WO2003036191A1 - Refrigerating head for a low temperature refrigerating machine - Google Patents
Refrigerating head for a low temperature refrigerating machine Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003036191A1 WO2003036191A1 PCT/EP2002/008738 EP0208738W WO03036191A1 WO 2003036191 A1 WO2003036191 A1 WO 2003036191A1 EP 0208738 W EP0208738 W EP 0208738W WO 03036191 A1 WO03036191 A1 WO 03036191A1
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- Prior art keywords
- displacer
- cold
- cold head
- throttle device
- refrigerating
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/006—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using a distributing valve of the rotary type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/12—Sound
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cold head for a low-temperature refrigerator, with at least one displacer, which is displaceable in a corresponding housing part by a piston-cylinder unit.
- WO 94/29653 describes a cold head for a low-temperature refrigeration machine.
- the cold head is operated with helium as the working gas and it is connected to a high pressure source and a low pressure source.
- the cold head contains a multi-channel control valve, which controls the connection of a high-pressure inlet and a low-pressure inlet, each with a piston-cylinder unit and with a warm-side working area of the cold finger.
- the displacer which can contain a regenerator, delimits a warm-side working space at one end and a cold-side working space at the opposite end. As the displacer is periodically moved back and forth by the piston-cylinder unit, heat is constantly extracted from the housing of the cold head. With.
- thermodynamic cycle (Stirling process or Gifford-McMahon process) is carried out in the cold head with the process gas, usually helium, with the process gas being conducted in a closed cycle. The result is that heat is extracted from one end region of the housing enclosing the displacer.
- a problem with cold heads is their vibration behavior. Since the process gas passes through different states of temperature and density during the treatment, vibrations of the gas flow can be generated by different components under certain operating conditions. Such vibrations are very harmful. They can lead to damage to the cold head, impair the cooling capacity and cause annoying noise. As a result of the increased wear, the service life is reduced. The vibrations are difficult to control through design measures, because they often only occur under very specific operating conditions and also only temporarily. It must be taken into account that a regenerator contained in the cold head displacer assumes a lower temperature from cycle to cycle during the start-up phase of the cold head and then passes this lower temperature on in the next cycle, where the temperature is reduced again. This creates different volume inflow ratios from cycle to cycle, which also changes the mass flow rates.
- EP 0 160 808 B1 specifies various approaches for eliminating the vibration problem.
- a damping device can be provided which dampens the transmission of shock-like rhythmic vibrations to devices connected to the refrigerator. It has also been proposed to hang the cold head displacer on both sides in springs which form a mass-spring system, which, however, reduces the working space. Another proposal is to use trapped gas as a shock absorber. In the document mentioned, it is finally proposed to assign a fitting to the displacer in the region of its cold end *, which is guided so as to be displaceable in the axial direction and which can be displaced in the axial direction with respect to the displacer.
- the invention has for its object to provide a cold head with which vibrations can be eliminated in a simple manner.
- At least one of the lines of the distributor body contains an adjustable or replaceable throttle device.
- the throttle device is provided in the control line.
- a substantial part of the vibrations that occur is caused by interaction with the control line.
- a change in the flow cross section of this control line can eliminate the vibration problem in most cases.
- the vibration can tion behavior can be significantly reduced.
- it can be achieved that the remaining vibrations have a uniform vibration spectrum over the entire cooling operation and all operating states.
- the dimensioning of the throttle device depends on numerous parameters, namely on the details of the design of the cold head, on the gas used and on the respective operating state according to pressure and temperature.
- the throttle device is expediently dimensioned or adjusted empirically by selecting a different throttle cross section when vibrations occur until the vibrations disappear or are reduced to an acceptable level.
- the throttle device can consist, for example, of an insert which is inserted into the line in question, inserts with different throttle cross sections being available. It is also possible to use a throttle device in which the passage cross section can be changed step by step or continuously.
- the throttle device has an adjusting element that can be actuated from the outside. This means that the throttle cross-section of the control line can also be changed while the cold head is in operation without the need for disassembly.
