare. No single agent is effective against every i conceivable infective microbe of course, so a circumstance that can occur is an infection by microbes. requiring to be dealt with independently. Water containing a suitable disinfectant might be flooded over a germ-infested horizontal ground cover consisting of synthetic turf, but a lot of water would be unnecessarily wasted by such flooding, now that I have made the present invention. Instead of flooding, a light sprinkling or dusting j of the specially made powder is first applied, then a light watering to allow the spreading agent to make the anti-microbial agent to spread on the "grass" blades.
  • the disinfectant preferably in pre-powdered form, should be blended in a melt of long-chain fatty alcohol together with a minor proportion of oxalic acid, to make a
  • Powder applied spreads on the water droplets on the "leaves”.
  • Water actuates oxalic acid to perform its particles' repulsion function.
  • Fatty alcohol spreads its film with all that this entails, such as surface tension reduction.
  • the contained disinfective component delivered for service in this use-intention function, as in the others, will effectively be distributed across a surface of liquid water, though here probably curved.
  • the fatty alcohol constituent Shortly after contacting a drop and simultaneously with film-spreading, the fatty alcohol constituent causes its usual surface tension reduction effect, whence the drop will acquire an increased tendency to spread and to fall (by gravity) and its shape will be modified by the change in surface tension plus presence of particles. Consequently, a disinfectant component in the special powder will be more effectively spread down into creases between blades of plastic grass than if the same powdered disinfectant were distributed without fatty alcohol.
  • natural dewdrops resting well aboveground on natural vegetation can be caused to drop off and go down to soil, by judicious dusting with a fatty alcohol-containing composition, thereby not allowing the dewdrops to merely evaporate in position, but instead, after a fashion, promoting their collection by the soil.
  • the five fertilizers I know will combine inertly in a melt with oxalic acid, with gypsum as a bulking agent (no sulphuric acid), and commercial grade : hexadecanol-octadecanol fatty alcohol material, are ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, and potassium chloride.
  • a transported insect bait to kill pests eating it may be required to remain attached to vegetative leaf material above ground until eaten, a totally unlike circumstance to either causing dewdrops to fall to soil, or fertilizer particles to drop to the bottom of a pool.
  • a basic pair or alternative processing methods warranting description here consists of one method for batch-type powder manufacture and another for large-scale mass production.
  • the batch-making method is easily conducted by melting the fatty alcohol constituent, then stirring into the melt the other constituents.
  • the preferred large-scale method is to have all the starting materials initially in pre-powdered forms, including the fatty alcohol, and if a liquid chemical for cultivating/husbandry purposes in the end-use is desirably included then even that liquid should be pre-absorbed into a powered inert bulking agent constituent, so that all the starting materials are powders at the moment a massive hot air blowing operation is applied to mix them all together simultaneously as the fatty alcohol melts.
  • the hot air melt process is already common and is controllable so that melt temperatures need not be so extreme as above quoted, indeed a temperature of as little as 10 degrees Celsius above the melting point of approximately 55 degrees Celsius may be possible with subsequent saving of energy and heating and cooling times.
  • motionless mixers comparable to those used in blending resins in the plastics industry, and which are also comparable to sieving and attrition bars for sizing dry particulate matter, can be set up in the path of the stream of hot blown air carrying the pre-powdered starting materials.
  • a mid-air adhesion process joining the various constituents by virtue of the molten fatty alcohol will be highly effective, requiring minimal work to get the product finished enough to allow it to fall directly into sacks, drums, boxcars or the like, for shipment to anywhere it is needed.
  • the gist of the present invention reduces down to just substituting a dicarboxylic acid, preferably oxalic acid, in place of the sulfuric acid formerly disclosed for acidifying crushed gypsum combined with a fatty alcohol evaporation retardant.
  • a dicarboxylic acid preferably oxalic acid
  • the invention as claimed, however, is not properly reduced down to its gist, apparently, and so must not be defined except by the claims to follow, with due allowance for consulting the whole specification and for giving consideration to what equivalents the inventor means also to be reasonably covered.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition retardant l'évaporation mise au point de façon qu'elle soit largement appliquée à la co-distribution de substances chimiques non feuillogènes et de substances feuillogènes. Les substances non feuillogènes sont aussi bénéfiques pour la culture de plantes et/ou l'élevage d'animaux dans leurs propres utilisations que les substances feuillogènes à base d'alcools gras car elles permettent d'économiser l'eau. Un concept précédemment divulgué d'ionisation due à l'eau qui améliore l'épandage sous l'effet de la répulsion mutuelle de particules est réalisé à l'aide d'un acide dicarboxylique, de préférence de l'acide oxalique, sous la forme d'un agent de répulsion ionique. L'invention décrit le moyen d'éviter l'estérification entre l'alcool contenu et l'infiltration d'acides dans le sol, ce qui représente un problème connu qui limite l'utilité des compositions feuillogènes émulsifiées.
PCT/CA2003/000296 2003-03-04 2003-03-04 Poudre traitee par fusion contenant un agent de repulsion, composition retardant l'evaporation et des moyens destines a favoriser la culture de plantes et/ou l'elevage d'animaux Ceased WO2004078676A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003209873A AU2003209873A1 (en) 2003-03-04 2003-03-04 Melt-processed powder containing a repulsion agent, evaporation retardant, and means for benefit to plant cultivation and/or animal husbandry
PCT/CA2003/000296 WO2004078676A1 (fr) 2003-03-04 2003-03-04 Poudre traitee par fusion contenant un agent de repulsion, composition retardant l'evaporation et des moyens destines a favoriser la culture de plantes et/ou l'elevage d'animaux

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PCT/CA2003/000296 WO2004078676A1 (fr) 2003-03-04 2003-03-04 Poudre traitee par fusion contenant un agent de repulsion, composition retardant l'evaporation et des moyens destines a favoriser la culture de plantes et/ou l'elevage d'animaux

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3531239A (en) * 1968-10-02 1970-09-29 John J Rowlette Method and composition for retarding water evaporation
US5518517A (en) 1994-11-14 1996-05-21 The Lubrizol Corporation Water-in-oil emulsion fertilizer compositions
US20010022355A1 (en) 1998-11-17 2001-09-20 O'brien Robert Neville Composition for reducing evaporation at sites both on land and open water
US6303133B1 (en) 1998-11-17 2001-10-16 O'brien Robert Neville Film-spreading powder for suppressing water evaporation
WO2003031055A1 (fr) * 2001-10-12 2003-04-17 Robert Neville O'brien Composition sous forme de poudre diminuant la perte d'eau par evaporation

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3531239A (en) * 1968-10-02 1970-09-29 John J Rowlette Method and composition for retarding water evaporation
US5518517A (en) 1994-11-14 1996-05-21 The Lubrizol Corporation Water-in-oil emulsion fertilizer compositions
US20010022355A1 (en) 1998-11-17 2001-09-20 O'brien Robert Neville Composition for reducing evaporation at sites both on land and open water
US6303133B1 (en) 1998-11-17 2001-10-16 O'brien Robert Neville Film-spreading powder for suppressing water evaporation
WO2003031055A1 (fr) * 2001-10-12 2003-04-17 Robert Neville O'brien Composition sous forme de poudre diminuant la perte d'eau par evaporation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
R.N.SWINDLEHURST: "Molecular weights by infrared spectroscopy", CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, vol. 45, 1967, pages 2856 - 2857

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