WO2004044042A1 - Waste collecting method, waste collecting apparatus, volume reducing or softening solution, waste collecting system, waste recycling method, and classified waste collecting method - Google Patents

Abstract

A collecting apparatus for foam materials, plastic containers, and plastic materials, wherein diol or polyol liquid is heated from the temperature of 80°C to the boiling point thereof, the foam materials, plastic containers, and plastic materials are immersed in the liquid, or the liquid is spattered or sprayed over these materials and containers and, as necessary, a pressure is applied thereto to reduce the volume or soften the foam materials, plastic containers, and plastic materials, and then the reduced or softened materials and containers are collected.

Description

 Description Waste material recovery method, waste material recovery equipment, volume reducing or softening liquid, waste material recovery system, recycling method and waste material separation and recovery method

 The present invention relates to a method for collecting waste plastic materials such as plastic containers and bottles such as styrofoam, polyurethane foam, and polypropylene, a waste material recovery apparatus, a volume reduction or softening liquid, and a waste material recovery system. It relates to recycling methods and methods for separating and collecting waste materials. Background art

 There are two methods for reducing the foamed material of Styrofoam: the direct heat reduction method and the solvent reduction method. The direct heat reduction method has disadvantages such as generation of styrene monomer due to thermal decomposition, difficulty in uniform reduction and blackening of some parts, and complicated equipment. 1 — 2 3 2 3 2 7, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-224 1 5 3 6) are receiving attention. However, conventional solution reduction methods are harmful because they all use petroleum-based solvents (for example, even if oil extracted from food is used, those oils are harmful to the human body due to their high concentration) There is a serious danger that the risk of flammable explosion is high and that it takes a lot of cost to remove the solution from the reduced styrene. At present, the only way to soften plastic materials such as polyethylene is by heating, which is difficult to recycle due to thermal denaturation. Furthermore, it is difficult to reduce the heat of foamed polyurethane. At present, there is no other method than high-temperature incineration, and there is a need to develop a useful recycling method.

High human safety and environmental safety, and can reduce or reduce the volume of foaming materials such as styrene foam and polyethylene foam (hereinafter referred to as volume reduction), and plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, vinyl chloride, and polyester. Find a breakthrough solution that can soften. In addition, find a volume reduction solution of foamed polyurethane that is currently causing the most problems as waste materials. . Next, a system for volume reduction and softening using this solution is devised.

 In the present invention, the container includes a bottle. "A solution or B solution" includes the mixture of A and B. That is, it means "A solution or B solution or a mixture thereof". The waste material referred to in the present invention is not limited to a material to be disposed of and a material that has already been disposed of, but is a product that is in the middle of temporary storage, but is a product that is no longer a product and that requires volume reduction. In short, it includes all items that need to be reduced in volume. Disclosure of the invention

 In the method for collecting waste materials according to the present invention, a solution of a diol or a polyol or a mixture thereof is heated to a predetermined temperature, and a foamed material, a plastic container or a plastic material is brought into contact with the heated solution to reduce the volume or to reduce the volume. Softening and collecting the foam, plastic container or plastic material simultaneously or later.

 The method for recovering waste material according to the present invention comprises: contacting a diol or polyol solution or a mixture thereof with a foaming material, a plastic container, or a plastic material, or heating the solution while contacting the solution. A method for recovering waste materials by reducing or softening the volume and collecting the foamed material, plastic container or plastic material simultaneously or later. Pressure is applied at the time of the contact or immediately after the contact.

 The solution temperature is heated to a temperature in the range from 80 ° C. or higher to the boiling point.

 The foamed material is foamed polystyrene or foamed polyethylene, and the plastic container is a container made of polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyvinyl chloride, or a pet bottle, and the plastic material is polychlorinated. Examples include vinyl, polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyester plates, tubes, sheets, nonwoven fabrics, cloths, and fiber bundles.

 The solution temperature is a temperature within a range from 130 ° C. or higher to a boiling point, and the waste material is a styrene foam, a pet bottle, or a container made of polyethylene.

 The plastic material is a chip obtained by crushing or chopping a pet pot.

The foam material is foamed polyurethane, and the solution temperature is from 150 ° C. or higher to the boiling point. Up to.

 The solution is diol or triol which is a raw material of polyurethane.

 The diol is glycols or monoacylglycerol.

 The dalicols are alkylenedaricols or a polymer thereof.

 The alkylene glycols are diethylene dali glycol, trimethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol cornole, butylene glycol cornole, dipropylene glycol, or propylene glycol.

 The polymer is polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol, and the polyol is triol.

 The triol is glycerin or trimethylolpropane.

 The waste material is a pet bottle or a chip obtained by crushing or chopping a pet bottle, and the solution is ethylene glycol.

