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WO2004070345A2 - Procede pour determiner l'age d'une personne au moment de son deces - Google Patents

Procede pour determiner l'age d'une personne au moment de son deces Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004070345A2
WO2004070345A2 PCT/GB2004/000125 GB2004000125W WO2004070345A2 WO 2004070345 A2 WO2004070345 A2 WO 2004070345A2 GB 2004000125 W GB2004000125 W GB 2004000125W WO 2004070345 A2 WO2004070345 A2 WO 2004070345A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
age
bone
weight
air
fraction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2004/000125
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2004070345A3 (fr
Inventor
Peter Zioupos
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cranfield University
Original Assignee
Cranfield University
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cranfield University filed Critical Cranfield University
Publication of WO2004070345A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004070345A2/fr
Publication of WO2004070345A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004070345A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6887—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids from muscle, cartilage or connective tissue
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
    • G01N33/5091—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing the pathological state of an organism
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/84—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving inorganic compounds or pH
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
    • G01N33/4833—Physical analysis of biological material of solid biological material, e.g. tissue samples, cell cultures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and means for determining the age of an individual at death.
  • a human has about 405 bones, over twice of that of the human adult who has 206 bones.
  • the reduction during ontogenetic development occurs as a result of multiple bones fusing to produce a single bone by a process known as epiphyseal union.
  • the fusion of bone epiphyses to metaphyses occurs at regular intervals and is therefore a useful indicator when quantifying the age of a skeletally immature individual at death.
  • Several bones can be examined, for example the iliac crest or the ileum bone of the os coax, the medial epiphyses of the clavicle, the tibia and the femur.
  • Bone is made up of two components, firstly an Organic Matrix that comprises type I collagen fibrils (90% of the whole matrix) and non-collagenous components such as proteins, proteoglycans, phospholipids, glycoproteins and phosphoproteins (the remaining 10% of the matrix).
  • the second component is known as the mineral substance, calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite.
  • the collagen fibrils are the result of the assemblage of filamentous molecules. Bundles of microfibrils then form larger fibrils that, in turn, form larger fibres. Thus there is an orderly packing of collagen within bone structure.
  • the non- collagenous component seems to play an important role in the degree of calcification of the bone.
  • Figure 1 there is shown a cross section of bone under an electron microscope.
  • the structure essentially, comprises area of primary bone (I) and areas of secondary osteons (O).
  • the primary bone (I) represents older tissue
  • long bones i.e. long tubular segments of bone such as those found in the limbs, ribs and clavicles, and in particular bone from the femur.
  • bones include short bones, i.e. those short irregular prismatic structures such as those found in the vertebrae, sternum, carpus and tarsus or flat bones, i.e. the bilaminar plates found in the skull, scapula and pelvis.
  • osteons are orientated parallel to the axis of the bone, with an inclination of about 5 to 15°. They comprise harvesian canals which generally contain blood vessels, nerve fibres and a variety of other cell types.
  • Primary osteons are formed early in life and their number diminishes with increasing age. Secondary osteons form throughout life, increasing more with aging, and in bone physiology play a crucial role because they repair in-vivo cracks and allow for internal remodelling of the bone structure. Primary osteons tend to be on average well mineralised. Secondary osteons start with low mineral content and gradually mineralise more and more but not to the level of primary osteons because they are produced much later in life.
  • Woven bone which can be formed rapidly in a disorganised manner, like in the callous formation when bone breaks. Its collagen fibres and mineral crystallites are randomly orientated in space. Woven bone has an intermediate level of mineralisation, but with more and more time in the body it mineralises considerably.
  • Lamellar bone which is formed in a circumferential manner around the cortex of bones earlier in life. It is densely mineralised and it becomes more so with time in the body.
  • a method for determining the "age at death" of an individual which method comprises obtaining a sample of bone from said individual and determining a plurality of properties thereof, then using these properties to determine said "age at death”.
  • said properties comprise at least two of the following properties: relative content of calcium to phosphorous; hardness; density; porosity; weight fraction measurements or degradation parameters (from Differential Scanning Calorimetry).
  • the invention involves the measurement of at least one or more of the following parameters: Apparent density; Real density;
  • Water Fraction (wet weight in air - dry mineralised weight in air) / wet weight in air.
  • Organic fraction dry demineralised weight / wet weight in air.
  • Age -192 + 150 (Ap.D./R.D.)+2.92(10gf in Osteon)-0.281 (Delta H Demin.)
  • Age -264-2481 (Water Fraction) + 6.8(1 Ogf in Osteon)-6.76(1 Ogf in Matrix)
  • the dry mineralised weight (in grams) of the samples were also measured in air, at ambient room temperature and humidity, after the samples have been left to dry for 5 days and 7 days, at +39°C in the hotbox oven. Great care was undertaken to eliminate the factor of humidity from the measuring process.
  • Hardness of a solid material is defined as the resistance it exhibits towards penetration by another solid.
  • Microhardness testing is accomplished by indenting the material under investigation with a specially designed microscope mounted with a very small indenter.
  • the type of the indenter used was a VickersTM. This is a pyramidal diamond indenter with an apical angle of 136°.
  • INDENTEC HWDM-7 Vickers microhardness number (HV) is given by the following equation:
  • DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
  • Temperature/Heat Flow spectra were obtained by a PERKIN ELMER PYRIS 1 , DISC unit. An identical methodology was used to examine the previously demineralised samples, although the aluminium crucibles used were from the METLER HANDLING SET ME-119091 , and the DSC unit used was METLER M3 DISC UNIT. In both the mineralised and demineralised samples, the values of Peak temperature of collagen degradation and the total energy needed were measure. The samples were heated from 30°C up to 300°C at a heating rate of 5.00°C per min. The extrapolation of the data was performed automatically from the software used by both DSC units. An explanation of the extrapolation process is shown below in Figure 4.
  • the accelerating voltage used was 10.00keV, with a takeoff angle of 40°, for the period of 200 seconds, in each location measured.
  • the ratio values were calculated automatically from the spectra produced, by the PGT software used by the detector. Again, it is to be noted that, as per the formula above, it is sufficient to measure the Calcium to Phosphorous ratio for Matrix tissue.
  • the actual age of the individual at the time of death against the predicted values of age at the time of death can be determined by using Formula 4.
  • Formula 4 suggests that the combined knowledge and usage of parameters, such as hardness of bone measured in the osteons and in the matrix and the Delta H energy of the demineralised samples of bones can make possible accurate predictions of age in mature adult bone.
  • Age - 23.6 + 2.36(1 Ogf in Osteon) - 27.8(Ca/P% in Matrix) + UA (Organic Fraction.)

