WO2004063642A1 - 冷凍装置 - Google Patents
冷凍装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004063642A1 WO2004063642A1 PCT/JP2003/016843 JP0316843W WO2004063642A1 WO 2004063642 A1 WO2004063642 A1 WO 2004063642A1 JP 0316843 W JP0316843 W JP 0316843W WO 2004063642 A1 WO2004063642 A1 WO 2004063642A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- compressor
- expander
- pressure
- refrigeration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
- F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
- F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/18—Optimization, e.g. high integration of refrigeration components
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2501—Bypass valves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigeration apparatus for performing a refrigeration cycle, and more particularly, to a refrigeration apparatus including an expander that generates power by expansion of a refrigerant. Height
- a refrigeration apparatus that performs a refrigeration cycle by circulating a refrigerant in a refrigerant circuit that is a closed circuit has been known, and is widely used as an air conditioner or the like.
- this type of refrigeration apparatus for example, one disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-10781 discloses a refrigeration cycle in which the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle is set higher than the critical pressure of the refrigerant. ing.
- This refrigerating apparatus includes an expander including a scroll-type fluid machine as a refrigerant expansion mechanism. The expander and the compressor are connected by a shaft, and the power obtained by the expander is used to drive the compressor, thereby improving COP (coefficient of performance).
- the mass flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the expander is always equal to the mass flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the compressor. This is because the refrigerant circuit is a closed circuit.
- the density of the refrigerant at the inlet of the expander or compressor changes depending on the operating conditions of the refrigeration system.
- the expander and the compressor are connected to each other, and the ratio of the displacement of the expander to the compressor cannot be changed. Therefore, there is a problem that if the operating conditions change, the operation of the refrigeration system cannot be stably continued.
- Non-Patent Document 1 when the bypass pipe of the expander and the expansion valve upstream of the expander are provided in the refrigerant circuit in Non-Patent Document 1, it is possible to stably perform the refrigeration cycle under all conditions. Although it is obtained in the expander Force will decrease, the coefficient of performance of the refrigeration apparatus (COP) is lowered.
- COP coefficient of performance of the refrigeration apparatus
- the figure shows the relationship between the refrigerant evaporation temperature and COP when the temperature and pressure of the high-pressure refrigerant at the radiator outlet are kept constant. Also, assuming that all of the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the radiator flows into the expander as it is, the power obtained by the expander at that time becomes the maximum, and the C0P of the refrigeration system becomes the maximum. . In the figure, the relationship between the C 0 P of the refrigeration system and the refrigerant evaporation temperature under the assumed ideal state is indicated by a two-dot line.
- the displacement volumes of the expander and the compressor were set based on the operating conditions of the refrigerant evaporation temperature of 0 ° C.
- the refrigerant evaporation temperature is o ° C.
- the refrigerant evaporation temperature is higher than o ° c
- the low pressure of the refrigeration cycle increases, and the density of the refrigerant at the inlet of the compressor increases.
- the displacement of the expander is too small as compared with the compressor, and it is necessary to make a part of the refrigerant discharged from the radiator flow into the bypass pipe. Therefore, the power obtained by the expander decreases, As shown by the solid line in Fig. 6, the COP of the refrigerator decreases compared to the value in the ideal state.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to make it possible to operate a refrigeration system under any operating conditions and to improve the COP of the refrigeration system. Disclosure of the invention
- the first invention is directed to a refrigeration apparatus that performs a refrigeration cycle by circulating a refrigerant in a refrigerant circuit (10).
- An expander (23) provided in the refrigerant circuit (10) for generating power by expansion of the high-pressure refrigerant; a first electric motor (31) and an expander provided in the refrigerant circuit (10);
- a first compressor (21) that is connected to the first electric motor (31) and the power generated by the expander (23) and compresses the refrigerant;
- the first compressor (21) is provided in parallel with the second electric motor (32) and is connected to the second electric motor (32), and is driven by the power generated by the second electric motor (32) to compress the refrigerant. 22).
