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WO2003093727A1 - Incinerateur de dechets, en particulier de conteneurs de dechets biologiques dangereux, installe sur les lieux de production des dechets - Google Patents

Incinerateur de dechets, en particulier de conteneurs de dechets biologiques dangereux, installe sur les lieux de production des dechets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003093727A1
WO2003093727A1 PCT/FI2003/000350 FI0300350W WO03093727A1 WO 2003093727 A1 WO2003093727 A1 WO 2003093727A1 FI 0300350 W FI0300350 W FI 0300350W WO 03093727 A1 WO03093727 A1 WO 03093727A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waste
feeding pipe
combustion
combustion space
pyrolysis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI2003/000350
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Petteri NÄRÄ
Matti Annala
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MEDIBURNER Oy
Original Assignee
MEDIBURNER Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MEDIBURNER Oy filed Critical MEDIBURNER Oy
Priority to EP03722644A priority Critical patent/EP1504223A1/fr
Priority to AU2003229813A priority patent/AU2003229813A1/en
Publication of WO2003093727A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003093727A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/40—Portable or mobile incinerators
    • F23G5/42—Portable or mobile incinerators of the basket type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/20—Medical materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/54401—Feeding waste in containers, bags or barrels

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a field incinerator for waste, especially biohazardous waste containers.
  • waste including plastic injection syringes and their needles, medical glass ampoules, desinfection swabs and cellulose or cotton bandages, and maybe also organic waste, like removed body tissue or organs, for example.
  • the waste is difficult to treat and infection dangerous.
  • containers called "safety boxes" have been developed which are made of chlorine free organic materials suitable for combustion.
  • a requirement for the containers and the closing mechanism thereof is strength against penetration of syringe needles, hard handling and both inside and outside moisture, for example.
  • this kind of carton containers or boxes are foldable and are provided with a lockable closing mechanism.
  • International aid organisations, for example, have standardised this kind of boxes.
  • a usual size of the box is about 5 litres.
  • the purpose is that the waste containers with the contents thereof are burned. Under field conditions, however, combustion of waste including moisture and hardly combustible materials is often incomplete, and hazardous exhaust gas and particle emissions and combustion waste are produced.
  • the pyrolysis chamber is sepa- rated from the lower postcombustion chamber by movable gates or doors by moving of which a gap or gaps are opened through which pyrolysis gases and still not combusted material from the pyrolysis and precombustion chamber are passed into the postcombustion chamber.
  • combustion is completed and hot gases departing from there are conducted into channels confined by the side walls of the pyrolysis chamber for heating the pyrolysis chamber with the heat of the gases.
  • the operation of the devices is set and adjusted by setting and adjusting the movements of the gates or doors. This kind of devices are not well-suited for field use because the realisation of periodical movements of the gates is difficult without electrical solutions, for example.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a field incinerator for combustion of waste containers, e.g. containers like those described above, by means of which burning may be carried out under control and safely and the combustion is as complete as possible.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an above-mentioned incinerator which is suitable for burning especially containers containing biohazardous waste and for adjusting the burning according to the contents of the containers.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an above-mentioned incinerator the structure of which is advantageous in view of maintenance purposes.
  • a field incinerator for waste, especially biohazardous waste containers which incinerator comprises bot- tom, side and upper wall structures for forming a room for combustion, a first combustion space in the lower part of the room, a pipe extending through the room from top to the first combustion space for feeding waste into the combustion space and for pyrolysis, and a burner for starting and maintaining the combustion, is characterised in that what is defined in the characterising part of claim 1.
  • Other claims define various embodiments of the incin- erator according to the invention.
  • the incinerator according to the invention comprises, in the first combustion space to which the burner is directed, a pull-out burning base unit in which a precombustion grate is adjustable for carrying out precombustion of the waste gradually on this base and for keeping the waste above it in the feeding pipe for pyrolysis, and thereunder another burning base including a plate-like part for burning material passing through the first base, like melted glass or plastic material.
  • a second combustion space is arranged around the feeding pipe by means of guide plates for lengthening the delay in the combustion space and the way of flow of gases for complete combustion of pyrolysis and combustion gases and for heating the feeding pipe for pyrolysis.
  • the upper wall struc- ture, feeding pipe and said guide plates form a pull-out unit.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional side view presenting an embodiment of the incinerator according to the invention
  • Figs. 2 and 3 present the incinerator of Fig. 1 as cross-sectional views at sections II - II and III - III, respectively;
  • Fig. 4 presents a possible constructional realisation of the incinerator according to the invention;
  • Figs. 5 and 6 present an embodiment of the burning base unit and the use thereof in the incinerator
  • Fig. 7 presents examples of means for adjusting air supply
  • Figs 8 and 9 present use of the incinerator as cross-sectional views from behind
  • Fig. 10 presents use of the incinerator as a cross-sectional side view.
  • a bottom wall structure 2, side wall structures 3a, 3b, 4a and 4b and an upper wall structure 5 form a box-shaped room 8 for burning waste.
  • An outer mantle 1 is separated from the inner wall structure by a cooling channel 23.
