WO2004070939A1 - 光励起表面プラズマを用いた周波数変換装置及び方法 - Google Patents
光励起表面プラズマを用いた周波数変換装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004070939A1 WO2004070939A1 PCT/JP2004/001327 JP2004001327W WO2004070939A1 WO 2004070939 A1 WO2004070939 A1 WO 2004070939A1 JP 2004001327 W JP2004001327 W JP 2004001327W WO 2004070939 A1 WO2004070939 A1 WO 2004070939A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- transmission line
- frequency transmission
- wave
- delay circuit
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
- H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B19/00—Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a frequency conversion apparatus and method using photo-excited surface plasma, which reflects an electromagnetic wave by free carriers (plasma) induced by an optical pulse moving at high speed on a semiconductor surface, and based on a phase change of the reflected electromagnetic wave.
- the present invention relates to a frequency conversion device and method for converting (multiplying) a frequency.
- the device uses a resonator that utilizes the electrical nonlinearity of semiconductor devices such as varactor diodes and various transistors.
- a method of delaying the integration has been used (see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Non-Patent Document 3 describes a theoretical analysis of reflected and transmitted waves when a boundary surface of a stationary plasma moves at high speed.
- Non-Patent Document 4 describes a theoretical analysis of reflected and transmitted waves when only a stationary dielectric interface moves at high speed.
- Non-Patent Document 5 describes that an equivalent moving boundary surface is generated by loading a variable capacitance diode on a coaxial cable and running a voltage pulse, measuring the change in the transmission frequency of the incident wave, and measuring the frequency due to the Doppler effect. It describes the Doppler frequency transition of an electromagnetic field that moves at a high speed so that a change occurs.
- Non-Patent Document 6 describes that in a line loaded with a capacitor charged at high voltage, laser light is used as a trigger to discharge and generate an equivalent plasma boundary, and the electromagnetic wave generated at that time is in the microwave band. Are described.
- Non-patent document 1 describes a theoretical analysis of reflected and transmitted waves when a boundary surface of a stationary plasma moves at high speed.
- the conversion efficiency of the conventional doubler is about 20% or less even at the second harmonic, and the output is 10 mW or less at present.
- the present invention does not use, for example, a solid-state element having a non-linear characteristic such as a varactor, and does not require a complicated resonator structure such as an impedance matching resonator. It is another object of the present invention to provide a frequency conversion device and method capable of operating in a wide frequency range from microwaves or millimeter waves to terahertz waves using the Doppler effect on a high-frequency transmission line. Another object of the present invention is to make it possible to easily adjust the frequency conversion rate (frequency ⁇ multiplication factor) by changing the propagation speed of light and input / output waves by adjusting the structures of the optical delay circuit and the high-frequency transmission line. And
- an object of the present invention is to achieve the following objects.
- High output power exceeding 1 W can be achieved even in the high frequency range of short millimeter wave to submillimeter wave band. This is because the maximum allowable operating power of the present invention is not determined by the low allowable input power of the solid-state device but by the high discharge breakdown voltage of the high-frequency transmission line. As a result, an input wave having a large power can be used.
- a high-frequency transmission line formed on the substrate and having first and second sides;
- An optical delay circuit for giving a propagation time difference to the laser light and irradiating the substrate with the laser light
- One laser beam is incident on the optical delay circuit, and the optical delay circuit causes a propagation time difference in accordance with the position of the high-frequency transmission line in the line direction, so that the laser beam reaches the high-frequency transmission line;
- the laser light optically induces surface plasma on the substrate via the optical delay circuit to short-circuit the high-frequency transmission line, and the input wave reflected on the second side of the high-frequency transmission line is converted by the surface plasma. Further reflection occurs, and the reflection point moves to the second side of the high-frequency transmission line, thereby performing frequency conversion of the input wave based on the principle of the Doppler effect, and outputting the frequency-converted output wave to the second side of the high-frequency transmission line. And a frequency converter using photo-excited surface plasma, which is output from the side.
- a high-frequency transmission line formed on the substrate and having first and second sides;
- An optical delay circuit for giving a propagation time difference to the laser light and irradiating the substrate with the laser light
- Laser light is incident on the optical delay circuit, and the optical delay circuit causes a propagation time difference in accordance with the position of the high-frequency transmission line in the line direction, and the laser light is transmitted to the high-frequency transmission line.
- the laser light optically induces surface plasma on the substrate via the optical delay circuit to short-circuit the high-frequency transmission line and reflect an input wave by the surface plasma, and the reflection point is the second point of the high-frequency transmission line.
- the frequency of the input wave is converted based on the principle of the Doppler effect.