- a control means (50) for adjusting the capacity of the second compressor (22) such that the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle becomes a predetermined target value is provided.
- the third invention is based on the first invention, wherein the expander (2) in the refrigerant circuit (10) is provided.
- bypass passage (40) for communicating the inlet side and the outlet side of the above (3), and a control valve (41) for controlling the flow rate of the refrigerant in the bypass passage (40).
- control for adjusting the capacity of the second compressor (22) and the opening of the control valve (41) so that the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle becomes a predetermined target value Means (50).
- control means (50) is configured such that when the control valve (41) is fully closed and the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle is lower than a predetermined target value, the second compressor (22) To adjust the capacity of the second compressor (22). When the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle is higher than a predetermined target value while the second compressor (22) is stopped, the control valve (41) is opened. The opening of the control valve (41) is adjusted.
- the refrigerant circuit (10) is filled with carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, and the refrigerant circuit (10) circulates the refrigerant.
- the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle performed in a ring is set higher than the critical pressure of carbon dioxide.
- the refrigerant circulates through the refrigerant circuit (10), and the respective steps of compression, heat release, expansion, and heat absorption are sequentially repeated to perform a refrigeration cycle.
- the expansion process of the refrigerant is performed in the expander (23).
- the high-pressure refrigerant after heat radiation expands, and power is recovered from the high-pressure refrigerant.
- the refrigerant compression process is performed by the first compressor (21) or the second compressor (22). In a state where both the first compressor (21) and the second compressor (22) are operating, a part of the heat-absorbed refrigerant is sucked into the first compressor (21), and the rest is supplied to the second compressor. Inhaled into compressor (22).
- the first compressor (21) is driven by the power recovered by the expander (23) and the power generated by the first electric motor (31), and compresses the sucked refrigerant.
- the second compressor (22) is driven by the power generated by the second electric motor (32) and compresses the sucked refrigerant.
- the first compressor (21) is connected to the expander (23). Therefore, the first compressor (21) is always operated during the operation of the refrigeration system.
- the second compressor (22) is driven by the second electric motor (32) without being connected to the expander (23), and has a variable capacity. During the operation of the refrigeration system, the capacity of the second compressor (22) is appropriately adjusted. That is, the second compressor (22) may be stopped during operation of the refrigeration system.
- the control means (50) adjusts the capacity of the second compressor (22).
- the control of the capacity of the second compressor (22) by the control means (50) depends on the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle. Is set to a predetermined target value. For example, if the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle is higher than the target value, the control means (50) performs an operation of reducing the capacity of the second compressor (22), and conversely, the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle becomes higher than the target value. If it is lower, the operation of increasing the capacity of the second compressor (22) is performed.
- bypass passage (40) and the control valve (41) are provided in the refrigerant circuit (10).
- the control valve (41) When the control valve (41) is open, part of the high-pressure refrigerant after heat radiation flows into the bypass passage (40), and the rest flows into the expander (23). Also, when the degree of adjustment of the control valve (41) is changed, the amount of refrigerant flowing into the bypass passage (40) changes.
- control means (50) controls the capacity of the second compressor (22) and the control valve (4
- Adjust the opening of The control of the capacity of the second compressor (22) and the adjustment of the opening of the control valve (41) by the control means (50) are performed to set the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle to a predetermined target value. For example, if the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle is higher than the target value, the control means (50) performs the operation of reducing the capacity of the second compressor (22) and the operation of increasing the opening of the control valve (41). Conversely, if the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle is lower than the target value, the operation of increasing the capacity of the second compressor (22) and the operation of reducing the opening of the control valve (41) are performed.
- control means (50) performs the following operation. That is, the control means (50) performs the control operation on the other one of the second compressor (22) and the control valve (41) only when the control operation on the other becomes impossible.
- control means (50) narrows the opening of the control valve (41).
- the control means (50) starts the second compressor (22) to adjust the capacity thereof. Start.