 The waste material recovery device according to the present invention includes: a heating device that heats the diol or polyol to a predetermined temperature; and bringing the heated solution into contact with a foam material, a plastic container, or a plastic material; It is provided with a softening means for reducing the volume by spraying and softening, and a collecting means for collecting the foamed material, the plastic container, or the plastic material.

 The apparatus further includes a pressurizer for applying pressure to the foam material, the plastic container, or the plastic material.

 The heating device is configured by one or a combination of an induction heating device, a microwave heating device, an ultrasonic heating device, a high frequency vibration heating device, and an ultrasonic vibration heating device.

 The waste material is a bottle, and there is a means for selecting one from the aggregate, and then the heated liquid comes into contact with the waste material by natural fall, spraying, spraying, etc. from the bottom of the press. At least both the mouth and the bottom of the pet bottle are equipped with a structure that applies compressive force.

There is a volume reduction liquid in the tank, and waste is put into the tank to reduce the volume, or the volume is decreasing. Equipped with a structure in which waste material is floated on the liquid surface by buoyancy, and the reduced waste material is scooped up by a belt that rises diagonally upward.

 The volume reducing or softening liquid of the foamed material, plastic material, or plastic container according to the present invention is composed of a diol or polyol solution or a mixture thereof, and is heated at 80 to 200 ° C. or lower.

 The volume-reducing or softening solution of the styrofoam or polyethylene product according to the present invention consists of a diol or polyol solution or a mixture thereof, and is heated to 130 ° C or more and 200 ° C or less. .

 The volume reducing or softening liquid of the foamed polyurethane according to the present invention is a diol or a triol as a raw material of the polyurethane, and is heated to 150 ° C. or more and 230 ° C. or less. The volume reducing or softening liquid of the pot pottle or the chip according to the present invention is ethylene daryl, which is heated to 80 ° C. or more and 190 ° C. or less.

 In the waste material recovery system according to the present invention, the collection price is determined according to the weight of the waste plastic member recovered by the waste material recovery method.

 In the method for recycling styrofoam according to the present invention, the styrofoam collected by the method for collecting waste materials is washed with water or dried as necessary, and a styrene product is obtained by a reduced-pressure molding machine.

 In the method for separating and collecting plastic waste material according to the present invention, a diol or a polyol and a waste material are mixed, and the mixture is separated into one at the liquid surface and one that sinks in the liquid or at the bottom, and then recovers each. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a volume reduction / softening apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another volume reducing / softening apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 (a) is a schematic view of still another volume reducing / softening apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 (b) is a schematic view of still another volume reducing / softening apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a collecting device for collecting with a belt conveyor according to the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

 The method for treating waste material according to the present invention comprises heating a diol or polyol which is a volume reducing / softening solution, and contacting the heating solution with a foamed material / plastic of a single product or an aggregate. It also consists of collecting or separating material that has been reduced or softened or is being reduced. There are two methods of contacting: storing the solution, heating it, and putting the object into it, or pouring or spraying the heated solution onto the object. Alternatively, the solution may be heated while the object is immersed in the solution at room temperature while the solution is applied or sprayed. As a method of heating the solution while applying or spraying the solution, there are microwave irradiation, ultrasonic irradiation and the like.

 Before contact with the warming solution, compress it to some extent only with pressure, and after releasing the pressure, contact with the warming solution. There is also a method of applying pressure during or immediately after contact with the heating solution. Immediately after that, while the material is being melted and softened by heat, pressure can be applied to increase the volume reduction rate and increase the volume reduction rate.

 The pressure is preferably applied while in contact with the solution, but compression is possible even after contact if only a short time has elapsed. However, since the urethane foam softened by contact with the heating liquid loses elasticity and loses restoring force, it is possible to compress the urine even after a lapse of time after the contact.

 By using the heating solution of the present invention, for example, styrene foam can be reduced to about 30 times. This reduction rate can be reduced to 1/100 by applying pressure. By applying pressure, the time can be shortened, and by applying a larger pressure, the solution can be compressed and discharged, so that the amount of remaining liquid can be reduced. In addition, even a portion that cannot be compressed only by pressure alone, for example, a portion of a mouth of a pet bottle, can be crushed or reduced by using a heating solution and pressure together.

Foamed polyethylene and the like cannot be reduced in volume only by pressure. The volume reduction rate is small even with the heated volume reduction solution of the present invention alone. In this case, the volume can be reduced by using the heating volume reducing solution and pressure together. In addition, foamed polyurethane requires the combined use of pressure and heating liquid. In the case of collection, only single waste materials are collected, but in the case of mixed waste materials, it is possible to separate them according to the specific gravity of the solution, the fluidity when softened, the shape, etc. Collection can be performed at the time of volume reduction as well as after volume reduction. Finally, it is common practice to remove and dry the solution with water.

