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WO2003081192A1 - Coiffe de protection pour thermocouple dans un detendeur de gaz - Google Patents

Coiffe de protection pour thermocouple dans un detendeur de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003081192A1
WO2003081192A1 PCT/US2003/000914 US0300914W WO03081192A1 WO 2003081192 A1 WO2003081192 A1 WO 2003081192A1 US 0300914 W US0300914 W US 0300914W WO 03081192 A1 WO03081192 A1 WO 03081192A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cap
thermocouple
gasifier
face
cavity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2003/000914
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Corwyn Groen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Texaco Development Corp
Original Assignee
Texaco Development Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/100,606 external-priority patent/US20030174756A1/en
Priority claimed from US29/157,311 external-priority patent/USD472481S1/en
Application filed by Texaco Development Corp filed Critical Texaco Development Corp
Priority to AU2003202964A priority Critical patent/AU2003202964B2/en
Priority to CA002486763A priority patent/CA2486763A1/fr
Priority to JP2003578878A priority patent/JP4436687B2/ja
Priority to KR1020047014710A priority patent/KR100978872B1/ko
Priority to EP03702079A priority patent/EP1488203A4/fr
Publication of WO2003081192A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003081192A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/08—Protective devices, e.g. casings
    • G01K1/10—Protective devices, e.g. casings for preventing chemical attack
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/02—Means for indicating or recording specially adapted for thermometers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/08—Protective devices, e.g. casings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/14—Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples

Definitions

  • This invention relates to gasif ⁇ ers and more particularly to a novel cap device and method for protecting a thermocouple and the proximal vessel shell of a gasifier in the vicinity of the thermocouple.
  • Gasifiers of the type shown in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,809,104 and 5,484,554 process carbonaceous fuels including coal, petroleum coke, gas and oil to produce gaseous mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, known variably as synthesis gas, coal gas, reducing gas and fuel gas.
  • the housing of a gasifier usually includes an outer reactor shell or vessel formed of steel and lined on the inside with one or more layers of insulating and refractory material such as fire clay and fire brick, also referred to as refractory lining or refractory brick.
  • the inside space of the gasifier includes a reaction chamber wherein the conversion of carbonaceous fuel to gas takes place.
  • Typical gasifier operating temp.eratures can range from approximately 2200° F to 3000° F.
  • Typical gasifier operating pressures can range from 10 to 200 atmospheres.
  • thermocouples At one or more levels in the refractory lining of the gasifier.
  • Thermocouples are often provided at midlevel and/or lower sidewall level sections of a gasifier. Temperature measurement at these levels can also be used to extrapolate information regarding operating conditions at other levels of the gasifier.
  • the number of thermocouples used normally depends on the type of feedstock provided in the gasifier, such as coal or light oil, and the amount of slag that is produced. High slagging gasifiers may employ eight thermocouples, for example, whereas low slagging units or non-slagging units may use only two thermocouples, for example.
  • an elongated thermocouple cavity accommodates an elongated thermocouple that extends through the gasifier shell and the inner refractory lining to the reaction chamber.
  • One end of the thermocouple is supported on the gasifier shell and an opposite end of the thermocouple is recessed from a heat exposed surface of the refractory lining, known as the hot-face surface.
  • the cross-sectional area of the thermocouple cavity is usually kept as small as possible to prevent excessive heat from reaching the gasifier shell through the thermocouple cavity.
  • the refractory lining includes one or more adjacent layers of refractory material such as refractory brick.
  • Refractory brick is known to expand as it heats up from ambient temperature to the operating temperature of the gasifier.
  • the refractory • brick thus "moves" relative to the gasifier shell during thermal expansion because of temperature and coefficient of thermal expansion differences between the refractory lining and the gasifier shell.
  • a thermocouple cavity in the refractory lining will also move relative to the gasifier shell as a consequence of thermal expansion of the refractory lining.
  • thermocouple cavity thus has an ambient temperature position relative to the thermocouple corresponding to an ambient temperature condition of the gasifier.
  • the thermocouple cavity also has an operating temperature position relative to the thermocouple that is different from the ambient temperature position and corresponds to the operating temperature condition of the gasifier.
  • molten slag forms on the hot-face surface of the refractory lining in the gasifier during the conversion of numerous carbonaceous fuels to gas.
