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WO2003007429A1 - Systeme d'antenne pour communiquer simultanement avec un satellite et un systeme terrestre - Google Patents

Systeme d'antenne pour communiquer simultanement avec un satellite et un systeme terrestre

Info

Publication number
WO2003007429A1
WO2003007429A1 PCT/US2002/022142 US0222142W WO03007429A1 WO 2003007429 A1 WO2003007429 A1 WO 2003007429A1 US 0222142 W US0222142 W US 0222142W WO 03007429 A1 WO03007429 A1 WO 03007429A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna elements
antenna system
circularly polarized
electromagnetic signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2002/022142
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel F. Sievenpiper
Hui-Pin Hsu
James H. Shaffner
Gregory L. Tangonan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HRL Laboratories LLC
Original Assignee
HRL Laboratories LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HRL Laboratories LLC filed Critical HRL Laboratories LLC
Priority to GB0400098A priority Critical patent/GB2394364B/en
Priority to JP2003513085A priority patent/JP2004535722A/ja
Publication of WO2003007429A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003007429A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation 

Definitions

  • This present invention relates to antenna systems which may be used on vehicles to communicate with both a satellite and a terrestrial system.
  • DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite
  • a direct broadcast satellite uses circular polarization so that the vehicle can receive the transmission in any orientation.
  • terrestrial networks typically transmit in vertical polarization. If satellite communication fails (for example, if the satellite becomes hidden by a building or other object - manmade or natural) the terrestrially rebroadcast signal can be used to fill in the gaps in the satellite signal.
  • DBS radio systems typically have a narrow bandwidth (about 0.5%) due to the low power available from satellites, as well as the problems associated with mobile wireless communications.
  • an antenna typically must be designed with at least several percent bandwidth to account for possible errors in manufacturing. For this reason, the antennas used to receive DBS radio signals will generally have a much wider bandwidth than the signals of interest (both satellite and terrestrial), and thus the various components of DBS signals can be considered as being essentially at the same frequency.
  • antennas or antenna systems that can receive radio frequency signals having circular polarization and/or linear vertical polarization.
  • the antenna or antenna system should preferably be able to utilize different radiation patterns for each of these two functions.
  • the antenna or antenna system should have a radiation pattern lobe with circular polarization directed towards ' the sky, at the required elevation angle for satellite reception, and also have a radiation pattern lobe with linear polarization directed towards the horizon, for terrestrial repeater reception.
  • a quadrafilar helix antenna which consists of four wires wound in a helical geometry, can do so.
  • the drawback of this antenna is that it typically protrudes one-quarter to one-half wavelength from the surface of where ever it is mounted and thus if it is mounted protruding from the exterior surface of a vehicle, it results in an unsightly and unaerodynamic vertical structure.
  • the antenna disclosed herein performs these two functions yet lies essentially flush with the roof of the vehicle. It is able to perform as a dual circular/linear antenna, with the ability to form beams in various directions. It has the added advantage that it can incorporate beam-switched diversity for an improved signal to noise and interference ratio.
  • This invention improves upon the existing vertical rod antenna that is currently used for satellite and terrestrial radio broadcasts.
  • the disclosed antenna is much less than one-tenth of one wavelength in thickness, and can be placed directly on a metal vehicle roof and lies flush or essentially flush therewith.
  • the present invention utilizes a Hi-Z surface, a particular kind of ground plane that has been demonstrated to be useful with certain low-profile antennas.
  • the present invention preferably uses four linear wire antenna elements arranged a radial pattern, the four wire antennas being fed by a beam forming network that generates the desired polarizations and beam patterns. Other antenna elements can alternatively be used.
  • the beam forming network has two or more outputs that are routed to a radio receiver, for example (a transceiver could be used if the antenna system is used for both receiving and transmitting signals).
  • the antenna disclosed herein also provides the option for beam switched diversity, providing even better performance.
