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WO2003094732A1 - Evaluation de la susceptiblite aux lesions musculaires - Google Patents

Evaluation de la susceptiblite aux lesions musculaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003094732A1
WO2003094732A1 PCT/AU2003/000544 AU0300544W WO03094732A1 WO 2003094732 A1 WO2003094732 A1 WO 2003094732A1 AU 0300544 W AU0300544 W AU 0300544W WO 03094732 A1 WO03094732 A1 WO 03094732A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
muscle
torque
susceptibility
measurements
generated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU2003/000544
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English (en)
Inventor
David L. Morgan
Uwe Proske
Camilla L. Brockett
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Monash University
Original Assignee
Monash University
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to AU2003221633A priority Critical patent/AU2003221633A1/en
Publication of WO2003094732A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003094732A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/22—Ergometry; Measuring muscular strength or the force of a muscular blow
    • A61B5/224—Measuring muscular strength
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
    • A61B5/4528—Joints
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7232—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes involving compression of the physiological signal, e.g. to extend the signal recording period
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/50—Force related parameters
    • A63B2220/54—Torque
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2230/00—Measuring physiological parameters of the user
    • A63B2230/60—Measuring physiological parameters of the user muscle strain, i.e. measured on the user

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus and methods for evaluating the susceptibility of muscles to tear injury. It relates particularly but not exclusively to computer software and apparatus for evaluating the susceptibility of a muscle to damage during eccentric contraction, a method of evaluating this susceptibility, and a method of reducing the susceptibility of a muscle to damage during eccentric contraction.
  • Muscle strain is a tearing of the muscle, or breaking of many adjacent fibres which is particularly prevalent in athletes and individuals who frequently participate in sporting activities, often regardless of their fitness level.
  • Muscle strains are particularly prevalent in sports that involve sprinting, such as football and track and field athletics.
  • Hamstring muscle strains have been one of the most common forms of sporting injuries in Australia for many years, particularly in football and athletics.
  • Hamstring strains also have one of the largest recurrence rates, suggesting that current protective training programs and rehabilitation strategies are not effective.
  • hamstring muscle strains are associated with eccentric contractions, where the contracting muscle is lengthened. Muscles undergo eccentric contractions whenever they act as brakes to slow down a movement. Hamstrings contract eccentrically when they slow the forward swing of the lower leg to prevent overextension of the knee and flexion of the hips. Such movements occur during sprinting and when kicking a ball. The anatomical arrangement of the hamstring muscle contributes to its susceptibility to injury. Because the hamstring muscle is a biarticular muscle group it may be subjected to large length changes. Flexion of the hip and knee occur together during most everyday movements, such as walking, squatting, and sitting with opposing effects on hamstring length.
  • Eccentric exercise in untrained subjects is distinguished from other forms of exercise by the onset of muscle soreness and stiffness the next day. Repeated eccentric contractions have the potential to produce microscopic damage to muscle fibres. In the days after sports such as skiing, horse riding, or bushwalking this is often experienced as sore and tender muscles and is known as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), an indicator of fibre damage caused by eccentric exercise. The damage is thought to result from an initial mechanical event which leads to microscopic disruptions within fibres. These microscopic disruptions are thought to lead to cell membrane damage and subsequent loss of intracellular calcium homeostasis which often leads to damage to the whole fibre. Muscle strain resulting from eccentric contraction is not limited to the hamstring.
  • Any type of muscle which is in contraction whilst being lengthened is susceptible to this type of damage.
  • body builders who lift and release weights perform eccentric contractions in the lowering phase of a bicep curl. Although this activity is slow and controlled, it is possible that during training, if the mass of the barbell is increased too rapidly, the muscle will be susceptible to strain during eccentric contraction.
  • a data receiving component for receiving measurements of torque generated by the muscle at different angles of extension
  • a comparison data component for storing comparison data representative of expected measurements of torque which would be generated if the muscle were not susceptible to damage during eccentric exercise
  • an evaluation component for comparing the received measurements with the comparison data to identify differences in torque at the same angles of extension.