- a frequency conversion device using a photoexcited surface plasma which outputs a frequency-converted output wave from a second side of the high-frequency transmission line.
- An input wave is input from a first side of a high-frequency transmission line formed on a substrate and reflected on a second side,
- the laser light is incident on the optical delay circuit, and the optical delay circuit causes a propagation time difference according to the position of the high-frequency transmission line in the direction of the line so that the laser light reaches the high-frequency transmission line.
- Laser light short-circuits the high-frequency transmission line by optically inducing surface plasma on the substrate via the optical delay circuit, and the input wave reflected on the second side of the high-frequency transmission line is further reflected by the surface plasma, When this reflection point moves to the second side of the high-frequency transmission line, the frequency of the input wave is converted based on the principle of the Doppler effect.
- a frequency conversion method using a photo-excited surface plasma which outputs a frequency-converted output wave from a second side of a high-frequency transmission line.
- An input wave is input from the second side of the high-frequency transmission line formed on the substrate,
- the laser light is incident on the optical delay circuit, and the optical delay circuit causes a propagation time difference according to the position of the high-frequency transmission line in the direction of the line so that the laser light reaches the high-frequency transmission line.
- Laser light optically induces surface plasma on the substrate via an optical delay circuit to short-circuit the high-frequency transmission line, and the input wave is reflected by the surface plasma.
- the frequency of the input wave is converted based on the principle of the Doppler effect,
- a frequency conversion method using a photo-excited surface plasma which outputs a frequency-converted output wave from a second side of a high-frequency transmission line.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a first embodiment of a frequency converter using photoexcited surface plasma.
- FIG. 2 is a principle diagram of a frequency conversion method using photo-excited surface plasma.
- FIG. 3 is a timing chart when the input is a pulse wave.
- FIG. 4 is a timing chart when the input is a continuous wave.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a second embodiment of the frequency conversion device using the photo-excited surface plasma.
- FIG. 6 is a principle diagram of a frequency conversion method using photo-excited surface plasma according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a third embodiment of a frequency converter using photoexcited surface plasma.
- Figure 8 shows the input wave velocity v. This figure shows how the light is reflected at the plasma boundary moving at pt .
- Figure 9 shows the output frequency f.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating calculation results of ut and power reflectance R.
- Configuration Figure 1 shows the configuration of the first embodiment of the frequency converter using photo-excited surface plasma. The figure is shown.
- the frequency converter includes an input unit 1, a high-frequency transmission line 2, a substrate 3, a laser-light source 4, an optical delay circuit 5, and an output unit 6.
- the input unit 1 inputs an input wave to the high-frequency transmission line 2.
- the input unit 1 has a frequency discriminating circuit such as a circulator.
- the high-frequency transmission line 2 is formed on the substrate 3 and transmits an input wave and an output wave.
- the high-frequency transmission line 2 has, for example, a coplanar line / slot line, a waveguide circuit, and the like.
- the high-frequency transmission line 2 can be formed by depositing at least two lines on the substrate 3.
- the substrate 3 for example, a semiconductor substrate of silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium or the like, or a semiconductor substrate having a high insulating property may be used.
- a silicon semiconductor substrate is used as the substrate 3, and a coplanar strip line having relatively flat frequency characteristics is used as the high-frequency transmission line 2.
- the high-frequency transmission line 2 eg, a strip line
- the output portion 6 eg, a waveguide
- the laser light source 4 an appropriate laser such as a Ti: Saphire laser is used.
- the output unit 6 has, as an input / output demultiplexing circuit (frequency discrimination type branch circuit), for example, one filter circuit such as a waveguide.
- the output section 6 has a cut-off frequency f cut of this waveguide. By setting ff higher than the maximum frequency of the input wave, the input wave can be totally reflected and only the output wave can be extracted.
- the optical delay circuit 5 can be designed according to the required frequency conversion rate (frequency multiplication factor) G.
- the frequency conversion rate G will be described later.
- a flat portion longer than the wavelength of the light is provided on the incident surface. Since the wavelength of the light is sufficiently shorter than the wavelength of the incident wave and the reflected wave, discontinuity of the light wavefront can be ignored.
- each part is not limited to the above, and various other circuit configurations are possible.
- Fig. 2 shows the principle of the frequency conversion method using photo-excited surface plasma.
- This circuit includes a high-frequency transmission line 2 and an optical waveguide 21.
- the length of the optical waveguide 21 on the transmission line that is, the length (interaction length) of generating the photoexcited plasma is L int
- the length up to the filter is L t
- v. pt is the excitation rate of the plasma.
- the input wave propagation velocity v in is always v. It shall be larger than pt .