  • Molten slag usually flows downwardly along generally vertical portions of the hot-face surface. Downwardly moving slag can migrate into the generally horizontal thermocouple cavity through the cavity opening in the hot-face surface of the refractory lining. Slag that enters the thermocouple cavity will partially fill or completely clog the clearance space in the thermocouple cavity between the thermocouple and the wall of the thermocouple cavity.
  • thermocouple damage can occur, especially if the thermocouple cavity is clogged with solidified slag.
  • thermocouple cavity As previously mentioned movement of the refractory lining during cool down causes the slag in a slag-clogged thermocouple cavity to push against the relatively fixed thermocouple and exert a force against the thermocouple.
  • contraction induced forces imposed on the thermocouple by slag in the thermocouple cavity when the gasifier is cooled down for repairs unrelated to the thermocouple may also cause damage or shearing of one or more thermocouples and necessitate removal and replacement of the damaged thermocouples.
  • Thermocouple repair or replacement may also require a clean out of hardened slag that has accumulated in the thermocouple cavity. Removal of the solidified slag from the thermocouple cavity and reinstallation of a replacement thermocouple is a time consuming and expensive procedure.
  • thermocouple cavity opening and clogging of the thermocouple cavity with slag It is also desirable to minimize transmission of heat from the reaction chamber to the shell of the gasifier through the thermocouple cavity whether or not the gasifier produces slag. In addition, it is desirable to protect the vessel or shell of the gasifier in the vicinity of the thermocouple cavity.
  • a novel gasifier having protection for a thermocouple and a thermocouple cavity and the vessel or shell of the gasifier in the vicinity of the thermocouple cavity
  • a novel cap device for protecting a thermocouple and a thermocouple cavity in a gasifier and the vessel or shell of the gasifier in the vicinity of the thermocouple cavity
  • a novel countersunk cap for forming a protective covering for a thermocouple cavity opening in a gasifier
  • a novel cap device for protecting a thermocouple cavity in a gasifier the cap having holes for transmission of limited heat through the cap
  • a novel protective cap for a thermocouple in a gasifier the cap having an inclined front surface portion to divert slag away from other surface portions of the cap
  • a novel protective cap for a thermocouple in a gasifier the cap having an outer surface with a slag diverting section and a receding section over which slag is diverted
  • a novel protective cap for a thermocouple having an outer surface with a slag
  • a protective cap for a thermocouple and a thermocouple cavity in a gasifier is installed at an opening of the thermocouple cavity in a hot- face lining of the reaction chamber of the gasifier.
  • the protective cap is a generally disc-shaped structure that includes an upper slag deflecting surface and lower receding surface. Slag is thus deflected by the deflecting surface over the receding surface to bypass the receding surface.
  • the receding surface can be provided with one or more holes that communicate with the thermocouple cavity. More than one hole may facilitate manipulation of the cap, and apart from this consideration one hole is also feasible.
  • the hole(s) are inclined in an upward direction to minimize the possibility of slag and excessive heat flowing through the hole(s) into the thermocouple cavity.
  • the slag deflecting surface and lower receding surface can be replaced by a single planar surface.
  • a peripheral edge of the protective cap has upper and lower portions that slope downwardly from a front face of the cap to a rear face of the cap.
  • a counterbore is preferably formed in the refractory lining to accommodate the protective cap and to enable the protective cap to be recessed in the refractory lining.
  • the counterbore and the protective cap are of complementary shape. Under this arrangement the protective cap can be lowered into the counterbore such that the weight of the cap helps maintain the cap in its position in the counterbore.
  • the hole(s) in the protective cap can be omitted since heat transfer through the cap to the thermocouple will provide requisite, although proportionally reduced heat information to the thermocouple.
  • the protective cap without openings, also ensures that no slag will enter the thermocouple cavity.
  • the invention further includes a method of protecting a thermocouple in a gasifier.
  • the method includes forming a thermocouple cavity that extends through a shell of the gasifier, through the refractory lining on the gasifier shell and through a hot-face surface of the refractory lining to define a thermocouple opening at the hot-face surface.
  • the method further includes providing a cap at the thermocouple opening in a covering position to cover the thermocouple opening and thereby prevent molten slag that moves downwardly on the hot- face surface from entering the thermocouple cavity through the thermocouple opening.
  • the method further includes forming a counterbore at the thermocouple opening to enable the protective cap to be recessed a predetermined amount in the thermocouple opening.
  • Further aspects of the method include providing the cap with a slag deflecting surface and a receding surface.
  • Other aspects of the method include the formation of through hole(s), in the cap, and locating the hole(s) in the receding surface of the cap at an upward inclination from a front surface of the cap toward a rear surface of the cap.
