WO2003010887A1 - Piezoelektrisches einkristallelement - Google Patents
Piezoelektrisches einkristallelement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003010887A1 WO2003010887A1 PCT/AT2002/000213 AT0200213W WO03010887A1 WO 2003010887 A1 WO2003010887 A1 WO 2003010887A1 AT 0200213 W AT0200213 W AT 0200213W WO 03010887 A1 WO03010887 A1 WO 03010887A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- crystal element
- single crystal
- piezoelectric
- piezoelectric single
- element according
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/02535—Details of surface acoustic wave devices
- H03H9/02543—Characteristics of substrate, e.g. cutting angles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a piezoelectric single crystal element which has excitation electrodes on at least one surface or on opposite surfaces and can be excited to a thickness shear vibration, as well as different applications and a method for producing such a piezoelectric single crystal element or resonator element.
- the resonance frequency of a piezoelectric resonator is largely dependent on the interaction with its environment (e.g. pressure, temperature, mass loading). This naturally results in two fundamentally different areas of application.
- piezoelectric resonators are used as the frequency standard, the resonator usually being located in the feedback branch of an oscillator, thereby stabilizing the oscillator frequency in the vicinity of the resonance frequency.
- the influences of the environment on the resonance frequency are kept as constant as possible by hermetically sealed housings, which are either filled with protective gas or evacuated.
- piezoelectric resonators are used as the sensor element, conclusions being drawn from the measured changes in the resonance properties of the physical or chemical properties or their change over time in the environment.
- the highest possible vibration quality of the resonance frequency in question is desirable in order to achieve particularly high short-term stability on the one hand and particularly high measurement resolution or measurement sensitivity on the other.
- the quality can be measured by measuring the change in phase ⁇ which occurs in a frequency interval ⁇ f in the immediate vicinity of the maximum admittance, for example using a network analyzer.
- the quality values which are shown in FIG. 2, were also determined by this method.
- the effective material constants ⁇ -, c ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ are dependent on the cutting angle and can be calculated from the material constants of the relevant crystal material (see for example S. Haussühl, Kristallphysik, Physik Verlag, ISBN 3-87664-587-5).
- the effective electromechanical coupling factor k eff can be determined, for example, by a network analysis.
- the resonance behavior of the piezoelectric resonator is based on the model of a series resonance circuit with parallel capacitance.
- No. 4,754,187 A describes so-called SKI and SK2 sections of a quartz crystal, which are temperature-compensated and have different excitation modes a to c.
- the aim is to excite only the b-mode and to substantially suppress the c-mode occurring at the same excitation frequency.
- an electrode arrangement is chosen which has an angle ⁇ with respect to the crystal axis X 1 .
- the angle ⁇ is first calculated theoretically for the SKl section at -75.96 °, but experimental results show one of the theoretical value very different measuring value for ⁇ at -15 °.
- the value for the electro-mechanical coupling factor is 4.1%. The aim is only a fashionable excitation and not the achievement of particularly high quality values.
- the object of the invention is to propose a piezoelectric single crystal or a method for its production, in which the quality Q - particularly at vacuum pressures below 10 mbar - assumes particularly high values.
- the present invention solves this problem in that the single-crystal element has a crystal cut with a stimulable fundamental tone resonance frequency in the thickness shear mode, in which the effective electromechanical coupling factor k ef f is between 0.05% and 2%, and in that the linear temperature coefficient of the fundamental tone resonance frequency is zero at at least one point in the range of the operating temperature of the piezoelectric single crystal element, preferably in the range between 10 ° C. and 100 ° C.
- a crystal cut with a relatively low electromechanical coupling is therefore preferably selected in which the temperature response of the resonance frequency of the thickness shear vibration to be excited is as low as possible in the application temperature range (temperature-compensated cut).
- the temperature response of the resonance frequency must have a parabolic or a cubic frequency response, so that the linear temperature coefficient becomes zero within the application temperature range.
