WO2003022511A1 - Procede d'amorcage de l'arc electrique en soudage hybride laser-arc - Google Patents
Procede d'amorcage de l'arc electrique en soudage hybride laser-arc Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003022511A1 WO2003022511A1 PCT/FR2002/002717 FR0202717W WO03022511A1 WO 2003022511 A1 WO2003022511 A1 WO 2003022511A1 FR 0202717 W FR0202717 W FR 0202717W WO 03022511 A1 WO03022511 A1 WO 03022511A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- arc
- welded
- welding
- volume
- helium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
- B23K2101/185—Tailored blanks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hybrid welding method and installation combining a laser beam and an electric arc, in particular a plasma arc, using particular gases or gas mixtures as starting gas for the electric arc and assistance of the laser beam, and its application to the welding of tubes or tailored blanks, in particular usable in the automotive industry.
- the arc is preferably struck in a gas with low ionization potential which must, moreover, be neutral so as not to cause contamination or deterioration of the electrode or react well negatively with the molten metal.
- argon meets these conditions because it is neutral and has a relatively low ionization potential, unlike nitrogen or C0 2 which, although having ionization potentials even weaker, can react with the molten metal with, for example, the formation of nitrides for nitrogen and deterioration of the tungsten electrode for C0 2 .
- the production of the welding is based on localized melting phenomena of matter at the point of impact of the laser beam where it forms a capillary filled with metallic vapors ionized at high temperature, called keyhole (keyhole).
- keyhole metallic vapors ionized at high temperature
- the walls of this capillary are made of molten metal.
- This capillary has an important role because it allows energy to be transferred directly to the heart of the material.
- the molten bath thus formed and maintained is gradually moved between the parts to be assembled, as a function of the relative displacement of the laser beam relative to the parts to be welded, and the metal of the weld joint solidifies, after the passage of the laser beam, in ensuring the joint assembly of the parts.
- the appearance of the capillary is accompanied by the formation of a plasma of metallic vapors, that is to say of an ionized gaseous medium, electrically neutral and at a temperature of several thousand degrees.
- the metal vapor plasma results from a good coupling between the laser beam and the part, and it is therefore inevitable. This type of plasma absorbs a small amount of incident energy and does not cause a significant change in the width and depth of the weld bead.
- the metal vapor plasma transfers part of its energy to the shielding gas used to protect the welding area from contamination of it. ci by atmospheric impurities, and there is then a risk of the formation of another plasma from the shielding gas.
- the creation of such a plasma of the shielding gas can absorb the energy of the incident laser beam and, in this case, the weld bead becomes wider on the surface and penetrates much less in the thickness of the parts to be welded.
- a gas with high ionization potential it is necessary to use a gas with high ionization potential and it turns out that helium is the most suitable gas to limit the appearance of this type of plasma.
- hybrid arc-laser welding In recent years, in parallel with the above-mentioned welding processes, a welding process called hybrid arc-laser welding has been developed based on a combination of a laser beam and an electric arc.
- Hybrid arc and laser welding methods have been described in particular in documents EP-A-793558; EP-A-782489; EP-A-800434; US-A-5,006,688; US-A-5,700,989; EP-A-844042; Laser GTA'Welding of aluminum alloy 5052, TP Dieb ' old and CE Albright, 1984, p. 18-24; SU-A-1815085, US-A-4,689,466; Plasma arc augmented laser welding, RP Walduck and 3. Biffin, p.172-176, 1994; or TIG or MIG arc augmented laser welding of thick mild stéel plate, Joining and Materials, by J Matsuda et al., p. 31-34, 1988.
- a hybrid plasma-laser welding process is a combined or mixed welding process which associates electric arc welding with a laser beam.
- the arc-laser method consists in generating an electric arc between an electrode, fuse or non-fuse, and the part to be welded, and in focusing a power laser beam, in particular a laser of type YAG or of type C0 2 , in the area arc, that is to say at the level or in the joint plane obtained by joining edge-to-edge of the parts to be welded together.
- Such a hybrid process makes it possible to considerably improve the welding speeds compared to laser welding alone or to arc or plasma welding alone, and also makes it possible to significantly increase the tolerances for positioning the edges before welding as well. that the play tolerated between the edges to be welded, in particular with respect to welding by laser beam alone which requires a high precision of positioning of the parts to be welded because of the small size of the focal point of the laser beam.
- Hybrid arc-laser processes are known to be perfectly suited for welding tailored blanks for the automotive industry, as they allow a well-welded bead free from gutters, as mentioned EP-A-782489 or Laser plus arc equals power, Industrial Laser Solutions, February 1999, p.28-30.