- the cold head 1 has a housing which consists of the two housing parts 2 and 3. In the housing part 2, two cylindrical cold-side working spaces 4 and 5 for the two displacement stages 6 and 7 are accommodated.
- the upper displacement stage 6 delimits a warm-side work space 14 and it is equipped with a drive piston 8, which is accommodated in a cylinder 9 of a distributor body 10.
- the distribution body 10 delimits the warm-side working space 14. It is equipped with bores which form a control line 12 and further lines 11 and 13.
- the line 11 opens into the working space 4 and serves to supply this space with the working gas. All three lines are controlled by the control valve 19.
- the line 11 connects the control valve 19 to the warm-side working space 14, the control line 12 connects the valve 19 to the cylinder 9 and the line 13 connects the valve 19 to a low-pressure connection 22.
- the control valve 19 is also connected to a space 24, which is connected to a high pressure connection 21.
- the high-pressure connection 21 supplies helium gas at a pressure of approximately 20 bar, while helium is present at the low-pressure connection 21 at a pressure of approximately 5 bar.
- both pressures are supplied to corresponding (not shown) connections of the control valve 19. All lines lead into the top of the distributor body 10 and from there to the valve 19.
- a motor 17 is housed, which drives the control valve 19 via a shaft 18. This is under the action of a compression spring 20.
- the process gas which is subjected to the thermodynamic cycle and the drive gas for the piston-cylinder unit 8, 9 are identical. Helium is expediently used. One can also. use a gas other than the process gas as the drive gas.
- the displacer stage 6 has in the cylindrical working space 4 a tubular displacer 26 which is filled with a thermal regenerator 28 which is permeable to gas.
- the regenerator 28 serves to store the cold and to release stored cold to the inflowing warm gas.
- the displacer stage 7, which has a smaller diameter than the displacer stage 6, contains a tubular displacer 26a which can be displaced axially in the cylindrical working space 5, which is connected to the displacer 26 and is also filled with a gas-permeable regenerator 30.
- the control line 12 contains a throttle device 31, the cross section of which can be reduced to a smaller extent than the cross section of the control line 12.
- the throttle device 31 has an adjusting element 32, which is arranged here inside the distributor body 10. By opening the housing of the cold head, the adjusting member 32 is accessible, so that the throttle cross section can be adjusted manually. In another (not shown) embodiment, the adjusting member 32 is accessible on the outside of the housing. The throttle cross-section can also be adjusted while the cold head is in operation.
- the warm-side working space 14 is first connected to the high-pressure connection 21 via the line 11 and the control valve 19. At the same time, the high pressure is let into cylinder 9 via control line 12. The displacers 26 and 26a are shifted to the cold side (downward). The high pressure gas also flows through the regenerators 28 and 30 to the cold side. It relaxes with cooling, with further relaxation by heat exchange with the regenerators.
- control line 12 is connected to the low pressure connection.
- the displacers 26 and 26a are shifted toward the warm side, so that the warm-side working space 14 is reduced and gas flows through the regenerators 28 and 30 into the cold-side working space 5.
- control valve 19 causes the working space 14 to be connected to the low-pressure connection 22 via the line 11.
- the gas relaxes in all work rooms of the cold head while cooling.
- the displacers 26 and 26a are then moved to the cold side in a fourth phase, as a result of which the volume of the cold-side working space 5 is reduced in order to be prepared for the next cycle.
- the cold gas flows from the working space 5 into the regenerators 30 and 28, which are further cooled as a result.
- the frequency of the described working cycle is approximately 2 Hz.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Kaltkopf für eine Tieftemperatur-Kältemaschine Cold head for a low-temperature chiller
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kaltkopf für eine Tieftemperatur- Kältemaschine, mit mindestens einem Verdränger, der in einem entsprechenden Gehäuseteil durch eine Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit verschiebbar ist.The invention relates to a cold head for a low-temperature refrigerator, with at least one displacer, which is displaceable in a corresponding housing part by a piston-cylinder unit.