  • the primary advantage of this antenna is that it is thin, and can be mounted directly on or concealed within the metal roof, for example, of a vehicle.
  • the present invention provides an antenna for receiving circularly polarized signal from a position relatively high in the sky and at the same time linearly polarized signals from a position relatively lower in the sky and closer to the horizon, the antenna comprising a high impedance surface and a plurality of antenna elements disposed on said high impedance surface and arranged in a pattern on said surface, first selected ones of said antenna elements being responsive to circular polarization and second selected ones of said antenna elements being responsive to linear polarization.
  • the present invention provides a method of receiving circularly polarized signal from a position relatively high in the sky and at the same time linearly polarized signals from a position relatively lower in the sky and closer to the horizon, the method comprising the steps of: providing a high impedance surface; and disposing a plurality of antenna elements on said high impedance surface and arranging the plurality antenna elements in a pattern on said surface such that first selected ones of said antenna elements are responsive to circular polarization and second selected ones of said antenna elements are responsive to linear polarization.
  • the present invention provides an antenna system for receiving both circularly polarized radio frequency signals and linearly polarized radio frequency signals, the circularly polarized signals arriving at the antenna system from a direction normal or oblique to a major surface of the antenna system and the linearly polarized signals arriving at the planar antenna system from a direction acute to said major surface, the antenna system comprising a high impedance surface and a plurality of antenna elements disposed on said high impedance surface, the plurality antenna elements arranged in a pattern on said surface such that first selected ones of said antenna elements are responsive to circular polarization and second selected ones of said antenna elements are responsive to linear polarization.
  • Figure 1 depicts the radiating section of the presently disclosed antenna system which includes a region of Hi-Z surface and four radiating wires which extend radially from the center of the Hi-Z surface;
  • Figure la is similar to Figure 1 and shows an alternative design with four patch antennas arranged on a Hi-Z surface;
  • Figures 2a and 2b depict two schemes for impedance matching a wire antenna with a 50 Ohm impedance circuit - heretofore wire antenna typically had a capacitive reactance and a small inductive loops section is required as is shown by Figure 2b; however, in the present design it was determined that the wire antenna has a natural inductive reactance, and a small capacitive tail section is required as is shown by Figure 2a;
  • Figure 3 is a diagram showing an experimental setup which was used for measuring a single wire antenna in which wire antenna #1 was attached to our antenna measurement system, while wires antennas #2-4 were attached to a 50 Ohm load;
  • Figure 4 depicts the gain of a single wire antenna as a function of frequency in the direction normal to the surface according to the experiment conducted in the set up of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 depicts the radiation pattern of the single wire antenna in the E-Plane (thinner line) and the H-Plane (thicker line) according to the experiment conducted in the set up of Figure 3;
  • Figure 6 is a diagram showing experimental setup for measuring the radiation and gain patterns of a pair of orthogonal wire antenna elements driven out of phase by 90 degrees;
  • Figure 7 depicts the radiation pattern of the two orthogonal antenna elements shown in Figure 6, this pattern representing radiation along a symmetry plane between the two wires;
  • Figure 8 depicts the radiation pattern of the two orthogonal antenna elements shown in Figure 6, this pattern representing radiation along the plane which is orthogonal to both the symmetry plane between the two antenna elements and the plane of the Hi-Z surface;
  • Figure 9 graphs the gain of the two orthogonal antenna elements shown in Figure 6 as a function of frequency in a direction normal to the Hi-Z surface for both co-polarized radiation and for cross-polarized radiation;
  • Figure 10 is a diagram showing experimental setup for measuring the radiation pattern of a pair of co-linear wire antenna elements driven out of phase by 90 degrees;
  • Figure 1 1 depicts the radiation pattem of the two co-linear antenna elements shown in Figure 10, this pattern representing radiation frofn a top or plan view;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a simple combining network for producing two outputs, one for a terrestrial communication system and another a for satellite communication system;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a more complicated combining network.