 It should be noted that the diols or polyols used in the present invention develop volume-softening power only when heated and have no effect at room temperature. In the experiment, in the case of styrofoam, only slight bubbles were generated on the surface at a liquid temperature of approximately 80 ° C, but bubbles slowly formed at 100 ° C, and bubbles were generated at 110 ° C. The onset was accelerated, and the volume decreased when the temperature exceeded 120 ° C, and at 130 ° C or more, the volume was reduced in a few seconds if the fragment was broken.

 The pet bottle softened at 80 ° C. High-pressure polyethylene softened above 105 ° C. The higher the temperature, the greater the rate of volume reduction and softening. Since the liquid used in the present invention is a liquid, its boiling point is the upper limit. The present invention includes heating to the boiling point to form steam, and applying it to waste material to rapidly reduce the volume. Styrofoam, PET bottles, and polyethylene containers, plates, tubes, sheets, non-woven fabrics, cloths, etc. can be reduced in volume and softened without pressure by applying a temperature of 130 ° C or higher. is there.

 PET bottles can greatly reduce transportation and storage costs by reducing the volume of bottles. The collected PET bottles are finally collected as chips by crushing and shredding, stored, and transported to the next destination. Therefore, it is desired to further reduce the chip size, but at present, the technology has not been developed. According to the present invention, the volume of the chip can be further reduced. That is, the chip has a length of about several mm to 2 cm, but by attaching it to a liquid heated to, for example, 130 to 170 in the present invention, it can be reduced to a fraction. Can be reduced in volume. In the experiments, the volume reduction rate was larger for the aggregate of small chips. This is due to the warpage of large chips. It is only necessary to pour the heating liquid into the chip assembly, and if the pressure is further increased, the volume can be greatly reduced.

At this time, instead of applying pressure after adding the heating liquid, pressure is applied to the chip assembly, and if the heating liquid is applied in that state, the volume of even a large chip can be reduced. The rate can be increased. Note that even if pressure is applied, the chips do not stick to each other if the melting point is lower than the melting point of polyethylene terephthalate.

 Here, general properties and effects of the diols and polyols used in the present invention will be described. Since diols and polyols are water-soluble and are not compatible with plastics, they have the advantage that they can be easily removed from plastic by washing with water, are highly safe, and do not require wastewater treatment of the washing liquid.

 Also, some diols and polyols have high boiling points, and if they are used, most plastic materials will be subject to volume reduction and softening.

 It should be further noted that diols and polyols generally have a high flash point, but the risk of ignition and explosion or fire is hardly at the temperature according to the present invention (most of them are Class 4 and 3 petroleums of the Fire Service Law). is there.

 Finally, the softened plastic material and the reduced foam material need to be centrifuged and strongly squeezed out with strong polar solutions such as diols and polyols by washing with water or applying pressure. is there. As a result, a plastic material / bottle with a small amount of solution mixed therein and a reduced-sized foam material can be obtained.

 Since foamed polyurethane is a thermosetting resin, it does not soften or shrink with a heated liquid. So far, no solution capable of reducing the volume and softening has been found. In addition, resilient, large-volume polyurethane foam is one of the most troublesome waste disposal challenges in the future.

The inventor has found that foaming polyurethane can be reduced in volume by heating the diol or polyol of the present invention to an appropriate temperature. The temperature of the solution must be 150 ° C or higher, below which the volume will not decrease or it will take a long time. On the other hand, depending on the type of solution and urethane, the decomposition of foamed polyurethane proceeds at a high temperature of 200 ° C or more in many solutions. Decomposition is slight in short time even at 200 ° C or higher, but when time-sensitive work is difficult, 150 ° C to 200 ° C (glycerol and polyalkylene glycol are Up to 230 ° C). Even if short-time work is possible, the upper limit is 230 ° C. However, it is also possible to obtain steam by heating it to the boiling point and then contact it for a short time to reduce it. it can. The advantage of using steam is that it requires only a small amount of liquid and does not easily decompose despite its strong capacity for volume reduction.

 According to experiments, soft urethane foam shrinks without decomposing when diethylene glycol is heated around 160 ° C and then immersed in it and applies compressive force. This phenomenon is called compression.) Diethylene glycol heated to 180 ° C reduced the volume to a fraction of that of a slightly harder, more resilient urethane foam when used together with pressure. mm). In the case of soft urethane foam, compression of propylene glycol occurred at about 180 ° C, but at the same time, decomposition took place in a very short time. Triethylene glycol was easily compressed when heated to around 180 ° C, but decomposed slightly. However, complete decomposition required a long time and a higher temperature.