WO 94/29653 beschreibt einen Kaltkopf für eine Tieftempratur- Kältemaschine. Der Kaltkopf wird mit Helium als Arbeitsgas betrieben und er wird an einer Hochdruckquelle und einer Niederdruckquelle angeschlossen. Der Kaltkopf enthält ein mehr- kanaliges Steuerventil, das die Verbindung eines Hochdruck-Einlasses und eines Niederdruck-Einlasses jeweils mit einer Kσl- ben-Zylinder-Einheit und mit einem warmseitigen Arbeitsraum des Kaltfingers steuert. Der Verdränger, der einen Regenerator enthalten kann, begrenzt an seinem einen Ende einen warmseitigen Arbeitsraum und am gegenüberliegenden Ende einen kaltseitigen Arbeitsraum. Während der Verdränger durch die Kolben-Zylinder- Einheit periodisch hin- und herbewegt wird, wird dem Gehäuse des Kaltkopfs ständig Wärme entzogen. Mit. einem Kaltkopf mit einstufigem Verdränger lassen sich Temperaturen bis herunter zu etwas 30 K erzeugen. Mit zwei- oder dreistufigen Verdrängern können Temperaturen bis unter 10 K erzeugt werden. In dem Kaltkopf wird mit dem Prozessgas, in der Regel Helium, ein ther o- dynamischer Kreisprozess (Stirling Prozess) oder Gifford- McMahon-Prozess) durchgeführt, wobei das Prozessgas in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf geführt wird. Die Folge ist, dass dem einen Endbereich des den Verdränger umschließenden Gehäuses Wärme entzogen wird.WO 94/29653 describes a cold head for a low-temperature refrigeration machine. The cold head is operated with helium as the working gas and it is connected to a high pressure source and a low pressure source. The cold head contains a multi-channel control valve, which controls the connection of a high-pressure inlet and a low-pressure inlet, each with a piston-cylinder unit and with a warm-side working area of the cold finger. The displacer, which can contain a regenerator, delimits a warm-side working space at one end and a cold-side working space at the opposite end. As the displacer is periodically moved back and forth by the piston-cylinder unit, heat is constantly extracted from the housing of the cold head. With. a cold head with single-stage displacer, temperatures down to around 30 K can be generated. With two or three stage displacers, temperatures down to 10 K can be generated. A thermodynamic cycle (Stirling process or Gifford-McMahon process) is carried out in the cold head with the process gas, usually helium, with the process gas being conducted in a closed cycle. The result is that heat is extracted from one end region of the housing enclosing the displacer.
Eine Schwierigkeit bei Kaltköpfen bildet deren Vibrationsverhalten. Da das Prozessgas während der Behandlung unterschiedliche Zustände von Temperatur- und Dichte durchläuft, können durch verschiedene Komponenten unter bestimmten Betriebsbedingungen Vibrationen der Gasströmung erzeugt werden. Solche Vibrationen sind sehr schädlich. Sie können zu Beschädigungen an dem Kaltkopf führen, beeinträchtigen die Kälteleistung und bewirken eine störende Geräuschentwicklung. Infolge des erhöhten Verschleißes wird die Lebensdauer verringert. Die Vibrationen sind durch konstruktive Maßnahmen schwer beherrschbar, weil sie oft nur bei ganz bestimmten Betriebsbedingungen und auch nur vorübergehend auftreten. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass ein in dem Verdränger des Kaltkopfes enthaltener Regenerator während der Anlaufphase des Kaltkopfes von Zyklus zu Zyklus eine niedrigere Temperatur annimmt und diese niedrigere Temperatur dann im nächsten Zyklus weitergibt, wo eine nochmalige Temperaturabsenkung erfolgt. Dadurch entstehen von Zyklus zu Zyklus andere Volumeneinströmverhältnisse, wodurch sich auch die Massendurchsätze ändern. Vibrationen können somit auch schwer vorherbestimmt werden und auch zeitlich begrenzt auftreten. In EP 0 160 808 Bl sind verschiedene Ansätze zur Beseitigung des Vibrationsproblems angegeben. So kann eine Dämpfungsvorrichtung vorgesehen sein, die die Übertragung stoßartiger rhythmischer Erschütterungen auf mit der Kältemaschine verbundene Geräte dämpft. Ferner wurde vorgeschlagen, den Verdränger des Kaltkopfs beidseitig in Federn aufzuhängen, die ein Masse-Federsystem bilden, wodurch allerdings die Arbeitsräume verkleinert werden. Ein weiterer Vorschlag ist