  • the evaluation component identifies the difference between the angle at which maximum torque is generated for the received measurements and the angle at which maximum torque is generated for the comparison data.
  • the evaluation component may additionally or alternatively identify the difference between any other measurement of torque and a corresponding expected measurement of torque taken from the comparison data.
  • the comparison data may be any data which represents a muscle with substantially no susceptibility to damage during eccentric contraction.
  • the comparison data may have been obtained from a single muscle which has substantially no susceptibility to damage, or the comparison data may be the average of data which has been obtained from a sample set of muscles with substantially no susceptibility to damage.
  • the evaluation component identifies the difference between the angle at which maximum torque is generated for the received measurements and the angle at which maximum torque is generated for the comparison data.
  • the evaluation component includes muscle evaluation computer software, which evaluates the difference and assesses the muscle's susceptibility to damage based on this difference.
  • the susceptibility to damage can be quantified, where a muscle's susceptibility is allocated a position on a scale between no susceptibility and imminent muscle damage.
  • an apparatus for evaluating the susceptibility of a muscle to damage during eccentric contraction including:
  • a computer connected to the torque measuring device, for receiving and processing the measurements of torque; and (c) computer software operating on the computer for evaluating the susceptibility of a muscle to damage during eccentric contraction, the software including:
  • a data receiving component for receiving measurements for torque generated by the muscle at different angles of extension
  • a comparison data component for storing comparison data representative of expected measurements for torque which would be generated if the muscle were not susceptible to damage during eccentric contraction
  • the torque measuring device can be a dynamometer or any other suitable type of device which is able to measure the torque or force which is generated by the muscle and the corresponding angle of joint extension.
  • the computer is connected to the torque measuring device and executes commands which facilitate receiving and processing of the measurements which are made. These commands are incorporated into the computer by way of computer software. It is preferred that the computer also uses an analogue- to-digital (A/D) converter to convert analogue measurements which may be made by the torque measuring device into digital values at a sampling rate which provides sufficient data so that the evaluation of the muscle's susceptibility to damage from eccentric contraction can be accurately evaluated.
  • the data receiving component may include an A/D converter.
  • the comparison data component may be any device or component which is able to store data.
  • comparison data component facilitates storage of comparison data which is in a digital form, wherein the component includes registers on a microchip, a disk drive, an optical or floppy disk or any other digital data storage medium. It is preferred that the comparison data component also facilitates access to pre-stored values for comparison data.
  • the evaluation component compares the received measurements with the comparison data automatically.
  • part of the computer software is programmed to calculate the difference between the torque which corresponds to the received measurements and comparison data for substantially the same angle of extension and provides the user with an indicator which shows how closely the two values correlate. If the difference between the received measurements and the comparison data is small, then the muscle has little susceptibility to damage. If the difference is within a particular range then the susceptibility may be moderate. It is preferred that this desired range is determined after substantial experimental data has been collected and analysed to determine the relationship between optimum angle and a muscle's susceptibility to damage during eccentric contraction. If the difference is greater than that range, such that the received measurements are significantly outside the desired range, then the muscle has a high susceptibility to damage during eccentric contraction.
  • the evaluation could be performed manually, where the difference between the received measurements and the comparison data is calculated by the user.
  • the values of the received measurements and the comparison data are used to plot a graph. It is preferred that the angle of extension is plotted on the x-axis and the torque is plotted on the y-axis. The two plots can then be visually evaluated by the user. To enable the user to perform the evaluation more accurately, it is preferred that the received measurements and the comparison data are plotted on the same axes.
  • a method of evaluating the susceptibility of a muscle to damage during eccentric contraction including the steps of: (a) measuring values of torque generated by the muscle at different angles of extension;
  • the torque measurements include in particular those values of angle which correspond to the maximum torque which can be generated by the muscle at different angles of extension.
  • the muscle is a person's hamstring, and that the comparison data is generated from the person's other hamstring, unless both left and right hamstrings have been injured, in which case population data is preferred.