- control means (50) decreases the capacity of the second compressor (22). If the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle is still higher than the target value even after stopping the second compressor (22), the control means (50) opens the control valve (41) to start the adjustment of the degree. .
- the second compressor (22) has the control valve (41) Operated only when fully closed, the control valve (41) is opened only when the second compressor (22) is stopped.
- the need use carbon dioxide (C 0 2) as a refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit (10).
- the carbon dioxide compressed by the first compressor (21) or the second compressor (22) has a higher pressure than its critical pressure. Also, carbon dioxide having a pressure higher than the critical pressure flows into the expander (23).
- the second compressor (22) not connected to the expander (23) is arranged in parallel with the first compressor (21). Therefore, even under operating conditions in which the displacement of the first compressor (21) connected to the expander (23) alone is insufficient, the operation of the second compressor (22) can provide a sufficient displacement.
- the refrigeration cycle can be continued under appropriate conditions. Under operating conditions in which the refrigerant had to be expanded beforehand by an expansion valve or the like before flowing into the expander (23), the expander ( 23), and the reduction in power obtained by the expander (23) can be avoided.
- the COP is kept high at the same time as the refrigeration cycle is continued even under the operating condition in which the COP had to be sacrificed in order to continue the refrigeration cycle under appropriate conditions. It is also possible. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the COP of the refrigeration apparatus while enabling stable operation of the refrigeration apparatus regardless of the operation conditions.
- the refrigerant circuit (10) is provided with the bypass passage (40) and the control valve (41).
- the control valve (41) for a compressor with a variable capacity, there is generally a restriction on the range in which the capacity can be changed.
- operating conditions may be such that the refrigeration cycle cannot be continued under appropriate conditions only by adjusting the capacity of the second compressor (22).
- the refrigeration cycle can be stably continued even under such operating conditions by adjusting the amount of the high-pressure refrigerant flowing into the bypass passage (40).
- the control valve (41) is opened to introduce the high-pressure refrigerant into the bypass passage (40). Like that.
- the control valve (41) is opened to introduce the high-pressure refrigerant into the bypass passage (40).
- FIG. 1 is a piping diagram illustrating a configuration of a refrigerant circuit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a Mollier diagram (pressure-evening Ruby diagram) showing a refrigeration cycle in the refrigerant circuit of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3A is a Mollier diagram (pressure-evening Ruby diagram) showing a refrigeration cycle during cooling operation when the outside air temperature in the refrigerant circuit of the first embodiment decreases.
- FIG. 3B is a Mollier diagram (pressure-evening Ruby diagram) showing the refrigeration cycle during the heating operation when the outside air temperature in the refrigerant circuit of the first embodiment decreases.
- FIG. 4A is a Mollier diagram (pressure-enthalpy diagram) showing a refrigeration cycle during a cooling operation when the outside air temperature in the refrigerant circuit of the first embodiment increases.
- FIG. 4B is a Mollier diagram (pressure-evening Ruby diagram) showing a refrigeration cycle during the heating operation in the refrigerant circuit of Embodiment 1 when the outside air temperature rises.
- FIG. 5 is a piping diagram illustrating a configuration of a refrigerant circuit according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the refrigerant evaporation temperature and the coefficient of performance (COP) in a conventional refrigeration system.
- Embodiment 1 is an air conditioner including a refrigeration apparatus according to the present invention.
- This air conditioner consists of a refrigerant circuit (10) and a controller (50).
- the air conditioner of the present embodiment is configured to circulate the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit (10) and perform switching between the cooling operation and the heating operation.
- the refrigerant circuit (10) is filled with carbon dioxide (c 0) as a refrigerant.
- the refrigerant circuit (10) includes an indoor heat exchanger (11), an outdoor heat exchanger (12), A four-way switching valve (13), a second four-way switching valve (14), a first compressor (21), a second compressor (22), and an expander (23) are provided.