  • the method further includes providing a peripheral edge of the cap with upper and lower portions that slope downwardly from a front face of the cap to a rear face of the cap.
  • the invention also includes a method of protecting the vessel or shell of the gasifier in the vicinity of the thermocouple cavity by providing a cap at the thermocouple opening to minimize exposure of the vessel or shell of the gasifier to radiant heat from within the gasifier that would otherwise pass through the thermocouple cavity to the vessel or shell of the gasifier.
  • Fig. 1 is a simplified fragmentary sectional view of an upper portion of a gasifier with thermocouples in thermocouple cavities that are open at the refractory lining;
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view thereof;
  • Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of
  • Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of
  • FIG. 2; Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of a thermocouple in a thermocouple cavity with a protective cap incorporating one embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the protective cap before it is installed in refractory blocks of the refractory lining of the gasifier, with the extent of the thermocouple and the thermocouple cavity in the refractory blocks being shown in dotted outline;
  • Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 7 with the protective cap installed in the refractory blocks, the dotted outline of the extent of the thermocouple and the extent of the thermocouple cavity being omitted for purposes of clarity;
  • Fig. 9A is a perspective view of the lower refractory block of
  • Fig. 9B is a top plan view thereof
  • Fig. 9C is a front elevational view thereof.
  • Fig. 9D is a sectional view taken on the line 9D-9D of Fig. 9C;
  • Fig. 10A is a perspective view of the upper refractory block of
  • Fig. 1 OB is a top plan view thereof
  • Fig. IOC is a front elevational view thereof;
  • Fig. 10D is a sectional view taken on the line 10D-10D of
  • Fig. 11 A is a perspective view of the protective cap incorporating one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 IB is a front elevational view thereof;
  • Fig. 11C is a top plan view thereof; and,
  • Fig. 1 ID is a sectional view taken on the line 11D-1 ID of Fig. 1 IB.
  • a gasifier is generally indicated by the reference number 10 in Fig. 1.
  • the gasifier 10 includes an outer reactor vessel or shell 12, preferably formed of steel, with an inner refractory lining 14 and a top neck portion 18 that supports a feed injector 20.
  • the refractory lining 14 (Figs. 1 and 2) includes, for example, a hot-face layer 24 of refractory brick with a hot-face surface 26, a backup layer 30 of refractory brick, and an outermost layer 34 of refractory brick.
  • a layer of compressible refractory insulation 38 is provided between the outermost layer 34 and the gasifier shell 12.
  • the refractory lining 14 defines a reaction chamber 40 (Fig. 1) in the gasifier 10 that receives carbonaceous fuel from the feed injector 20 for conversion to synthesis gas or "syngas". Portions of the gasifier below that shown in Fig. 1 are not shown in Fig. 1 since they can be of any suitable known construction and are not pertinent to an understanding of the invention.
  • the gasifier 10 is provided with a plurality of any suitable known commercially available thermocouples 44 (Fig. 2).
  • the thermocouple 44 includes an end portion 46 supported in any suitable known manner at the entrance to a known thermocouple nozzle 48 and extends through a thermocouple opening 49 in the gasifier shell 12.
  • the thermocouple nozzle 48 is welded to the gasifier shell 12 in any suitable known manner.
  • the thermocouple 44 which extends through a thermocouple cavity 50 in the refractory lining 14, has a free end 54 that is recessed from the hot-face surface 26 of the refractory lining 14.
  • the thermocouple cavity 50 (Fig. 2) includes a cavity section 58 in the hot-face brick layer 24, a cavity section 60 in the backup brick layer 30 and a cavity section 62 in the outermost brick layer 34.
  • the cavity section 62 generally aligns with the thermocouple opening 49 in the gasifier shell 12.
  • the peripheral wall of the thermocouple cavity 50 is generally indicated by the reference number 64 and will be understood to include the wall or periphery of each of the cavity sections 58, 60 and 62 (Figs. 3-5).
  • the thermocouple cavity 50 has an opening 68 (Fig. 2) at the hot-face surface 26, and in general the opening 68 is uncovered.
  • thermocouple cavity 50 molten slag (not shown), which forms during gasification of numerous different feedstocks, moves downwardly along the hot- face surface 26 and can enter the opening 68 of the thermocouple cavity 50. Slag accumulation in the thermocouple cavity 50 will eventually reduce or eliminate the clearance space between the thermocouple 44 and the thermocouple cavity wall 64.
