WO2003083981A1 - Echangeur de protons pour pile a combustible et pile a combustible dotee de cet echangeur - Google Patents
Echangeur de protons pour pile a combustible et pile a combustible dotee de cet echangeur Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003083981A1 WO2003083981A1 PCT/JP2003/003991 JP0303991W WO03083981A1 WO 2003083981 A1 WO2003083981 A1 WO 2003083981A1 JP 0303991 W JP0303991 W JP 0303991W WO 03083981 A1 WO03083981 A1 WO 03083981A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/103—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1046—Mixtures of at least one polymer and at least one additive
- H01M8/1051—Non-ion-conducting additives, e.g. stabilisers, SiO2 or ZrO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1067—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by their physical properties, e.g. porosity, ionic conductivity or thickness
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1072—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes by chemical reactions, e.g. in situ polymerisation or in situ crosslinking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a proton exchanger for a fuel cell using a novel proton-conductive substance, and more particularly, to a proton exchanger in which a composite is formed with a base material such as a polymer compound, and the like. And a fuel cell using the same.
- PEFC polymer solid oxide fuel cells
- the anode In order to carry out the above-mentioned battery reaction in PEFC, the anode must include a gas diffusion layer for uniformly supplying fuel hydrogen to the catalyst layer, an anode catalyst for extracting electrons from hydrogen, and collecting and transporting the electrons to an external circuit. It consists of a bipolar plate with an anode pole. Protons dissociated on the anode catalyst are transported by the electrolyte through the proton exchange membrane to the force sword.
- the power sword consists of a power sword catalyst that reacts protons and oxygen to generate water, a gas diffusion layer to uniformly supply oxygen to the catalyst layer, and a power sword bipolar plate that transports electrons to the cathode catalyst.
- proton exchange membranes of perfluorosulfonate polymer are used as proton exchange membranes.
- these membranes cannot be operated at high temperatures due to (1) low heat resistance and (2) low temperature.
- fluorine-free polymers such as polystyrene, polybenzoimidazole, and polyparaphenylene are being developed as hydrocarbon-based proton exchange membranes with the aim of improving heat resistance.
- these polymers solve the problem of proton exchange membranes composed of perfluorosulfonate-based high molecules, because at high temperatures of 10 oC or higher, ionic conductivity decreases due to water evaporation. I can't do that.
- the aqueous solvent can be replaced by a solvate polymer containing no hydroxyl groups (eg, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylinolepyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, or polyaminopropyl siloxane).
- a solvate polymer containing no hydroxyl groups eg, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylinolepyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, or polyaminopropyl siloxane.
- an anhydrous proton conductor is obtained.
- POE polyethylene O sulfoxide
- Conventional proton conduction is mainly due to acid dissociation, which requires water or high temperature.
- imidazole and pyrazole have been found to conduct protons at a relatively low temperature under anhydrous conditions, and a completely new proton conductor has been proposed.
- High proton conduction has also been observed in salts based on this (ImZHTFSI, etc.).
- the imidazole salt is It shows conductivity 14 even in crystalline solids, and may show higher conductivity in the temperature range above the melting point, and is considered to have proton self-dissociation properties (KD Kreuer Solid State Ionics, vol. 94, para. 55, 1997). It has also been reported that the addition of imidazonole to a complex of imiggunnole derivative and zirconium phosphate improves conductivity (M.
- An ionic liquid is a substance composed of only ions having a melting point at a temperature close to room temperature, and is a stable liquid having a small vapor pressure over a wide temperature range.
- ionizable liquids can be freely created by combining ions according to the purpose, they are also called Designer Solvents (M. Freemantle, Chem. & Eng. News, May 15, Issue 37, Item 37, year 2000).
- ionic liquids are ionic conductors, have excellent reduction resistance, high decomposition voltage, excellent safety, and exhibit liquid properties over a wide temperature range
- secondary batteries RT Carlin et al., J. Electrochem. Soc, 141, L73, 1994
- electric double layer capacitor C. Nanjimdiah et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 144, 3392, 1999
- dye-sensitized solar cell N. Papageorgiou et al. J. Electrochem. Soc, Vol. 143, pp. 3099, 1996.
- JP 2000-50811 discloses a binary mixture of certain nitrogen bases belonging to the azole series and acid addition salts of these nitrogen bases. It has been shown to be an electron conductor, and its application to electrochemical devices such as displays has been proposed. Further, JP-T-2000-517462 discloses a proton conductor which is an acid and a non-aqueous amphoteric material. However, there is no specific disclosure in these publications as a proton exchange membrane suitable for a proton exchanger for a fuel cell, and it is difficult to use it as a fuel cell membrane. Published Japanese Translation of PCT International Publication No. 2000-517462 suggests the application of ionic liquids to fuel cells. However, there is no disclosure of any embodiment and performance such as a specific configuration and a usage method as a fuel cell membrane.
