WO2003097451A1 - Method for recovering ballast from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines on board airships - Google Patents
Method for recovering ballast from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines on board airships Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003097451A1 WO2003097451A1 PCT/DE2003/001653 DE0301653W WO03097451A1 WO 2003097451 A1 WO2003097451 A1 WO 2003097451A1 DE 0301653 W DE0301653 W DE 0301653W WO 03097451 A1 WO03097451 A1 WO 03097451A1
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- exhaust gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64B—LIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
- B64B1/00—Lighter-than-air aircraft
- B64B1/70—Ballasting arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64B—LIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
- B64B1/00—Lighter-than-air aircraft
- B64B1/06—Rigid airships; Semi-rigid airships
- B64B1/24—Arrangement of propulsion plant
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for obtaining ballast from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, in particular wave power gas turbines, on board airships.
- the fuel consumed during the journey leads to a continuous decrease in the weight to be carried by the lifting gas.
- the weight loss was compensated for by releasing the lifting gas.
- Ballast water production in the LZ 130 airship is described in the VDI magazine, vol. 83, no. 15, (1939).
- the exhaust gases from the piston engines used there pass through a three-stage cooler. In the first stage, the hot exhaust gas is cooled from 500 ° C to approx. 400 ° C using ambient air. In an exhaust gas temperature of 50 ° C is reached in a second stage water cooler. The exhaust gas is cooled to about 5 ° C above the ambient temperature in a final air-cooled heat exchanger.
- weight compensation of fuel consumption could be achieved with such a system under certain conditions. These systems were large and heavy and, depending on the cooler design, caused considerable additional air resistance or a loss of efficiency in the propulsion system of the airship.
- Wave power gas turbines are only possible with great additional effort and lead to unacceptable technical solutions. Gas turbines are operated with a much higher excess air. This also reduces the "dew point" of the exhaust gases. This means a higher cooling effort for a larger mass throughput.
- the object of the invention is a method for obtaining non-corrosive ballast from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, in particular wave power gas turbines, on board airships, which requires little energy and equipment and the ballast recovery corresponds at least to the weight compensation of fuel consumption.
- this object is achieved in that, according to the method for obtaining ballast from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, in particular wave power gas turbines, on board airships
- wash liquor Absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) and condensation of water vapor takes place by guiding an exhaust gas stream through a basic aqueous solution (“wash liquor”).
- wash liquor ammonia-water or a crystalline hydroxide of an alkali or alkaline earth metal dissolved in water or spent alkali can be used as the wash liquor.
- the hydroxide has a low molecular weight.
- the hydroxide is an alkali or alkaline earth metal with a chemical atomic number between 3 and 12.
- lithium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide with water of crystallization can be used as the wash liquor.
- wash liquor and the carbon dioxide are brought into intensive contact.
- the wash liquor absorbs the CO2 from the exhaust gas stream in a contact apparatus.
- the contact apparatus is a jet washer and / or a
- the temperature range can also be partially in the laundry itself, for example
- the CO2 and the wash liquor react to form carbonate and / or hydrogen carbonate, which is separated off and stored on board.
- the invention is based on the idea that the combustion of 1kg of kerosene produces about 3kg of carbon dioxide (CO2). By separating this A sufficient amount of ballast can be obtained in the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engines.
- CO2 can be absorbed in basic aqueous solutions ("alkalis") by washing processes known from the chemical industry (amine, Benfield, etc.) and reacts therein to carbonate and / or to hydrogen carbonate. This can then be separated off using conventional processes and as ballast on board
- alkalis basic aqueous solutions
- the carbonate-containing aqueous solution is hygroscopic, ie, in addition to the absorption of CO2, it leads to a considerable extent to the condensation of water vapor from the exhaust gas and thus to the accumulation of additional ballast.
- the alkali is either carried along (for example, as ammonia water) or produced on board the airship from the hydroxide of an alkali or alkaline earth metal by dissolving it in water or in an already used alkali.