 The pressure is preferably applied while in contact with the solution, but compression is possible even after contact if only a short time has elapsed. However, foamed polyurethane softened by contact with the heating liquid loses its elasticity and loses its restoring force, so that it can be compressed even after the elapse of time after contact.

 Therefore, in the case of soft urethane foam, compression is facilitated and decomposition is minimized by using a mixed solution of diol and polyalkylene glycol such as polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 200 or more. Is preferably as high as 180 ° C. to 200 ° C. A solution of a mixture of diethylene glycol and a half amount of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight: 200) showed little decomposition when heated to 180 ° C. In addition, glycerol, which is a triol, also has a weak contracting power, so it is desirable to use it as a liquid mixture with diol for the purpose of weakening the decomposition power.

 For highly resilient urethane foam, use diethylene glycol or triethylene daryl to select the optimal temperature between 170 ° C and 200 ° C depending on the urethane material, and press it. preferable.

 Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerin

When diols such as hexanediol and triol are used for volume reduction, polyurethane There is no problem even if the decomposition of the tin proceeds slightly when the tin is brought into contact with the hot solution. This is because the decomposed product is daricol as a raw material, and the volume-reduced solution containing the decomposed product can be used for regeneration of polyethylene. Therefore, when these diols and triols are used, the present invention can be said to be an epoch-making volume reduction method.

 The diol used in the present invention is defined as a compound having two alcoholic O H groups, and the polyol is defined as a compound having three or more O H groups. Diols include glycols and monoacylglycerols. Glycols are alkylene groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, and a butylene group with two OH groups.Specifically, ethylene glycol and its 2, 3, and 4 Diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, and the like, propylene glycol and its dimer and trimer dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, etc., and other butyl groups Butylene glycol, and methylene glycol trimethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol is highly toxic and unsuitable, so if it is used, it must be a closed system.

 Among them, diethylene glycol (boiling point: 244 ° C), trimethylene glycol (2144 ° C), triethylene glycol (287 ° C), tetraethylene glycol (3 (27 ° C), butylene glycol (235 ° C), dipropylene glycol (232 ° C), and tripropylene glycol (268 ° C) are highly safe for humans. Since it has a high flash point and is difficult to burn, it is suitable as the solution of the present invention. In addition, the boiling points of these solutions are high, and most plastic materials can be softened.

In addition, in the present invention, high molecular weight alkylene glycols, which are polymers of dalicols included in the diol, also have a reduced volume when heated. For example, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, etc. also reduce the size of the foam / plastic container and soften the plastic material. They are superior to other giols and triols in that they are less volatile at high temperatures. However, there is a drawback that it is too viscous to remove the adhering liquid. Polypropylene glycol is a liquid, but polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 1000 or more is a solid at room temperature. The following are preferred in terms of handling.

Among polyols, triol is also useful for volume reduction. Triols include glycerin, trimethylol ethane, trimethylolone propane, sonolevi tonole, mannitol, and other triols. These are solids, but become liquids when mixed with the other liquids of the present invention and heated. Trimethylolpropane has a melting point of 59 ° C, easily turns into a liquid by heating, and has a boiling point of 292 ° C, which makes it difficult to volatilize, further reducing human and environmental safety. There are advantages such as high. Glycerin is also highly safe for humans, has an extremely high flash point, and has low flammability.

 If ethylene dalicol is used for the bottle and the liquid for reducing the volume of the chip, washing can be eliminated. Since ethylene glycol is a raw material for pet bottles, the volume-reduced liquid after use can be incorporated into the recycling process for disassembling pet bottles.

 The apparatus for treating waste material of the present invention first requires an apparatus for heating the volume reducing solution to a predetermined temperature. In the case of a system for applying a liquid, that is, a method of applying a liquid, that is, a method of sprinkling, flowing in a shower shape, or a method of allowing the liquid to fall naturally, the heating device may be installed immediately before the liquid outlet. Further, the spraying method, that is, the method of spraying or spraying the liquid together with the high-pressure air may be provided immediately before the liquid outlet. If not immediately before, the pipe to the heating section and the outlet is preferably insulated so that heat does not escape. When a large tank is filled with a solution and waste material is put into the tank to heat the liquid in the tank, the tank can be heated directly or the tank and heating section can be circulated separately. In the tank type, either the waste material is immersed in a heated solution or the solution is heated after immersion. Preferably, the recovery device can be applied to various kinds of waste materials, and therefore, a device capable of further applying pressure is required.

 The pressure is generally a compressive force, and includes a piston method, a press method, and the like. It is efficient to apply the compressive force while immersing the volume-reduced material in the heating liquid or applying the heating liquid. However, the pressure may be immediately after removal from the soaked solution, immediately after applying the heating solution, or immediately after stopping the solution.