- the main features of the ionic liquid are as follows. 1) Liquid but does not exhibit vapor pressure even at high temperatures (non-volatile).
- Polymer-in-salt type solid electrolyte is formed by addition of polymer.
- a protonated nitrogen-based substance can transfer protons to a non-protonated nitrogen-based substance, thereby enabling proton transfer in a medium.
- compatible 1 "raw water is high Imidazonore I formidacillin sledding ⁇ beam triflate (Monore ratio 3: 1).
- conductivity 10- S at 25 ° C - constituting 1 'cm- 1 over anhydrous proton conductor neutral.
- ionic liquids composed of a proton exchanger such as imidazole or a salt thereof exhibit high proton conductivity in an anhydrous state, but are often highly compatible with water.
- a proton exchange membrane impregnated with water there is a problem that a proton exchange component is eluted by water generated by a force source. Therefore, these currently proposed proton exchange membranes could not be used as components of fuel cells.
- the present inventors evaluated a mixed film of a room-temperature molten salt and a fluorine-based ion exchange membrane represented by Nafion (trademark) in a fuel cell system.
- the non-humidifying operation time after stopping humidification is more than 4 times, and it is found that the molten salt has the effect of trapping water in the film.
- water is deeply involved in proton conduction and does not exhibit proton conduction in the absence of water.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and its main purpose is to express high proton conductivity without depending on the presence of water and to produce water in a cathode.
- Fuel cell proton exchanger which is suitable for use as a proton exchanger for fuel cells, and a fuel cell using the same. To provide a pond.
- FIG. 1 is a phase diagram of an ionic liquid in which benzimidazole (BI) and HTFSI are mixed in various combinations in one embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 shows the Arrhenius plot for a mixture of BI and HTFSI at various monole ratios.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a ionic liquid conductivity measuring cell (AC impedance method) used in the proton exchanger for a fuel cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing another example (DC four-terminal method) of a cell for measuring the conductivity of an ionic liquid used in a proton exchanger for a fuel cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the temperature dependence of the proton conductivity obtained by the AC impedance method and the DC four-terminal method for the BI / HTFSI molar ratio of 812.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a simple fuel cell using an ionic liquid as a proton exchanger.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing current-voltage characteristics when a simple fuel cell uses a BI / HTFSI mixed solution having a molar ratio of 8/2 as an electrolyte.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing, in order from the top, a proton conduction mechanism when using water, an explanatory diagram showing a proton conduction mechanism when using a normal ionic liquid containing imidazole (Im), and the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a proton conduction mechanism when an ionic liquid containing benzoimidazole (BI) according to one embodiment is used.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing an example of the change over time of the open electromotive force (OCP) when a constant flow rate of 3 ⁇ 4 and air are circulated under a predetermined temperature condition in the fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention. .
- OCP open electromotive force
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing thermal analysis data of a BI / HTFSI mixed solution with various molar ratios.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the results of ⁇ H-NMR analysis performed on 8 liquid [ion liquids] / 4 liquid BI / HTFSI with a molar ratio of 8/2.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing current-voltage characteristics when a simple fuel cell uses Im / HTFSI having a molar ratio of 5/5 as an electrolyte. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, and as a result, a wide variety of proton exchangers using a certain type of ionic liquid and complexes of the proton exchangers with the polymer matrix have been widely used.
- the present inventors have found that a high proton conductivity is exhibited in the temperature range without depending on the presence of water, and that an excellent proton exchanger for a fuel cell is provided, and the present invention has been completed.
- the proton exchanger for a fuel cell of claim 1 is characterized by containing at least one kind of basic compound containing a hetero atom in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.
- the compound containing the basic compound as a constituent component has a low melting point and can realize a high proton conductivity, so that it exhibits high protein conductivity without depending on water.
- a proton exchanger that is insoluble in water generated at the cathode and can be suitably used as a proton exchanger for a fuel cell.
- the basic compound forms part or all of the components of the ionic liquid; It is characterized by being dissolved.
- the ionic liquid since the ionic liquid has a low melting point and a high proton conductivity, the ionic liquid exhibits high proton conductivity without depending on the presence of water and generates at the cathode.
- a proton exchanger which is insoluble in water and can be suitably used as a proton exchanger for a fuel cell.
- the proton exchanger for a fuel cell according to claim 3 is characterized in that the proton exchanger contains a hydrophobic ionic liquid.
- the hydrophobicity of the ionic liquid can suppress elution of water generated at the cathode, so that it is possible to provide a proton exchanger more suitable for a fuel cell. it can.
- the proton exchanger for a fuel cell according to claim 4 is characterized in that the proton exchanger has an interaction between an ionic liquid and a polymer matrix and an ion exchange liquid. It is characterized in that a gel is formed by utilizing the function of the ionic liquid as a crosslinking point.