- Hydroxides of alkali or alkaline earth metals should preferably be low
- Alkali and alkaline earth metals with a chemical atomic number between 3 and 12, i.e. Li, Be, Na, Mg.
- the lye should absorb the CO2 from the exhaust gas in a contact apparatus in which the two phases to improve the mass transfer in intensive
- ballast which is as non-corrosive as possible from the CO2 contained in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engines used in an amount with which at least the fuel consumption
- Airship drives can be compensated. Ballast should preferably be produced in excess in order to achieve complete weight compensation by ballast recovery from a partial flow of the entire exhaust gas of the drives, ie not having to provide a system for every drive unit of the airship. Since the solubility of gases in washing liquids (here: CO2 in lye) generally increases with decreasing temperature, the exhaust gas should be cooled before contact with the washing liquor, preferably to 0 ° C to 40 ° C. The cooling down to this temperature range can also partially take place in the laundry itself, for example by quenching. Because when the gas is dissolved in the liquid
- the basic sequence of the method according to the invention is shown as a block diagram.
- the hot exhaust gas 2 of an internal combustion engine 1 is passed through an exhaust gas cooler 3, in which the heat is given off to the ambient air 4.
- the cooler can be designed in several stages and can also use other cooling media.
- the cooled exhaust gas 5 is brought into intensive contact with the treated wash liquor 7 in a contact apparatus 6.
- the wash liquor 7 should also be cooled.
- the contact apparatus 6 also contains a separator for the carbonate / hydrogen carbonate 9, which is passed into a ballast collecting container 10.
- the exhaust gas 8 cleaned of CO2 can be released into the environment from the contact apparatus 6.
- the method according to the invention is finally explained using a concrete example.
- the exhaust gas After the exhaust gas has been cooled to 15 ° C., it is passed into a jet scrubber with a downstream wash column.
- the jet washer and washing column are operated isothermally at 15 ° C. and are designed so that together they represent an equilibrium stage in the thermodynamic sense. This is easy to achieve in terms of apparatus.
- the laundry is operated with aqueous LiOH liquor at a pH of 8.5, which is circulated. Due to the chemical binding of CO2 to carbonate, the pH value of the alkali drops, so that fresh alkali has to be constantly added to the circuit via a pH sensor.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Ballast aus dem Abgas von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen an Bord von LuftschiffenProcess for obtaining ballast from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines on board airships
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Ballast aus dem Abgas von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, insbesondere Wellenleistungsgasturbinen, an Bord von Luftschiffen.The invention relates to a method for obtaining ballast from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, in particular wave power gas turbines, on board airships.
Beim Betrieb eines Luftschiffes führt der während der Fahrt verbrauchte Kraftstoff zu einer kontinuierlichen Abnahme des vom Traggas zu tragenden Gewichtes. Bei Luftschiffen mit Wasserstoff als Traggas wurde der Gewichtsverlust durch Ablassen von Traggas ausgeglichen.When operating an airship, the fuel consumed during the journey leads to a continuous decrease in the weight to be carried by the lifting gas. In the case of airships with hydrogen as the lifting gas, the weight loss was compensated for by releasing the lifting gas.
Bei modernen Luftschiffen mit Heliumfüllung ist das aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen nicht mehr möglich. An Bord des Luftschiffes muß während der Fahrt Masse in Form von Ballast gewonnen/rückgewonnen werden.In modern airships with helium filling, this is no longer possible for economic reasons. On board the airship, mass in the form of ballast must be gained / recovered during the journey.
Aus der DE-PS 465 461 sind ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zur Gewinnung von Ballast aus den Auspuffgasen der Motoren bei Luftschiffen bekannt. Die Gase werden zu ihrer Abkühlung durch hohle Blätter der zum Betrieb des Luftschiffes verwandten Propeller geführt. Das sich im Propeller niederschlagende Wasser wird durch entsprechende, um den Propeller angeordnete, Vorrichtungen aufgefangen.From DE-PS 465 461 a method and a device for extracting ballast from the exhaust gases of the engines in airships are known. The gases are led to their cooling through hollow blades of the propellers used to operate the airship. The water precipitating in the propeller is collected by appropriate devices arranged around the propeller.