  • This invention utilizes a high impedance (Hi-Z) surface, a type of ground plane that has recently been developed that allows antennas to lie directly adjacent to a metal surface without being shorted out, and at the same time maintaining an antenna impedance near 50 Ohms.
  • Hi-Z high impedance
  • the Hi-Z surface exhibits a relatively higher impedance at a frequency of interest (usually the center frequency for the band of interest of the antennas) and having a relatively lower impedance at frequencies higher and lower than the frequency of interest.
  • This new surface also allows one to control the excitation of surface waves on the surrounding ground plane. This allows one to control the radiation pattern of the antenna, in particular the amount of radiation that is emitted at low elevation angles.
  • a Hi-Z surface is preferably used in this invention for several reasons:
  • a Hi-Z surface permits the antenna to have a small thickness, i.e, to be low-profile (in this case the thickness can be as small as on the order of one one-hundredth of one wavelength of the normal operating frequency of the antenna disposed thereon),
  • a Hi-Z surface allows the antenna and Hi-Z surface combination to lie directly adjacent to the metal roof of a vehicle
  • a Hi-Z surface controls the excitation of surface currents in the surrounding metal ground plane and thereby controls the radiation pattern.
  • the Hi-Z surface which is described in PCT application PCT/US99/06884, published as WO99/50929 on October 7, 1999, consists of a flat metal surface covered with a two dimensional lattice of metal plate-like protrusions. These protrusions are capacitively coupled to their neighbors and are inductively coupled to an adjacently disposed ground plane.
  • Hi-Z surfaces have been constructed using printed circuit board technology.
  • the sheet capacitance is controlled by the proximity of the metal protrusions to their neighbors, or their overlap area, and can be designed to have a desired value by adjusting the geometry of the protrusions when they are formed on a printed circuit board, for example.
  • the sheet inductance of the structure is controlled by its overall thickness. Thus, one can tune the capacitance and inductance, and thereby tune the effective sheet impedance of the surface, which is effectively equal to a LC circuit made up of the sheet capacitance and sheet inductance. Near the resonance frequency given by :
  • the structure has a high surface impedance. At this frequency the reflection phase crosses through zero, and the surface behaves as an artificial magnetic conductor. It has impedance > 377 Ohms over a bandwidth given by:
  • L is the sheet inductance
  • C is the sheet capacitance
  • ⁇ o is the magnetic permeability of free space
  • ⁇ Q is the electric permittivity of free space.
  • a Hi-Z surface structure suppresses the propagation of surface waves.
  • This effect can be described as a surface wave band gap.
  • the structure since the surface has high sheet impedance, it also allows antennas to lie directly adjacent to it without being shorted out. This allows the antenna to be very thin, because it eliminates the requirement for one-quarter wavelength separation between the antenna and the ground plane.
  • the structure Near the upper edge of the surface wave band gap, the structure supports transverse electric (TE) surface waves, which exist as leaky waves, meaning that they radiate from the surface.
  • TE transverse electric
  • the upper edge of the band gap can be defined as the resonance frequency plus one-half the bandwidth, ⁇ re s+BW/2.
  • Leaky TE waves are usually supported in the range between ⁇ re s and ⁇ res+BW/2.
  • these leaky TE waves can be used to excite transverse magnetic (TM) waves on a surrounding ground plane consisting of ordinary metal.
  • TM transverse magnetic
  • Both the leaky TE waves and the secondary TM waves can be used to increase the low angle radiation intensity of an antenna as described in U.S. Patent Application Number 09/905,796, filed on the same date as this application. This effect may be exploited in this invention as well.
  • the disclosed antenna also takes advantage of the concept of antenna diversity, which by itself is know in the prior art (see the articles by Vaughan and/or Perini & Holloway noted previously).
  • an antenna disposed upon a Hi-Z surface that includes switched beam diversity of either horizontal or vertical polarization using either a flared notch antenna or wire antenna, is described.
