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WO2004044179A2 - Systeme et procede de detection de mouvement par interrogation a distance - Google Patents

Systeme et procede de detection de mouvement par interrogation a distance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004044179A2
WO2004044179A2 PCT/US2003/036278 US0336278W WO2004044179A2 WO 2004044179 A2 WO2004044179 A2 WO 2004044179A2 US 0336278 W US0336278 W US 0336278W WO 2004044179 A2 WO2004044179 A2 WO 2004044179A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
trapping
molecule
template
antenna element
particular type
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2003/036278
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2004044179A3 (fr
Inventor
Lars Chapsky
Rodolfo E. Diaz
Michael Watts
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Arizona
Arizona's Public Universities
Original Assignee
University of Arizona
Arizona's Public Universities
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Arizona, Arizona's Public Universities filed Critical University of Arizona
Priority to AU2003290832A priority Critical patent/AU2003290832A1/en
Publication of WO2004044179A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004044179A2/fr
Publication of WO2004044179A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004044179A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y15/00—Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/4788—Diffraction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
    • G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection
    • G01N21/553—Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons
    • G01N21/554—Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons detecting the surface plasmon resonance of nanostructured metals, e.g. localised surface plasmon resonance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and systems for motion detection by remote interrogation. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods and systems for nanoscale particle motion detection by remote interrogation.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method and system for detection motion by a remote interrogation.
  • a further object is to provide a method and system for detecting a particular molecule.
  • the foregoing objects are attained, in accordance with the present invention, by a system for detecting at least one of a particular type of molecule.
  • the system includes at least one antenna element and a number of metallic elements.
  • the antenna element capable of creating a radiation distribution if a radiation source directs radiation toward the at least one antenna element.
  • Each of the antenna elements include a molecular motor positioned adjacent to the antenna element and a trapping armature associated with a first trapping template.
  • the first trapping template is configured to bind with a first portion of the at least one of the particular type of molecule.
  • Each of the metallic elements are associated with a second trapping template configured to bind with a second portion of the at least one of the particular type of molecule.
  • the molecular motor moves the trapping armature such that, if the first trapping template has bound the first portion of a molecule and the second trapping template has bound the second portion of the same molecule, the metallic element disrupts the radiation distribution associated with the at least one antenna element.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram of a device according to the invention for motion detection by remote interrogation
  • Fig. 2a is a diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an antennae array for use with the device shown in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 2b is a diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the antennae array illustrated in Fig. 2a showing a direction of an interrogating electromagnetic wave
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a three-dimensional representation of a diffraction pattern that can be provided by the array illustrated in Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 4 is a representation of the antennae array of Fig. 1 having a metal nanosphere creating a perturbation of the field;
  • Fig 5 is a diagram showing a three-dimensional representation of a diffraction pattern that can be provided by the array illustrated in Fig. 1 having a field perturbation, as shown in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6a is a diagram of a polar view of the diagram shown in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 6b is a diagram of a polar view of the diagram shown in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a plot diagram of an array pattern of an embodiment of the device shown in Fig. 2 when a particle passes through one element; and Throughout the figures, the same reference numerals and characters, unless otherwise stated, are used to denote like features, elements, components or portions of the illustrated embodiments.
  • a method and device for detecting motion by a remote interrogation is provided using an array of antennae elements and an interrogating electromagnetic field.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary embodiment of a particle motion detection system 100 in accordance with the invention is shown in Fig. 1 for trapping and detecting at least one molecule.
  • a system 100 in accordance with the present invention includes at least one metal nanosphere 110, a remote antennae portion 140, with a first trapping template 190 for connecting the remote antennae portion 140 to the molecule to be detected 130.
  • the system 100 includes a metal nanosphere portion 110, having a first trapping template 190 connected thereto for trapping small particles.
  • the metal nanosphere portion 110 is dimensioned such that it is capable of being detected by a nanoscale particle detector.
  • metal nanospheres are detectable using nanoscale particle detectors such as those described below.
  • Each nanosphere is provided with a first trapping template 190 for trapping a portion of a molecule to be detected 130.
  • gold nanospheres can be provided having dimensions of about 2-20 nm in diameter.
  • the trapping template 190 can be ligands such as thiolated cyclodextrin receptors which are bonded to the sphere antennae portions 110.
  • the nanospheres and their ligand receptors form nanoparticles that can engage in host-guest interactions with guest molecules.
  • These nanoparticles can be provided in an aqueous solution or other solution that permits interaction between ligand receptors and target molecules.