- an assist gas to assist the laser beam and protect the welding area from external aggressions and a gas for the electric arc, in particular a plasma gas used to create the arc plasma jet in the case of an arc-plasma process.
- the plasma gas must contain essentially argon to allow effective arc striking.
- a plasma gas rich in argon can be easily ionized and lead to the formation of an absorbent plasma for the laser beam and therefore harmful for the weld quality because it reduces the depth of penetration of the beam.
- the shielding gas of the molten bath must mainly contain helium to avoid the formation of an absorbent plasma.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to propose a hybrid arc-laser welding process which does not pose these problems, that is to say a hybrid arc-laser welding process, in particular plasma-laser arc, with effective ignition. and absence or near absence of formation of absorbent plasma.
- the solution of the invention is then a hybrid arc-laser welding process of one or more metal parts to be welded by making at least one weld joint between edges to be welded carried by the said metal part or parts, said joint of welding being obtained by implementing at least one laser beam and at least one electric arc combining with one another so as to obtain a fusion then a subsequent solidification of the metal along said edges to be welded , in which the procedure is as follows: (a) ignition of at least one electric arc, using at least one electrode supplied with electric current, in the presence of a gaseous ignition composition containing at least 50% by volume of argon for striking a pilot arc, (b) transfer of the pilot arc initiated in step (a) to the parts to be welded, (c) sending a protective gaseous atmosphere containing at least 50% by volume of helium to the welding zone to protect at least part of the welding zone and welding the weld joint, in the presence of said gaseous atmosphere protection, by combining the laser beam and the electric arc.
- the priming gas composition contains more than 60% by volume of argon, preferably from 70 to 100% by volume of argon.
- the priming gas also contains at least one additional non-oxidizing compound chosen from helium, H 2 , N 2 in a content of 0.05 to 30% by volume.
- step (a) the ignition of the electric arc takes place between an electrode and a nozzle so as to subsequently obtain a plasma arc.
- step (b) the transfer of the pilot arc is done by bringing the welding head delivering the plasma arc towards the part to be welded.
- the protective gas atmosphere contains at least 40% by volume of helium, preferably from 50 to 100% by volume of helium.
- the protective gaseous atmosphere also contains at least one additive compound chosen from argon, H 2 , 0 2 , C0 2 and N 2 in a content of 0.05 to 30% in volume.
- step (c) the laser beam and the plasma arc are delivered, by being combined together, through the same orifice of a welding nozzle.
- the part or parts to be welded are made of a metal or a metal alloy chosen from coated or uncoated steels, in particular joining steels, steels with high elastic limit, carbon steels, steels comprising on the surface a layer of zinc alloy, stainless steels, aluminum or aluminum alloys.
- the parts to be welded have a thickness between 0.1 and 70 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 50 mm.
- step (a) It further comprises a step of detecting the formation or the existence of a pilot arc initiated in step (a) between the electrode and the nozzle.
- the priming gas composition contains argon and helium
- the protective gaseous atmosphere contains argon and helium and in that the priming gas composition and the protective gas atmosphere contains unequal proportions of helium and / or argon.
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing automobile body elements, in which parts forming elements of an automobile body are welded together by implementing a hybrid welding method according to the invention.
- the invention is illustrated in the appended figure in which a part of a hybrid welding installation according to the invention is seen, usually comprising a gas laser oscillator (type C0 2 laser) producing a coherent high energy monochromatic beam 3. , an optical path equipped with reflecting mirrors making it possible to bring the laser beam 3 to a welding head situated opposite the tube to be welded.
- a gas laser oscillator type C0 2 laser
- the welding head conventionally comprises a lens or one or more focusing mirrors so as to focus the laser beam 3 at one or more focusing points in the thickness of the parts 10, 11 to be welded and at the joint plane 9 obtained by joining, edge-to-edge, lap or in another configuration, the edges of the parts to be assembled.
- an arc plasma jet is obtained by means of an electrode 1 and a plasma gas 4.
- the laser beam 3 and the plasma jet combine in the welding head so as to be expelled together by the single orifice of the nozzle 2 and to locally concentrate enough power density to melt the edges of the parts to be welded.
- this gaseous ignition composition coming from the source 4, is introduced into the welding head in the immediate vicinity and / or around the electrode 1 so as to strike a pilot arc between said electrode 1 non-fuse and the nozzle 2.
