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WO2003098129A1 - Cycles refrigeration/chauffage a pression partielle - Google Patents

Cycles refrigeration/chauffage a pression partielle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003098129A1
WO2003098129A1 PCT/US2003/015887 US0315887W WO03098129A1 WO 2003098129 A1 WO2003098129 A1 WO 2003098129A1 US 0315887 W US0315887 W US 0315887W WO 03098129 A1 WO03098129 A1 WO 03098129A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
gas
liquid
vapor mixture
liquid phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2003/015887
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert D. Hunt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU2003241529A priority Critical patent/AU2003241529A1/en
Publication of WO2003098129A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003098129A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect

Definitions

  • U.S. Pat. No. 1,781,541 describes what is now known as the "Einstein Refrigeration Cycle" in which an inert gas (also referred to as a pressure equalizing gas) is introduced into a liquid refrigerant, causing the refrigerant to evaporate due to a lowering of its partial pressure.
  • Butane was the suggested refrigerant and ammonia was the suggested pressure equalizing gas.
  • the ammonia is absorbed in cool water in order to separate the ammonia from the butane.
  • the ammonia is then driven out of the water by heating the ammonia-water solution to a temperature of approximately 185 F.
  • vapor power cycles which employ selective membranes for separating pressure equalizing gases from vaporized refrigerants.
  • the vapor power cycles of the present invention can be operated using heat sources having temperatures well below those needed by the Einstein refrigeration cycle and ammonia absorption cooling cycles.
  • a refrigeration process includes introducing a gas into a liquid refrigerant to vaporize the liquid refrigerant and produce a vapor mixture.
  • the refrigerant absorbs heat in response to vaporizing.
  • the process further includes separating the vapor mixture into the refrigerant and the gas using a selective membrane, with the refrigerant condensing from the gas phase to the liquid phase and rejecting heat in response to the separating.
  • An apparatus includes an evaporator for evaporating a liquid phase refrigerant containing a gas into a vapor PATENT
  • a refrigeration apparatus includes an evaporator for evaporating a refrigerant from a liquid phase to a gas phase, a condenser for condensing the refrigerant from the liquid phase to the gas phase, and a liquid pump for pumping the refrigerant in liquid phase from the condenser to the evaporator.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a partial pressure refrigeration/heating cycle according to one aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a vapor power cycle according to another aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a refrigeration/heating system according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a vapor power system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 A partial pressure refrigeration/heating cycle according to one aspect of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 1 and indicated generally by reference character 100.
  • the cycle 100 employs an evaporator 102, a selective membrane 104, and a condenser 106.
  • a pressure equalizing gas 108 is introduced into a liquid refrigerant 110 and the resulting mixture 112 is supplied to the evaporator 102.
  • the refrigerant 110 evaporates in the evaporator 102 in the presence of the pressure equalizing gas 108 due to the fact that the partial pressure of the refrigerant 110 is reduced thereby.
  • a resulting vapor mixture 114 is provided by the evaporator 102 to the selective membrane 104, which physically separates the vapor mixture 114 back into its constituent parts, namely, the pressure equalizing gas 108 and the refrigerant.
  • the separated refrigerant is then provided to the condenser 106, where it condenses back to the liquid phase due to the removal of the pressure equalizing gas 108.
  • the liquid phase refrigerant 110 from the condenser 106 is then mixed again with the partial pressure gas 108 and provided to the evaporator 102, and the cycle continues.
  • the evaporator 102 absorbs heat due to the latent heat of PATENT
  • arrow 118 indicates the heat that is rejected by the condenser 106 due to the latent heat of condensation of the refrigerant.
  • the cycle 100 can thus be used to provide cooling or heating, as appreciated by those skilled in the art.
  • the cycle can also be used to produce useful power, as further described below.
  • the selective membrane 104 may be, e.g., a gas- selective membrane through which the pressure equalizing gas, and not the gaseous refrigerant, can pass or, alternatively, a gas-selective membrane through which the gaseous refrigerant, and not the pressure equalizing gas, can pass.
  • the selective membrane 104 may also employ multiple selective membranes. The choice of a selective membrane 104 for any given application of the invention will depend upon the type of refrigerant and pressure equalizing gas employed.
  • the refrigerant can be vaporized in the evaporator at a higher pressure than conventional refrigeration cycles .
  • ammonia and butane are utilized as the pressure equalizing gas and the refrigerant, respectively.
  • One or more pumps may also be included in the cycle 100 of Fig. 1 for circulating the refrigerant and the pressure equalizing gas.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a modified version of the cycle 100 of Fig. 1 in which an energy conversion device 202 is inserted between the evaporator 102 and the selective membrane 104.
  • useful power 204 can be produced from the high pressure, high temperature vapor mixture produced within the evaporator.
  • the energy conversion device 202 may be, e.g., a thermoelectric device for producing electric power from the thermal energy of the vapor mixture, a turbine or power piston for producing mechanical energy by expanding the high temperature, high pressure vapor mixture, etc.
  • Suitable power pistons includes those disclosed in U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/384,788 filed June 3, 2002, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the system 300 includes an evaporator 302, a selective membrane 304, a condenser 306, a liquid refrigerant pump 320, a throttle 322, a venturi valve 324, and a heat exchanger 326.
  • the liquid pump 320 pressurizes the evaporator 302 by pumping liquid refrigerant 310 from the condenser 306 and through the throttle 322 and the venturi valve 324.
  • the passage of the liquid refrigerant 310 through the venturi valve 324 creates suction which draws the pressure equalizing gas 308 through the venturi valve 324 where it becomes entrained in the liquid refrigerant to form a mixture 312.
  • This mixture 312 is provided to the evaporator 302, where it is vaporized and absorbs heat from the external environment to produce heat lift.
  • the resulting vapor mixture is provided to the selective membrane 304, which physically separates the vapor mixture 314 back into the pressure equalizing gas 308 and the refrigerant.
  • Low pressure formed by the venturi valve 324 draws the pressure equalizing gas through the heat exchanger 326, which rejects heat from the pressure equalizing gas to the external PATENT
  • the separated refrigerant is provided to the condenser 306, where it condenses back to the liquid phase and rejects heat to the external environment.
  • the liquid phase refrigerant 310 from the condenser 306 is then mixed again with the pressure equalizing gas 308 via the venturi valve 324, and the cycle continues.
  • the venturi valve 324 is preferably located within a short distance of the evaporator 302, and may instead be located on or in the evaporator 302.
  • the evaporator 302 may also include a liquid sight glass 328, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • a refrigeration cycle is provided in which a refrigerant is circulated via the liquid pump 320, which uses only a fraction of the energy required to pump refrigerant in gaseous form (as is commonly done in conventional refrigeration systems) .
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a modification to the system of Fig. 3 by positioning a turbine 430 between the evaporator 302 and the selective membrane 304.
  • a turbine 430 By expanding the high pressure, high temperature vapor mixture 314 through the turbine 430, useful power can be produced.
  • the (mechanical or electric) power produced by the turbine 430 is used to drive the liquid pump 320.
  • the system 400 can be configured as an essentially self-powered (i.e., the only input is heat) PATENT
  • Suitable turbines include a rotary vane turbine of the type disclosed in U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/360,421 filed March 1, 2002, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, a Tesla turbine, and a jet turbine (i.e., a turbine which utilizes jet propulsion for rotation, and which may or may not be bladeless) .
  • Exemplary jet turbines are disclosed in applicant's U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/397,445 filed July 22, 2002, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/400,870 filed August 5, 2002, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/410,441 filed September 16, 2002, and U.S. Provisional Application No. [insert no. here] filed December 10, 2002 [and entitled "Drum Jet Turbine with Counter-Rotating Ring Method of Manufacture"], the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des cycles de production d'énergie des vapeurs mettant en oeuvre des membranes sélectives (104) pour séparer les gaz d'équilibrage de pression (108) produits par les réfrigérants vaporisés. Ces cycles peuvent se mettre en oeuvre en utilisant des sources de chaleur (116) dont les températures sont bien inférieures à celles nécessaires pour le cycle de réfrigération d'Einstein et pour les cycles de refroidissement par absorption à l'ammoniac.
PCT/US2003/015887 2002-05-17 2003-05-19 Cycles refrigeration/chauffage a pression partielle Ceased WO2003098129A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003241529A AU2003241529A1 (en) 2002-05-17 2003-05-19 Partial pressure refrigeration/heating cycle