Die US-amerikanischen Luftschiffe "Akron" und "Macon" waren mit luftgekühlten Ballastwassergewinnungsanlagen ausgestattet. Die verwendeten Wärmetauscher vergrößerten den Luftwiderstand wesentlich und erforderten eine sehr aufwendige Reinigung und Wartung.The US airships "Akron" and "Macon" were equipped with air-cooled ballast water extraction systems. The heat exchangers used significantly increased the air resistance and required a very complex cleaning and maintenance.
In der VDI-Zeitschrift Bd. 83, Nr. 15, (1939) ist die Ballastwassergewinnung im Luftschiff LZ 130 beschrieben. Die Abgase der dort eingesetzten Kolbenmotoren durchlaufen dabei einen dreistufigen Kühler. In der ersten Stufe wird das heiße Abgas mittels umströmender Umgebungsluft von 500° C auf ca. 400°C gekühlt. In einem Wasserkühler der zweiten Stufe wird eine Abgastemperatur von 50°C erreicht. In einem abschließenden luftgekühlten Wärmetauscher wird das Abgas auf etwa 5°C über der Umgebungstemperatur abgekühlt. Bei Kolbenmotoren konnte mit einer solchen Anlage unter bestimmten Bedingungen eine Gewichtskompensation des Kraftstoffverbrauchs erreicht werden. Diese Anlagen waren groß und schwer und verursachten je nach Kühlerauslegung einen erheblichen zusätzlichen Luftwiderstand oder einen Verlust an Effizienz der Antriebe des Luftschiffes.Ballast water production in the LZ 130 airship is described in the VDI magazine, vol. 83, no. 15, (1939). The exhaust gases from the piston engines used there pass through a three-stage cooler. In the first stage, the hot exhaust gas is cooled from 500 ° C to approx. 400 ° C using ambient air. In an exhaust gas temperature of 50 ° C is reached in a second stage water cooler. The exhaust gas is cooled to about 5 ° C above the ambient temperature in a final air-cooled heat exchanger. With piston systems, weight compensation of fuel consumption could be achieved with such a system under certain conditions. These systems were large and heavy and, depending on the cooler design, caused considerable additional air resistance or a loss of efficiency in the propulsion system of the airship.
Die Übertragung dieser Technik auf moderne Dieselmotoren oderThe transfer of this technology to modern diesel engines or
Wellenleistungsgasturbinen ist nur mit großem Zusatzaufwand möglich und führt zu inakzeptalen technischen Lösungen. Gasturbinen werden bei wesentlich höherem Luftüberschuß betrieben. Damit sinkt auch der "Taupunkt" der Abgase. Das bedeutet einen höheren Kühlaufwand für einen größeren Massendurchsatz.Wave power gas turbines are only possible with great additional effort and lead to unacceptable technical solutions. Gas turbines are operated with a much higher excess air. This also reduces the "dew point" of the exhaust gases. This means a higher cooling effort for a larger mass throughput.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Gewinnung von nicht korrosiv wirkendem Ballast aus dem Abgas von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, insbesondere Wellenleistungsgasturbinen, an Bord von Luftschiffen, das einen geringen energetischen und apparativen Aufwand erfordert und die Ballastgewinnung mindestens der Gewichtskompensation des Kraftstoffverbrauchs entspricht.The object of the invention is a method for obtaining non-corrosive ballast from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, in particular wave power gas turbines, on board airships, which requires little energy and equipment and the ballast recovery corresponds at least to the weight compensation of fuel consumption.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß nach dem Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Ballast aus dem Abgas von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, insbesondere Wellenleistungsgasturbinen, an Bord von Luftschiffen eineAccording to the invention, this object is achieved in that, according to the method for obtaining ballast from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, in particular wave power gas turbines, on board airships
Absorption von Kohlendioxid (CO2) und ein Auskondensieren von Wasserdampf durch eine Führung eines Abgasstromes durch eine basische wassrige Lösung ("Waschlauge") erfolgt. Als Waschlauge kann nach der Erfindung Ammoniak-Wasser oder ein in Wasser oder verbrauchter Lauge gelöstes kristallines Hydroxid eines Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetalls eingesetzt werden.Absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) and condensation of water vapor takes place by guiding an exhaust gas stream through a basic aqueous solution (“wash liquor”). According to the invention, ammonia-water or a crystalline hydroxide of an alkali or alkaline earth metal dissolved in water or spent alkali can be used as the wash liquor.