- an input wave is input from the left side by an input unit 1 and is reflected at an end of a waveguide unit of an output unit 6 or an end of a coplanar strip line of a high-frequency transmission line 2.
- the laser beam propagating through the optical waveguide 21 induces electron-hole plasma on the surface of the semiconductor substrate, thereby short-circuiting the high-frequency transmission line 2 and causing an input.
- Reflects waves microwaves or millimeter waves. This reflection point moves at high speed together with the laser light, and performs frequency conversion (up-conversion) based on the same principle as the Doppler effect.
- the output unit 6 outputs the reflected output wave.
- the frequency conversion rate G in the present embodiment is the moving speed of the photoexcited plasma, Lus delay speed v. pt and the speed at which the input and output waves propagate through the high-frequency transmission line 2, v in and v. ut is determined by the following equation.
- the theoretical energy conversion efficiency is 1 ZG based on the operating principle.
- FIG. 3 shows a timing chart when the input is a pulse wave.
- Input pulses of the input pulse width t in is input from the left side of the high-frequency transmission line 2.
- the input pulse propagates through the high-frequency transmission line 2 from the right side at a transmission speed v in , is reflected at the output unit 6, and travels through the high-frequency transmission line 2 toward the left side at a transmission speed v in .
- the output pulse can be obtained repeatedly.
- the period of the input pulse and one laser pulse is t peri . d > t a + t b + t. ut satisfies the condition that this cycle t pe .
- An output pulse is output at d .
- semiconductor The relaxation time of the photoexcited carriers in the inside is ignored. Strictly, this relaxation time can be added to the above cycle.
- FIG. 4 shows a timing chart when the input is a continuous wave.
- the input wave propagates through the high-frequency transmission line 2 from the left to the right at a transmission speed v in , is reflected by the output unit 6, and travels through the high-frequency transmission line 2 to the left at a transmission speed v in .
- a laser pulse is incident on the optical waveguide 21 by the laser light source 4 at an arbitrary time, plasma is generated on the high-frequency transmission line 2 and this plasma reflects an input wave.
- the reflected output wave has a transmission speed v.
- the period of the laser pulse is t peri . d > t b + t. ut satisfies the condition that this cycle t peH .
- An output wave is output at d .
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration diagram of a second embodiment of the frequency converter using the photo-excited surface plasma.
- This embodiment shows an example in which the feeding point of the input wave by the input unit 1 is on the output filter side of the output unit 6.
- the other components are the same as those in the first embodiment. .
- This frequency converter includes an input unit 1, a high-frequency transmission line 2, a substrate 3, a laser light source 4, an optical delay circuit 5, and an output unit 6.
- the simplest and general coaxial line is used to supply the input wave to the input unit 1, but other than the above, a microstrip line or a waveguide is used. Is also possible.
- the configuration for supplying the input wave has many combinations considering the power supply position and shape. Can be. This configuration is selected according to the frequency used and its range, and the intended use of the output.
- An input wave provided from the input unit 1 is fed to a coplanar strip line of the high-frequency transmission line 2 by a coaxial line.
- This input wave is totally reflected (or almost totally reflected) at a part of the filter of the output unit 6 (waveguide type high-pass filter 1) or at the end of the coplanar strip line of the high-frequency transmission line 2, Propagated to the slow wave circuit 5 side.
- the distance (feed point position) between the output filter of the output unit 6 and the coaxial line of the input unit 1 is adjusted so as to maximize this propagation power.
- the connection line between the coaxial line and the coplanar strip line is the output frequency f. Utilizing that ut is higher than the input frequency f in , the output frequency f. Adjust the length of ut so that it has a sufficiently large impedance. In this way, it is possible to prevent the output power from flowing to the input coaxial line side of the input unit 1 and to transmit most of the output power to the output filter side of the output unit 6.
- the distance from the output filter of the output unit 6 to the power supply position of the input wave of the input unit 1 is adjusted to the input frequency f in. Need to adjust. For this reason, a circuit whose position is fixed may have a limited operating frequency range.
- the first embodiment where the power supply position is on the left side
- there is no such restriction so that a wider band operation is possible.
- FIG. 6 shows a principle diagram of the frequency conversion method using the photo-excited surface plasma in the second embodiment.
- the input wave in FIG. 2 is incident from the right side of the high-frequency transmission line 2, and the same applies to the high-frequency transmission line 2 and the optical waveguide 21.
- the input wave is input from the input unit 1 from the right side of the high-frequency transmission line 2.
- the laser light propagating in the optical waveguide 21 induces electron-hole plasma on the surface of the semiconductor substrate, thereby short-circuiting the high-frequency transmission line 2 and causing the input wave ( Microwave or (Millimeter waves).