In the high-pressure spray and high-pressure injection methods described above, pressure is applied at the same time. No special pressurizing device is needed when pressure is weak enough to reduce the volume, as in the case of a 1-bar or pet bottle body.

 Finally, the reduced volume waste is collected. In the method in which the solution is sprinkled from above to reduce the dissolution, it is moved on a belt conveyor and placed in a collection box. In the tank type, a net basket is submerged in the tank, which is raised and collected in a basket.

 For heating, a method of heating the liquid with kerosene, propane gas, or city gas and an electric heating method are generally used, but the solutions of the present invention are all high-frequency induction heating, micro wave heating, Rapid heating is possible by ultrasonic heating, high frequency vibration heating, ultrasonic vibration heating, etc. Infrared heating and far infrared heating are also possible. In particular, high-frequency vibration heating and ultrasonic vibration heating are preferable because the equipment becomes compact and there is no danger of fire. Here, the ultrasonic heating means irradiating an ultrasonic wave of 16,000 Hz or more, but heating can be performed by high frequency vibration of several thousand Hz depending on irradiation time and intensity. Microwave heating, ultrasonic heating, and ultrasonic vibration heating have the advantage that the equipment is compact because there is no heat source and there is no danger of fire. The compaction of equipment using ultrasonic waves is particularly remarkable in systems in which liquid is sprinkled, sprayed, or sprayed. The reason is that the liquid temperature rises instantly if the ultrasonic wave is applied locally, so in these methods, it is sufficient to irradiate just before the nozzle, and the heating unit becomes compact.

 Hereinafter, a volume reducing / softening device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Fig. 1, the volume reduction tank 4 is divided into upper and lower parts, and there is a tank containing the volume reduction liquid 1 heated through a heater 8 at the upper part. 9 and pressurize it with a press 10 from above to reduce the volume while submerging the waste material in the liquid and sandwiching it between the flat nets 2. After reducing the volume, open valve 5 and drop the liquid into waste tank 3 at the bottom of the tank. The press again descends and squeezes the solution. The press is lifted up, then the net is also lifted up and the waste is collected. Activate the pump 6 and send the solution under the tank to the heater 8 to heat it. The heated liquid is poured into the tank from above the injection port 7, and new waste is put into the tank first. First, waste material is put into the tank, and then the liquid heated from above is sprayed from the injection port.

 Once the solution is in the bottle, it is difficult to drain the solution in the bottle after reducing the volume. In that case, you can make holes in the reduced volume bottle or cut several places to discharge the liquid.

 As shown in Fig. 2, the potters 16 are placed side by side, and pressurized from above while adding a heating liquid from the pores 14 to constrict. This method of laying the bottle on its side and compressing the entire body makes it difficult for the solution to enter the bottle and there is no need to align the bottle. More specifically, the volume reducing solution in the solution tank 18 is sent upward by the air compressor 19, heated by the ultrasonic heater 11, and injected into the space in the compressor. The solution emerges from the pores 14 below the compression surface 13, falls down, falls on the bottle 16, and falls down to the bottom plate 17. At the same time, the compression surface 13 is lowered, and the softened bottle is compressed downward. Next, remove the reduced pet bottle from above. The waste liquid from the drain 15 may be returned to the tank 18.

 As shown in Fig. 3 (a), the compressor is lowered so that the pet bottle is sent by the belt conveyor and only the mouth and bottom of the pet bottle are crushed at the same time. At this time, the heated solution 21 is sprinkled from the hole on the bottom of the compressor. For heating, an ultrasonic heater 11 is provided immediately before the liquid is injected into the compression plate 10. In the case of a pet bottle, the middle part of the bottle shrinks only by the application of the solution, even if no pressure is applied, so that it comes into contact with the heated solution, and if pressure is applied, the mouth and bottom are also pressed. Can be flattened. At this time, since the middle part shrinks, a greater volume reduction rate can be obtained than with pressure alone. The bottom surface may be flat as shown in Fig. 3 (b). This can be applied to styrofoam.

 There are various methods to select one from a set of bottles, but the belt conveyor method often used in factories is the simplest.

In a recovery device designed to perform separation, the foamed material and the plastic material are placed in the container containing the solution without distinction, and the heated solution is sprayed on them, Sorting based on weight, fluidity, and size allows for separate collection naturally. In the tank type, as shown in Fig. 4, most of the plastics 9 except petroleum chloride and polyester (Pet bottles float because there is always air inside, but sink when filled completely with solution) are diols It can be collected by pulling it up diagonally upward on conveyor 25 as it is in contact with the surface of the building by buoyancy.