- the flowability can be controlled by forming the gel, so that the outflow of the ionic liquid as a component of the membrane can be controlled. Furthermore, hydrophobicity can be imparted by the interaction between the ionic liquid and the polymer matrix.
- the proton exchanger for a fuel cell according to claim 5 is characterized in that the polymer matrix has an ion exchange ability.
- the proton conductivity can be further increased by the ion exchange ability.
- the proton exchanger for a fuel cell according to Claim 6 is characterized in that the content of the polymer matrix is in the range of 3 to 20% by weight.
- the content of the polymer matrix is too small, it is difficult to form a self-retaining gel, whereas when it is excessive, the proton conduction is sharply reduced.
- Fuel cell proton exchange body in order to solve the above problems is characterized in that the hydrogen gas permeability of the pro ton exchangers 2x10- 4 cm 3 cm- 1 s is one of 1 or less . If the hydrogen gas permeability 2x10- 3 cm 3 cm- 1 s- 1 or more leads to a reduction in the output of the fuel cell.
- the hydrogen gas permeability is preferably
- One is one . According to the above configuration, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the fuel cell output due to the crossover of (1).
- the proton exchanger for a fuel cell according to claim 8 is characterized in that it has a proton conductivity of 2xl (T 4 S / cm or more) at room temperature and in a non-humidified state.
- the proton exchanger for a fuel cell according to claim 9 has the following object to solve the above problems. At a temperature of 0 ° C or more, it exhibits a proton conductivity of 1 xlO- 2 SZcm or more in a non-humidified state.
- the proton exchanger for a fuel cell according to claim 10 is characterized in that its constituent components are water-insoluble.
- the components of the proton exchanger are insoluble in water, the components of the proton exchanger do not elute into water due to the presence of water generated by the cathode. Therefore, the life of the fuel cell can be greatly extended.
- the proton exchanger for a fuel cell according to claim 11 comprising a basic compound containing a hetero atom and an acid containing a fluorine atom and a sulfur atom in a molecule. It is a salt, and the molar ratio of the acid is in the range of 0.9 to 1.1 based on the basic compound.
- a fuel cell according to claim 12 is configured to include the proton exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
- the proton exchanger for a fuel cell of the present invention contains a basic conjugate containing at least one kind of hetero atom.
- Examples of the basic compound containing at least one hetero atom used in the present invention include a linear basic compound and a cyclic basic compound exemplified below. It suffices that at least one kind of hetero atom is contained, and the number of kinds is not particularly limited, but it is more preferable that at least two kinds of N atoms are contained.
- Examples of the linear basic compound include butylamine, triethylamine, dibutylamine and the like.
- cyclic basic compound examples include, for example, ataridine, benzothiazole, benzoimidazonole, 1,2,3-benzotriazonole, carbazole, cinnoline, dibenzofuran, 1,10-phenoantholine, phenothiazine, flavone, quinoline, Isoquinoline, coumarin, pudding, benzofuran, indole, thonaphthalene, s-triazine, s-trithiane, pyriazine, pyrimidine, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 4H-pyran, pyridine, imidazole, pyrazonole, 1,2,3- Triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 1,2,3-oxaziazole mono, oxazonole, thiazonole, pyrazine, pyrene, pyridazine, piperidine and derivatives of the above-mentioned cyclic basic
- linear basic compound and the cyclic basic compound exemplified above may be used alone or in combination of two or more as necessary.
- pyrazole 2-pyrazolin, virazolidine, imidazole, 1,2,3-oxaziazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazonolone , Pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, piperazine, 1,3,5-triazine, benzimidazole, purine, sinoline, quinoxaline, 1,10-phenanthroline, pyridine, pyrrolidine, triethylamine, etc. S, thermal stability, hydrophobicity It is even more preferable because it is superior to others.
- the basic compound used in the proton exchanger for a fuel cell of the present invention has a proton exchange ability, and may form part or all of the components of the ionic liquid, or may be dissolved in the ionic liquid. preferable. Proton exchange of the basic compound according to the present invention The exchangeability will be described later.
- ionic liquids are liquid at a relatively low temperature and are called room temperature molten salts. Some substances are composed only of ions having a melting point at a temperature below room temperature. In recent years, it has been attracting attention as a solvent completely different from molecular liquids such as water and organic solvents, since it is composed only of ion.
- the temperature range of the property of the ionic liquid is mainly determined by the structural distortion caused by the asymmetric structure of the organic cation. Many materials can be designed because asymmetric force thiones such as imidazolyme, pyridinium, ammonium, and phosphonium are organic materials.
- Examples of the acid for forming the ionic liquid according to the present invention include, for example, trifluorosulfonic acid (triflic acid), bisfluorinated sulfonimide, bistrif / remethod, romethansnorehonimid, and bistrifonole.