- frequency conversion up-conversion
- the output unit 6 outputs the reflected output wave.
- the frequency discriminating demultiplexing circuit (frequency filter 1) of the output unit 6 for example, a circuit that separates paths by simply using a frequency difference between input and output can be used instead of a resonator structure.
- the frequency conversion rate G is the same as that described in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 shows a configuration diagram of a third embodiment of a frequency converter using photoexcited surface plasma.
- an optical fiber is used for the optical delay circuit 5.
- This frequency converter includes an input unit 1, a high-frequency transmission line 2, a substrate 3, a laser light source 4, an optical delay circuit 50, and an output unit 6.
- the configuration other than the optical delay circuit 50 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- an optical fiber is installed as an optical delay circuit 50 between the lines of the coplanar strip, and the interval between the centers of the cross sections of adjacent optical fibers is arranged by d. I have. Note that there is no need to provide an interval between adjacent optical fibers.
- the time delay between one adjacent optical fiber and t delay the time delay of the n-th optical fiber one becomes nxt d elay.
- the optical delay circuit 50 can be designed to be relatively small and flexible.
- the frequency f of the output wave. ut includes, in addition to a frequency component that is a simple frequency conversion rate G times the frequency f in of the input wave, a harmonic component resulting from a discontinuity in the waveform.
- the distance d between the adjacent optical fibers is set to be equal to or less than 1 to 4 of the distance corresponding to one wavelength of the input wave in the high-frequency transmission line 2, the component can be greatly reduced. .
- a circuit can be appropriately configured such that the input unit 1 is arranged on the right side of the high-frequency transmission line 2.
- the operation is the same as that of the first embodiment when the arrangement of the input unit 1 is on the left side of the high-frequency transmission line 2, and is the same as that of the second embodiment when it is on the right side of the high-frequency transmission line 2. It is.
- Figure 8 shows that the input wave has velocity v.
- the figure which shows a mode that is reflected at the plasma boundary which moves by pt is shown.
- Equation (2) expresses the frequency conversion equation based on the Doppler effect in a more generalized manner, and the derivation of the equation itself is exactly the same as the normal one.
- the input wave has a velocity v. It is reflected at the plasma boundary moving at pt .
- the phase change at the boundary between the input wave and the output wave must be the same (GS Tsai and BA Auld, "Wave Interaction with Moving Boundaries, J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 2106-21 15, 1967.).
- Example Figure 9 shows the output frequency f. The figure showing the calculation result about ut and power reflectance R is shown.
- Parameter is a plasma (carrier) density n P of the silicon plate during induced by laser first light. The calculation conditions are as follows.
- the photoexcited plasma itself is stationary and only the boundary surface moves.
- the amplitude of the reflected wave does not increase. Therefore, under ideal conditions, the power conversion efficiency ⁇ ⁇ is 1 and the energy conversion efficiency is 1 due to the pulse width compression effect of the reflected wave. Also, the decrease in energy conversion efficiency during frequency conversion does not depend on the operating frequency itself.
- the present invention there is no need to use a solid-state element having nonlinear characteristics, such as a lacquer, unlike a conventional device, and no need for a complicated resonator structure such as an impedance matching resonator. It is possible to provide a frequency conversion device and method capable of operating in a wide frequency range from microwaves or millimeter waves to terahertz waves using the Doppler effect on a high-frequency transmission line. Further, according to the present invention, the frequency conversion (frequency multiplication factor) can be easily adjusted by adjusting the structures of the optical delay circuit and the high-frequency transmission line to change the propagation speed of light and input / output waves. .