darauf gerichtet, eingefangenes Gas als Stoßdämpfer zu benutzen. In dem genannten Dokument wird schließlich vorgeschlagen, dem Verdränger im Bereich seines kalten Endes ein Passstück zuzuordnen*, welches in axialer Richtung verschiebbar geführt ist und das gegenüber dem Verdränger in axialer Richtung verschiebbar ist.A problem with cold heads is their vibration behavior. Since the process gas passes through different states of temperature and density during the treatment, vibrations of the gas flow can be generated by different components under certain operating conditions. Such vibrations are very harmful. They can lead to damage to the cold head, impair the cooling capacity and cause annoying noise. As a result of the increased wear, the service life is reduced. The vibrations are difficult to control through design measures, because they often only occur under very specific operating conditions and also only temporarily. It must be taken into account that a regenerator contained in the cold head displacer assumes a lower temperature from cycle to cycle during the start-up phase of the cold head and then passes this lower temperature on in the next cycle, where the temperature is reduced again. This creates different volume inflow ratios from cycle to cycle, which also changes the mass flow rates. Vibrations can therefore be difficult to predict and also occur for a limited time. EP 0 160 808 B1 specifies various approaches for eliminating the vibration problem. For example, a damping device can be provided which dampens the transmission of shock-like rhythmic vibrations to devices connected to the refrigerator. It has also been proposed to hang the cold head displacer on both sides in springs which form a mass-spring system, which, however, reduces the working space. Another proposal is to use trapped gas as a shock absorber. In the document mentioned, it is finally proposed to assign a fitting to the displacer in the region of its cold end *, which is guided so as to be displaceable in the axial direction and which can be displaced in the axial direction with respect to the displacer.
Alle diese Lösungen führen zu einem erheblichen Aufwand unter Verwendung von Federn, die ebenfalls den variierenden Gastemperaturen ausgesetzt sind und somit ihre Kennwerte verändern.All of these solutions lead to considerable expenditure using springs, which are also exposed to the varying gas temperatures and thus change their characteristic values.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Kaltkopf zu schaffen, mit dem Vibrationen auf einfache Weise eliminiert werden können.The invention has for its object to provide a cold head with which vibrations can be eliminated in a simple manner.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1. Hiernach enthält mindestens eine der Leitungen des Verteilerkörpers eine verstellbare oder auswechselbare Drosseleinrichtung.This object is achieved according to the invention with the features of claim 1. According to this, at least one of the lines of the distributor body contains an adjustable or replaceable throttle device.
Vorzugsweise ist die Drosseleinrichtung " in der Steuerleitung vorgesehen. Ein wesentlicher Teil der auftretenden Vibrationen entsteht durch ein Zusammenwirken mit der Steuerleitung. Eine Veränderung des Durchflussquerschnitts dieser Steuerleitung kann das Vibrationsproblem in den meisten Fällen beseitigen. Durch das Einbringen der Drosseleinrichtung kann das Vibra- tionsverhalten in erheblichem Maße reduziert werden. Gleichzeitig- kann erreicht werden, dass die verbleibenden Vibrationen ein einheitliches Vibrationsspektrum über den gesamten Einkühlbetrieb und sämtliche Betriebszustände haben.Preferably, the throttle device "is provided in the control line. A substantial part of the vibrations that occur is caused by interaction with the control line. A change in the flow cross section of this control line can eliminate the vibration problem in most cases. By introducing the throttle device, the vibration can tion behavior can be significantly reduced. At the same time, it can be achieved that the remaining vibrations have a uniform vibration spectrum over the entire cooling operation and all operating states.