  • these concepts are expanded upon preferably to include both improved low angle radiation and a new antenna feeding network, which allows the antennas to provide multiple beams and multiple polarizations simultaneously, in order to allow access to both a satellite and a terrestrial network, simultaneously.
  • the disclosed antenna system produces a radiation pattern lobe towards the sky having circular polarization and a radiation pattern lobe towards the horizon having vertical linear polarization. Furthermore, each of these two lobes can occur simultaneously, with separate RF outputs being routed to an external diversity combiner. This allows signals from both a satellite and a terrestrial network to be used simultaneously by a receiver downstream of the diversity combiner. This is in addition to the switched beam diversity already present in the antenna itself.
  • a first embodiment of the antenna is shown in Figure 1. It includes of a region of Hi-Z surface 10 which is shown as being square, but it can be circular or of any other desired shape.
  • the Hi-Z surface includes an array of plate-like conductive elements 12 which are spaced from each other and disposed on a dielectric substrate.
  • Upon the Hi-Z surface 10 are disposed four linear wire antenna elements 15 each one of which is identified by the designations 15-1 through 15-4.
  • the wire antennas 15 are generally 1/3 to 1/2 wavelength long, at the resonance frequency of the Hi-Z surface 10, and operate most efficiently within the band gap of the Hi-Z surface 10. These four wire antenna elements 15 are fed near the center of the surface 10.
  • Each wire antenna 15 preferably extends radially towards the periphery of the surface 10 along preferably orthogonal axes X and Y (see Figure la). Pairs or groups of antenna elements 15 may be combined with varying phase to produce nearly any desired radiation pattern or polarization. As will be seen, orthogonal pairs 15A of antenna elements 15 may be combined with a 90 degree phase shift element to produce circular polarization (CP). Collinear pairs 15B of antenna elements 15 may be combined with various phases to produce various radiation patterns having linear polarization (LP).
  • CP circular polarization
  • Collinear pairs 15B of antenna elements 15 may be combined with various phases to produce various radiation patterns having linear polarization (LP).
  • FIG. la A second embodiment of the antenna is shown in Figure la wherein the four linear wire antenna elements 15 have been replaced by four patch antenna elements identified by numerals 15-1 through 15-4. These patch antenna elements serve the same pu ⁇ ose as do the linear wire antenna elements.
  • the antenna elements 15, whether occurring as wire antenna elements or patch antenna elements or otherwise, are all preferably identical to each other and are arranged in a regular repeating pattern on the surface 10. Of course, the orientations of the individual elements may be different.
  • the patterns shown in Figures 1 and la may repeat numerous times on a single high impedance surface 10.
  • antenna systems may have radial patterns of antenna elements, for example, extending along axes X and Y, comprising more than four antenna elements 15 or less than four antenna elements 15 can be used with greater or lesser performance, respectively, and with greater or lesser complexity, respectively.
  • FIG. 2a and 2b A more detailed representation of a single linear antenna element 15 of the first embodiment of the antenna is shown by Figures 2a and 2b. It has been determined experimentally that a good impedance match can be made between wire antenna elements 15 and a 50 Ohm coax cable 19 by extending an additional piece or stub of wire 17 from the feed point 16 in a direction opposite to the direction taken by antenna element 15, as is shown in Figure 2a. Since the wire antenna elements 15 extend towards the periphery of the surface, the stubs 17 extend toward the center of the surface 10. The stubs 17 are tuned experimentally, but each generally has a length equal to or less than one-quarter of the overall length of the antenna element.
  • the feed point 16 between the stub 17 and the wire anterma element 15 is directly coupled to the center conductor 19a of the coax cable 19 while the ground shield 19b of the coax cable 19 is coupled to the ground plane 18 of the Hi-Z surface 10.
  • the coax cable can have an impedance other than 50 Ohms, but 50 Ohms is preferred since that is believed to provide a good impedance match with the antenna elements 15.
  • Many such antenna elements which have been studied in the past on Hi-Z surfaces have had an inherent capacitive component in their input impedance. These earlier antenna designs have required the addition of a loop-like structure 14 near the feed point as is shown by Figure 2b.