- the indoor heat exchanger (11) is composed of a so-called cross-fin type fin-and-tube heat exchanger. Indoor air is supplied to the indoor heat exchanger (11) by a fan (not shown). The indoor heat exchanger (11) exchanges heat between the supplied indoor air and the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit (10). In the refrigerant circuit (10), one end of the indoor heat exchanger (U) is connected to the first port of the first four-way switching valve (13), and the other end is connected to the second four-way switching valve (13). The pipe is connected to the first port of 14).
- the outdoor heat exchanger (12) is composed of a so-called cross-fin type fin-and-tube heat exchanger. Outdoor air is supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger (12) by a fan (not shown). The outdoor heat exchanger (12) exchanges heat between the supplied outdoor air and the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit (10). In the refrigerant circuit (10), one end of the outdoor heat exchanger (12) is connected to the second port of the first four-way switching valve (13) with a pipe, and the other end is connected to the second four-way switching valve (13). The pipe is connected to the second port of 14).
- Each of the first compressor (21) and the second compressor (22) is constituted by a single-ring piston type fluid machine.
- these two compressors (21, 22) are composed of positive displacement fluid machines with a constant displacement.
- the first compressor (21) and the second compressor (22) have their discharge sides connected by piping to the third port of the first four-way switching valve (13). Each suction side is connected to the fourth port of the first four-way switching valve (13) by piping.
- the first compressor (21) and the second compressor (22) are connected in parallel with each other.
- the expander (23) is configured by a rolling piston type fluid machine. In other words, this expander (23) uses a positive displacement fluid machine with a constant displacement. It is configured.
- the expander (23) has its inflow side connected to the third port of the second four-way switching valve (14) by piping and its outflow side connected to the second four-way switching valve (14). Piping is connected to port 4.
- the compressor (21, 22) or the expander (23) is not limited to a rolling piston type fluid machine. That is, for example, a scroll-type positive displacement fluid machine may be used as the compressor (21, 22) or the expander (23).
- the first compressor (21) is connected to the expander (23) and the first electric motor (31) via a drive shaft.
- the first compressor (21) is rotationally driven by both the power obtained by the expansion of the refrigerant in the expander (23) and the power obtained by energizing the first electric motor (31). You.
- the first compressor (21) and the expander (23) connected by one drive shaft always have the same rotational speed. That is, the ratio of the displacement of the first compressor (21) to the displacement of the expander (23) is always constant.
- the second compressor (22) is connected to the second electric motor (32) via a drive shaft.
- the second compressor (22) is rotationally driven only by the power obtained by energizing the second electric motor (32). That is, the second compressor (22) can be operated at a different rotation speed from the first compressor (21) and the expander (23).
- the first motor (31) and the second motor (32) are supplied with AC power of a predetermined frequency from an invar (not shown).
- the frequency of the AC supplied to the first motor (31) and the frequency of the AC supplied to the second motor (32) are set individually.
- the first port has the indoor heat exchanger (11), the second port has the outdoor heat exchanger (12), and the third port has the third port. 1st and 2nd compressor W
- the discharge side of (21, 22) and the fourth 'port are respectively connected to the suction sides of the first and second compressors (21, 22).
- the first four-way switching valve (13) has a state in which the first port communicates with the fourth port and a second port communicates with the third port (the state shown by the solid line in FIG. 1). The state is switched to a state in which the first port communicates with the third port and the second port communicates with the fourth port (a state shown by a broken line in FIG. 1).
- the second four-way switching valve (14) has the first port as the indoor heat exchanger (11), the second port as the outdoor heat exchanger (12), and the third port as the expander (23). ) And the fourth port are connected to the outlet of the expander (23).
- the second four-way switching valve (14) has a state in which the first port communicates with the fourth port and the second port communicates with the third port (a state shown by a solid line in FIG. 1). The state is switched to a state in which the first port communicates with the third port and the second port communicates with the fourth port (the state shown by the broken line in FIG. 1).
- the refrigerant circuit (10) is further provided with a bypass pipe (40).