  • the method of evaluating the susceptibility of a muscle to damage during eccentric contraction is used as part of a method for reducing the muscle's susceptibility to damage during eccentric contraction.
  • the muscle is trained using exercise which involves performing controlled eccentric contractions. After a series of such exercises have been performed, usually over a period of days, weeks or months, the muscle's susceptibility can be re-evaluated using the described method. If the difference between the received measurements and the comparison data is still such that the muscle exhibits an unacceptable susceptibility to damage, the susceptibility can be decreased by continuing to train the muscle over a longer period, and/or adjusting the load and the range of joint angles used in the exercise, and periodically evaluating the muscle's susceptibility until the difference is within acceptable limits.
  • a method of reducing susceptibility of a subject's muscle to damage from eccentric contraction including the steps of:
  • the subject uses the monitoring apparatus to perform iso- velocity knee extensions and flexions while seated with a hip joint at approximately 90 degrees flexion.
  • the monitoring apparatus monitors torques generated by the muscle and corresponding angles of knee flexion and/or extension.
  • the monitoring apparatus provides a graphical representation of the torques and corresponding angles of knee flexion and/or extension and identifies an optimum angle at which the muscle generates torque.
  • a system for evaluating a susceptibility of a muscle to damage from eccentric contraction including:
  • an evaluation component which determines susceptibility based on a difference between the received measurements and the comparison values for one or more torque or length/angle values; wherein for a given maximal torque value, the muscle is susceptible to damage if a received length/angle value is significantly less extended than the corresponding comparison value.
  • the comparison values originate from a person's hamstring and the received measurements originate from the person's other hamstring. In another embodiment, the comparison values originate from a population of hamstrings with no known susceptibility to injury.
  • the system further includes iso-kinetic dynamometry apparatus for providing the received measurements to the data receiver.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a trainer which can be used to increase muscle length in eccentric exercises.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the torque generated by a hamstring during a series of seven successive maximal, voluntary knee flexions and extensions, carried out at a constant angular velocity of 60°- s "1 , and the angle of knee flexion or extension which corresponds to the torques generated.
  • Figure 3 provides a torque-angle curve showing optimum angles for an uninjured subject.
  • Figure 4 shows relations for torque and optimum angle between muscles on the two sides in uninjured subjects.
  • Figure 5 provides torque angle curves showing optimum angles for a typical previously injured subject.
  • Figure 6 shows relations for torque and optimum angle between muscle in the two legs of previously injured subjects.
  • a muscle's propensity to damage from eccentric contraction or during eccentric exercise can be determined using a suitable measurement system to monitor the relationship between the knee angle and the hamstring torque.
  • angle is the angle of flexion or extension of the knee joint
  • torque is the torque generated by the hamstring
  • angle-torque curve is defined by the torque, as a function of joint angle produced when the muscle is maximally activated during iso-velocity shortening.
  • the optimum angle is defined as the joint angle at which maximum torque is generated by the muscle.
  • a reference angle In one embodiment, this is the zero-angle of the knee and is measured when the subject is seated.
  • the lower leg is in a substantially vertical position and the thigh is in a substantially horizontal position.
  • angle-torque curves for the hamstrings can be reliably generated when performed at a velocity of approximately 60°- s "1 ' and when the subject is seated with the hips at approximately 90° flexion so that other body movements are minimised; subjects may also grip handles to assist in maintaining stable body posture. It is preferred that only the left or right hamstring is tested at any one time, and that the opposite leg is stabilised during testing, with the unused leg braced at approximately 90° knee flexion to further minimise other body movements, particularly movement at the hip.
  • direct access to analogue torque- angle data is provided.
  • the data can then be digitised using an analogue-to- digital (A/D) converter such as a National Instruments DAQ CardTM.
  • A/D analogue-to- digital
  • the sampling rate can be any sampling rate which enables the angle-torque relationship to be plotted accurately, although in a preferred embodiment the sampling rate is 100Hz.