  • the amount of clearance provided between the thermocouple 44 and the thermocouple cavity wall 64 (Figs. 2-5) is subject to several competing considerations.
  • One consideration is that the clearance must be sufficient enough to avoid interference between the thermocouple 44 and the wall 64 of the thermocouple cavity sections 58, 60 and 62 during normal thermal expansion and contraction of the refractory layers 24, 30 and 34, as when the gasifier 10 heats up or cools down.
  • thermocouple cavity 50 A further consideration regarding the selection of suitable clearance between the thermocouple 44 and the cavity wall 64 is that as the cross-sectional opening of the thermocouple cavity sections 58, 60 and 62 (also referred to as the thermocouple cavity 50) increases, there is a greater likelihood that slag will enter the thermocouple cavity 50 to a greater depth from the cavity opening 68 and reduce or eliminate the desired clearance.
  • thermocouple 44 Another concern regarding the selection of suitable clearance is that the greater the clearance space between the thermocouple 44 and the thermocouple cavity wall 64 the greater the risk of exposure of the gasifier shell 12 to heat from the reaction chamber 40 through the thermocouple cavity 50. If the gasifier shell 12 at the thermocouple opening 49 (Fig. 2) is not protected from process heat by the refractory lining 14 shell damage can occur.
  • the thermocouple cavity sections 58 and 60 (Figs. 2-4) are usually elongated in a vertical direction of expansion of the refractory layers
  • thermocouple 44 Since the hot-face brick layer 24 is subjected to higher degrees of heat exposure and thermal expansion and contraction than the backup brick layer 30 or the outermost brick layer 34, a greater amount of vertical elongation or thermocouple clearance is provided in the cavity section 58 of the hot-face brick layer 24 than in the cavity sections 60 and 62 of the backup brick layer 30 and the outermost brick layer 34.
  • the position of the thermocouple 44 relative to the solid line thermocouple cavity sections 58 and 60 corresponds to an ambient temperature condition of the gasifier 10 before it is heated up to the operating temperature.
  • the refractory layers 24, 30 and 34 which are supported on a lower section of the gasifier (not shown) will generally expand in an upward direction as the gasifier heats up from an ambient temperature condition to operating temperature conditions. Since the hot-face layer 24 (Fig. 1) is closer to the reaction chamber 40 than the layers 30 or 34 there will generally be greater expansion of the layer 24 than the layers 30 or 34 as the gasifier heats up from ambient temperature to operating temperature conditions. In a like manner there will generally be greater expansion of the layer 30 than the layer 34 since the layer 30 is closer to the reaction chamber 40 than the layer 34.
  • the ambient temperature position of the thermocouple 44 relative to the cavity section 58 in the layer 24 allows for a greater amount of vertical movement of the layer 24 to provide a greater amount of thermal expansion clearance below the thermocouple 44 than is provided in the cavity section 60 of the layer 30 (Figs. 2 and 4), and the cavity section 62 of the layer 34 (Figs. 2 and 5).
  • the operating temperature position of the thermocouple 44 relative to the thermocouple cavity sections 58 and 60 is shown dotted in Figs. 3 and 4.
  • the operating temperature position of the thermocouple 44 relative to the cavity section 62 (Fig. 5) is substantially the same during operating temperature conditions and ambient temperature conditions because the outermost layer of refractory brick 34 containing the cavity section 62 expands at substantially the same rate as the gasifier shell 12 which supports the thermocouple nozzle 48 and hence the thermocouple 44.
  • thermocouple cavity 50 When molten slag (not shown) flows downwardly along the hot-face surface 26 it can enter the thermocouple cavity 50 through the cavity opening 68 (Fig. 2). Slag buildup in the thermocouple cavity 50 results in a reduction or elimination of clearance between the thermocouple 44 and the wall 64 of the thermocouple cavity 50.
  • the gasifier 10 When the gasifier 10 is cooled down to ambient temperature conditions for maintenance or repair purposes contractile movement of the refractory linings 24 and 30 will occur in a downward direction. Any appreciable amount of slag in the thermocouple cavity 50 can thus exert a downward force against the thermocouple 44 thereby damaging or shearing the thermocouple 44.
  • 1 In response to the problem of slag buildup in the thermocouple cavity 50 and the problem of heat flow through the thermocouple cavity 50 to the gasifier shell 12, 1 provide a novel protective cap 80 (Figs. 6-8 and HA to 11D).