- crystal materials with an effective elastic shear constant c ⁇ in a range from 10 to 100 GNm "2 are used. It is also advantageous to choose crystal materials in which, for the selected crystal cut, no hysteresis between the electric field E. Generated by the excitation electrodes and the field of dielectric displacement D arises.
- a piezoelectric resonator based on gallium orthophosphate (GaPO 4 ) with a diameter of 7.4 mm and gold electrodes which has a relatively low, effective electromechanical coupling factor k eff of approx. 0.2% has a very high quality value at an absolute pressure of 5 * 10 "5 bar.
- the GaPO 4 resonator is considerably more compact (diameter of 7.4 mm, for example) and has a thickness of 0.2 mm (at a resonance frequency of approx. 10 MHz) a better diameter / thickness ratio.
- the electrodes can be applied by a CVD method (chemical vapor deposition) or a PVD method (physical vapor deposition), preferably by sputtering.
- the frequency distance from the nearest excitable secondary resonance frequency is> 80 kHz, preferably> 100 kHz.
- the crystal material belongs to the crystallographic point group 32, the crystal element preferably consisting of quartz-homotypic gallium orthophosphate (GaPO 4 ).
- a combination of the particularly favorable properties such as extremely high quality values, temperature compensation of the resonance frequency and a large distance between the fundamental resonance frequency and its secondary modes can be achieved by using a piezoelectric resonator based on GaPO 4 , whereby a simply rotated Y-cut is used and the Cutting angle ⁇ is in a range between -80 ° and -88 °, in particular between -82 ° and -86 °.
- piezoelectric crystal elements which belong to the crystallographic space group P321, which are described, for example, in “INTERNATIONAL TABLES FOR X-RAY CRYSTAL-LOGRAPHY, The Kynoch Press, 1969, pp. 255 is mentioned.
- Crystals in this space group have a Ca 3 Ga 2 Ge 4 O 4 - analog crystal structure, such as, for example, langasite (La 3 Ga 5 SiO 4 ), langanite (La 3 Ga 5 (5 Nb 0/5 ⁇ 4 ), langatate (La 3 Ga 5 , 5 Ta 0.5 ⁇ ) or strontium gallium germanate (Sr 3 Ga 2 Ge 4 O ⁇ 4 ) single crystals, further examples are, for example, from BV Mill, Yu.V. Pisarevsky, EL Belokoneva, “Synthesis, Growth and some Properties of Single Crystals with the Ca 3 Ga 2 Ge 4 O ⁇ 4 Structure ", Joint Meeting EFTF - IEEE IFCS, 1999, pp. 829-834.
- langasite La 3 Ga 5 SiO 4
- langanite La 3 Ga 5 (5 Nb 0/5 ⁇ 4
- langatate La 3 Ga 5 , 5 Ta 0.5 ⁇
- strontium gallium germanate Sr 3 Ga 2 Ge 4 O ⁇ 4
- langasite (La 3 Ga 5 SiO ⁇ 4 ) single crystals is a combination of by choosing a simply rotated Y-cut, the angle of rotation ⁇ between -55 ° and -85 °, preferably between -60 ° and -70 ° low coupling and temperature compensation achievable.
- Electrical vacuum gauges measure the pressure indirectly via the particle number density, which depends on the type of gas at a given pressure.
- the pressure scales of these devices are usually related to nitrogen pressures. If the pressure of another gas (mixture) is to be determined, the displayed pressure must be multiplied by a factor. In addition, these factors are also pressure-dependent in the case of thermal conductivity vacuum gauges (Pirani). Because of the particularly sensitive pressure dependency of the quality, in particular at vacuum pressures below 10 mbar, the crystal elements according to the invention can therefore be used excellently for pressure measurement, pressure measurement being possible regardless of the type of gas or gas composition.
- the crystal element according to the invention can be used as a frequency-determining component (frequency standard) in oven-controlled or thermostatted oscillators.
- Another advantageous application is to use the crystal element according to the invention in a vacuum (p ⁇ 10 mbar) as a microbalance sensor element, in which an extremely high sensitivity to mass loading can be achieved.
- the crystal element according to the invention can be used as an electronic filter with a particularly high slope.