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un système pour déterminer l'âge d'une personne au moment de son décès et ce, uniquement au moyen d'un échantillon d'os provenant de cette même personne. Ce procédé consiste à déterminer plusieurs propriétés de l'os, puis à utiliser ces propriétés afin de déterminer l'âge au moment du décès.
PCT/GB2004/000125 2003-02-07 2004-01-15 Procede pour determiner l'age d'une personne au moment de son deces Ceased WO2004070345A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0302825A GB0302825D0 (en) 2003-02-07 2003-02-07 Age determination of death
GB0302825.5 2003-02-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004070345A2 true WO2004070345A2 (fr) 2004-08-19
WO2004070345A3 WO2004070345A3 (fr) 2004-11-04

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PCT/GB2004/000125 Ceased WO2004070345A2 (fr) 2003-02-07 2004-01-15 Procede pour determiner l'age d'une personne au moment de son deces

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GB (1) GB0302825D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004070345A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2674768C1 (ru) * 2017-06-30 2018-12-13 федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет) Способ определения биологического возраста трупа
CN116580153A (zh) * 2023-05-12 2023-08-11 北京铁路公安局石家庄公安处 一种中国人群男性个体60岁年龄点的判断方法
US12330211B2 (en) 2018-06-20 2025-06-17 Relativity Space, Inc. Multi-diameter wire feeder

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2202280C1 (ru) * 2001-08-07 2003-04-20 Российский центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы МЗ РФ Способ определения возраста человека по морфометрическим параметрам гистологических препаратов костной ткани

Non-Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Section PQ, Week 200337 Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class P31, AN 2003-390614 XP002293363 & RU 2 202 280 C1 (RUSSIAN MED EXPERTISE CENTRE) 20 April 2003 (2003-04-20) *
HOLDEN J L ET AL: "Scanning electron microscope observations of heat-treated human bone" 1995, FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, VOL. 74, NR. 1-2, PAGE(S) 29-45 , XP002293360 ISSN: 0379-0738 abstract *
KARASIK D ET AL: "Skeletal age assessment of fossil hominids" July 1998 (1998-07), JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE, VOL. 25, NR. 7, PAGE(S) 689-696 , XP002293358 ISSN: 0305-4403 abstract; table 1 *
LYNNERUP NIELS ET AL: "Intra- and inter-observer variation in histological criteria used in age at death determination based on femoral cortical bone" 16 February 1998 (1998-02-16), FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, VOL. 91, NR. 3, PAGE(S) 219-230 , XP002293357 ISSN: 0379-0738 abstract; tables 1,2 *
RHO J Y ET AL: "Microstructural elasticity and regional heterogeneity in human femoral bone of various ages examined by nano-indentation" February 2002 (2002-02), JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, VOL. 35, NR. 2, PAGE(S) 189-198 , XP002293356 ISSN: 0021-9290 the whole document *
RITZ S ET AL: "Identification of osteocalcin as a permanent aging constituent of the bone matrix: Basis for an accurate age at death determination" 1996, FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, VOL. 77, NR. 1-2, PAGE(S) 13-26 , XP002293361 ISSN: 0379-0738 abstract *
THOMAS C D L ET AL: "Determination of age at death using combined morphology and histology of the femur" April 2000 (2000-04), JOURNAL OF ANATOMY, VOL. 196, NR. 3, PAGE(S) 463-471 , XP002293359 ISSN: 0021-8782 abstract *
ZIOUPOS P: "Accumulation of in-vivo fatigue microdamage and its relation to biomechanical properties in ageing human cortical bone" February 2001 (2001-02), JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY (OXFORD), VOL. 201, NR. 2, PAGE(S) 270-278 , XP002293362 ISSN: 0022-2720 abstract *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2674768C1 (ru) * 2017-06-30 2018-12-13 федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет) Способ определения биологического возраста трупа
US12330211B2 (en) 2018-06-20 2025-06-17 Relativity Space, Inc. Multi-diameter wire feeder
CN116580153A (zh) * 2023-05-12 2023-08-11 北京铁路公安局石家庄公安处 一种中国人群男性个体60岁年龄点的判断方法
CN116580153B (zh) * 2023-05-12 2023-10-27 北京铁路公安局石家庄公安处 一种中国人群男性个体60岁年龄点的判断方法

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Publication number Publication date
GB0302825D0 (en) 2003-03-12
WO2004070345A3 (fr) 2004-11-04

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