  • the input impedance of the antenna element 15 is inductive.
  • a good input impedance match to the preferred 50 Ohm cable 19 can be obtained using the stub structure 17 described here with reference to Figure 2a for each wire antenna element 15.
  • One technique is to make the effective length of the wire slightly longer than one-half wavelength. This creates a null in the radiation pattern which is offset from normal in the direction of the antenna feed, and creates a broad main beam that is biased towards the other end of the antenna. This can be considered as a quasi-traveling wave antenna.
  • Another technique for increasing the low angle radiation intensity is to operate the Hi-Z surface near the upper edge of the band gap. This technique is described by J. Schaffner; H. P. Hsu; G. Tangonan; and D.
  • Figure 3 shows the four element antenna with wire antenna element being 15-1 addressed directly for pu ⁇ ose of an experiment. Antennas 15-2 through 15-4 are terminated with a matched load in this experiment.
  • Figure 4 shows the gain of this antenna at broadside as a function of frequency according to experimental data which was obtained connecting the antenna as shown by Figure 3. It can be seen from the plot of Figure 4 that the antenna of this embodiment has a bandwidth of roughly 20% which is quite acceptable for many applications.
  • the operating band of the antenna of this embodiment is centered around 2.1 gigahertz and the resonance frequency of the Hi-Z surface 10 utilized in the experiment was also centered around 2.1 gigahertz.
  • the radiation pattern, in an elevation view, of this antenna is shown in Figure 5. It is broad in both the E-Plane in the H-Plane, which means that by using common array techniques (see the book by C. Balanis noted above) one may produce radiation patterns covering a broad range of angles and having a variety of polarizations. Of course, this antenna and its Hi-Z surface can be easily modified for use in other frequency ranges.
  • antenna elements 15-1 and antenna element 15-4 were fed using the 90 degree hybrid 25 with the unused port on the hybrid being terminated with a 50 Ohm load 27.
  • the radiation pattern for this antenna arrangement according to this experiment was measured and Figure 7 shows the detected radiation pattern, in an elevation view, measured with a circularly polarized remote antenna. This radiation pattern is taken in the plane of mirror symmetry between the two antenna elements.
  • the radiation pattern is slightly asymmetric because since two orthogonal elements out of the four are being driven, which two are next to each other on one side of the Hi- Z surface. Hence, the antenna is not entirely symmetric, resulting in an asymmetric pattern.
  • the radiation pattern is broad and oriented towards the sky with a slight bias towards one direction.
  • the radiation pattem in an orthogonal plane, in an elevation view, is shown in Figure 8.
  • This radiation pattern represents radiation along a plane which is orthogonal to both the symmetry plane between the two wires and the plane of the Hi-Z surface 10.
  • This radiation pattern is also slightly asymmetric as a result of the natural asymmetry introduced by the 90 degree hybrid 25.
  • Figure 9 shows the gain at broadside of this pair of antenna elements taken with two different circular polarizations.
  • the gain of the two orthogonal wire antenna elements as a function of frequency in a direction normal to the surface.
  • the solid line is for co-polarized radiation while the dashed line is for cross-polarized radiation.
  • Figure 9 shows that this antenna produces very good circular polarization, having a polarization ratio ranging from 10. to 20 decibels.
  • This radiation pattern is well suited for communicating with an orbiting satellite. This radiation pattern can also be adjusted toward lower angles using the methods described herein.
  • Figure 10 shows the same four antenna element 15 antenna system with a 90 degree hybrid 25 connected between antenna element 15-1 and antenna element 15-3.
  • the 90 degree phase delay causes the combination of the two co-linear antenna elements 15-1 , 15-3 to produce a two lobe pattern in the E-plane as is shown in Figure 11.
  • the E-plane is shown in a thin line while the H-plane is shown by a thicker line.