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US38137402P 2002-05-17 2002-05-17
US60/381,374 2002-05-17
US38412602P 2002-05-30 2002-05-30
US60/384,126 2002-05-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003098129A1 true WO2003098129A1 (fr) 2003-11-27

Family

ID=29553531

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2003/015887 Ceased WO2003098129A1 (fr) 2002-05-17 2003-05-19 Cycles refrigeration/chauffage a pression partielle

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2003241529A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003098129A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021121185A1 (de) 2021-05-27 2022-12-01 Wuyi University Kühlgerät für den Kühlschrank

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1781541A (en) * 1926-12-16 1930-11-11 Electrolux Servel Corp Refrigeration
US4062197A (en) * 1976-07-09 1977-12-13 Hester Jarrett C Absorption heating-cooling system
US4251998A (en) * 1979-02-16 1981-02-24 Natural Energy Systems Hydraulic refrigeration system and method
US4377398A (en) * 1977-04-21 1983-03-22 Motorola Inc. Heat energized vapor adsorbent pump
US4748826A (en) * 1984-08-24 1988-06-07 Michael Laumen Thermotechnik Ohg. Refrigerating or heat pump and jet pump for use therein
US5056323A (en) * 1990-06-26 1991-10-15 Natural Energy Systems Hydrocarbon refrigeration system and method
US5456084A (en) * 1993-11-01 1995-10-10 The Boc Group, Inc. Cryogenic heat exchange system and freeze dryer
US5873260A (en) * 1997-04-02 1999-02-23 Linhardt; Hans D. Refrigeration apparatus and method

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1781541A (en) * 1926-12-16 1930-11-11 Electrolux Servel Corp Refrigeration
US4062197A (en) * 1976-07-09 1977-12-13 Hester Jarrett C Absorption heating-cooling system
US4377398A (en) * 1977-04-21 1983-03-22 Motorola Inc. Heat energized vapor adsorbent pump
US4251998A (en) * 1979-02-16 1981-02-24 Natural Energy Systems Hydraulic refrigeration system and method
US4748826A (en) * 1984-08-24 1988-06-07 Michael Laumen Thermotechnik Ohg. Refrigerating or heat pump and jet pump for use therein
US5056323A (en) * 1990-06-26 1991-10-15 Natural Energy Systems Hydrocarbon refrigeration system and method
US5456084A (en) * 1993-11-01 1995-10-10 The Boc Group, Inc. Cryogenic heat exchange system and freeze dryer
US5873260A (en) * 1997-04-02 1999-02-23 Linhardt; Hans D. Refrigeration apparatus and method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021121185A1 (de) 2021-05-27 2022-12-01 Wuyi University Kühlgerät für den Kühlschrank
DE102021121185B4 (de) 2021-05-27 2022-12-08 Wuyi University Kühlgerät für den Kühlschrank

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003241529A1 (en) 2003-12-02

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