  • the protective cap 80 covers an opening 120 (Fig. 7) of the thermocouple cavity 58.
  • the protective cap 80 protects the thermocouple 44, substantially eliminates the migration of slag into the thermocouple cavity 58 and restricts the flow of heat through the thermocouple cavity 58 to the gasifier shell 12.
  • the protective cap 80 is recessed in the hot-face layer 24 at the hot-face surface 26 (Fig. 6).
  • the protective cap 80 is a generally disc-shaped structure which can be formed of dense alumina.
  • the cap 80 has a front face 82, a generally planar vertical rear face 84 and a peripheral edge 86 between the front face and the rear face.
  • the front face 82 includes an upper slag diverting section 90 that is inclined away from the rear face 84 in a downward vertical direction when the cap is in a selected orientation as shown in Fig. 8.
  • the front face 82 also includes a receding section 92, below the slag diverting section 90.
  • the receding section 92 is inclined toward the rear face 84 in a downward direction when the cap 80 is in the selected orientation as shown in Fig. 8.
  • the slag diverting section 90 is of smaller area than the receding section 92.
  • the peripheral edge 86 of the cap 80 has an upper portion 96 and a lower portion 98 that slope downwardly from the front face 82 to the rear face 84 when the cap is in the selected orientation as shown in Figs. 6-8.
  • the cap 80 has a maximum thickness where the slag diverting section 90 and the receding section 92 intersect at the intersection line 100 (Fig. 1 ID).
  • a pair of holes 104 and 106 extend through the front face 82 to the rear face 84 and are inclined upwardly from the front face 82 to the rear face 84 when the cap 80 is in the selected orientation of Figs. 6-8.
  • the holes 104 and 106 are located in the receding section 92 (Fig. 1 IB) of the front face 82. It should be noted that the two holes 104 and 106 can facilitate manipulation of the cap 80 during installation and removal, if necessary.
  • a single hole in the cap 80 It is also feasible to provide a single hole in the cap 80.
  • a single hole provided in the cap 80 at the receding section 92 would also permit using a higher inclination angle for the hole than is possible with the two holes 104 and 106 as shown.
  • a cap without holes might also be feasible.
  • thermocouple cavity 58 is preferably formed in upper and lower refractory blocks 110 and 112 which can be formed of dense alumina, each block including a portion of the cavity 58. It has been found that the two separate blocks 110 and 112, are easier to handle and install in the hot-face layer 24 than one block (not shown) containing the cavity 58.
  • the thermocouple cavity 58 (Fig. 7) includes a counterbore 118 at the cavity opening 120.
  • the counterbore 118 is of complementary shape with the rear face 84 and the peripheral edge 86 of the cap 80.
  • the protective cap 80 can thus be lowered into the counterbore 118 such that the weight of the cap 80 helps maintain the position of the cap 80 in the counterbore 118 because of the downwardly inclined portions 96 and 98 of the peripheral edge 86.
  • refractory cement (not shown) can be provided at the surface of the counterbore 118 and at the periphery 86 of the cap 80 to further secure the cap 80 in the counterbore 118.
  • the size of the protective cap 80 depends in part on the size of the thermocouple 44 and the thermocouple blocks 110 and 112 (Figs. 9A and 10A), some dimensional examples for the protective cap 80 include a height of approximately 115 mm for the rear face 84, a distance of approximately 100 mm from the line of intersection 100 to the lower peripheral edge portion 98 and a distance of approximately 17 mm from the line of intersection 100 to the upper peripheral edge portion 96.
  • the circular portion of the receding section 92 of the front face 82 has a width of approximately 113 mm.
  • the angle between the slag diverting section 90 and the receding section 92 is approximately 145°.
  • the angle between the slag diverting section 90 and the upper peripheral edge portion 96 is approximately 110°.
  • the angle between the receding section 92 and the lower peripheral edge 98 is approximately 105°.
  • the angle between the upper peripheral edge 96 and the rear face 84 is approximately 100°.
  • the angle between the lower peripheral edge 98 and the rear face 84 is approximately 80°.
  • the upper and lower peripheral edges 96 and 98 are approximately 22 mm thick and the holes 104 and 106 are approximately 25 mm in diameter and make an angle of approximately 80° with the rear face 84.
  • the distance between the holes 104 and 106 on the front face 92 can be approximately 24 mm.
  • the lower refractory block 112 includes a hot-face surface portion 126 and a semi-counterbore portion 118a that is complementary to the lower peripheral edge portion 98 of the protective cap 80.