 Collection equipment will be installed at supermarkets, convenience stores, or municipal collection points. Waste plastic materials collected from these collection sites are collected by municipalities and waste disposal companies. At this time, the pickup price is determined according to the weight. Therefore, according to the present invention, a large amount of waste plastic can be transported at one time because the degree of reduction of the waste plastic material is large, and therefore, more profits can be obtained for the carrier in one recovery.

 The reduced volume of styrofoam obtained by the method of the present invention is obtained by removing the attached liquid by washing with water, and then drying it to obtain a pellet of an appropriate size (at the stage of styrofoam, If the volume is reduced to an appropriate size, it is possible that each pellet will have an appropriate pellet at the time of volume reduction), and it will be possible to obtain polystyrene again by using an extrusion molding machine under reduced pressure. it can. If the temperature of the volume-reducing liquid does not exceed 200 ° C, thermal denaturation is unlikely to occur, and polystyrene with good physical properties is regenerated.

 When a plastic reduced in volume according to the present invention or a plastic before volume reduction is mixed in a diol or a polyol, a container, a plate, a sheet, a nonwoven fabric, or the like such as styrene foam and polyethylene or polypropylene floats on the liquid surface. Pet bottles, polyester or PVC plates, sheets, etc., which are destroyed and filled with solution, sink to the bottom. Therefore, first, a force for scooping styrofoam, polyethylene, polypropylene and the like is poured out and taken out, and then polyester and bichloride are taken out, and these can be separated.

Next, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the softening and volume reducing solution (each of which may be mixed with a reducing solution to give characteristics) is set to about 130 to 200 ° C. Is good. This temperature increases the processing speed and increases the amount of plastics 4 That's why. Next, put a container such as a piece of foam material or plastic material, or a bottle in the same container or in a separate container, and stir or push the fragment into the solution to make sufficient contact with the liquid. . At this time, applying pressure can speed up the volume reduction. Applying strong pressure can increase the volume reduction rate and further increase the processing speed.

 When the volume is reduced, remove it with a net and transfer the liquid to another tank.Reduce the volume remaining on the bottom net. * Wash the foam material ゃ plastic material with water or transfer it to a compressor to apply even stronger pressure. In addition, squeeze out the liquid. If final cleaning is required, flush the solution with water. In addition to mere washing, jet cleaning and ultrasonic cleaning may be performed. Next, the removed foam and plastic materials are dried. After this, the reduced plastic material is finely cut by a cutting machine.

 As mentioned earlier, in order to reduce the volume of foams, bottles, containers, bulky sheets and non-woven fabrics as much as possible, compression by a compressor is also used. If the pressure is increased, the liquid inside can be squeezed out.

 The volume-reducing softening liquid does not need to be used alone, and may be used as a mixture in consideration of flammability, fluidity, boiling point, difficulty of heating, target plastic, and the like.

 According to the present invention, most plastics other than the thermosetting resin can be reduced in volume or softened by increasing the temperature and combining the compressive force. If limited to polystyrene foam, water bottles, polyethylene containers, etc., the volume can be reduced or softened even at a relatively low temperature. In addition, PET bottles can be used as a raw material for polyester to reduce the volume of foamed polyurethane, and the reduced volume at that time can be used as a raw material for polyurethane.

 According to the recycling system, the collection price is determined according to the weight of the waste plastic material collected by the above-mentioned collection device.

In addition, according to the recycling system, waste plastic members such as foam materials, plastic containers, pet bottles, or plastic materials are collected, and the volume is reduced or softened as described above. Remanufactured products are made from the recycled blasting materials. (5) Extrusion molding using a waste plastic member such as a foam material, plastic container, plastic bottle, or plastic material treated by the above-mentioned volume reduction or softening method and the above-mentioned recovery device and equipped with a decompression device in a cylinder It is molded by a press or an injection molding machine.

 Mix the diol or polyol with plastic waste and separate them into those at the liquid surface and those that sink into the liquid or at the bottom, and then collect each.

 Example 1

 Propylene grease 100 m1 was heated by microwave in a microwave oven (500 W) for 2 minutes. At that time, the liquid temperature was 120. The styrofoam fragments were put into it, and they were pushed into the solution with a stick and pressure was applied.

 Example 2

 The mixture was heated in a microwave oven using 100 ml of Glyceronore, and cooled to a liquid temperature of 125 to 150. The volume was reduced to the same nucleus as in Example 1.

 Example 3

 Dipropylene glycol 10 O ml, heated in a microwave for 1 minute, 130

° C, and put a small piece of styrofoam there to reduce the volume.

 Example 4

 100 ml of polypropylene glycol (molecular weight: 300) was heated to 130 ° C. in a microwave oven, and a small piece of styrofoam was put therein to reduce the volume.

 Example 5

 Polyethylene glycol (molecular weight: 400) 100 m1 is heated in a microwave oven

The temperature was set to 170 ° C, and a small piece of styrofoam was put therein, and the volume was reduced instantaneously.