- this pilot arc is correctly struck, it is transferred to the parts to be welded together, being expelled through the single nozzle orifice 2 of the welding head.
- This protective gas is formed according to the invention from helium or a gaseous mixture based on helium, which preferably contains from 50 to 100% by volume of helium, the remainder possibly being argon, hydrogen. , or any other suitable gas or gas mixture.
- the conditions are such that no harmful plasma is formed from the shielding gas in contact with the metal vapor plasma and therefore there is no adsorption of a large part of the laser beam 3.
- the gas flow is managed by means of a conventional control box 6 so that, until a correct ignition is obtained, there is a supply of the welding head with plasma gas (4 ), while once the pilot electric arc detected by the control box 6, the latter controls a solenoid valve (not shown) which opens so as to deliver the shielding gas 5 to increase, for example, the helium content in the head so as to pass from a gaseous atmosphere containing mainly argon used to strike the pilot arc to a gaseous atmosphere containing mainly helium usable for welding.
- a priming cycle is for example the following:
- valve opening of the valve allowing the arrival of the plasma gas 4 around the electrode, for example a flow rate of approximately 5 l / min of argon,
- the welding head when the pilot arc is detected, the welding head is brought closer to the parts to be welded so as to create a plasma with the sending of a protective gas, for example helium, at a rate of 20 l / min so protecting the molten bath formed, and
- a protective gas for example helium
- the laser beam 3 is then emitted and the intensity then takes its welding setpoint, the beam combining with the arc plasma.
- the approximation of the welding head of the piece or pieces to be welded so as to create the plasma arc is therefore advantageously effected after detection of a pilot arc, preferably said approximation is effected almost simultaneously with the sending of the protective gas atmosphere containing at least 50% by volume of helium.
- the laser beam is emitted, that is to say guided or sent to the zone to be melted, simultaneously or subsequently with the formation of the plasma arc so that said beam combines with the arc plasma after formation of said arc plasma.
- the invention is applicable in particular to the welding of tubes, in axial or helical welding, or of butted sidewalls intended to constitute at least a part of a vehicle body element.
- the invention therefore also relates to a method of manufacturing a tube welded, longitudinally or in a spiral, in which the edges of the tube are welded together by implementing a hybrid welding method according to the invention.
- the invention can be used to assemble by hybrid welding metal parts having equal or different thicknesses, and / or metallurgical compositions or identical or different metallurgical grades, and / or equal or different thicknesses.
- the weld joint is often characterized by a difference in level between the upper planes of each of the parts to be welded, thus leading to the generation of a "step", but it is possible to also meet the opposite situation, namely joints of the butt-jointed sides whose upper planes are aligned but whose lower planes are not of the same level and where the 'step' is located on the reverse side of the joint to be welded.
- the part or parts to be welded and the welding head are driven in a movement of movement relative to one another, that is to say either the part or parts are fixed and the welding head moves, the reverse.
- the welding phase can be done in one or more passes, in particular according to the diameter and the thickness to be welded.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002460091A CA2460091A1 (fr) | 2001-09-13 | 2002-07-29 | Procede d'amorcage de l'arc electrique en soudage hybride laser-arc |
| JP2003526627A JP2005501736A (ja) | 2001-09-13 | 2002-07-29 | ハイブリッドレーザー−アーク溶接で電気アークを点弧するための方法 |
| EP02774855A EP1436115A1 (fr) | 2001-09-13 | 2002-07-29 | Procede d'amorcage de l'arc electrique en soudage hybride laser-arc |
| US10/489,445 US20040262269A1 (en) | 2001-09-13 | 2002-07-29 | Hybrid laser-arc welding method with gas flow rate adjustment |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0111855A FR2829415B1 (fr) | 2001-09-13 | 2001-09-13 | Procede d'amorcage de l'arc electrique en soudage hybride laser-arc |
| FR01/11855 | 2001-09-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003022511A1 true WO2003022511A1 (fr) | 2003-03-20 |
Family
ID=8867251
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2002/002717 Ceased WO2003022511A1 (fr) | 2001-09-13 | 2002-07-29 | Procede d'amorcage de l'arc electrique en soudage hybride laser-arc |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040262269A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1436115A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2005501736A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2460091A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2829415B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2003022511A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7850059B2 (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2010-12-14 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Dissimilar metal joining method |
| US8492005B2 (en) | 2008-01-17 | 2013-07-23 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Joining method and joint structure of dissimilar metal |