Die Bemessung der Drosseleinrichtung hängt von zahlreichen Parametern ab, nämlich von den Einzelheiten der konstruktiven Ausführung des Kaltkopfes, von dem verwendeten Gas und von dem jeweiligen Betriebszustand nach Druck und Temperatur. Zweckmäßigerweise erfolgt die Bemessung oder Einstellung der Drosseleinrichtung empirisch, in dem bei Auftreten von Vibrationen ein anderer Drosselquerschnitt gewählt wird, bis die Vibrationen verschwinden oder auf ein akzeptables Maß herabgesetzt sind.The dimensioning of the throttle device depends on numerous parameters, namely on the details of the design of the cold head, on the gas used and on the respective operating state according to pressure and temperature. The throttle device is expediently dimensioned or adjusted empirically by selecting a different throttle cross section when vibrations occur until the vibrations disappear or are reduced to an acceptable level.
Die Drosseleinrichtung kann beispielsweise aus einem Einsatz bestehen, der in die betreffende Leitung eingesetzt wird, wobei Einsätze mit unterschiedlichen Drosselquerschnitten zur Verfügung stehen. Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, eine Drosseleinrichtung zu verwenden, bei der der Durchlassquerschnitt schrittweise oder kontinuierlich verändert werden kann.The throttle device can consist, for example, of an insert which is inserted into the line in question, inserts with different throttle cross sections being available. It is also possible to use a throttle device in which the passage cross section can be changed step by step or continuously.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Drosseleinrichtung ein von außen zu betätigendes Verstellorgan aufweist. Dies bedeutet, dass der Drosselquerschnitt der Steuerleitung auch während des Betriebes des Kaltkopfes verändert werden kann, ohne dass eine Demontage erforderlich ist.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the throttle device has an adjusting element that can be actuated from the outside. This means that the throttle cross-section of the control line can also be changed while the cold head is in operation without the need for disassembly.
Im folgenden wird unter Bezugnahme auf die einzige Figur der Zeichnung ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung ist ein Kaltkopf für eine Tieftemperatur-Kältemaschine schematisch im Längsschnitt dargestellt.In the following an embodiment of the invention will be explained with reference to the single figure of the drawing. In the drawing, a cold head for a cryogenic refrigerator is shown schematically in longitudinal section.
Der Kaltkopf 1 hat ein Gehäuse, welches aus den beiden Gehäuseteilen 2 und 3 besteht. Im Gehäuseteil 2 sind zwei zylindrische kaltseitige Arbeitsräume 4 und 5 für die beiden Verdrängerstufen 6 und 7 untergebracht.The cold head 1 has a housing which consists of the two housing parts 2 and 3. In the housing part 2, two cylindrical cold-side working spaces 4 and 5 for the two displacement stages 6 and 7 are accommodated.