 Example 6

 100 ml of polypropylene glycol (molecular weight: 400,000) was heated in a microwave oven for 2 minutes to a temperature of 185, and a small piece of styrofoam was added thereto, and the volume was reduced instantaneously. In addition, 10 g of polyethylene block was softened.

 Example 7

Soft foamed polyurethane in diethylene glycol (170 ° C) heated electrically 6 and left for 5 minutes to soften. Next, the liquid was transferred to another container and pressed from above to reduce the volume of the flexible urethane foam. Also, 10 g of polypropylene was softened.

 Example 8

 To 25 g of trimethylolethane powder, 30 g of triethylene dalicol was added, and the mixture was heated to 130 ° C by heating with a hot plate. Styrofoam fragments were put into this solution to reduce the volume.

 Example 9

 A mixture of 1 O ml of diethylene glycol and 1 O ml of triethylene glycol was heated to 18 in a microwave oven, and the foamed polyurethane was softened by pouring it for about 1 minute, then removed, and the absorbent was pressed down and removed. . This one did not reappear, and the volume was reduced.

 Example 10

 Approximately 50 m1 of propylene glycol and dipropylene glycol are each placed in a US 100 (45 kHz) ultrasonic cleaner manufactured by GL Sciences, and irradiated with ultrasonic waves to adjust the temperature of the irradiated part to 110 ° C. However, a piece of styrofoam was placed in the center of the irradiated area to reduce the volume.

 Example 11

 140 for triethylene dali coal. As C, the styrofoam pieces were reduced to 1/30 in 10 seconds.

 Example 1 2

 Polyethylene dalicol (molecular weight: 600) is placed in a 50 O ml beaker, the liquid temperature is set to 160 ° C, and a hard PET bottle for carbonated drinks is set up in the beaker. Allowed.

 Example 13

Diethylene glycol was placed in a beaker, heated in a microwave oven (500 W) to about 170 ° C., and about 10 cm ³ of foamed polyurethane was put therein. After swelling for a while, it softened in a few minutes, so it was taken out, placed on water-absorbent paper and pressed from above to reduce the volume, and did not swell again.

Example 14 7. Add 20 ml of tetraethylene glycol to 20 ml of diethylene glycol, mix, and heat to 180 ° C in a microwave oven. There, about 10 cm ³ of foamed polyurethane was put. As in Example 14, softening was performed in 1 to 2 minutes, and the volume was reduced by pressing.

 Example 15

 Tetraethylene dalicol was heated to 180, and the foamed polyurethane was softened in the same manner and reduced by applying pressure.

 Example 16

 Two 5 x 5 x 5 cm cubes of iron were prepared, tied to a tree, and a wooden mouth was attached in the center. Next, triethylene glycol heated to 180 ° C was placed on a side-walled bottle to reduce the size of the middle part, and the mouth and bottom were sufficiently filled with liquid to soften the mouth. The compressor was pressed against the bottom by pressing the compressor with the rod in hand.

 Example 17

 Tetraethylene glycol was heated to 170 ° C, and the carbonated beverage pot was laid sideways, and the heated liquid was poured from above and compressed by applying pressure from above on a melamine plate. The mouth and bottom of the PET bottle are extremely hard and cannot be crushed by pressure alone. However, while the liquid at 170 ° C was applied, the mouth and bottom could be crushed simply by pressing with human hands from above. A pet bottle with a diameter of 7 cm, a length of 21 cm, and a mouth diameter of 3 cm was reduced to a flat plate having a thickness of 1 cm and a length of 13 cm. This volume reduction rate is superior to any other volume reduction method.

 Example 18

Heating tetraethylene dalicol to 170 ° C and applying it to styrofoam resulted in a rapid volume reduction without pressure. In general, if the liquid is heated to 130 ° C or higher, no pressure is required to reduce the volume of styrofoam. Industrial applicability 8 The most suitable objects for the present invention are styrofoam and polyethylene foam in the case of foam materials. For containers, it can be applied to pet bottles, polyethylene containers, polypropylene containers, and PVC containers. In addition, it is easy to soften plastics such as polyethylene, PVC, polypropylene, and polyester plates, tubes, sheets, nonwoven fabrics, cloths, and fiber bundles. The system can be applied to a recycling system that collects waste plastic materials such as foam materials, plastic containers, pet bottles, and plastic materials, and uses recycled plastic materials as raw materials to produce products. These are the most in demand in modern society.