  • Methods of providing trapping templates 190 have been described by Liu et al. in "Cyclodextrin-Modified Gold Nanospheres", Langmuir 2000, 16, 3000-3002; and by Liu, et al. in "In Situ Modification of the Surface of Gold Colloidal Particles Preparation of Cyclodextrin- Based Rotaxanes Supported on Gold Nanospheres", Langmuir 1998, 14, 7337-7339. These documents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
  • the system 100 is provided with at least one complementary trapping armature 120 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the complementary trapping armature 120 includes a second receptor 170 for providing a complementary binding site to trap another portion of the target molecule 130 to be detected.
  • the trapping armature 120 includes an electro/chemomechanical machine 180 (e.g., a molecular motor) for providing movement of the second receptor 170.
  • the electromechanical machine 180 can be a molecular motor with an armature such as described by Carlo Montemagno and George Bachand in "Constructing nanomechanical devices powered by biomolecular motors", Nanotechnology 10, (1999) 225-231. This document is also incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the system 100 is provided as a wave interrogated resonant array.
  • Such wave interrogated incident array includes an incident electromagnetic energy source 160 for providing an electromagnetic field directed at (e.g., incident to) a resonant array of antennae elements 140.
  • An electromagnetic energy source 160 can include laser devices for providing radiation having wavelengths appropriate to produce a diffraction pattern when the laser energy illuminates the resonant array of antennae elements 140.
  • the array is provided so that a designed periodicity permits a characteristic reflection signature consisting of a specularly reflected beam and one or more designed diffracted orders. The diffracted energy can be effectively filtered through a holographic arrangement provided for a detection of variations.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of an array of antennae elements 140.
  • Each antennae element 140 is a pair of 45-degree (half-angle) metal bowties with a feed gap.
  • the feed gap having a sufrace area equal to approximately ( ⁇ / 9.6) 2 .
  • At least one complementary trapping armature 120 is provided substantially near the feed gap (sometimes called the feed) of at least one antennae.
  • This change can be represented by a very strong signal in the holo graphically filtered signature of the array.
  • the resonant nature of the antennae elements 140 provided in an array typically makes them extremely sensitive to sub-wavelength objects.
  • Sub-wavelength objects are objects that would normally be undetectable with direct plane wave illumination.
  • the open- feed antennae elements 140 can thus operate at least down to optical wavelengths (such as 633 nm) and may detect dielectric objects at least as small as 40 nm.
  • the array of the antennae elements 140 is constructed on a substrate 150 that can be prepared for the deposition of small electomechanical machines such as molecular motors 180.
  • Molecular motors 180 can be ATPase molecular motors deposited over the array at such a density to ensure that one or more of the antennae elements 140 have motors 180 close to their open feed.
  • motors 180 are provided within 60 nm of the open feed, but can also be provided at other distances depending on the expected length of moving structures such as ligands and target molecules.
  • each electromechanical machine 180 is provided with an armature 120 for movement about an axis of the motor 180.
  • Each electromechanical machine 180 can be provided to drive the armature along at least a portion of an arc or circle around the electromechanical machine 180.
  • an electromechanical machine 180 can be provided to permit the armature to rotate freely over at least a portion of an arc or circle around the electromechanical machine 180 when subjected to the influence of an external field.
  • a magnetic field can cause a magnetically inducible armature or an armature connected to a magnetically inducible nanoparticle to rotate in the direction of the arc around the electromechanical machine.
  • Each armature 120 is provided with a second receptor 170 having affinity for one end of the target molecule 130.
  • the second receptor 170 can be ligand adapted to provide the particular affinity for target molecule 130.
  • metal nanospheres will be prepared that have an affinity to the target molecules 130.
  • the second receptor 170 may have an affinity to one end of the target molecule 130, and the metal nanosphere can have an affinity for the other end.
  • the metal nanosphere's affinity to the target molecule 130 if a sample of target molecules 130 is inserted into a fluid containing the nanospheres, the target molecules 130 may become attached to the nanospheres. If this fluid is also provided in contact with the first trapping templates 190 of the array, target molecules 130, which are attached to the metal nanospheres, can become affixed to the electromechanical machines 180.
  • the array and the fluid are remotely interrogated with a laser to generate a baseline diffraction pattern.
  • the baseline diffraction pattern is likely to differ from an unperturbed array without the fluid because the presence of nanospheres at various places in the neighborhood of the antennas is expected to perturb many of antennae.
  • the diffraction pattern results from coherent illumination of a periodic array of elements, it tends to have a well defined pattern of maxima and minima as a function of angle in space. With the use of an array of photodetectors, a CCD camera, or an opaque screen, an individual would be able to see this pattern.
  • a target molecule 130 such as ATP
  • the target molecules 130 will attach themselves to the nanospheres at one end, and to the second receptor 170 at the other end.
  • the motors 180 that are connected to the second receptors 170 which have the captured target molecules 130 may also have nanospheres captured at an opposite end of the target molecules 130.
  • the captured nanospheres are pulled by the electromechanical machines 180 due to the connection through the target molecule 130, through the near-fields of the open- feed antennas, and periodically perturb the field of the interrogating beam. This results in a readily detectable flicker in the diffraction pattern of the array.
  • each antennae element 140 is a pair of micro-structures in a bowtie arrangement which concentrate the incident field of the interrogating laser from an area of the order of ( ⁇ /2) 2 down to an area of the order of ( ⁇ /16) or less near the feed of the antennae elements 140.