Die obere Verdrängerstufe 6 begrenzt einen warmseitigen Arbeitstraum 14 und sie ist mit einem Antriebskolben 8 ausgerüstet, der in einem Zylinder 9 eines Verteilkörpers 10 untergebracht ist. Der Verteilkörper 10 begrenzt den warmseitigen Arbeitsraum 14. Er ist mit Bohrungen ausgestattet, die eine Steuerleitung 12 sowie weitere Leitungen 11 und 13 bilden. Die Leitung 11 mündet in den Arbeitsraum 4 und dient der Versorgung dieses Raumes mit dem Arbeitsgas. Alle drei Leitungen werden von dem Steuerventil 19 gesteuert. Die Leitung 11 verbindet das Steuerventil 19 mit dem warmseitigen Arbeitsraum 14, die Steuerleitung 12 verbindet das Ventil 19 mit dem Zylinder 9 und die Leitung 13 verbindet das Ventil 19 mit einem Niederdruck- anschluss 22. Das Steuerventil 19 ist ferner mit einem Raum 24 verbunden, der mit einem Hochdruck-Anschluss 21 in Verbindung steht. Der Hochdruck-Anschluss 21 liefert Helium-Gas mit einem Druck von ca. 20 bar, während an dem Niederdruck-Anschluss 21 Helium mit einem Druck von etwa 5 bar ansteht. Durch den Raum 24 bzw. die Leitung 13 werden beide Drücke entsprechenden (nicht dargestellten) Anschlüssen des Steuerventils 19 zugeführt. Sämtliche Leitungen führen in die Oberseite des Verteilkörpers 10 und von dort zu dem Ventil 19. In dem Gehäuseteil 3 ist ein Motor 17 untergebracht, der über eine Welle 18 das Steuerventil 19 antreibt. Dieses steht unter der Wirkung einer Druckfeder 20.The upper displacement stage 6 delimits a warm-side work space 14 and it is equipped with a drive piston 8, which is accommodated in a cylinder 9 of a distributor body 10. The distribution body 10 delimits the warm-side working space 14. It is equipped with bores which form a control line 12 and further lines 11 and 13. The line 11 opens into the working space 4 and serves to supply this space with the working gas. All three lines are controlled by the control valve 19. The line 11 connects the control valve 19 to the warm-side working space 14, the control line 12 connects the valve 19 to the cylinder 9 and the line 13 connects the valve 19 to a low-pressure connection 22. The control valve 19 is also connected to a space 24, which is connected to a high pressure connection 21. The high-pressure connection 21 supplies helium gas at a pressure of approximately 20 bar, while helium is present at the low-pressure connection 21 at a pressure of approximately 5 bar. Through the space 24 or the line 13, both pressures are supplied to corresponding (not shown) connections of the control valve 19. All lines lead into the top of the distributor body 10 and from there to the valve 19. In the housing part 3, a motor 17 is housed, which drives the control valve 19 via a shaft 18. This is under the action of a compression spring 20.
Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind das Prozessgas, das dem thermodynamischen Kreisprozess unterworfen ist und das Antriebsgas für die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit 8,9 identisch. Zweckmäßig wird Helium eingesetzt. Man kann auch. als Antriebsgas ein anderes Gas als das Prozessgas benutzen.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the process gas which is subjected to the thermodynamic cycle and the drive gas for the piston-cylinder unit 8, 9 are identical. Helium is expediently used. One can also. use a gas other than the process gas as the drive gas.
Die Verdrängerstufe 6 weist in dem zylindrischen Arbeitsraum 4 einen rohrförmigen Verdränger 26 auf, der mit einem thermischen Regenerator 28 ausgefüllt ist, der gasdurchlässig ist. Der Regenerator 28 dient der Kältespeicherung und der Abgabe von gespeicherter Kälte an das nachströmende warme Gas.The displacer stage 6 has in the cylindrical working space 4 a tubular displacer 26 which is filled with a thermal regenerator 28 which is permeable to gas. The regenerator 28 serves to store the cold and to release stored cold to the inflowing warm gas.
In gleicher Weise enthält die Verdrängerstufe 7, die einen kleineren Durchmesser hat als die Verdrängerstufe 6, einen in dem zylindrischen Arbeitsraum 5 axial verschiebbaren rohrförmigen Verdränger 26a, der mit dem Verdränger 26 verbunden und ebenfalls mit einem gasdurchlässigen Regenerator 30 gefüllt ist.In the same way, the displacer stage 7, which has a smaller diameter than the displacer stage 6, contains a tubular displacer 26a which can be displaced axially in the cylindrical working space 5, which is connected to the displacer 26 and is also filled with a gas-permeable regenerator 30.