  • the lower refractory block 112 also includes a lower section 58a of the cavity 58 and opposite sidewalls 128 and 130 that have a slight taper from the hot-face surface portion 126 to a rear-face portion 132.
  • the hot-face surface portion 126 (Fig.
  • thermocouple block 112 is slightly concave from the sidewall 128 to the sidewall 130 and the rear face portion 132 is slightly convex from the sidewall 128 to the sidewall 130 because the thermocouple block 112 is provided at the refractory lining 14 where said lining has a cylindrical shape.
  • the tapered sidewalls 128 and 130 help lock the lower refractory block 112 in the hot-face layer 24 where the refractory lining 14 is of cylindrical shape.
  • the lower refractory block 112 also includes a bottom surface 134, and a top surface 136 that confronts the upper refractory block 110.
  • the upper refractory block 110 includes a concave hot-face surface portion 126 similar to that of the thermocouple block 112 and a semi-counterbore portion 118b that is complementary to the upper peripheral edge portion 96 of the protective cap 80.
  • the upper refractory block 110 also includes an upper section 58b of the cavity 116 and opposite sidewalls 142 and 144 that have a slight taper from the hot-face surface portion 126 to a rear-face portion 146 similar to that of the sidewalls 128 and 130 of the thermocouple block 112.
  • the rear face portion 146 is convex similar to that of the rear face portion 132 of the thermocouple block 112.
  • the tapered sidewalls 142 and 144 help lock the upper refractory block 110 in the hot-face layer 24 where the refractory lining 14 is of cylindrical shape.
  • the upper refractory block 110 also includes a top surface 148, and a bottom surface 150 that confronts the top surface 136 of the lower refractory block 112.
  • the size of the upper thermocouple block 110 can be for example, approximately 155 mm wide at the hot-face surface 126 between the sidewalls 142 and 144 and approximately 180 mm wide at the rear face 146 between the sidewalls 142 and 144.
  • the sidewalls 142 and 144 are inclined approximately 4° from the hot-face surface 126 to the rear face 146.
  • the distance between the hot-face surface 126 and the rear face 146 is approximately 175 mm and the distance between the bottom surface 150 and the top surface 148 is approximately 190 mm.
  • the cavity section 58b has a curved portion with a radius of approximately 25.6 mm that is recessed approximately 13 mm from the bottom surface 150 such that the distance between the bottom surface 150 and the bottom of the cavity section 58b is approximately 38 mm.
  • the counterbore 118b (Fig. 10D) has a radius of approximately 57 mm and the wall of the counterbore is inclined at an angle of approximately 80°.
  • thermocouple block 112 The size and angular relationships for the lower thermocouple block 112 are substantially the same as for the upper thermocouple block 110 except for the wall of the counterbore (Fig. 9D) which is inclined at an angle of approximately 100°.
  • the cavity 60 in the backup brick layer 30 can be formed in two thermocouple blocks 160 and 162 (Fig. 6) that each include a portion of the cavity 60.
  • the thermocouple blocks 160 and 162 are constructed in a manner similar to that described for the thermocouple blocks 110 and 112. However, the thermocouple blocks 160 and 162 can be made smaller than the thermocouple blocks 110 and 112 because there is no counterbore in the blocks 160 and 162 and because the elongation or clearance of the thermocouple cavity 60 need not be as large as the elongation or clearance of the thermocouple cavity 116.
  • thermocouple cavity 62 in the outermost layer of brick 34 can be formed in one thermocouple block 170 (Fig. 6) since the cavity 62 can be of circular cross-section and substantially does not move relative to the thermocouple 44.
  • the thermocouple block 170 can be made taller than the thermocouple blocks 160 and 162 since the outermost layer of brick 34 is generally narrower than the hot face layer 24 or the backup layer of brick 30 and is generally of lower density than the hot-face thermocouple blocks 110 and 112.
  • the protective cap 80 thus reduces or eliminates flow of slag into the thermocouple cavity 58 and substantially reduces the transmission of heat from the reaction chamber 40 through the thermocouple cavity 58 to the gasifier shell 12.
  • thermocouple cavity 58 and the thermocouple 44 are substantially protected from migration of slag into the cavity 58.
  • the clearance space between the thermocouple 44, the thermocouple cavity 58 and the cavity sections 60 and 62 should remain free of slag that forms in the reaction chamber 40 during conversion of carbonaceous fuel to syngas.