Es ist zweckmäßig, daß das Hydroxid ein geringes Molekulargewicht aufweist. In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das Hydroxid ein Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetall mit einer chemischen Ordnungszahl zwischen 3 und 12.It is desirable that the hydroxide have a low molecular weight. In an embodiment of the invention, the hydroxide is an alkali or alkaline earth metal with a chemical atomic number between 3 and 12.
Erfindungsgemäß kann als Waschlauge Lithiumhydroxid oder Lithiumhydroxid mit Kristallwasser eingesetzt werden.According to the invention, lithium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide with water of crystallization can be used as the wash liquor.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung werden die Waschlauge und das Kohlendioxid in einen intensiven Kontakt gebracht.In a further embodiment, the wash liquor and the carbon dioxide are brought into intensive contact.
Erfindungsgemäß nimmt die Waschlauge das CO2 aus dem Abgasstrom in einem Kontaktapparat auf.According to the invention, the wash liquor absorbs the CO2 from the exhaust gas stream in a contact apparatus.
In Ausgestaltung ist der Kontaktapparat ein Strahlwäscher und/oder eineIn one embodiment, the contact apparatus is a jet washer and / or a
Waschkolonne.Washing column.
Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, den Abgasstrom vor Einleitung in die Waschlauge und/ oder die Waschlauge selbst zu kühlen. Die Medien werden auf eine Temperatur von 0°C bis 40°C gekühlt. Die Herabkühlung auf diesenIt is particularly advantageous to cool the exhaust gas stream before it is introduced into the wash liquor and / or the wash liquor itself. The media are cooled to a temperature of 0 ° C to 40 ° C. The cooling down on this
Temperaturbereich kann teilweise auch in der Wäsche selbst, bspw. durchThe temperature range can also be partially in the laundry itself, for example
Quenchen, erfolgen.Quench, done.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung reagieren das CO2 und die Waschlauge zu Karbonat und/oder Hydrogenkarbonat, das abgeschieden und an Bord gelagert wird.In a further embodiment, the CO2 and the wash liquor react to form carbonate and / or hydrogen carbonate, which is separated off and stored on board.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Die zugehörige Zeichnung zeigt ein Blockdiagramm zum erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren.The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. The accompanying drawing shows a block diagram of the method according to the invention.
Der Erfindung liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, daß bei der Verbrennung von 1kg Kerosin etwa 3kg Kohlendioxid (CO2) gebildet werden. Durch Abscheiden dieses im Abgas der Verbrennungskraftmaschinen enthaltenen CO2 ist die Gewinnung einer ausreichenden Menge an Ballast möglich.The invention is based on the idea that the combustion of 1kg of kerosene produces about 3kg of carbon dioxide (CO2). By separating this A sufficient amount of ballast can be obtained in the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engines.