- trifluorosulfonic acid triflic acid
- bisfluorinated sulfonimide bistrif / remethod
- romethansnorehonimid e.
- bistrifonole such as methanesulfonylmethane, tristrifluoromethane-snolephonylmethane, and trisfluorosulfonylmethane.
- preferred are bisfluorosulfonimide and bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide.
- Table 1 various combinations of cations and ayuons indicate liquids over a wide temperature range.
- Examples of the proton-conductive ionic liquid include benzoimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (BI / HTFSI) represented by the following chemical formula (1).
- the present invention is not limited to this, and is constructed as a low-melting ionic liquid by combining the above-exemplified basic compound and the above-exemplified acid and the like in a predetermined molar ratio and subjecting them to an acid-base reaction. .
- Proton conductors used in fuel cells operated in a non-humidified state above c include pyrrolidine, pyridine, piperidine, triethynoleamine, imidazonole, pyrazonole, pyrazine, 1,2,4-triazole, butynoleamine , Dibutynoleamine, diphen-lamine, benzimidazolone, morpholine, quinoxaline, 4,4'-trimethylenedipyridine and a basic compound selected from the group consisting of bisfluorosulfonimide and / or its derivatives.
- a salt with an acid The molar ratio is from 0.9 to 1.1, preferably from 0.95 to 1.05, based on the former.
- Particularly preferred basic conjugates are pyrrolidine, pyridine, piperidine, triethynoleamine, imidazole, and virazo ⁇ pyrazine 1,2,4-triazolone.
- FIG. 1 is a phase diagram in the case where benzoimidazole (BI) and bis (trifluoromethanesnorephonyl) amide (HTFSI) are mixed in various combinations.
- BI benzoimidazole
- HTFSI bis (trifluoromethanesnorephonyl) amide
- a low-melting ionic liquid can be obtained, which can be used as a proton-conducting medium.
- the inventors have also confirmed that a BI / HTFSI molar ratio of 812 forms a eutectic mixture (melting point 98 ° C.).
- the concept of the ionic liquid used in the proton exchanger for a fuel cell of the present invention is to design a liquid substance having a low melting point by an acid-base reaction by setting a molar ratio and use this as a proton conductive medium.
- the design of the ionic liquid according to the present invention reduces the Coulomb interaction ( ⁇ ) to lower the melting point (Tm) and reduces the entropy (ASm) as shown in the following equation. It is different from the basic idea of ionic liquids, such as increasing the basic idea.
- FIG. 2 is an Arrhenius plot when, for example, BI and HTFSI are mixed at various molar ratios. From FIG. 2, it can be seen that the mixture is in a molten state at 130 ° C. or higher and exhibits high proton conductivity.
- the ionic liquid constructed as described above has a hydrophobic property, it is not easily eluted even by the presence of water generated during the operation of the fuel cell.
- the hydrophobicity of the ionic liquid of the present invention is confirmed, for example, by stirring the ionic liquid with water and then performing phase separation.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a cell (AC impedance method) for measuring the conductivity of ion-free liquid used in the proton exchanger for a fuel cell of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing another example (DC four-terminal method) of a cell for measuring the conductivity of an ionic liquid used in the proton exchanger for a fuel cell of the present invention.
- the current value can hardly be confirmed under a nitrogen atmosphere, whereas the current value can be hardly confirmed under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the current value is proportional to the senor voltage, and bubbles are confirmed at the counter electrode. This confirms that a fuel cell reaction occurs at the anode (the working electrode that has undergone H 2 flow). This result means that the BI / HTFSI composite exhibits proton conductivity and that it exists as an electrode active material in the strong S Pt electrode and the BI / HTFSI composite electrolyte solution. I taste.
- reaction continues stably and exhibits the function as a fuel cell.
- Figure 5 shows the AC impedance method (shown as “ ⁇ ⁇ C. Impedance method” in the figure) and the DC four-terminal method (shown in the figure) for the complex with a BI / HTFSI molar ratio of 8/2.
- This is a graph showing the temperature dependence of the proton conductivity determined by “DC 4-probe methodj.”
- the ratio of proton conductivity to the total ionic conductivity is about 0.75 to 0.85.
- the main conductive carrier in this system Is clearly a proton.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a simple fuel cell using an ionic liquid as a proton exchanger (electrolyte).
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing current-voltage characteristics when a BI / HTFSI composite having a molar ratio of 8/2 is used as the electrolyte in the simple fuel cell shown in FIG. It can be seen from this Darafka et al. That the reaction at the anode and the power source proceeds steadily and the basic operation of the fuel cell under non-aqueous conditions can be confirmed.