  • the electric field at the feed of the antenna elements 140 can exceed the field strength of the incident wave by an order of magnitude. If a foreign object, such as a nanosphere, is present near the feed of one of the elements of the array, it is illuminated by the amplified fields of the interrogating laser and reradiates portions of the radiation back onto an element of the antennae. The element, in turn, re-radiates the radiation back into the free space which radiation is thus out of phase with the radiation reflection pattern created by the rest of the elements of the array.
  • a foreign object such as a nanosphere
  • a two-element interferometer can include two antennae elements 140.
  • the elements can be spaced 1.0 ⁇ apart, and illuminated so as to form an interrogating laser at 30 degree incidence.
  • One element can exclude electromechanical machines 180 to remain unperturbed as a reference element, and the second element can be provided in the electromechanical machine 180 and first trapping template 190 as described above to allow for the capturing of a nanosphere in the presence of a target molecule 130. If the antennae elements 140 have a similar configuration, their scattering signals can cancel each other in a direction normal to their plane.
  • Fig. 3 shows a graphical representation of a far-field radiation distribution over a hemisphere above the antennae elements 140 illustrated in Fig. 2. This distribution can be calculated using a full-physics solution of Maxwell's equations known as Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD).
  • FDTD Finite Difference Time Domain method
  • the dark line in the plane of symmetry of the elements shows cancellation of reradiated radiation.
  • a photodetector located directly above the antennas and in the symmetry plane could be provided to detect very low intensity radiated signals.
  • a metal nanosphere When a metal nanosphere is brought into the open- feed gap of one of the antennae elements 140 by the motion of the electromechanical machine 180, it can alter the phase response of that antenna such that the direction of signal cancellation shifts, thereby creating a clear signal for a photodetector to detect a difference to the baseline measurement.
  • Figs. 4 - 7 show the result of the full-physics simulation when a perturbation exists in the open-feed gap of the antennae element 140.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a metal nanosphere in the open-feed gap of the antennae element 140.
  • Fig. 5 shows a full-physics solution for the case when the top bowtie is perturbed by the particle. The symmetry is broken, and there is no longer a null-signal at a detector located in the place of symmetry.
  • Fig. 6a shows a top view of the far-field radiation hemisphere with no nanosphere perturbing a bowtie.
  • Fig. 6b shows a view of the far-field radiation with a perturbed bowtie.
  • FIG. 7 shows a plot of the power density as a function of angle from normal on the two-principal planes of the proposed set-up.
  • the signal obtained by a detector located directly above the antennas on the plane of symmetry of the perturbed array is 20% of the maximum scattered power by the unperturbed array.
  • a confirmation of the detection of the sphere can be provided to occur periodically as the electromechanical machine 180 rotated, and the perturbation signal is created on each revolution.
  • An alternative embodiment of an array pattern of the system 100 shown in Fig. 1 may include a micro fmidic channel.
  • the system 100 can be provided with a microfluidic channel connecting the feeds of at least two antennae elements 140.
  • a related precursor device is a Coulter Counter described in O. A. Saleh and L. L. Sohn, "Quantitative sensing of nanoscale colloids using a microchip Coulter counter", Review of Scientific Instruments, 72 (12) pp. 4449-4451, December 2001 the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Alternative embodiments of remotely interrogated nanoscale motion detectors according to the present invention can be provided utilizing other forms of MEMS and NEMS devices in combination with the bowtie antennae arrays.
  • the inclusion of the motion sensitive arrays on the same chip as a MEMS or NEMS device can be provided to allow for remote assessment of the static or dynamic state of a particular device.
  • the device to be monitored is provided with a mechanical coupling.
  • the mechanical coupling is provided proximate to the feed of an array for perturbing the near field of a detecting element. In this way a device can communicate its status to another device without carrying on board any optical or microwave signaling equipment.
  • Such detector is an advantageous over micromirrors by providing greater compactness.
  • these antennae elements 140 can be carried by the moving portion of an individual MEMS or NEMS device. Accordingly, a correlation of the interference between a stationary antennae and an antenna on a moving MEM or NEM device could be used to track the position of the moving portion of the device to within 25 nm.
  • the invention is not limited to ATPase motors, nor is the invention limited to the embodiments described in detail herein.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système et un procédé de détection d'au moins un type particulier de molécule. Le système comporte au moins un élément d'antenne et un certain nombre d'éléments métalliques. Cet élément d'antenne est capable de créer une distribution du rayonnement si une source de rayonnement dirige son rayonnement vers l'élément d'antenne considéré. Chacun des éléments d'antenne comporte un moteur moléculaire disposé au voisinage de l'élément d'antenne et d'un induit de piégeage associé à une première structure de piégeage. Cette première structure de piégeage est configurée pour se lier à une première partie du type particulier de molécule considéré. Chacun des éléments métalliques est associé à une seconde structure de piégeage configurée pour se lier à une seconde partie du type particulier de molécule considéré. Le moteur moléculaire anime l'induit de piégeage de façon que, si la première structure de piégeage s'est liée à la première partie d'une molécule, et que la seconde structure de piégeage s'est liée à la seconde partie de la même molécule, l'élément métallique interrompt la distribution du rayonnement associée à l'élément d'antenne considéré.
PCT/US2003/036278 2002-11-08 2003-11-10 Systeme et procede de detection de mouvement par interrogation a distance Ceased WO2004044179A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003290832A AU2003290832A1 (en) 2002-11-08 2003-11-10 System and method for remote interrogation motion detection