CO2 kann nach aus der chemischen Industrie bekannten Waschverfahren (Amin, Benfield u.s.w.) in basischen wässrigen Lösungen („Laugen") absorbiert werden und reagiert darin zu Karbonat und / oder zu Hydrogenkarbonat. Dieses kann dann mit Hilfe üblicher Verfahren abgeschieden und als Ballast an Bord des Luftschiffes gelagert werden. Die karbonathaltige wassrige Lösung ist hygroskopisch, d.h. sie führt neben der Absorption von CO2 in erheblichem Umfang zum Auskondensieren von Wasserdampf aus dem Abgas und damit zur Ansammlung zusätzlichen Ballasts.CO2 can be absorbed in basic aqueous solutions ("alkalis") by washing processes known from the chemical industry (amine, Benfield, etc.) and reacts therein to carbonate and / or to hydrogen carbonate. This can then be separated off using conventional processes and as ballast on board The carbonate-containing aqueous solution is hygroscopic, ie, in addition to the absorption of CO2, it leads to a considerable extent to the condensation of water vapor from the exhaust gas and thus to the accumulation of additional ballast.
Die Lauge wird erfindungsgemäß entweder mitgeführt (bspw. als Ammoniak- Wasser) oder an Bord des Luftschiffs aus dem Hydroxid eines Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetalls durch Lösen in Wasser oder in bereits verbrauchter Lauge hergestellt. Bevorzugt sollen Hydroxide von Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetallen geringenAccording to the invention, the alkali is either carried along (for example, as ammonia water) or produced on board the airship from the hydroxide of an alkali or alkaline earth metal by dissolving it in water or in an already used alkali. Hydroxides of alkali or alkaline earth metals should preferably be low
Molekulargewichts verwendet werden, um das Startgewicht des Luftschiffes möglichst wenig zu beeinflussen. Bevorzugt werden Alkali- und Erdalkalimetalle mit einer chemischen Ordnungszahl zwischen 3 und 12, d.h. Li, Be, Na, Mg. Die Lauge soll das CO2 aus dem Abgas in einem Kontaktapparat aufnehmen, in dem die beiden Phasen zur Verbesserung des Stofftransports in intensivenMolecular weight are used to influence the takeoff weight of the airship as little as possible. Alkali and alkaline earth metals with a chemical atomic number between 3 and 12, i.e. Li, Be, Na, Mg. The lye should absorb the CO2 from the exhaust gas in a contact apparatus in which the two phases to improve the mass transfer in intensive
Kontakt miteinander gebracht werden. Als Kontaktapparat kann ein Strahlwäscher, eine Waschkolonne oder eine Kombination beider eingesetzt werden. Intention der Erfindung ist es, möglichst nicht korrosiv wirkenden Ballast aus dem im Abgas der verwendeten Verbrennungskraftmaschinen enthaltenen CO2 in einer Menge zu gewinnen, mit der mindestens der Kraftstoffverbrauch derBe brought into contact with each other. A jet washer, a washing column or a combination of both can be used as the contact apparatus. The intention of the invention is to obtain ballast which is as non-corrosive as possible from the CO2 contained in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engines used in an amount with which at least the fuel consumption
Luftschiffantriebe kompensiert werden kann. Vorzugsweise soll Ballast im Überschuß produziert werden, um eine vollständige Gewichtskompensation durch Ballastrückgewinnung aus einem Teilstrom des gesamten Abgases der Antriebe zu erreichen, d.h. nicht für jede Antriebseinheit des Luftschiffes ein System vorsehen zu müssen. Da die Löslichkeit von Gasen in Waschfiüssigkeiten (hier: CO2 in Lauge) generell mit abnehmender Temperatur zunimmt, soll das Abgas vor Kontakt mit der Waschlauge gekühlt werden, vorzugsweise auf 0°C bis 40°C. Die Herabkühlung auf diesen Temperaturbereich kann teilweise auch in der Wäsche selbst, bspw. durch Quenchen, erfolgen. Da bei der Lösung des Gases in der FlüssigkeitAirship drives can be compensated. Ballast should preferably be produced in excess in order to achieve complete weight compensation by ballast recovery from a partial flow of the entire exhaust gas of the drives, ie not having to provide a system for every drive unit of the airship. Since the solubility of gases in washing liquids (here: CO2 in lye) generally increases with decreasing temperature, the exhaust gas should be cooled before contact with the washing liquor, preferably to 0 ° C to 40 ° C. The cooling down to this temperature range can also partially take place in the laundry itself, for example by quenching. Because when the gas is dissolved in the liquid
Sorptionswärme frei wird, soll auch die Waschlauge auf diese Temperatur gekühlt werden. Die Auslegung der Kühler für eine Anwendung im Luftschiff ist anspruchsvoll.Sorption heat is released, the wash liquor should also be cooled to this temperature. The design of the cooler for use in an airship is demanding.