  • An inner lining 7 of the combustion room 8 is of fireproof insulating material suitable for high temperatures.
  • the device is provided with legs 6.
  • first combustion space 9 In the lower part of the room 8 there is a first combustion space 9 into which a burner 20 attached to the side wall 3a is directed.
  • a pipe 11 for feeding waste to be burned extends in the room 8 from top through the upper wall 5 into the lower combustion space 9, the inner space 10 of the pipe (Figs. 8 and 9) being meant also as a space for pyrolysis.
  • a burning base unit 43 In the first combustion space 9 there is a burning base unit 43 (Figs. 4 to 6) which includes a first gratelike burning base 15 (precombustion grate) at a distance from the lower end 12 of the feed- ing pipe.
  • the burning base unit includes a plate-like part 18 for burning material, like melted plastic and glass material, flowing down from the precombustion grate 15, and a wider grate 19 for further burning of other material falling down from the precombustion grate.
  • a second combustion space 25 is arranged around the feeding pipe 11 by means of guide plates 26, 27, 27a, 28, 28a, 29 and 29a for burning the pyrolysis and combustion gases and material carried therewith and for heating, at the same time, the pyrolysis space 10 efficiently.
  • the exhaust gases 65 exit through a chimney 30 attached to a connection 47 at the upper wall structure 5.
  • the burner 20, 21 used as a heat source and for lighting up the waste is advantageously a usual propan gas burner.
  • Propan gas is easily available in bottles if the incinerator cannot be connected to a gas network. Other gases than propan may also be used. Instead of that, an oil burner is badly suited for use in the incinerator.
  • the wall of the first combustion space 9 opposite to the burner 20, 21 is provided with a trough or shovel shaped guide plate 24 for conducting the combustion and pyrolysis gases into the beginning 25a of the second combustion space 25 and from there above the first guide plate 27.
  • Guide plates 27, 28 and 29 are generally horizontal. Guide plates 28 and 29 are combined with further vertical retardation plates 28a and 29a.
  • a projection 26 extends from the lowest guide plate 27 obliquely upwards, the projection retarding the access of the combustion and pyrolysis gases into the second combustion space 25.
  • the guide plates are dimensioned and formed suitably so that as complete as possible burning of the combustion and pyrolysis gases and the solid material carried thereto is achieved in the second combustion space.
  • a purpose of the guide plates is also to provide even distribution of heat in the incinerator.
  • the second combustion space 25 is formed as a serpentine-like channel in which the gases and other material to be burned are delayed long enough in view of complete burning before conducting the exhaust gases into the chimney 38. Air is supplied into the first combustion space 9 via the oxygen supply of the burner 20,
  • Air is supplied by a suitable factor more than what is needed for burning the gas.
  • Another air inlet is placed close to the beginning 25a of the second combustion space 25 by means of a pipe 31 and a distribution bar 32 from which openings 33 are directed obliquely downwords and openings 34 obliquely upwords.
  • the purpose is to supply air on one hand downwords for mixing it efficiently with the combustion and pyrolysis gases coming from the first combustion space 9 and for achieving as efficient burning as possible at the beginning 25a of the second combustion space.
  • the purpose is to achieve turbulence in the channel forming the second combustion space 25, which turbulence improves mixing of oxygen with gases and retards the flow of the gases through the channel.
  • the inside parts of the device are preferably made of fireproof steel.
  • the construction of the incinerator is modular (Fig. 4).
  • the feeding pipe 11 and the connection 47 for the chimney are attached to the upper wall structure 5 which is formed by an insulating plate 7, a support frame 49, and a cover plate 50.
  • the upper end 13 of the feeding pipe is attached to the plate 50 by a collar 14.
  • the guide plates 26, 27, 28, 28a, 29 and 29a are attached to the feeding pipe 11.
  • the attachments are made so that distortion of the structures caused by large temperature changes would be prevented as well as possible.
  • the guide plate 27 and the projection 26 thereof are attached with suspension braces 57 to the guide plates 28 and 28a without any direct attachment to the feed- ing pipe.
  • the edges of the guide plates adjacent to the inner wall 7 are provided with sealing structures (not presented) allowing expansion and contraction.
  • In the side wall 4b there is an opening 46 in alignment with the burning base unit and a detachable door 44 through which the ash container 22 or the whole burning base unit 43 may be pulled out for adjustment, replacement or maintenance.
  • Rails 54 are installed at the bottom 53 of the combustion space 9 for the ash container to slide thereon.
  • the curved guide plate 24 may be attached to the burning base 19 and it may also be pulled out together with the burning base unit.
  • the guide plate 24 may as well be attached with a separate detachable attachment to the walls of the combustion space 9.
  • the door 44 is provided with grips 58 and a suitable sealing and attachment (not presented) for attaching it tightly to the opening 46.
  • the burning base unit 43 includes three parts.
  • the lower grate 19 is supported by legs 56 directly to the bottom 53 of the combustion space and covers essentially the whole bottom.
  • the ash container 22 may be pulled out below it.
  • the inner sides 19a of the grate 19 (Figs. 2 and 3) are made to slope inwards so that ash is better conducted into the container 22.
  • the grate 19 is provided with grate bars 55 directed towards the guide plate 24. Between the grate 19 and the guide plate 24 there is a slot 24a for conducting the ash carried by the flames into the container 22.
  • the precombustion grate 15 is provided with grate bars directed towards the guide plate 24. It is supported with suitable structures 17 detachably to the structures of the grate 19 (Figs. 5 and 6).
  • a suitable precombustion grate may be changed in the burning base unit 43 according to the waste to be burned.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 present, respectively, precombustion grates 15a and 15b, the grate 15b being lower so that the distance D2 between it and the lower end of the feeding pipe is larger than the corresponding distance Dl of the grate 15a.