- One end of the bypass pipe (40) is connected between the inflow side of the expander (23) and the second four-way switching valve (14), and the other end is connected to the outflow side of the expander (23) and the second side. It is connected between the directional control valves (14). That is, the bypass pipe (40) forms a bypass passage that connects the inlet side and the outlet side of the expander (23).
- the bypass pipe (40) is provided with a bypass valve (41) that is a control valve.
- the bypass valve (41) is constituted by a so-called electronic expansion valve. When the degree of the bypass valve (41) is changed, the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the bypass pipe (40) changes. When the bypass valve (41) is fully closed, the bypass pipe (40) is shut off and all the high-pressure refrigerant is sent to the expander (23).
- the controller (50) is configured to adjust the capacity of the second compressor (22) and the flow rate of the refrigerant in the bypass pipe (40) so that the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle reaches a predetermined target value. Have been. Specifically, the controller (50) performs an operation of adjusting the frequency of the alternating current supplied to the second motor (32) and an operation of adjusting the opening of the bypass valve (41). The controller (50) also controls the capacity of the first compressor (21) by adjusting the frequency of the alternating current supplied to the first motor (31). Do.
- points A, B, C, and D all mean those shown in the Mollier diagram of FIG.
- the operation in a state where the second compressor (22) is stopped and the bypass valve (41) is fully closed will be described.
- the ratio of the specific volume of the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator to that of the radiator and the ratio of the displacement of the first compressor (21) to the displacement of the expander (23) match. Performed under operating conditions.
- the first four-way switching valve (13) and the second four-way switching valve (14) switch to the state shown by the solid line in FIG.
- the refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant circuit (10) to perform a refrigeration cycle.
- the outdoor heat exchanger (12) becomes a radiator and the indoor heat exchanger (11) becomes an evaporator.
- the high pressure PH of the refrigeration cycle is set higher than the critical pressure Pc of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant (see Fig. 2).
- the high-pressure refrigerant at the point A is discharged.
- This high-pressure refrigerant flows into the outdoor heat exchanger (12) through the first four-way switching valve (13).
- the high pressure refrigerant pressure releases heat to outdoor air to decrease E down evening ruby remains P H, the state of point B.
- the expander (23) the introduced high-pressure refrigerant expands, and the internal energy of the high-pressure refrigerant is converted into rotational power. Due to the expansion in the expander (23), the pressure and the pressure of the high-pressure refrigerant are reduced, and the state of the high-pressure refrigerant is changed to a point C. In other words, by passing through the expander (23), the pressure of the refrigerant is reduced from P H to the P L.
- the indoor heat exchanger (11) the low-pressure refrigerant absorbs heat from the indoor air and the pressure rises.
- indoor air is cooled by low-pressure refrigerant. The room air is returned to the room.
- the low-pressure refrigerant discharged from the indoor heat exchanger (11) is sucked into the first compressor (21) through the first four-way switching valve (13).
- the refrigerant sucked into the first compressor (21) is compressed to the pressure P H to be in the state at the point A, and then discharged from the first compressor (21).
- the first four-way switching valve (13) and the second four-way switching valve (14) switch to the state shown by the broken line in FIG.
- the refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant circuit (10) to perform a refrigeration cycle.
- the indoor heat exchanger (11) becomes a radiator
- the outdoor heat exchanger (12) becomes an evaporator.
- the high pressure PH of the refrigeration cycle is set higher than the critical pressure Pc of the carbon dioxide refrigerant (see Fig. 2), as in the cooling operation.
- the high-pressure refrigerant at the point A is discharged.
- This high-pressure refrigerant flows into the indoor heat exchanger (11) through the first four-way switching valve (13).
- the indoor heat exchange exchanger (11) high-pressure refrigerant, the pressure was reduced E down evening ruby remains P H releases heat to room air, the state of point B.
- the indoor air is heated by the high-pressure refrigerant, and the heated indoor air is returned to the room.