Der grundlegende Ablauf des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist als Blockdiagramm dargestellt. Das heiße Abgas 2 einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 wird über einen Abgaskühler 3 geleitet, in dem die Wärme an die Umgebungsluft 4 abgegeben wird. Der Kühler kann mehrstufig ausgeführt sein und kann auch noch weitere Kühlmedien verwenden. Das gekühlte Abgas 5 wird zusammen mit der aufbereiteten Waschlauge 7 in einem Kontaktapparat 6 in intensiven Kontakt gebracht. Die Waschlauge 7 sollte ebenfalls gekühlt sein. Der Kontaktapparat 6 enthält auch einen Abscheider für das Karbonat / Hydrogenkarbonat 9, das in einen Ballast-Sammelbehälter 10 geleitet wird. Das von CO2 gereinigte Abgas 8 kann aus dem Kontaktapparat 6 in die Umgebung abgegeben werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird abschließend an einem konkreten Beispiel erläutert.The basic sequence of the method according to the invention is shown as a block diagram. The hot exhaust gas 2 of an internal combustion engine 1 is passed through an exhaust gas cooler 3, in which the heat is given off to the ambient air 4. The cooler can be designed in several stages and can also use other cooling media. The cooled exhaust gas 5 is brought into intensive contact with the treated wash liquor 7 in a contact apparatus 6. The wash liquor 7 should also be cooled. The contact apparatus 6 also contains a separator for the carbonate / hydrogen carbonate 9, which is passed into a ballast collecting container 10. The exhaust gas 8 cleaned of CO2 can be released into the environment from the contact apparatus 6. The method according to the invention is finally explained using a concrete example.
Bei der Verbrennung von beispielsweise 0,5 to/h Kerosin mit trockener Umgebungsluft in einer Wellenleistungsgasturbine fallen etwa 30 to/h Abgas bei 650°C mit folgender Zusammensetzung an: N2 75,8 mol-%, O2 17,1 mol-%, CO2 5,0 mol-%, H2O 2,1 mol-%, sowie Spuren von Sox, Nox und Ruß.When, for example, 0.5 to / h of kerosene is burned with dry ambient air in a wave power gas turbine, about 30 to / h of exhaust gas are produced at 650 ° C with the following composition: N2 75.8 mol%, O2 17.1 mol%, CO2 5.0 mol%, H2O 2.1 mol%, as well as traces of Sox, Nox and soot.
Nach Kühlung des Abgases auf 15°C wird dieses in einen Strahlwäscher mit nachgeschalteter Waschkolonne geführt. Strahlwäscher und Waschkolonne werden in diesem Anwendungsbeispiel isotherm bei 15°C betrieben und sind so ausgeführt, daß sie zusammen eine Gleichgewichtsstufe im thermodynamischen Sinne darstellen. Dies ist apparativ einfach zu erreichen. Die Wäsche wird mit wässriger LiOH-Lauge bei einem pH-Wert von 8,5 betrieben, die im Kreislauf gefahren wird. Durch die chemische Bindung von CO2 zu Karbonat fällt der pH-Wert der Lauge, sodaß dem Kreislauf über einen pH-Sensor geregelt ständig Frischlauge zudosiert werden muß.After the exhaust gas has been cooled to 15 ° C., it is passed into a jet scrubber with a downstream wash column. In this application example, the jet washer and washing column are operated isothermally at 15 ° C. and are designed so that together they represent an equilibrium stage in the thermodynamic sense. This is easy to achieve in terms of apparatus. The laundry is operated with aqueous LiOH liquor at a pH of 8.5, which is circulated. Due to the chemical binding of CO2 to carbonate, the pH value of the alkali drops, so that fresh alkali has to be constantly added to the circuit via a pH sensor.