  • the antenna elements in this experiment produce a pattern which is biased toward one direction, with the direction being determined by which antenna element receives the 90 degree phase delay.
  • Other phase delays may be used, but the 90 degree hybrid was convenient for the experiments which were performed.
  • Driving the two antenna elements with varying relative phase allows one to produce different radiation patterns in the plane which contains the two antennas and is orthogonal to the Hi-Z surface 10.
  • the pattern shows one large lobe directed toward one direction and one small lobe in the opposite direction.
  • the position of the large lobe may be adjusted by varying the phase delay between the two antennas.
  • the antenna system In the direction of the main lobe the antenna system has vertical polarization, which is ideal for communicating with a terrestrial network. Neither this nor the previously discussed experiment included any features or techniques mentioned or described elsewhere herein for improving low angle radiation. However, such techniques may be employed to further improve the antenna system's ability to cope with low angle radiation sources.
  • antenna elements which are elongate wire elements.
  • the invention is not limited to that type of antenna element.
  • the concepts disclosed herein can be used in connection with any type of antenna capable of being disposed on Hi-Z surface 10, including, for example, patch antennas and flared notch antennas. See, for example, the embodiment depicted by Figure la.
  • the number of antenna elements 15 shown on the high impedance surface 10 in the figures is four, but it should be appreciated that the number of antenna elements 15 utilized on a given high impedance surface 10 can be far greater than four.
  • Four antenna elements 15 are used in the disclosed embodiments since the disclosed antennas can function with as few a four antenna elements 15 and it is convenient to describe the antenna works in terms of an antenna with four elements 15.
  • Antennas with greater numbers of antenna elements 15 would typically arrays of antenna elements disposed on a high impedance surface, the arrays preferably comprising regular repeating patterns of substantially identical antenna elements 15 preferably arranged in groups of four antenna elements 15.
  • the feeding or combining network which may be used to couple antenna elements 15 is now described.
  • the simplest example is to combine the feed points of the four antenna elements 15 with equal phase, to produce an output for signals received from a terrestrial network.
  • This simple example of a feeding or combining network is illustrated in Figure 12 and is described in Table I.
  • each antenna element 15-1 through 15-4 is split or divided into separate branches by a power divider 30 and the branches are then recombined with the appropriate phase delay (180° for one of the two signals delivered to the 90° hybrid and 180° for the signals delivered by antennas 15-3 and 15-4 to the two input power combiners 32 - see elements 26 ) to produce the functions described below.
  • the terrestrial signal is retrieved at the output labeled T, whereas the satellite signals are received at the outputs labeled SI and S2. Because the 90 degree hybrid has two outputs, one may actually obtain both left and right hand circular polarizations simultaneously; however, this is not needed for many satellite systems and therefore use of only one of the two outputs SI or S2 may suffice in many applications.
  • Table I describes the simplest possible combining network. It does not provide for antenna diversity.
  • the feed points of the four antenna elements 15-1 through 15-4 are connected four power divider circuits 30.
  • the power dividers 30 each have two outputs.
  • Power combiners 32 either add or subtract their inputs according to the logic set forth in Table I.
  • the signals SI and S2 are obtained from the outputs of the 90 degree hybrid 25.
  • the antenna provides for switched beam diversity in both the satellite signal and the terrestrial signal.
  • Each signal has four possible outputs, labeled Tl through T4 for the terrestrial systems and SI through S4 for the satellite system.
  • Each of these outputs represents a beam at a different angle, and the receiver may switch between beams or use multiple beams simultaneously to maximize the received signal to noise and interference ratio.
  • the feed points of the four antenna elements 15-1 through 15-4 are each connected to one of four power divider circuits 30, which are separately identified as dividers 30-1 through 30-4 for this embodiment.
  • the power dividers 30 each have three outputs and such power dividers are commercially available from Anaren Microwave.
  • the signals SI through S4 are obtained from the outputs of four power combiners 32 which are separately identified as 32-1 through 32-4. Each power combiner has two inputs and is commercially available from Anaren Microwave.