  • the plate-like sloping part 18 is attached to the burning base 15. In the plate-like part 18 there is a recess (Figs 2 and 3) in the front edge so that material which is not burned is flowing better down to the grate 19 and the ash container 22.
  • the burner 20, 21 is a separate unit which is attached to its place 60, and as well the air supply means 31, 32 are attached to their place 59.
  • Fig. 7 presents exemplary adjustment plates 52a, 52b and 52c in which different hole patterns 62a, 62b and 62c, respectively, are placed to match with the section of the air inlet pipe 61.
  • the incinerator is meant preferably for burning of certain kind of waste containers, like containers 42 in Figs. 8 to 10, and the feeding pipe 11 is made to have suitable inner dimen- sions so that it receives the containers relatively tightly but that they, however, are sliding downwards in the pipe.
  • the waste container 42 to be burned is e.g. a container called "safety box" referred above in the part of the specification describing the background of the invention.
  • the dimensions of the container are 130 by 165 by 295 millimetres, for example.
  • a purpose is that a batch of containers may be fed into the pyrolysis space 10 and that the upper end 13 of the pipe may then be closed.
  • a door 36 is attached with an pivotal attachment 35 to the upper end 13 of the feeding pipe, which door must be provided with a suitable gasket and tightening means (not presented).
  • an extension pipe 38 is attached with another pivotal attachment 37, to which extension pipe a batch of containers 42 may be loaded (Fig. 8).
  • a lower end 39 of the extension pipe is adapted to be set tightly against the upper end 13 of the feeding pipe 11.
  • At the lower end of the extension pipe there is also an openable and closable retainer 41 by means of which the waste containers 42 may be stopped in the extension pipe raised up, until by pulling the retainer out the containers are let to descend into the feeding pipe 11 and the pyrolysis space 10 formed by it.
  • the extension pipe 38 is provided with a further door 40 which prevents access of rain water into the pipe, for example.
  • the operation of the incinerator is, for example, as follows (Figs. 8 to 10). In fig. 8, a batch of containers 42 to be burned is loaded into the extension pipe 38 which is still in a horizontal position on a support 63. The feeding pipe 11 is closed by the door 36. The burner is started for preheating the incinerator as is shown by reference sign 64. Preheating takes some minutes, for example. The temperature in the first combustion space should be at least 800 to 850 °C before the burning of the waste may be started.
  • the batch of containers to be burned is let to fall down from the raised extension pipe 38 into the pyrolysis space formed by the feeding pipe 11 in which the material in the waste containers is dried, gasified and carbonised.
  • Plastic and glass materials are melted and flow down in the pipe and further on through the grate 15 to the plate 18, on which they are burning further, and finally into the ash container 22 (arrows M in Fig. 10).
  • Solid carbonised material is burning on the grate 15 and further material is descending continuously from the feeding pipe. A part of the carbonised material is falling down to the grate 19, on which it is burning further, and from there further on into the ash container 22 (arrows A in Fig. 10).
  • the pyrolysis gases coming from the feeding pipe, the combustion gases produced in the first combustion space, and the fine solid material carried therewith are guided upwards by the guiding plate 24 and are mixed immediately with air supplied from the openings 33 of the distribution bar and then with the air supplied from the upper openings 34 of the distribution bar.
  • the burning takes place mainly in the lower end of the second combustion space 25 but may be continued also in the upper part of the space.
  • the burning of a batch of the waste may take 20 to 40 minutes, for example.
  • the air supplies may be kept on whereby, on one hand, burning of the combustible material remained among the ash is continued and, on the other hand, the incinerator is cooling down faster.
  • the incinerator may be manufactured in such a way that the weight is below 500 kilograms and the height without the chimney and the extension pipe is about 2 metres. Then it may be transferred easily by a suitable van or a light truck and moved by normal lifting devices or other such devices.
  • grate-like burning base means here a burning base provided with bars or grating or other structure which passes through decomposing combustible material and ash.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un incinérateur de déchets, en particulier de conteneurs de déchets biologiques dangereux, installé sur les lieux de production des déchets. Cet incinérateur se caractérise en ce qu'il comprend, dans un premier espace de combustion (9) vers lequel est dirigé un brûleur (20, 21), une unité de base d'incinération d'extraction comportant une grille (15) disposée adjacente à l'extrémité inférieure (12) d'un tuyau d'alimentation permettant la précombustion graduelle des déchets et leur conservation dans le tuyau d'alimentation (11) en vue de la pyrolyse, ainsi qu'une partie de type plaque (18), disposée en dessous, servant à incinérer du verre fondu ou du matériau plastique. L'incinérateur selon l'invention se caractérise également en ce qu'un deuxième espace de combustion (25) est disposé autour du tuyau d'alimentation (11), au moyen de plaques guides (26, 27, 28, 28a, 29, 29a) destinées à allonger la période d'écoulement des gaz, ainsi que leur trajet d'écoulement, pour terminer la combustion de la pyrolyse et des gaz de combustion, et pour chauffer le tuyau d'alimentation en vue de la pyrolyse. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, la structure de paroi supérieure (5), le tuyau d'alimentation (11) et lesdites plaques guides forment une unité d'extraction.
PCT/FI2003/000350 2002-05-03 2003-05-05 Incinerateur de dechets, en particulier de conteneurs de dechets biologiques dangereux, installe sur les lieux de production des dechets Ceased WO2003093727A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03722644A EP1504223A1 (fr) 2002-05-03 2003-05-05 Incinerateur de dechets, en particulier de conteneurs de dechets biologiques dangereux, installe sur les lieux de production des dechets
AU2003229813A AU2003229813A1 (en) 2002-05-03 2003-05-05 Field incinerator for waste, especially biohazardous waste containers