| US9174298B2 (en) | 2008-09-08 | 2015-11-03 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Dissimilar metal joining method for magnesium alloy and steel |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4828873B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-05 | 2011-11-30 | 株式会社東芝 | 超伝導コイルの製造方法、製造装置および超伝導コイル |
| US20100236067A1 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2010-09-23 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Hybrid welding repair of gas turbine superalloy components |
| FR2936177B1 (fr) * | 2008-09-24 | 2011-08-26 | Air Liquide | Procede de soudage laser de type co2 avec buse a jet dynamique. |
| WO2011029462A1 (fr) * | 2009-09-14 | 2011-03-17 | Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh + Co. Kg | Procédé et dispositif de traitement de pièces présentant un dispositif laser et un dispositif à arc électrique |
| US20130309000A1 (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2013-11-21 | General Electric Comapny | Hybrid laser arc welding process and apparatus |
| DE102014104936B4 (de) * | 2014-04-08 | 2016-06-23 | Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg | Schweißeinrichtung, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils mittels Schweißung und Verwendung einer Elektrode aus Schweißzusatzwerkstoff |
| DE112017002010A5 (de) * | 2016-04-14 | 2019-01-24 | Plasmatreat Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung einer Oberfläche eines Werkstücks mit einem Laserstrahl und Verfahren zum Betrieb der Vorrichtung |
| CN108796496A (zh) * | 2017-05-04 | 2018-11-13 | 通用电气公司 | 用来在基体上沉积涂层的系统及方法 |
| JP6740299B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-24 | 2020-08-12 | ファナック株式会社 | 加工条件調整装置及び機械学習装置 |
| US20210031297A1 (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-04 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | System and method for multi-task laser welding |
| CN110587137B (zh) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-02-12 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | 铝合金的复合焊接方法以及焊接头 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2813642A1 (de) * | 1978-03-30 | 1979-10-04 | Nat Res Dev | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bearbeitung von werkstuecken mittels eines laserstrahls |
| DE19500512A1 (de) * | 1994-09-23 | 1996-04-11 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zum Verschweißen von Werkstücken |
| US5866870A (en) * | 1994-11-24 | 1999-02-02 | Coventry University | Enhanced laser beam welding |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2114327T3 (es) * | 1994-09-23 | 1998-05-16 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Procedimiento para soldar piezas a trabajar. |
| US5705785A (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 1998-01-06 | Plasma-Laser Technologies Ltd | Combined laser and plasma arc welding torch |
| JP3392683B2 (ja) * | 1997-02-10 | 2003-03-31 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | レーザ加工ヘッド |
| US6388227B1 (en) * | 1999-07-15 | 2002-05-14 | Plasma Laser Technologies Ltd. | Combined laser and plasma-arc processing torch and method |
| FR2809648B1 (fr) * | 2000-05-31 | 2002-08-30 | Air Liquide | Procede et installation de soudage hybride par laser et arc electrique, notamment de pieces automobiles ou de tubes |
-
2001
- 2001-09-13 FR FR0111855A patent/FR2829415B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-07-29 EP EP02774855A patent/EP1436115A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-07-29 CA CA002460091A patent/CA2460091A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-29 WO PCT/FR2002/002717 patent/WO2003022511A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2002-07-29 US US10/489,445 patent/US20040262269A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-29 JP JP2003526627A patent/JP2005501736A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2813642A1 (de) * | 1978-03-30 | 1979-10-04 | Nat Res Dev | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bearbeitung von werkstuecken mittels eines laserstrahls |
| DE19500512A1 (de) * | 1994-09-23 | 1996-04-11 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zum Verschweißen von Werkstücken |
| US5866870A (en) * | 1994-11-24 | 1999-02-02 | Coventry University | Enhanced laser beam welding |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7850059B2 (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2010-12-14 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Dissimilar metal joining method |
| US7984840B2 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2011-07-26 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Dissimilar metal joining method |
| US8020749B2 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2011-09-20 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Dissimilar metal joining method |
| US8492005B2 (en) | 2008-01-17 | 2013-07-23 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Joining method and joint structure of dissimilar metal |
| US9174298B2 (en) | 2008-09-08 | 2015-11-03 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Dissimilar metal joining method for magnesium alloy and steel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2005501736A (ja) | 2005-01-20 |
| FR2829415A1 (fr) | 2003-03-14 |
| EP1436115A1 (fr) | 2004-07-14 |
| US20040262269A1 (en) | 2004-12-30 |
| FR2829415B1 (fr) | 2003-10-31 |
| CA2460091A1 (fr) | 2003-03-20 |
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