  • thermocouple cavity 58 With the protective cap 80 substantially reduces the rate of heat transmission through the thermocouple cavity 58 and substantially reduces or eliminates the entry of slag into the thermocouple cavity 58 it may be feasible to provide a thermocouple cavity with greater clearance space for the thermocouple 44 than would be provided in the unprotected thermocouple cavity 50 of Fig. 2. Increased clearance in a thermocouple cavity would ensure safety of the thermocouple 44 under unexpected temperature extremes that cause additional thermal expansion of refractory brick.
  • the invention thus includes a novel method of protecting a thermocouple in a gasifier.
  • the method includes forming a thermocouple cavity that extends through the refractory lining and through the gasifier shell such that a thermocouple opening is formed at a hot-face surface of the refractory lining.
  • the method further includes providing a protective cap at the thermocouple cavity opening in a covering position to cover the thermocouple cavity opening and thereby prevent slag that is formed in the gasifier from entering the thermocouple cavity through the thermocouple cavity opening.
  • the method further includes forming a counterbore at the thermocouple opening to enable the protective cap to be recessed a predetermined amount in the thermocouple opening.
  • the method include providing the protective cap with a slag deflecting surface and a receding surface.
  • the method also includes the formation of one or more through holes in the receding surface of the protective cap at an upward inclination from a front surface of the cap toward a rear surface of the cap.
  • the method further includes providing a peripheral edge of the protective cap with upper and lower portions that slope downwardly from a front face of the cap to a rear face of the cap.
  • thermocouple for a thermocouple and a thermocouple cavity in a gasifier that overcomes the problem of slag accumulation in the thermocouple cavity by reducing or preventing the flow of slag into the thermocouple cavity.
  • the protective cap reduces the transmission of heat from the reaction chamber of the gasifier through the thermocouple cavity to the gasifier shell.
  • the protective cap has a slag deflecting surface and a receding surface and the slag deflecting surface deflects slag away from the receding surface of the cap.
  • the cap can include one or more holes that communicate with the thermocouple cavity to enable the thermocouple to monitor actual gasifier temperatures rather than compensated temperatures which result from the insulating effect of a cap. Relatively small holes in the cap minimize the possibility of thermal shock damage to the thermocouple that can occur without the cap.
  • thermocouple cavity is inclined in an upward direction to prevent any slag that might flow onto the receding surface from migrating through the openings into the thermocouple cavity.
  • Another advantage is that by protecting the thermocouple cavity with the protective cap to reduce or prevent slag from entering the thermocouple cavity it is possible to enlarge the thermocouple cavity without risk of slag penetration because the enlarged thermocouple cavity would have the protective cap.
  • use of the protective cap permits provision of greater amounts of clearance between the thermocouple and the thermocouple cavity than would be feasible without a protective cap.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à une coiffe de protection (80) pour un thermocouple (44) dans un détendeur de gaz (10) disposé à l'ouverture d'une cavité de thermocouple dans un chemisage de face chaude de la chambre de réaction d'un détendeur de gaz. La coiffe présente une structure ayant globalement la forme d'un disque qui, dans un mode de réalisation, comporte une surface de déviation de laitier sur une surface fuyante pour contourner la surface fuyante. Un logement cylindrique est formé dans le chemisage réfractaire pour loger la coiffe de protection et permettre l'encastrement de la coiffe de protection dans le chemisage réfractaire. Des orifices peuvent être aménagés dans la coiffe avec une inclinaison vers le haut pour minimiser la possibilité d'un mouvement vers le bas d'écoulement de laitier à travers les orifices dans la cavité de thermocouple (50). Les orifices peuvent être prévus d'une taille suffisamment petite pour minimiser le risque de permettre à la chaleur rayonnante excessive d'atteindre le boîtier ou l'enveloppe (12) du détendeur de gaz. Un rebord périphérique de la coiffe présente des portions supérieure et inférieure qui s'inclinent vers le bas pour contribuer au maintien de la coiffe dans sa position dans le logement cylindrique.