Für dieses Szenario ergibt sich im stationären Betrieb eine Abscheidung von CO2, das zu 190 kg/h Li2C03 reagiert und als Feststoff ausgetragen wird. Weiter fallen 430 kg/h Wasser an, das teilweise durch die Neutralisationsreaktion gebildet und teilweise aus der Gasphase abgeschieden wird. Dem steht ein Verbrauch als Masseverlust von 0,5 to/h Kerosin und 20 kg/h LiOH gegenüber. Damit ergibt sich ein Massengewinn von 620 kg/h, dem ein Masseverlust von 500 kg/h Kerosin und 120 kg/h Chemikalien gegenübersteht, sodaß die Gesamtmasse des Luftschiffs konstant bleibt.For this scenario, there is a separation of CO2 in stationary operation, which reacts to 190 kg / h Li2C03 and is discharged as a solid. 430 kg / h of water are also obtained, which is partly formed by the neutralization reaction and partly separated from the gas phase. This is offset by consumption as a mass loss of 0.5 to / h kerosene and 20 kg / h LiOH. This results in a mass gain of 620 kg / h, which is offset by a mass loss of 500 kg / h kerosene and 120 kg / h chemicals, so that the total mass of the airship remains constant.
Wollte man den Ballast für diesen Betriebsfall durch Kondensation gewinnen, müßte das Abgas auf unter -5 °C gekühlt werden, was technische Probleme der Bereitstellung der erforderlichen Kälteleistung sowie betriebliche Probleme durch Unterschreiten des Gefrierpunkts und Vereisung des Kondensators erwarten läßt.If you wanted to gain the ballast for this type of operation by condensation, the exhaust gas would have to be cooled to below -5 ° C, which leads to technical problems of providing the required cooling capacity and operational problems from falling below the freezing point and icing of the condenser.
Den vorhergehend genannten Industrieprozessen ist gemein, daß gasförmiges CO2 gewonnen wird, das dann bei Bedarf unter hohem Druck bei tiefer Temperatur kondensiert werden muß. Die dafür erforderlichen Prozeßbedingungen wären jedoch, ähnlich der reinen Kondensation von Wasserdampf, ohne erheblichen energetischen und apparativen Aufwand in einem Luftschiff nicht darstellbar und auch nicht zielführend, denn die Lagerung des gasförmigen CO2 würde viel Raum beanspruchen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht eine hinsichtlich Gewicht, Größe, Leistungsbedarf und sonstigem Aufwand (z.B. Nutzung von Hilfsstoffen) akzeptable apparative Lösung zur Gewinnung von Ballast in adäquater Form aus dem Abgas der Verbrennungskraftmaschinen an Bord eines Luftschiffes. Das Verfahren ist besonders vorteilhaft für Langstreckenmissionen von großen LastenLuftschiffen. BezugszeichenaufstellungThe industrial processes mentioned above have in common that gaseous CO2 is obtained, which then has to be condensed if necessary under high pressure at low temperature. However, the process conditions required for this, like the pure condensation of water vapor, would not be feasible in an airship without considerable energy and equipment expenditure and would also not be expedient, because the storage of the gaseous CO2 would take up a lot of space. The method according to the invention enables an apparatus solution for obtaining ballast in an adequate form from the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engines on board an airship, which is acceptable in terms of weight, size, power requirement and other expenditure (for example, use of auxiliary substances). The method is particularly advantageous for long-range missions of large cargo airships. REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Verbrennungskraftmaschine1 internal combustion engine
2 heißes Abgas 3 Abgaskühler2 hot exhaust gas 3 exhaust gas cooler
4 Umgebungsluft4 ambient air
5 gekühltes Abgas5 cooled exhaust gas
6 Kontaktapparat mit Abscheider6 Contact device with separator
7 aufbereitete Waschlauge 8 gereinigtes Abgas7 treated washing liquor 8 cleaned exhaust gas
9 Karbonat/Hydrogenkarbonat9 carbonate / hydrogen carbonate
10 Ballast-Sammelbehälter 10 ballast containers
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003269811A AU2003269811A1 (en) | 2002-05-21 | 2003-05-21 | Method for recovering ballast from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines on board airships |