- the expander (23) the introduced high-pressure refrigerant expands, and the internal energy of the high-pressure refrigerant is converted into rotational power. Due to the expansion in the expander (23), the pressure and the pressure of the high-pressure refrigerant are reduced, and the state of the high-pressure refrigerant is changed to a point C. In other words, by passing through the expander (23), the pressure of the refrigerant is reduced from P H to the P L.
- the low-pressure refrigerant absorbs heat from the outdoor air, and the pressure rises while the pressure remains at P L.
- the low-pressure refrigerant discharged from the outdoor heat exchanger (12) passes through the first four-way switching valve (13)
- pressure P H of the refrigeration cycle becomes a predetermined target value As described above, the capacity of the second compressor (22) is adjusted and the flow rate of the refrigerant in the bypass pipe (40) is adjusted.
- This controller (50) contains the measured value of the low pressure P L of the refrigeration cycle and the coolant temperature T at the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger (12) or indoor heat exchanger (11) functioning as a radiator. Is input. The measured value of the high-pressure PH of the refrigeration cycle is input to the controller (50). Then, the controller (50) adjusts the frequency of the AC supplied to the second electric motor (32) and the opening of the bypass valve (41) so that the measured value of the high pressure PH of the refrigeration cycle becomes the set target value. Adjust.
- Controller (50) based on the measured value of the low pressure P L and the refrigerant temperature T input, it sets the value of the high optimum refrigeration cycle as a target value. At that time, the controller (50) uses the correlation equation stored in advance or a table of numerical data to obtain the optimum value of the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle, that is, the high pressure that maximizes the COP of the refrigeration cycle. Is calculated, and the obtained value is set as the target value. Then, the controller (50) compares the input measured value of the high pressure PH with the set target value, and performs the following operation according to the result.
- the controller (50) maintains the frequency of the AC supplied to the second motor (32) and the opening of the bypass valve (41) as they are. Therefore, if the second compressor (22) is stopped, the second compressor (22) is kept stopped. If the bypass valve (41) is fully closed, the bypass valve (41) is kept in the fully closed state.
- the controller (50) reduces the frequency of the AC supplied to the second electric motor (32), reduces the rotational speed of the second compressor (22), and reduces the displacement. In other words, —La (50) reduces the capacity of the second compressor (22).
- the controller (50) opens the bypass valve (41) and introduces the refrigerant into both the expander (23) and the bypass pipe (40). In other words, the refrigerant is circulated not only in the expander (23) but also in the bypass pipe (40), and the circulation amount of the refrigerant is secured.
- the controller (50) reduces the degree of bypass valve (41) and reduces the flow rate of refrigerant in the bypass pipe (40).
- the controller (50) starts power supply to the second electric motor (32) and starts the second compressor (22). Thereafter, the controller (50) appropriately increases or decreases the frequency of the AC supplied to the second electric motor (32), and changes the rotation speed of the second compressor (22) to adjust the displacement. That is, the controller (50) controls the capacity of the second compressor (22).
- Maximum rotational speed of the second compressor (22) is, that is, when the second compressor (22) is the measured value of the maximum capacity and a connection also pressure P H is still lower than the target value, the expander (23) It can be determined that the displacement of is too large. Therefore, in this case, the controller (50) reduces the frequency of the alternating current supplied to the first electric motor (31), reduces the rotation speed of the expander (23), and reduces the displacement.
- the second compressor (22) not connected to the expander (23) is arranged in parallel with the first compressor (21). Therefore, even under operating conditions in which the displacement is insufficient with only the first compressor (21) connected to the expander (23), the displacement can be reduced by operating the second compressor (22). The shortage can be compensated and the refrigeration cycle can be continued under appropriate conditions.
- the outside air temperature has decreased from the operating condition in which the measured value of the high-pressure PH matches the target value with the second compressor (22) stopped and the bypass valve (41) closed. .