Die Steuerleitung 12 enthält eine Drosseleinrichtung 31, deren Querschnitt auf ein geringeres Maß reduziert werden kann als der Querschnitt der Steuerleitung 12. Die Drosseleinrichtung 31 weist ein Verstellorgan 32 auf, das hier im Innern des Verteilkörpers 10 angeordnet ist. Durch Öffnen des Gehäuses des Kaltkopfes ist das Verstellorgan 32 zugänglich, so dass Verstellungen des Drosselquerschnitts manuell durchgeführt werden können. Bei einer anderen (nicht dargestellten) Ausführungsform ist das Verstellorgan 32 an der Außenseite des Gehäuses zugänglich. Hierbei ist die Verstellung des Drosselquerschnitts auch bei laufendem Betrieb des Kaltköpfs möglich.The control line 12 contains a throttle device 31, the cross section of which can be reduced to a smaller extent than the cross section of the control line 12. The throttle device 31 has an adjusting element 32, which is arranged here inside the distributor body 10. By opening the housing of the cold head, the adjusting member 32 is accessible, so that the throttle cross section can be adjusted manually. In another (not shown) embodiment, the adjusting member 32 is accessible on the outside of the housing. The throttle cross-section can also be adjusted while the cold head is in operation.
Beim Betrieb des Kaltfingers wird zunächst der warmseitige Arbeitsraum 14 über die Leitung 11 und das Steuerventil 19 mit dem Hochdruck-Anschluss 21 verbunden. Gleichzeitig wird über die Steuerleitung 12 der Hochdruck in Zylinder 9 eingelassen. Die Verdränger 26 und 26a werden zur Kaltseite (nach unten) verschoben. Das unter Hochdruck stehende Gas strömt durch die Regeneratoren 28 und 30 ebenfalls zur Kaltseite. Dabei entspannt es sich unter Abkühlung, wobei eine weitere Entspannung durch Wärmeaustausch mit den Regeneratoren erfolgt.When the cold finger is operating, the warm-side working space 14 is first connected to the high-pressure connection 21 via the line 11 and the control valve 19. At the same time, the high pressure is let into cylinder 9 via control line 12. The displacers 26 and 26a are shifted to the cold side (downward). The high pressure gas also flows through the regenerators 28 and 30 to the cold side. It relaxes with cooling, with further relaxation by heat exchange with the regenerators.
In der zweiten Phase wird die Steuerleitung 12 mit dem Niederdruck-Anschluss verbunden. Unter der Wirkung des Hochdrucks werden die Verdränger 26 und 26a zur Warmseite hin verschoben, so dass der warmseitige Arbeitsraum 14 sich verkleinert und Gas durch die Regeneratoren 28 und 30 in den kaltseitigen Arbeitsraum 5 strömt.In the second phase, the control line 12 is connected to the low pressure connection. Under the effect of the high pressure, the displacers 26 and 26a are shifted toward the warm side, so that the warm-side working space 14 is reduced and gas flows through the regenerators 28 and 30 into the cold-side working space 5.
In der dritten Phase bewirkt das Steuerventil 19, dass der Arbeitsraum 14 über die Leitung 11 mit dem Niederdruck-Anschluss 22 verbunden wird. Dadurch entspannt sich das Gas in sämtlichen Arbeitsräumen des Kaltkopfes unter Abkühlung.In the third phase, the control valve 19 causes the working space 14 to be connected to the low-pressure connection 22 via the line 11. As a result, the gas relaxes in all work rooms of the cold head while cooling.