- High output power exceeding 1 W can be achieved even in the high frequency range of short millimeter wave to submillimeter wave band. This is because the maximum permissible input power of the solid-state device of the present invention is low. This is because it is determined by the high discharge breakdown voltage of the high-frequency transmission line. As a result, an input wave having a large power can be used.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/544,847 US7236293B2 (en) | 2003-02-10 | 2004-02-09 | Frequency converter using optical excitation surface plasma and its method |
| EP04709336A EP1603229A4 (en) | 2003-02-10 | 2004-02-09 | FREQUENCY CONVERTER WITH AN OPTICAL EXCITING SURFACE PLASMA AND METHOD THEREFOR |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003032779A JP4077331B2 (ja) | 2003-02-10 | 2003-02-10 | 光励起表面プラズマを用いた周波数変換装置及び方法 |
| JP2003-32779 | 2003-02-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004070939A1 true WO2004070939A1 (ja) | 2004-08-19 |
Family
ID=32844348
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/001327 Ceased WO2004070939A1 (ja) | 2003-02-10 | 2004-02-09 | 光励起表面プラズマを用いた周波数変換装置及び方法 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7236293B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1603229A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4077331B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100635562B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1748361A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004070939A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3913253B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-30 | 2007-05-09 | キヤノン株式会社 | 光半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
| JP5271580B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-25 | 2013-08-21 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 高周波数帯雑音発生装置 |
| WO2015058070A1 (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-23 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | Ultra fast semiconductor laser |
| CN116997067B (zh) * | 2023-09-26 | 2024-01-05 | 中国科学技术大学 | 等离子体相位分布的测量方法、测量装置 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03186822A (ja) * | 1989-12-15 | 1991-08-14 | Sharp Corp | 波長変換素子 |
| JPH10206918A (ja) * | 1997-01-24 | 1998-08-07 | Nec Corp | 波長変換素子 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3261982A (en) * | 1962-07-27 | 1966-07-19 | Philco Corp | Frequency shifter using doppler reflection of microwaves from moving plasma boundaryin semiconductor |
| US3590267A (en) * | 1969-02-17 | 1971-06-29 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Coherent optical oscillator employing tunable mixed excitations |
| US5323024A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1994-06-21 | Adams Jeff C | Relativistic semiconductor plasma wave frequency up-converter |
-
2003
- 2003-02-10 JP JP2003032779A patent/JP4077331B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-02-09 EP EP04709336A patent/EP1603229A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-02-09 US US10/544,847 patent/US7236293B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-09 CN CNA2004800038323A patent/CN1748361A/zh active Pending
- 2004-02-09 KR KR1020057014495A patent/KR100635562B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-09 WO PCT/JP2004/001327 patent/WO2004070939A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03186822A (ja) * | 1989-12-15 | 1991-08-14 | Sharp Corp | 波長変換素子 |
| JPH10206918A (ja) * | 1997-01-24 | 1998-08-07 | Nec Corp | 波長変換素子 |
Non-Patent Citations (8)
| Title |
|---|
| HASHIMSHONY D. AND ZIGLER A.: "Conversion of electrostatic to electromagnetic waves by super-luminouse ionization fronts", PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 86, no. 13, 26 March 2001 (2001-03-26), pages 2806 - 2809, XP002904059 * |
| ITO HIROSHI, SODA KIYOSHI: "Kosoku ido kyokai ni yoru denjiha no doppler shuhasu sen'i", OYO BUTSURI, vol. 48, no. 7, 10 July 1979 (1979-07-10), pages 616 - 622, XP002904060 * |
| JONGSUCK BAE, MIZUNO KOJI: "Hikari reiki handotai plasma o mochiita doppler shift-gata shuhasu hensu", THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERS GIJUTSU KENKYU HOKOKU, vol. 103, no. 234, 24 July 2003 (2003-07-24), pages 1 - 6, XP002904054 * |
| JONGSUCK BAE, MIZUNO KOJI: "Hikari reiki handotai plasma o mochiita shuhasu up converter", 2003 NEN THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERS, SOGO TAIKAI KOEN RONBUNSHU ELECTRONICS 1, 3 March 2003 (2003-03-03), pages 344, XP002904055 * |
| LAMPE M. ET AL.: "Submillimeter-wave production by upshifted reflection from a moving ionization front", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, vol. MTT-25, no. 6, June 1977 (1977-06-01), pages 556 - 558, XP002904056 * |
| LAMPE MARTIN AND OTT EDWARD: "Interaction of electromagnetic waves with a moving ionization front", THE PHYSICS OF FLUIDS, vol. 21, no. 1, January 1978 (1978-01-01), pages 42 - 54, XP002904057 * |
| SCHERBATKO IGOR: "Double-doppler wavelength conversion of infrared optical pulses by moving grating of reactive index in semiconductors", OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, vol. 31, no. 9/10, October 1999 (1999-10-01), pages 965 - 979, XP002904061 * |
| YUGAMI NOBORU ET AL.: "Experimental observation of short-pulse upshifted frequency microwaves from a laser-created overdense plasma", PHYSICAL REVIEW E PART 2B, vol. 65, no. 3, March 2002 (2002-03-01), pages 036505-1 - 036505-5, XP002904058 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2004266355A (ja) | 2004-09-24 |
| EP1603229A4 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
| US7236293B2 (en) | 2007-06-26 |
| JP4077331B2 (ja) | 2008-04-16 |
| US20060161608A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
| KR20050107413A (ko) | 2005-11-11 |
| KR100635562B1 (ko) | 2006-10-18 |
| EP1603229A1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
| CN1748361A (zh) | 2006-03-15 |
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