  • Any computer can be used to run software which facilitates the display and analysis of data. There are many commercial software packages which exist that are capable of performing the necessary display, and can be programmed to perform the analysis such as the program Igor Pro® (Wavemetrics Lake Oswego, OR) is used.
  • the knee angle for which the average torque in the hamstring muscle reaches its peak is calculated by fitting a smooth curve to the data points which lie above 90% of the maximum torque value. This provides a convenient and accurate means for locating the optimum angle.
  • the invention will now be described in more detail by reference to the following non-limiting trials in which a first group of 9 athletes (8 male, 1 female) aged 22-38 years, all of whom had a clinical history of multiple hamstring injuries (Grade 1 or more) to one leg only; and a second group of 18 athletes (all males) 19-28 years old, none of whom had a previous history of hamstring injuries, were treated using embodiments of the invention.
  • An iso-kinetic dynamometer (Biodex System 3 Quickset; Biodex Medical Systems Inc. Shirley, N.Y) was used to generate angle-torque curves showing a measure of the torque as a function of knee joint angle produced during maximal effort iso-velocity shortening.
  • Subjects were seated on the Biodex with their hip joint at approximately 90° flexion and their upper bodies secured with dual cross-over straps as well as a waist strap.
  • the range of motion at the knee was approximately 110° with one limit being maximal knee extension.
  • a thigh strap on the test leg was used to restrict any lateral movement at the knee, allowing only flexion and extension movements.
  • the contralateral leg was stabilised with an ankle strap, keeping the knee at approximately 90°. This helped to minimise movements, especially at the hip while the other leg was exercising.
  • Subjects also gripped side handles on the apparatus to help them stabilise their upper body.
  • the testing protocol consisted of 7 repetitions of knee extension and flexion performed at a velocity of 60°s "1 while subjects exerted a maximal effort. Torque and angle signals were transferred from the dynamometer to a computer and analysed using the analysis program Igor Pro (Wavemetrics, Lake Oswego Oregon, USA).
  • Torque values from the 7 repetitions were extracted and sorted according to the direction of movement and knee angle.
  • the data was compressed, using a decimation function which replaced each successive block of 20 data points with an average. It produced a single average cycle of movement for hamstrings and for quadriceps. Optimum angle for torque was found by fitting a curve to the raw data points.
  • Figure 3 shows super-imposed angle-torque curves for an un-injured subject for left (filled circles) and right (open circles) hamstrings (upper panel).
  • Optimum angles for peak torque were determined by fitting a curve to data points above 60% of maximum torque.
  • the decimated values for hamstrings of the left leg indicated an optimum angle of 58.0° and for the right leg 60.1°.
  • the values for quadriceps were also very similar 23.9° for one side and 24.2° for the other.
  • the abscissa for quadriceps was reversed so that knee angles corresponding to long muscle lengths lie to the right in both panels.
  • Eccentric exercise can be any type of exercise where the muscle is active whilst being lengthened.
  • the hamstring muscle can be trained using custom-made equipment which includes a base such as a wooden board approximately 2 metres long with padded and/or upholstered areas for the knees and chest.
  • An example of such a piece of equipment is illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the subject kneels on the padded board, preferably with their legs stabilised with ankle straps. The subject then slowly lowers their body against the force of gravity toward the prone position, while maintaining an open and constant hip angle.
  • the hamstring muscles bear the weight of the upper body for as long as possible to ensure that the muscles are contracted eccentrically at as long a length as possible. It is preferred that a period of this type of exercise consists of about of 12 sets of six repetitions of eccentric contractions.
  • the overall response is that after repeated periods of eccentric exercise, there is a sustained shift in the angle-torque relation, representing a training effect in the muscle.
  • experimental data has also shown that the first periods of eccentric exercise produce some muscle fibre damage which is indicated by DOMS and which is accompanied by transient changes in the angle-torque relation where shifts in angle-torque curves return to normal in the days after DOMS.