Anschließend werden in einer vierten Phase die Verdränger 26 und 26a zur Kaltseite bewegt, wodurch sich das Volumen des kaltseitigen Arbeitsraumes 5 verkleinert, um für den nächsten Zyklus vorbereitet zu sein. In dieser Phase strömt das kalte Gas aus dem Arbeitsraum 5 in die Regeneratoren 30 und 28, die dadurch weiter abgekühlt werden. Die Frequenz des beschriebenen Arbeitszyklus beträgt etwa 2 Hz. The displacers 26 and 26a are then moved to the cold side in a fourth phase, as a result of which the volume of the cold-side working space 5 is reduced in order to be prepared for the next cycle. In this phase, the cold gas flows from the working space 5 into the regenerators 30 and 28, which are further cooled as a result. The frequency of the described working cycle is approximately 2 Hz.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10152262.2 | 2001-10-20 | ||
| DE2001152262 DE10152262A1 (en) | 2001-10-20 | 2001-10-20 | Cold head for a low-temperature refrigeration machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003036191A1 true WO2003036191A1 (en) | 2003-05-01 |
Family
ID=7703429
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2002/008738 Ceased WO2003036191A1 (en) | 2001-10-20 | 2002-08-06 | Refrigerating head for a low temperature refrigerating machine |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE10152262A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW552385B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003036191A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015071418A1 (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-21 | Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum Gmbh | Cold head for cryogenic refrigerating machine |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4305741A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1981-12-15 | Oerlikon-Buhrle U.S.A. Inc. | Cryogenic apparatus |
| DE3313506A1 (en) * | 1982-04-19 | 1983-10-20 | CVI Inc., 43216 Columbus, Ohio | DEEP TEMPERATURE REFRIGERATOR |
| US4430863A (en) * | 1982-06-07 | 1984-02-14 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Apparatus and method for increasing the speed of a displacer-expander refrigerator |
| EP0160808B1 (en) | 1984-04-11 | 1988-04-27 | Leybold Aktiengesellschaft | Refrigerating machine |
| JPH0213759A (en) * | 1988-07-01 | 1990-01-18 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Gas cycle refrigerating |
| US4987743A (en) * | 1988-07-07 | 1991-01-29 | The Boc Group Plc | Cryogenic refrigerators |
| EP0437661A1 (en) * | 1990-01-18 | 1991-07-24 | Leybold Aktiengesellschaft | Cold finger with a Gifford-McMahon cryogenic regrigerator |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60138369A (en) * | 1983-12-26 | 1985-07-23 | セイコー精機株式会社 | Gas refrigerator |
| DE3943772C2 (en) * | 1988-11-09 | 1998-01-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Multi-stage gas refrigerator |
| DE4318406A1 (en) * | 1993-06-03 | 1994-12-08 | Leybold Ag | Method for operating a refrigerator and refrigerator suitable for carrying out this method |
| JPH07151410A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1995-06-16 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Gas compressor/expander |
-
2001
- 2001-10-20 DE DE2001152262 patent/DE10152262A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-08-06 WO PCT/EP2002/008738 patent/WO2003036191A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-08-30 TW TW91119747A patent/TW552385B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4305741A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1981-12-15 | Oerlikon-Buhrle U.S.A. Inc. | Cryogenic apparatus |
| DE3313506A1 (en) * | 1982-04-19 | 1983-10-20 | CVI Inc., 43216 Columbus, Ohio | DEEP TEMPERATURE REFRIGERATOR |
| US4430863A (en) * | 1982-06-07 | 1984-02-14 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Apparatus and method for increasing the speed of a displacer-expander refrigerator |
| EP0160808B1 (en) | 1984-04-11 | 1988-04-27 | Leybold Aktiengesellschaft | Refrigerating machine |
| JPH0213759A (en) * | 1988-07-01 | 1990-01-18 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Gas cycle refrigerating |
| US4987743A (en) * | 1988-07-07 | 1991-01-29 | The Boc Group Plc | Cryogenic refrigerators |
| EP0437661A1 (en) * | 1990-01-18 | 1991-07-24 | Leybold Aktiengesellschaft | Cold finger with a Gifford-McMahon cryogenic regrigerator |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| GUOBANG CHEN ET AL: "INVESTIGATION ON A TWO-STAGE SOLVAY REFRIGERATOR WITH MAGNETIC MATERIAL REGENERATOR", CRYOGENICS, IPC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PRESS LTD. GUILDFORD, GB, vol. 32, 1992, pages 5 - 8, XP000321154, ISSN: 0011-2275 * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 014, no. 152 (M - 0953) 23 March 1990 (1990-03-23) * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015071418A1 (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-21 | Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum Gmbh | Cold head for cryogenic refrigerating machine |
| JP2016537604A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2016-12-01 | オーリコン レイボルド バキューム ゲーエムベーハー | Cold head of cryogenic refrigerator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10152262A1 (en) | 2003-04-30 |
| TW552385B (en) | 2003-09-11 |
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