Claims

The scope of the claims 1. Heat a diol or polyol solution or a mixture thereof to a predetermined temperature, and contact a foaming material, a plastic container or a plastic material with the heated solution to reduce or soften the volume, simultaneously or later, with the foaming material, A method for collecting waste materials collected from plastic containers or plastic materials.  2. While the diol or polyol solution or a mixture thereof is in contact with the foaming material, plastic container or plastic material, or while the solution is heated, the solution is heated to reduce or soften the volume. Or, a method of collecting waste material by collecting the foamed material, plastic container or plastic material later.  3. The method for collecting waste material according to claim 1, wherein a pressure is applied at the time of or immediately after the contact.  3. The method for recovering waste materials according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the solution is heated to a temperature within a range from 80 ° C. or higher to a boiling point.  5. The foam material is foamed polystyrene or foamed polyethylene, and the plastic container is a container made of polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyvinyl chloride, or a pet bottle, and the plastic material is 3. The method for recovering waste material according to claim 1, wherein the material is a plate, a tube, a sheet, a nonwoven fabric, a cloth, a fiber bundle, or the like made of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyester.  6. The solution according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the solution is in a range from 130 ° C. or higher to a boiling point, and the waste material is a styrene foam, a pet bottle or a container made of polyethylene. Method of collecting waste materials described in 2.  7. The method for collecting waste material according to claim 1, wherein the plastic material is a chip obtained by crushing or shredding a pet bottle.  8. The method for recovering waste material according to claim 1, wherein the foaming material is foamed polyurethane, and the solution temperature is from 150 ° C. or higher to a boiling point. 9. The solution is a diol or triol, a raw material for polyurethane. 3. The method for recovering waste materials according to claim 1, wherein:  10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the diol is glycols or monoacylglycerol.  11. The method for recovering waste materials according to claim 10, wherein the dalicols are alkylenedaricols or a polymer thereof.  12. The alkylene glycols are diethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene dalichol, butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, or tripropylene glycol. 11. The method for collecting waste material according to claim 11.  13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the polymer is polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol.  14. The method for recovering waste material according to claim 1, wherein the polyol is a triol.  15. The method for collecting waste material according to claim 11, wherein the triol is glycerin or trimethylolpropane.  16. The waste material according to claim 1, wherein the waste material is a bottle or a chip obtained by crushing or shredding a bottle, and the solution is ethylene glycol. Collection method.  17. A heating device for heating the diol or polyol to a predetermined temperature, and contacting, dipping, spraying, or spraying the heated solution with a foaming material, a plastic container, or a plastic material to reduce and soften the volume. A waste material recovery device comprising: a volume reducing / softening means for collecting the foamed material, a plastic container, or a collecting means for collecting the plastic material.  18. The waste material recovery device according to claim 17, further comprising a pressurizer for applying pressure to the foam material, the plastic container, or the plastic material. 19. The heating device is characterized in that it is configured by one or a combination of an induction heating device, a microwave heating device, an ultrasonic heating device, a high-frequency vibration heating device, and an ultrasonic vibration heating device. Item 17. A waste material recovery device according to Item 17. Two 20. The waste material is a pot pottle, and there is a means to select one from the aggregate, and then the heated liquid is naturally dropped from the bottom of the press, sprayed, sprayed, etc. to remove the waste material. 18. The waste material recovery device according to claim 17, wherein a structure is provided in which at least both the mouth and the bottom of the pet bottle come into contact with each other and a compressive force is applied. 2 1. There is a volume reduction liquid in the tank, and the waste material is put into the tank to reduce the volume, or the waste material whose volume is decreasing is floated on the liquid surface by buoyancy, and the reduced volume waste material is lifted diagonally upward. 18. The processing apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the processing apparatus is provided with a structure for scooping. 22. A volume-reducing or softening liquid made of a diol or polyol solution or a mixture thereof and heated to a temperature of 80 to 200 ° C and below.  23. A volume reduction or softening solution of styrofoam or polyethylene products consisting of a diol or polyol solution or a mixture thereof and heated to 130 ° C or more and 200 ° C or less.  24. A volume reducing or softening solution of foamed polyurethane heated to a temperature of 150 ° C or higher and 230 ° C or lower, wherein the solution is a diol or a triol as a raw material of the polyurethane. 25. A volume-reduced or softened solution of a bottle or its tip heated to a temperature of 80 ° C or more and 190 ° C or less, wherein the solution is ethylene glycol.  23. A waste material recovery system in which the collection price is determined according to the weight of the waste plastic member recovered by the waste material recovery method according to claim 1 or 2. 24. A method for recycling styrofoam, wherein the styrofoam collected by the method for collecting waste material according to claim 1 or 2 is washed or dried as necessary to obtain a styrene product by a reduced-pressure molding machine.  25. A method of separating and collecting plastic waste materials by mixing diols or polyols and waste materials, separating them into those that are on the liquid surface and those that sink in the liquid or at the bottom, and then recovering each.