  • Subsequent periods of eccentric exercise produce substantially less soreness, and have a smaller transient effect on the angle- torque curve, resulting in a more sustained change in the ability of the muscle to generate maximal torques at longer muscle lengths.
  • With training a further increase in the optimum angle can be seen which reflects an increase in the optimum muscle length at which maximum torque can be generated.
  • DOMS may be a result of disruption of sarcomeres in muscle fibres. These disrupted sarcomeres lie in series with muscle sarcomeres which are still capable of contracting, thereby increasing the muscle's compliance and leading to a shift in the angle-torque relation in the direction of longer muscle lengths for a particular torque generation. However, some of the fibres may die and no longer contribute to the angle-torque relation, while other regions of the muscle are able to recover their normal arrangement. This is the most likely cause for transient shifts in angle-torque curves which return back to pre-exercise conditions.
  • a shift in the angle-torque curve toward longer muscle lengths indicates an increased susceptibility to DOMS and damage from eccentric exercise. It is preferred that a shift in the angle-torque curve is identified by comparing the angle-torque characteristics of a subject's hamstring with control values which correspond to the angle-torque curve for the hamstring of the subject's opposite leg.
  • angle-torque curve which indicates an increased susceptibility to damage from eccentric exercise
  • angle-torque values which represent a control population of healthy hamstrings with substantially similar dimensions, and preferably where the population represents the same gender as the subject.
  • the success of rehabilitation of muscles which have been torn can be assessed by monitoring the shift in the angle-torque curve of the muscle being rehabilitated.
  • a shift in the angle-torque curve toward increased muscle length for generating a particular torque indicates rehabilitation which is likely to decrease the muscle's propensity to further damage from eccentric exercise.
  • little or no shift, or a shift in the angle-torque curve toward flexion, or decreased muscle length for generating maximum torque indicates that the rehabilitation is likely to leave the muscle susceptible to subsequent damage from eccentric exercise.
  • a more flexed optimum angle is an indicator of the likelihood for re-injury is based on the assumption that a susceptibility for microscopic damage from eccentric exercise is also an indicator for a more major strain injury. It is envisaged that during the eccentric contractions some sarcomeres are overstretched to the point of disruption. Sites of disruption act as foci for further damage, including to membranous structures, leading to development of injury contractures. The site of the lesion continues to grow during repeated eccentric contractions and a point is reached where fibres rupture, leading to a tear across the muscle. Since tendon is physically more robust than muscle fibres, the tear in a pennate muscle will continue along the aponeurosis, as magnetic resonance imaging often indicates.
  • rehabilitation of this type is likely to significantly lower the overall incidence of strain injuries in hamstrings, indeed, in all muscles at risk of experiencing a strain injury.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil d'évaluation de la susceptibilité d'un muscle face à une lésion pendant une contraction excentrique comprenant un dispositif de mesure du couple permettant d'obtenir des mesures de couple que le muscle génère à différents angles d'extension. Un ordinateur, connecté au dispositif de mesure du couple, reçoit et traite les mesures de couple et évalue la susceptibilité aux lésions au moyen d'un logiciel informatique. Ce dernier comprend un composant de réception de données destiné à recevoir les mesures du couple généré par le muscle à différents angles d'extension, un composant de données de comparaison permettant de mémoriser les données de comparaison représentant les mesures de couple prévues si le muscle n'était pas susceptible aux lésions pendant la contraction excentrique, ainsi qu'un composant d'évaluation permettant de comparer les mesures reçues avec les données de comparaison de manière à identifier les différences de mesures de couple à des angles identiques d'extension.