- the state of the refrigerant at the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger (12), which is a radiator, changes from the state at point B to the state at point B 'as shown in Fig. 3A. Change. That is, the refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger (12) decreases, and the specific volume of the refrigerant decreases. Also, if during the heating, as shown in FIG. 3 B, the refrigerant pressure in the outdoor heat exchanger (12) is evaporator: reduced from P L to P L '. In other words, the low pressure of the refrigeration cycle decreases, and the specific volume of the refrigerant at the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger (12) increases.
- the refrigerant is expanded by the expansion valve provided upstream of the expander (23), and the specific volume is increased in advance. It was necessary to balance the displacement between the compressor side and the expander side by introducing the cooled refrigerant into the expander (23).
- the expander ( 23) even under the operating conditions in which the refrigerant had to be expanded in advance by an expansion valve or the like before flowing into the expander (23), the expander ( 23) to prevent the power obtained by the expander (23) from being reduced. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the stable refrigerating cycle operation can be performed irrespective of the operating conditions, and the COP of the air conditioner can be improved.
- the second compressor (22) when the second compressor (22) is stopped and the bypass valve (41) is closed, the outside air temperature rises from operating conditions where the measured value of the high-pressure PH matches the target value.
- the state of the refrigerant at the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger (12) which is a radiator, changes from the state at point B to the state at point B 'as shown in Fig. 4A. Change. That is, the refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger (12) increases, and the specific volume of the refrigerant increases.
- the refrigerant pressure in the outdoor heat exchanger (12), which is an evaporator rises from P L to P i, as shown in FIG. 4B.
- the low pressure of the refrigeration cycle increases, and the specific volume of the refrigerant at the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger (12) decreases.
- the bypass piping is not used under the low-frequency special operation condition.
- the refrigeration cycle is continued and the usability of the air conditioner is kept high.
- all the high-pressure refrigerant is introduced into the expander (23). High COP can be obtained.
- Embodiment 2 of the present invention is a modification of Embodiment 1 in which the configurations of the refrigerant circuit (10) and the controller (50) are changed.
- the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment from the first embodiment.
- the controller (50) of the present embodiment is configured to perform only the capacity adjustment of the first compressor (21) and the second compressor (22). That is, the controller (50) is higher than the measured value is the target value of the high pressure P H, and reduce the capacity of the second electric motor to reduce the rotational speed of (32) to the second compressor (2 2), Conversely, if the measured value of the high-pressure PH is lower than the target value, the rotation speed of the second motor (32) is increased to increase the capacity of the second compressor (22).
- bypass pipe (40) and the bypass valve (41) may be omitted.
- the present invention is useful for a refrigeration apparatus including an expander.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
- Freezing, Cooling And Drying Of Foods (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
- Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003296139A AU2003296139A1 (en) | 2003-01-08 | 2003-12-25 | Refrigeration apparatus |
| DE60320036T DE60320036T2 (de) | 2003-01-08 | 2003-12-25 | Kühlvorrichtung |
| US10/541,590 US7434414B2 (en) | 2003-01-08 | 2003-12-25 | Refrigeration apparatus |
| EP03786345A EP1586832B1 (en) | 2003-01-08 | 2003-12-25 | Refrigeration apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003001972A JP3952951B2 (ja) | 2003-01-08 | 2003-01-08 | 冷凍装置 |
| JP2003-1972 | 2003-01-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004063642A1 true WO2004063642A1 (ja) | 2004-07-29 |
Family
ID=32708843
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2003/016843 Ceased WO2004063642A1 (ja) | 2003-01-08 | 2003-12-25 | 冷凍装置 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7434414B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1586832B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3952951B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN100494817C (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE390606T1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2003296139A1 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE60320036T2 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2300640T3 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004063642A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100575817C (zh) * | 2005-05-06 | 2009-12-30 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 制冷循环装置 |
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| WO2006085557A1 (ja) * | 2005-02-10 | 2006-08-17 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| JP2006242491A (ja) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| CN101228400B (zh) * | 2005-07-28 | 2010-05-12 | 天津大学 | 制冷设备 |