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20020836A FI20020836A7 (fi) 2002-05-03 2002-05-03 Kenttäkäyttöön tarkoitettu jätteenpolttolaite
FI20020836 2002-05-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003093727A1 true WO2003093727A1 (fr) 2003-11-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2003/000350 Ceased WO2003093727A1 (fr) 2002-05-03 2003-05-05 Incinerateur de dechets, en particulier de conteneurs de dechets biologiques dangereux, installe sur les lieux de production des dechets

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1504223A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003229813A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI20020836A7 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003093727A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2535468A (en) * 2015-02-16 2016-08-24 Secr Defence Portable containment system for destruction of chemical and biological devices

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE347539C (de) * 1922-01-21 Frank Sche Eisenwerke G M B H Ofenrost fuer gas- und aschenreiche Brennstoffe
CH445704A (de) * 1966-05-10 1967-10-31 Braendli Jakob Anlage zur Verbrennung von Abfällen, insbesondere Müll
DE2816754A1 (de) * 1978-04-18 1979-10-25 Kraftanlagen Ag Einrichtung und verfahren zur veraschung von abfallstoffen
WO1996000266A1 (fr) * 1994-06-23 1996-01-04 Envirotec Group Limited Procede et dispositif pour traiter a chaud des dechets hospitaliers et analogues

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE347539C (de) * 1922-01-21 Frank Sche Eisenwerke G M B H Ofenrost fuer gas- und aschenreiche Brennstoffe
CH445704A (de) * 1966-05-10 1967-10-31 Braendli Jakob Anlage zur Verbrennung von Abfällen, insbesondere Müll
DE2816754A1 (de) * 1978-04-18 1979-10-25 Kraftanlagen Ag Einrichtung und verfahren zur veraschung von abfallstoffen
WO1996000266A1 (fr) * 1994-06-23 1996-01-04 Envirotec Group Limited Procede et dispositif pour traiter a chaud des dechets hospitaliers et analogues

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2535468A (en) * 2015-02-16 2016-08-24 Secr Defence Portable containment system for destruction of chemical and biological devices
GB2535468B (en) * 2015-02-16 2020-03-25 Secr Defence Portable containment system for destruction of chemical and biological devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20020836A7 (fi) 2003-11-04
AU2003229813A1 (en) 2003-11-17
FI20020836A0 (fi) 2002-05-03
EP1504223A1 (fr) 2005-02-09

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