PCT/US2003/000914 2002-03-18 2003-01-13 Coiffe de protection pour thermocouple dans un detendeur de gaz Ceased WO2003081192A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003202964A AU2003202964B2 (en) 2002-03-18 2003-01-13 Protective cap for a thermocouple in a gasifier
CA002486763A CA2486763A1 (fr) 2002-03-18 2003-01-13 Coiffe de protection pour thermocouple dans un detendeur de gaz
JP2003578878A JP4436687B2 (ja) 2002-03-18 2003-01-13 ガス化装置内の熱電対のための保護キャップ
KR1020047014710A KR100978872B1 (ko) 2002-03-18 2003-01-13 가스화기, 가스화기 내의 열전쌍 보호 캡, 가스화기 내의 열전쌍 보호 방법, 및 가스화기의 용기 또는 쉘을 보호하는 방법
EP03702079A EP1488203A4 (fr) 2002-03-18 2003-01-13 Coiffe de protection pour thermocouple dans un detendeur de gaz

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/100,606 US20030174756A1 (en) 2002-03-18 2002-03-18 Protective cap for a thermocouple in a gasifier
US29/157,311 USD472481S1 (en) 2002-03-18 2002-03-18 Protective cap for a thermocouple in a gasifier
US29/157,311 2002-03-18
US10/100,606 2002-03-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003081192A1 true WO2003081192A1 (fr) 2003-10-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2003/000914 Ceased WO2003081192A1 (fr) 2002-03-18 2003-01-13 Coiffe de protection pour thermocouple dans un detendeur de gaz

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1488203A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP4436687B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100978872B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100587424C (fr)
AU (1) AU2003202964B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2486763A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003081192A1 (fr)

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CN102322969A (zh) * 2011-06-03 2012-01-18 华东理工大学 用于气流床气化炉的高温测试探头及其装置、测试方法
WO2010080479A3 (fr) * 2009-01-08 2012-10-04 General Electric Company Tablette d'appui pour coupole de gazéifieur et thermocouple
CN103808421A (zh) * 2014-01-22 2014-05-21 东风商用车有限公司 一种缸盖测温用铠装热电偶总成及其制作和安装方法
US9766133B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2017-09-19 Lummus Technology Inc. Thermal sensing system

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CN101003358B (zh) * 2006-12-12 2011-05-18 华东理工大学 含烃物质浆态或粉态进料的多喷嘴气化炉及其工业应用
US20100031570A1 (en) * 2008-08-07 2010-02-11 Wei Chen Method and system for an integrated gasifier and syngas cooler
US8372333B2 (en) * 2009-01-08 2013-02-12 General Electric Company Angled probe for vessel
CN105136323B (zh) * 2015-09-11 2017-12-22 河南天利热工装备股份有限公司 一种设有冷却水回路的整体塞砖式热电偶
KR102007813B1 (ko) * 2019-03-04 2019-10-21 성창화 유기성 폐기물의 환원 가스화 처리 장치용 환원로 및 이를 포함하는 환원 가스화 처리 장치 및 유기성 폐기물의 환원 가스화 처리 시스템
CN115164611A (zh) * 2022-06-09 2022-10-11 云南铜业股份有限公司西南铜业分公司 一种冶金炉窑耐火砖热电偶系统及热电偶的安装方法
KR102753330B1 (ko) * 2024-07-30 2025-01-14 주식회사 우석이엔씨 합성가스 생산을 위한 열분해·가스화 시스템 및 장치

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Cited By (6)

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WO2010080479A3 (fr) * 2009-01-08 2012-10-04 General Electric Company Tablette d'appui pour coupole de gazéifieur et thermocouple
CN102322969A (zh) * 2011-06-03 2012-01-18 华东理工大学 用于气流床气化炉的高温测试探头及其装置、测试方法
CN102322969B (zh) * 2011-06-03 2013-04-24 华东理工大学 用于气流床气化炉的高温测试探头及其装置、测试方法
US9766133B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2017-09-19 Lummus Technology Inc. Thermal sensing system
EP2926100B1 (fr) * 2012-11-30 2020-07-29 Lummus Technology LLC Système de détection thermique
CN103808421A (zh) * 2014-01-22 2014-05-21 东风商用车有限公司 一种缸盖测温用铠装热电偶总成及其制作和安装方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2006509995A (ja) 2006-03-23
EP1488203A1 (fr) 2004-12-22
CN100587424C (zh) 2010-02-03
CA2486763A1 (fr) 2003-10-02
AU2003202964B2 (en) 2007-08-09
JP4436687B2 (ja) 2010-03-24
AU2003202964A1 (en) 2003-10-08
CN1650153A (zh) 2005-08-03
KR100978872B1 (ko) 2010-08-31
KR20050013532A (ko) 2005-02-04
EP1488203A4 (fr) 2011-06-29

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