| JP3864989B1 (ja) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-01-10 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
| JP4736727B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-11 | 2011-07-27 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | ヒートポンプ給湯装置 |
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| JP5103952B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-08 | 2012-12-19 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
| WO2008115227A1 (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2008-09-25 | Carrier Corporation | Refrigerant system with variable capacity expander |
| JP5169003B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-23 | 2013-03-27 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
| EP2196751B1 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2013-06-26 | Panasonic Corporation | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
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| JP5070301B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-15 | 2012-11-14 | パナソニック株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
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| JP5407157B2 (ja) | 2008-03-18 | 2014-02-05 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
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| CN102177405B (zh) * | 2008-07-18 | 2013-05-01 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 制冷循环装置 |
| US20110138831A1 (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2011-06-16 | Panasonic Corporation | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
| JPWO2010122812A1 (ja) * | 2009-04-24 | 2012-10-25 | パナソニック株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| JPWO2010137274A1 (ja) * | 2009-05-29 | 2012-11-12 | パナソニック株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| CN102301190A (zh) * | 2009-06-12 | 2011-12-28 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 制冷循环装置 |
| WO2011130162A2 (en) * | 2010-04-12 | 2011-10-20 | Drexel University | Heat pump water heater |
| US8366817B2 (en) * | 2010-08-10 | 2013-02-05 | Gennady Ulunov | System for purification of air in an inner space |
| JP5791785B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-27 | 2015-10-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
| US10634137B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2020-04-28 | Bitzer Kuehlmaschinenbau Gmbh | Suction header arrangement for oil management in multiple-compressor systems |
| US9689386B2 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2017-06-27 | Bitzer Kuehlmaschinenbau Gmbh | Method of active oil management for multiple scroll compressors |
| US10495089B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2019-12-03 | Bitzer Kuehlmashinenbau GmbH | Oil equalization configuration for multiple compressor systems containing three or more compressors |
| US8931288B2 (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2015-01-13 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Pressure regulation of an air conditioner |
| US9051934B2 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2015-06-09 | Bitzer Kuehlmaschinenbau Gmbh | Apparatus and method for oil equalization in multiple-compressor systems |
| US9939179B2 (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2018-04-10 | Bitzer Kuehlmaschinenbau Gmbh | Cascading oil distribution system |
| US10760831B2 (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2020-09-01 | Bitzer Kuehlmaschinenbau Gmbh | Oil distribution in multiple-compressor systems utilizing variable speed |
| US20220178603A1 (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2022-06-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
| CN110806035A (zh) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-02-18 | 上海复璐帝流体技术有限公司 | 一种跨临界二氧化碳制冷方法及其装置 |
| US12405024B2 (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2025-09-02 | Tyco Fire & Security Gmbh | Heat pump control systems and methods |
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- 2003-01-08 JP JP2003001972A patent/JP3952951B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-25 CN CNB2003801085609A patent/CN100494817C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-25 US US10/541,590 patent/US7434414B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-25 ES ES03786345T patent/ES2300640T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-25 AT AT03786345T patent/ATE390606T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-12-25 WO PCT/JP2003/016843 patent/WO2004063642A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2003-12-25 EP EP03786345A patent/EP1586832B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-25 DE DE60320036T patent/DE60320036T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE390606T1 (de) | 2008-04-15 |
| CN1735779A (zh) | 2006-02-15 |
| EP1586832A1 (en) | 2005-10-19 |
| DE60320036D1 (de) | 2008-05-08 |
| US7434414B2 (en) | 2008-10-14 |
| ES2300640T3 (es) | 2008-06-16 |
| AU2003296139A1 (en) | 2004-08-10 |
| CN100494817C (zh) | 2009-06-03 |
| JP3952951B2 (ja) | 2007-08-01 |
| JP2004212006A (ja) | 2004-07-29 |
| US20060059929A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
| EP1586832B1 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
| DE60320036T2 (de) | 2008-06-26 |
| EP1586832A4 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
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