- reaction continues to occur stably and the function as a fuel cell can be exhibited.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the current-to-current characteristics at the 130 port when Im / HTFSI having a molar ratio of 5/5 is used as the electrolyte in the simple fuel cell. From this graph, it can be seen that the reaction at the anode and the power source proceeds steadily, and the basic operation of the fuel cell under non-aqueous conditions can be confirmed.
- the proton exchanger of the present invention is useful as a gel electrolyte or a polymer electrolyte.
- the embodiment of the proton exchanger for a fuel cell of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is appropriately selected as needed.
- the embodiment may be, for example, a proton exchange membrane formed in a film shape or a simple structure using a U-shaped tube filled with an ionic liquid.
- the polymer-in-salt polymer solid electrolyte is a function-separated solid electrolyte in which the ionic liquid is responsible for the electrolyte ionic conductivity and the polymer is responsible for the mechanical properties.
- Watanabe proposed by Angell et al. (Watanabe et al., JCS Chem. Comrmm., P. 929, 1993), (CA Angell et al., Nature, 362, 137, 1993). This concept is also valid for proton conductors.
- ionic liquids used in the proton exchanger for a fuel cell of the present invention include a specific matrix component (monomer, oligomer or polymer) and a polymer-in-salt. It is possible to form a gel electrolyte.
- This Polymer-in-Salt type gel electrolyte is characterized in that the proton exchange membrane forms a high-strength self-retaining genole between the salt and the polymer matrix.
- the molecular matrix is not limited as long as it can solid-state the room temperature molten salt into a film or a cast product, but is preferably a synthetic polymer compound.
- the synthetic high molecular compound include polyvinyl high molecular compounds such as polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyvinylidene fluoride; polyoxymethylene, polyethylene oxide, and polypropylene oxide.
- Ether-based polymer compounds polyamide-based polymer compounds such as nylon 6 and nylon 66; polyester-based polymer compounds such as polyethylene terephthalate; polycarbonate-based polymer compounds; ionene-based polymer conjugates; It is.
- polyacrylonitrile, polyether and the like are preferable. Further, it is also preferable that the polymer matrix such as polystyrene sulfonic acid and perfluorosulfonate molecule have an ion exchange ability. Furthermore, it is also possible to form a film by crosslinking these polymerizable precursors, for example, polymerizable conjugates such as acrylate.
- the mixing ratio of the room temperature molten salt and the polymer matrix is not limited as long as it is within the range of mutual compatibility.
- the compounding ratio of the two is preferably in the range of 3 to 20% by weight, more preferably in the range of 5 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the molten salt at room temperature. More preferably, it is in the range of 7 to 12% by weight.
- the content of the polymer matrix is less than 3% by weight, it is difficult to obtain a useful gel, whereas when it exceeds 20% by weight, the conductivity decreases. If there is no ionizing group in the polymer Ma Torikusu is 1 2 weight content of the polymer matrix 0 /. It is preferable to set the following.
- the hydrophobic property which is an important property of the proton exchanger of the present invention, can be realized by the type of salt formed by a combination of a base and an acid that form an ionic liquid, the form of a gel that forms a matrix, and the like.
- a hydrophobic polymer matrix may be effective in some cases.
- a polymer compound is directly heated and dissolved in the above-mentioned room temperature molten salt and cooled. It is obtained by mixing the two in an appropriate organic solvent or by shaping, and then distilling off the solvent by a method such as drying under reduced pressure.
- a polymer conjugate by polymerizing a monomer in the molten salt.
- Such proton exchange membrane at room temperature and non-humidified state, to have a proton conductivity on 2x10- 4 S / cm or more is determined.
- room temperature refers to a temperature of about 20 ° C to less than 100 ° C.
- non-humidified state is different from the “humidified state” in which the humidity is near 100% by a humidifier or the like, and humidifies any gas from a commercially available air (or oxygen) cylinder or a commercially available hydrogen cylinder. Refers to the state of being used.
- the hydrogen gas permeability of the proton exchange membrane 2x10- 4 cm 3 cm- 1 s- 1 or less der Rukoto is required, in order to realize this, H 2, 0 2 to ionic liquids Low solubility is required.
- the components of the proton exchanger for a fuel cell preferably do not elute due to the presence of water, that is, are preferably water-insoluble.
- the room-temperature molten salt is hydrophobic, that the basic compound is hydrophobic, that the matrix is hydrophobic, or that two or more of these are used. Is realized by a combination of
- FIG. 8 shows, in order from the top, the proton conduction mechanism when using water, a normal ionic liquid containing imidazole, and an ionic liquid containing benzoimidazole according to an embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
- the proton conduction mechanism of naphth ions is a mechanism in which water is used as the proton conduction medium, as shown in the upper diagram in FIG. That is, first, neutral H 20 accepts a proton and dissociates the proton of the sulfonic acid group immobilized on the polymer. H 2 0 is protonated to 0+, and proton exchange occurs between H 3 0 + and 3 ⁇ 40, so that 3 ⁇ 40 acts as a medium for transporting protons Will be.