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US42501202P 2002-11-08 2002-11-08
US60/425,012 2002-11-08

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WO2004044179A3 WO2004044179A3 (fr) 2004-11-25

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2130027B1 (fr) * 2007-03-23 2019-03-06 Attomarker Limited Réseaux de biodétecteurs photoniques
US10714834B2 (en) 2016-12-20 2020-07-14 Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of Arlzona State University Broadband quad-ridge horn antennas
US10777879B2 (en) 2017-07-24 2020-09-15 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University Optimal permeable antenna flux channels for conformal applications
US11170414B2 (en) * 2019-07-02 2021-11-09 Bsi Business Systems Integration Ag Campaign management system—local attributes

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998028623A1 (fr) * 1996-12-20 1998-07-02 Gamera Bioscience Corporation Systeme a base de liaisons par affinite permettant de detecter des particules dans un fluide
JP2002500190A (ja) * 1998-01-08 2002-01-08 ザ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニバーシティ オブ カリフォルニア 海洋海綿から誘導されるキネシンモーターモジュレーター
US6410254B1 (en) * 1999-05-18 2002-06-25 Cytokinetics Compositions and assays utilizing ADP or phosphate for detecting protein modulators

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2130027B1 (fr) * 2007-03-23 2019-03-06 Attomarker Limited Réseaux de biodétecteurs photoniques
US10714834B2 (en) 2016-12-20 2020-07-14 Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of Arlzona State University Broadband quad-ridge horn antennas
US10777879B2 (en) 2017-07-24 2020-09-15 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University Optimal permeable antenna flux channels for conformal applications
US11170414B2 (en) * 2019-07-02 2021-11-09 Bsi Business Systems Integration Ag Campaign management system—local attributes
US20220092647A1 (en) * 2019-07-02 2022-03-24 Bsi Business Systems Integration Ag Campaign management system - local attributes
US11562405B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2023-01-24 Bsi Business Systems Integration Ag Campaign management system—local attributes
US12148009B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2024-11-19 Bsi Business Systems Integration Ag Campaign management system—local attributes

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Publication number Publication date
WO2004044179A3 (fr) 2004-11-25
AU2003290832A1 (en) 2004-06-03
AU2003290832A8 (en) 2004-06-03

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