PCT/AU2003/000544 2002-05-07 2003-05-07 Evaluation de la susceptiblite aux lesions musculaires Ceased WO2003094732A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003221633A AU2003221633A1 (en) 2002-05-07 2003-05-07 Evaluating susceptibility to muscle injury

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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AUPS2186 2002-05-07
AUPS2186A AUPS218602A0 (en) 2002-05-07 2002-05-07 Evaluating susceptibility to muscle injury

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014032072A1 (fr) 2012-09-03 2014-03-06 Queensland University Of Technology Appareil et méthode d'évaluation de fléchisseur de genou
CN111415565A (zh) * 2020-03-31 2020-07-14 哈工大机器人（合肥）国际创新研究院 一种康复模拟人肌张力等级的实现方法
US10729369B2 (en) 2017-06-23 2020-08-04 Kangatech Pty Ltd. Testing and training apparatus
US20200261023A1 (en) * 2019-02-14 2020-08-20 Athletai Co. Ascertaining, Reporting, and Influencing Physical Attributes And Performance Factors of Athletes
CN113926160A (zh) * 2021-10-08 2022-01-14 重庆邮电大学 一种用于居家人员的上肢曲肌抗阻训练辅助系统

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WO1986006947A1 (fr) * 1985-05-24 1986-12-04 Wintersteiger Gesellschaft M.B.H. & Co. Agencement de determination de la force musculaire
WO1991011218A1 (fr) * 1990-01-31 1991-08-08 Loredan Biomedical, Inc. Unite de commande de mouvement en fonction d'une position determinee
WO2000071209A2 (fr) * 1999-05-21 2000-11-30 Glenn Rosendahl Appareil et procede d'exercice et de mesure
WO2001074234A2 (fr) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-11 Uab Research Foundation Imagerie de muscles fonctionnels a declenchement

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986006947A1 (fr) * 1985-05-24 1986-12-04 Wintersteiger Gesellschaft M.B.H. & Co. Agencement de determination de la force musculaire
WO1991011218A1 (fr) * 1990-01-31 1991-08-08 Loredan Biomedical, Inc. Unite de commande de mouvement en fonction d'une position determinee
WO2000071209A2 (fr) * 1999-05-21 2000-11-30 Glenn Rosendahl Appareil et procede d'exercice et de mesure
WO2001074234A2 (fr) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-11 Uab Research Foundation Imagerie de muscles fonctionnels a declenchement

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104768462A (zh) * 2012-09-03 2015-07-08 昆士兰科技大学 用于膝屈肌评估的装置和方法
US20150297128A1 (en) * 2012-09-03 2015-10-22 Queensland University Of Technology Apparatus and method for knee flexor assessment
JP2015531632A (ja) * 2012-09-03 2015-11-05 クイーンズランド ユニバーシティ オブ テクノロジー 膝屈筋を評価するための装置および方法
RU2626872C2 (ru) * 2012-09-03 2017-08-02 Квинсленд Юниверсити Оф Текнолоджи Устройство и способ оценки сгибателя колена
EP2892430B1 (fr) 2012-09-03 2018-08-08 Queensland University Of Technology Appareil et méthode d'évaluation de fléchisseur de genou
WO2014032072A1 (fr) 2012-09-03 2014-03-06 Queensland University Of Technology Appareil et méthode d'évaluation de fléchisseur de genou
US11850050B2 (en) 2012-09-03 2023-12-26 Queensland Univserity Of Technology Apparatus and method for knee flexor assessment
US11241180B2 (en) 2017-06-23 2022-02-08 Kangatech Pty Ltd. Testing and training apparatus
US10729369B2 (en) 2017-06-23 2020-08-04 Kangatech Pty Ltd. Testing and training apparatus
US20200261023A1 (en) * 2019-02-14 2020-08-20 Athletai Co. Ascertaining, Reporting, and Influencing Physical Attributes And Performance Factors of Athletes
CN111415565A (zh) * 2020-03-31 2020-07-14 哈工大机器人（合肥）国际创新研究院 一种康复模拟人肌张力等级的实现方法
CN111415565B (zh) * 2020-03-31 2022-06-14 哈工大机器人（合肥）国际创新研究院 一种康复模拟人肌张力等级的实现方法
CN113926160A (zh) * 2021-10-08 2022-01-14 重庆邮电大学 一种用于居家人员的上肢曲肌抗阻训练辅助系统

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