- the present inventors have focused on the fact that the presence of water in a naphthion membrane acts as a base for protons, and found that various ionic liquids are useful as a proton-conducting medium (see FIG. 8, middle diagram). ), A proton exchanger incorporating the water-insoluble (water-insoluble) ionic liquid, which shows the properties of the liquid over a wider range, into the basic structure (lower figure in Fig. 8) Force S Excellent as a proton exchanger for fuel cells was found. In other words, the fact that water can be used in a temperature range where it is impossible to use water as a proton conducting medium, and that a hydrophobic ionic liquid is excellent as a proton exchanger for fuel cells. I found it.
- the hydrophobicity of the ionic liquid was confirmed by mixing and stirring the ionic liquid and water, followed by phase separation.
- the fuel cell using the ionic liquid was made through the following steps 1-4.
- Zr0 2 balls media 3mm diameter in 150ml containers for a hybrid mixer (20.9 g), placed in n-BuOH (5.4 g) and 20 wt% Nafion solution, there was added portionwise Pt / C (1.35g) (catalyst) Was. Furthermore, after adding 3 nm 2 diameter Zr02 balls (20.9 g), the whole was blended. Put the lid on the container, put it in a hybrid mixer (KEYENCE, “HM-500”), set the revolution at 2,000 rpm and the rotation at 800 rpm, mix and stir for 10 minutes, and then perform defoaming treatment for 30 seconds. after uniformly dispersed, to obtain a catalyst paste by separating the catalyst paste and Zr0 2 balls. The obtained paste was stored in a closed container to prevent evaporation of the solvent.
- HM-500 hybrid mixer
- a weighed carbon paper (56 mm X 56 mm) was placed on a printing table (suction possible). The printing screen was lowered, and the catalyst paste was dropped on the screen to perform printing. This printing was repeated until the applied catalyst base reached a predetermined weight. When the weight reached a predetermined value (in terms of platinum weight: 0.5 mg / cm 2 ), the printing layer on the carbon paper was dried by 8D drying.
- H 2 gas cross over has a large effect on electromotive force. Therefore, an evaluation of the H 2 gas permeability of the proton exchange membrane and also of the MEA is required.
- the cell used for the measurement was a test cell, with a proton exchange membrane interposed, H 2 gas flowing through one side, and N 2 gas flowing through the other electrode at a predetermined flow rate. The amount of 3 ⁇ 4gas contained in the two gases was quantified by gas chromatography and estimated.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of the change over time of the open electromotive voltage (OCV) when a constant flow of H 2 gas and Air is flowed at a constant temperature.
- OCV open electromotive voltage
- the proton conductivity ( ⁇ / Scm—) was measured using a simple fuel cell shown in FIG. 6 described above, using a hydrogen reversible electrode direct current four-terminal measuring device (“Solartron 1255B”, Solartron®).
- the heating stability was measured by a thermogravimeter and indicated at a temperature at which the weight at room temperature was reduced by 10% by weight.
- the heat resistance of the obtained ionic liquid was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry.
- the melting point (° C) was measured at a heating rate of 10 ° C / miri using a differential scanning calorimeter (“DSC 220”, manufactured by Seiko Ichi Electronics Co., Ltd.).
- the graph of the thermal analysis result is shown in FIG.
- Figure 7 shows the current-potential curve when hydrogen flows through the anode and oxygen flows through the cathode. As is evident from Fig. 7, the open-circuit power was 0.75 V and the short-circuit current was 70 ⁇ m.
- MMA vinyl monomer methyl methacrylate
- E GDMA crosslinker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
- AIBN polymerization initiator
- the resulting proton exchange membrane exhibited a conductivity of 2.8 ⁇ 10—sScm- 1 . Further, by 2 gas permeability 'measuring method of above, was measured hydrogen permeability at 130 ° C, it was about 1.6x10 one 4 cm 3 cm one 1 s one 1. When the hydrophobicity (water affinity '(4)) of the obtained proton exchange membrane was confirmed by the above method, it showed a high degree of hydrophobicity.
- Example 1 The results of Example 1 and the following Examples 2 to 12 and Comparative Example 1 are summarized in Table 2 below.
- Example 2 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that 2-methylbenzotriazole (MBT) was used instead of BI, to prepare an ionic liquid, a proton exchange membrane using the ionic liquid, and a simple fuel cell.
- MBT 2-methylbenzotriazole
- the obtained proton exchange membrane exhibited a conductivity of 3.3 ⁇ 10 3 ScnT 1 under the following conditions. Also, as a result of the H 2 gas permeability measurement method Yore, Te measured hydrogen permeability of about 1.7 ⁇ 10 - 4 in cm 3 cm one 1 s one 1 fe ivy.