| DE10393100T DE10393100D2 (en) | 2002-05-21 | 2003-05-21 | Process for recovering ballast from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines on board craft |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10222345 | 2002-05-21 | ||
| DE10222345.9 | 2002-05-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003097451A1 true WO2003097451A1 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
Family
ID=29432163
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2003/001653 Ceased WO2003097451A1 (en) | 2002-05-21 | 2003-05-21 | Method for recovering ballast from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines on board airships |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2003269811A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10393100D2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003097451A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USD583294S1 (en) | 2007-03-07 | 2008-12-23 | Lta Corporation | Airship |
| US7866601B2 (en) | 2006-10-20 | 2011-01-11 | Lta Corporation | Lenticular airship |
| US8297550B2 (en) | 2007-08-09 | 2012-10-30 | Lta Corporation | Lenticular airship and associated controls |
| USD670638S1 (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2012-11-13 | Lta Corporation | Airship |
| US8596571B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2013-12-03 | Lta Corporation | Airship including aerodynamic, floatation, and deployable structures |
| US8894002B2 (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2014-11-25 | Lta Corporation | System and method for solar-powered airship |
| US9802690B2 (en) | 2013-11-04 | 2017-10-31 | Lta Corporation | Cargo airship |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1426047A (en) * | 1919-02-13 | 1922-08-15 | Cooke Charles John | Airship |
| US4217238A (en) * | 1976-12-14 | 1980-08-12 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Process for removing acid gases with hindered amines and amino acids |
-
2003
- 2003-05-21 WO PCT/DE2003/001653 patent/WO2003097451A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-05-21 DE DE10393100T patent/DE10393100D2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-21 AU AU2003269811A patent/AU2003269811A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1426047A (en) * | 1919-02-13 | 1922-08-15 | Cooke Charles John | Airship |
| US4217238A (en) * | 1976-12-14 | 1980-08-12 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Process for removing acid gases with hindered amines and amino acids |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7866601B2 (en) | 2006-10-20 | 2011-01-11 | Lta Corporation | Lenticular airship |
| US8109462B2 (en) | 2006-10-20 | 2012-02-07 | Lta Corporation | Lenticular airship |
| USD583294S1 (en) | 2007-03-07 | 2008-12-23 | Lta Corporation | Airship |
| US8616503B2 (en) | 2007-08-09 | 2013-12-31 | Lta Corporation | Lenticular airship and associated controls |
| US8297550B2 (en) | 2007-08-09 | 2012-10-30 | Lta Corporation | Lenticular airship and associated controls |
| US9840318B2 (en) | 2007-08-09 | 2017-12-12 | Pierre Balaskovic | Lenticular airship and associated controls |
| US9828082B2 (en) | 2007-10-18 | 2017-11-28 | Lta Corporation | Airship having a cargo compartment |
| USD670638S1 (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2012-11-13 | Lta Corporation | Airship |
| US8894002B2 (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2014-11-25 | Lta Corporation | System and method for solar-powered airship |
| US8899514B2 (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2014-12-02 | Lta Corporation | System and method for varying airship aerostatic buoyancy |
| US8596571B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2013-12-03 | Lta Corporation | Airship including aerodynamic, floatation, and deployable structures |
| US9745042B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2017-08-29 | Lta Corporation | Airship including aerodynamic, floatation, and deployable structures |
| US9802690B2 (en) | 2013-11-04 | 2017-10-31 | Lta Corporation | Cargo airship |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003269811A1 (en) | 2003-12-02 |
| DE10393100D2 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
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