- Fig. 2 is a diagram of the quality Q as a function of pressure for GaPO 4 and
- Fig. 3 shows the first temperature coefficient of the resonance frequency of a GaPO 4 density shear resonator as a function of the cutting angle ⁇ .
- Fig. 1 shows the local circle of the admittance, which is used for the description of the electrical behavior of a piezoelectric resonator.
- the relevant definitions of the series resonance frequency f s , the frequency with maximum admittance f m , the parallel resonance frequency f p and the frequency with minimum admittance f n can also be seen.
- the distance of the center of the local circle from the abscissa is proportional to the parallel capacitance C 0 , which is formed by the resonator together with the applied excitation electrodes.
- FIG. 2 shows, for example, the increase in quality of a GaPO 4 resonator (simply rotated Y-cut with k eff between 0.2 and 0.4%), which was annealed after the application of the excitation electrodes in comparison to one annealed resonator (fundamental resonance frequency approx. 6MHz).
- the quality values are approximately at the same high level in both cases.
- the quality values of the annealed resonator increase significantly more than in the case of the unannealed resonator.
- Fig. 3 shows the dependence of the linear temperature coefficient (l.TCF) of the resonance frequency of a simply rotated Y-cut of a GaPO 4 Dickenscher resonator (C-mode) as a function of the angle of rotation ⁇ at a temperature of approximately 85 ° C.
- l.TCF linear temperature coefficient
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT11712001 | 2001-07-26 | ||
| ATA1171/01 | 2001-07-26 | ||
| US10/086,537 US20030020052A1 (en) | 2001-07-26 | 2002-03-04 | Piezoelectric single crystal element |
| US10/086,537 | 2002-03-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003010887A1 true WO2003010887A1 (de) | 2003-02-06 |
Family
ID=25608500
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AT2002/000213 Ceased WO2003010887A1 (de) | 2001-07-26 | 2002-07-18 | Piezoelektrisches einkristallelement |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2003010887A1 (de) |
-
2002
- 2002-07-18 WO PCT/AT2002/000213 patent/WO2003010887A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| C REITER ET AL: "Elastic Constants and Temperature-Compensated Orientations of GaPO4", 6 March 2001, 15TH EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, NEUCHATEL, SWITZERLAND, XP008009573 * |
| DUBOVIK M F ET AL: "Influence of thermal treatment and radiation on some electrophysical parameters of langasite crystals", FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM, 1996. 50TH., PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL. HONOLULU, HI, USA 5-7 JUNE 1996, NEW YORK, NY, USA,IEEE, US, 5 June 1996 (1996-06-05), pages 84 - 89, XP010200045, ISBN: 0-7803-3309-8 * |
| FRITZE H ET AL: "High temperature nanobalance sensor based on langasite", SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA S.A., LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 76, no. 1-3, 1 June 2001 (2001-06-01), pages 103 - 107, XP004241101, ISSN: 0925-4005 * |
| PHILIPPOT E ET AL: "A QUARTZ-LIKE MATERIAL: GALLIUM PHOSPHATE (GAPO4);CRYSTAL GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION", JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH, NORTH-HOLLAND PUBLISHING CO. AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 130, no. 1/2, 1 May 1993 (1993-05-01), Amsterdam, NL, pages 195 - 208, XP000418114, ISSN: 0022-0248 * |
| SSAKHAROV S A ET AL: "Application of langasite crystals in monolithic filters operating in shear modes", PROCEEDINGS OF THE FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM. HERSHEY, MAY 27 - 29, 1992, NEW YORK, IEEE, US, 27 May 1992 (1992-05-27), pages 713 - 723, XP010056682, ISBN: 0-7803-0476-4 * |
| ZARKA A ET AL: "Studies of GaPO4 crystals and resonators", FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM, 1996. 50TH., PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL. HONOLULU, HI, USA 5-7 JUNE 1996, NEW YORK, NY, USA,IEEE, US, 5 June 1996 (1996-06-05), pages 66 - 71, XP010200042, ISBN: 0-7803-3309-8 * |
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