  • the signals Tl through T4 are provided at the outputs of two 90 degree hybrid circuits 25, which are separately identified as hybrids 25-1 and 25-2 and are commercially available from Anaren Microwave.
  • Four 90 degree circuits 29 are also provided which may also be obtained from Anaren Microwave.
  • hybrid 25-1 one output from each divider 30-1 and 30-3 is applied to hybrid 25-1 while one output from each divider 30-2 and 30-4 is applied to hybrid 25-2.
  • Hybrid 25-1 outputs signals Tl and T2 while hybrid 25-2 outputs signal T3 and T4.
  • microwave networks are known to those skilled in the art of microwave networks, and other examples will clearly present themselves to those skilled in the art who read this specification.
  • differing amount of phase delay than the amount indicated by be used in some embodiments and indeed it may be desirable in some embodiments to make the amount (degrees) of phase delay variable.
  • not all signals will be needed for all applications and therefore some practicing the present invention may well choose to make certain simplifications. For example, it has already been mentioned that having both right and left handed circular polarizations may be unnecessary in certain applications.
  • the antenna elements have been described herein as being wire antennas. It should be realized that the present invention (i) is not limited to using wire antennas as the antenna elements and (ii) is not limited to using only four antenna elements on a Hi-Z surface. Four antenna elements are disclosed herein since the experiments related herein were done on the basis of a four element antenna. It is to be understood however that increasing the number of antenna elements is likely to improve the beam diversity switching capabilities of the antenna system with a related increase in the complexity of the combining network.
  • the surface upon which the antenna elements are disposed should function like a Hi-Z surface, i.e., by having a relatively high impedance in a frequency band of interest.
  • the invention is not limited to just the Hi-Z surfaces previously described herein.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'antenne destiné à recevoir à la fois des signaux électromagnétiques polarisés de manière circulaire et des signaux électromagnétiques polarisés de manière linéaire, les signaux à polarisation circulaire arrivant au système d'antenne depuis un sens perpendiculaire ou oblique à une surface principale du système d'antenne et les signaux à polarisation linéaire arrivant au système d'antenne plane depuis un sens aigu par rapport à ladite surface principale. Le système d'antenne comprend une surface de haute impédance ainsi qu'une pluralité d'éléments d'antenne disposés sur ladite surface de haute impédance, la pluralité d'éléments d'antenne étant agencés d'une manière telle, sur ladite surface, que des premiers éléments desdits éléments d'antenne réagissent à une polarisation circulaire, et des seconds éléments desdits éléments d'antenne réagissent à une polarisation linéaire.
PCT/US2002/022142 2001-07-13 2002-07-11 Systeme d'antenne pour communiquer simultanement avec un satellite et un systeme terrestre Ceased WO2003007429A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0400098A GB2394364B (en) 2001-07-13 2002-07-11 Antenna system having high impedance surface
JP2003513085A JP2004535722A (ja) 2001-07-13 2002-07-11 衛星及び地上システムの同時通信用アンテナシステム

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/905,795 US6545647B1 (en) 2001-07-13 2001-07-13 Antenna system for communicating simultaneously with a satellite and a terrestrial system
US09/905,795 2001-07-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003007429A1 true WO2003007429A1 (fr) 2003-01-23

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US (1) US6545647B1 (fr)
JP (2) JP2004535722A (fr)
GB (1) GB2394364B (fr)
TW (1) TW567645B (fr)
WO (1) WO2003007429A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005055364A1 (fr) * 2003-12-02 2005-06-16 Murata Manufacturing Co.,Ltd. Structure d'antenne et dispositif de telecommunication utilisant celle-ci
JP2007135178A (ja) * 2005-10-25 2007-05-31 Tatung Co 部分反射面アンテナ
EP1986271A1 (fr) * 2007-04-24 2008-10-29 Diseno, Radio y Television, S.L.L. Antenne à polarisation circulaire
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