- BI BI or MBT and 2-butyl-4-methylimidazole (BMI) in an equimolar ratio, weigh so that the mixture and the HTFSI have a monolith ratio of 2: 1, Except for mixing, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to prepare an ionic liquid, a proton exchange membrane using the same, and a fuel cell.
- BMI 2-butyl-4-methylimidazole
- Example 2 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that imidazole (Im) was used instead of BI, to prepare a comparative proton exchanger using an ionic liquid having an Im TFSI molar ratio of 2: 8.
- the proton exchanger exhibited a conductivity of 5.0x10-3 Scm- 1 at 80 ° C. Further, by the method of the hydrogen gas permeability measurement, was measured for the hydrogen permeability of comparative proton exchanger was about 2.0x10 one 4 cm 3 cm- 1 s _ 1 .
- the ionic liquid according to the present invention has a low melting point and a sufficient proton conductivity at 130 ° C.
- the proton exchange membrane in which a gel was formed by such an ionic liquid and a polymer matrix shows good hydrophobicity with respect to the degree of misalignment, and can be used as a proton exchanger for a fuel cell.
- the hydrophobicity of the ionic liquid was low, but when a proton exchange membrane was formed together with the high molecular weight matrix, sufficient hydrophobicity was exhibited. It can be seen that it can be used as a proton exchanger for fuel cells.
- BI pyrrolidine, pyridine, piperidine (PPD), triethylamine, imidazole, pyrazole (Py), pyrazine (PRD) or 1,2 triazole (Tr), respectively, and the molar ratio with HTFSI is 5: 5.
- the respective salts were synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the salts were weighed and mixed so that the heating stability of these salts was measured. Table 3 shows the results.
- the proton exchanger for a fuel cell according to claim 1 contains at least one hetero atom. Contains basic compounds.
- the compound containing the basic compound as a constituent has a low melting point, is insoluble in water, and has a high proton conductivity, so that it exhibits high proton conductivity without depending on the presence of water. . Therefore, it is possible to provide a proton exchanger for a fuel cell which is not dissolved by water generated in a power source of the fuel cell.
- the basic compound is dissolved in a force forming some or all of the constituents of the ionic liquid or dissolved in the ionic liquid.
- the proton exchanger for a fuel cell according to claim 3 contains a hydrophobic ionic liquid.
- the proton exchanger using the above-mentioned hydrophobic ionic liquid has an effect that elution of ion'1 "raw liquid into water generated by the power source of the fuel cell can be suppressed.
- the ionic liquid and the polymer matrix form phenol.
- the polymer matrix formed as a gel with the ionic liquid has an ion exchange ability.
- the content of the polymer matrix in the gel comprising the ionic liquid and the polymer matrix is 3 to 20% by weight. It is in the range / 0 .
- Fuel cell proton exchanger of claim 8 in the normal temperature and non-humidified state, has a proton conductivity greater than 2x10 one 4 S cm.
- the fuel cell using this exhibits high proton conductivity irrespective of the presence of water, and the components of the proton exchanger do not dissolve in the water generated in the battery power source. , Has an effect.
- the proton exchanger for a fuel cell according to claim 9 exhibits a proton conductivity of 1 ⁇ 10 12 S cm or more under a non-humidified state at 100 ° C. or higher.
- the water generated in the fuel cell power source gas is dissipated by gas, and furthermore, the proton exchanger exhibits high proton conductivity without depending on the presence of water, and furthermore, constitutes a proton exchanger. Since the salt is thermally stable, it is possible to provide a stable and high-performance fuel cell.
- the constituent element of the proton exchanger for a fuel cell according to claim 10 is water-insoluble. Therefore, in the fuel cell using this proton exchanger, the components of the ion exchanger cannot be eluted with respect to the water generated by the power source. This has the effect of greatly extending the life of the fuel cell.
- the fuel cell using the proton exchanger has an effect that a stable high-performance fuel cell can be provided even at a high temperature because the salt constituting the proton exchanger is thermally stable.
- a fuel cell according to claim 12 is configured to include the fuel cell proton exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
- the fuel cell of the present invention based on the above-described excellent properties of the proton exchanger, does not depend on water, does not elute components to water, and exhibits high performance over a long period of time at a high temperature. .
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003581292A JPWO2003083981A1 (ja) | 2002-03-29 | 2003-03-28 | 燃料電池用プロトン交換体及びこれを備えた燃料電池 |
| AU2003220953A AU2003220953A1 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2003-03-28 | Proton exchanger for fuel cell and fuel cell containing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2002-97316 | 2002-03-29 | ||
| JP2002097316 | 2002-03-29 |
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| WO2003083981A1 true WO2003083981A1 (fr) | 2003-10-09 |
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| PCT/JP2003/003991 Ceased WO2003083981A1 (fr) | 2002-03-29 | 2003-03-28 | Echangeur de protons pour pile a combustible et pile a combustible dotee de cet echangeur |
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| JP (1) | JPWO2003083981A1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2003220953A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2003083981A1 (ja) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005044550A (ja) * | 2003-07-23 | 2005-02-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | プロトン交換体、プロトン交換膜及びそれを用いた燃料電池 |
| JP2005044548A (ja) * | 2003-07-23 | 2005-02-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | プロトン交換体、プロトン交換膜及びそれを用いた燃料電池 |
| JP2005158646A (ja) * | 2003-11-28 | 2005-06-16 | Samsung Sdi Co Ltd | プロトン伝導体および燃料電池 |
| JP2006210181A (ja) * | 2005-01-28 | 2006-08-10 | Fuji Electric Holdings Co Ltd | 燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法及び該電極触媒層を有する燃料電池 |
| JP2007026745A (ja) * | 2005-07-13 | 2007-02-01 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | イオン伝導体及びエネルギーデバイス |
| WO2008053864A1 (fr) | 2006-10-30 | 2008-05-08 | Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd. | Composé conducteur de protons et polymère conducteur de protons |
| EP1793389A4 (en) * | 2004-08-26 | 2008-11-05 | Nat Univ Corp Yokohama Nat Uni | PROTON CONDUCTOR |
| JP2009269971A (ja) * | 2008-05-02 | 2009-11-19 | Kawamura Inst Of Chem Res | 有機無機複合ゲル |
| JP5313495B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-15 | 2013-10-09 | パナソニック株式会社 | プロトン伝導体、ならびにこれを用いた電極および燃料電池 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08171923A (ja) * | 1994-12-19 | 1996-07-02 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 燃料電池用高分子電解質 |
-
2003
- 2003-03-28 WO PCT/JP2003/003991 patent/WO2003083981A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2003-03-28 AU AU2003220953A patent/AU2003220953A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-28 JP JP2003581292A patent/JPWO2003083981A1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08171923A (ja) * | 1994-12-19 | 1996-07-02 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 燃料電池用高分子電解質 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| AKIHIRO NODA, KIKUKO HAYAMI, MASAYOSHI WATANABE: "Shinki hisui-kei proton dendo-sei yutai o riyo shita kobunshi kotai denkaishitsu maku", POLYMER PREPRINTS, JAPAN, vol. 50, no. 13, 2001, pages 3490 - 3491, XP002970452 * |
| HIROFUMI NAKAMOTO ET AL.: "Hisui-kei proton dentotai to shite no san-en kiban ion-sei ekitai", THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN DAI 29 KAI TAIKAI KOEN YOSHISHU (1L17), 25 March 2002 (2002-03-25), pages 311, XP002970451 * |
| SHIRO SEKI ET AL.: "Ion-sei ekitai o kobunshi amimechu ni tojikometa polyether-kei ion gel no tokusei", THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN DAI 68 KAI TAIKAI KOEN YOSHISHU (2K03), 25 March 2001 (2001-03-25), pages 200, XP002970453 * |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005044550A (ja) * | 2003-07-23 | 2005-02-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | プロトン交換体、プロトン交換膜及びそれを用いた燃料電池 |
| JP2005044548A (ja) * | 2003-07-23 | 2005-02-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | プロトン交換体、プロトン交換膜及びそれを用いた燃料電池 |
| JP2005158646A (ja) * | 2003-11-28 | 2005-06-16 | Samsung Sdi Co Ltd | プロトン伝導体および燃料電池 |
| EP1793389A4 (en) * | 2004-08-26 | 2008-11-05 | Nat Univ Corp Yokohama Nat Uni | PROTON CONDUCTOR |
| JP2006210181A (ja) * | 2005-01-28 | 2006-08-10 | Fuji Electric Holdings Co Ltd | 燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法及び該電極触媒層を有する燃料電池 |
| JP5313495B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-15 | 2013-10-09 | パナソニック株式会社 | プロトン伝導体、ならびにこれを用いた電極および燃料電池 |
| JP2007026745A (ja) * | 2005-07-13 | 2007-02-01 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | イオン伝導体及びエネルギーデバイス |
| WO2008053864A1 (fr) | 2006-10-30 | 2008-05-08 | Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd. | Composé conducteur de protons et polymère conducteur de protons |
| EP2562864A1 (en) | 2006-10-30 | 2013-02-27 | Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd. | Proton-conducting polymer |
| JP2009269971A (ja) * | 2008-05-02 | 2009-11-19 | Kawamura Inst Of Chem Res | 有機無機複合ゲル |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003220953A1 (en) | 2003-10-13 |
| JPWO2003083981A1 (ja) | 2005-08-04 |
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