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WO2003078556A1 - Lubrifiant pour moteur a deux temps - Google Patents

Lubrifiant pour moteur a deux temps Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003078556A1
WO2003078556A1 PCT/US2003/007541 US0307541W WO03078556A1 WO 2003078556 A1 WO2003078556 A1 WO 2003078556A1 US 0307541 W US0307541 W US 0307541W WO 03078556 A1 WO03078556 A1 WO 03078556A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lubricant
weight percent
solvent
gasoline
synthetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2003/007541
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English (en)
Inventor
John F. Barnes
Matthew S. Bronstad
Harold Shaub
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NCH Corp
Original Assignee
NCH Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NCH Corp filed Critical NCH Corp
Priority to AU2003225759A priority Critical patent/AU2003225759A1/en
Publication of WO2003078556A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003078556A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/127—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids polycarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/2815—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids used as base material
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    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/402—Castor oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C10M2215/285—Amides; Imides used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/081—Biodegradable compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/50—Emission or smoke controlling properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/26—Two-strokes or two-cycle engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
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    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a lubricant composition that provides excellent lubricity and miscibility when used in two-cycle engines.
  • the invention also relates to a lubricant composition that, when mixed with engine fuel, reduces smoke and other particulate emissions produced by the combustion of such fuel and reduces the amount of fuel used.
  • the compositions of the invention are believed useful in two-cycle engines that are either air-cooled or liquid-cooled.
  • Two-cycle engines present particular challenges for engine lubricants because the lubricant must be incorporated into the fuel, either as a premix or by direct injection.
  • Two-cycle engine lubricants should be readily miscible with gasoline, provide lubricity to moving engine parts such as pistons and engine bearings, and should not contribute to spark plug fouling or pre- ignition, or to the formation of undesirable smoke and other particulate emissions when the fuel is combusted.
  • such two-cycle engine lubricants should flow well at low temperatures, remain shelf stable for at least six months, and preferably up to two years, to facilitate packaging, distribution and storage prior to use.
  • NMMA National Marine Manufacturer's Association
  • Global GD oils are synthetic or semi-synthetic, extreme temperature/anti- scuff/lubricity, low smoke, low ash oils.
  • Global GC oils are high lubricity/detergent, low smoke, semi-synthetic, low ash oils.
  • Global GB oils do not require any synthetic to meet specifications, but contain detergent and/or lubricity additives and are typically low to medium ash oils.
  • EGD oils have great detergency as identified in proposed Draft International Standard 13738. There is presently no JASO counterpart to EGD oils.
  • JASO FC oils are comparable to GC oils and are typical of the low smoke type oils in the Japanese market.
  • JASO FB oils are comparable to the GB oils but have high performance in lubricity but are not of the low smoke type.
  • JASO FA rated oils are used primarily in Pacific Rim countries, have the absolute minimum acceptable performance level for two-cycle engines and are characterized by medium to high ash mineral oils with limited lubricity and detergency.
  • Conventional two-cycle engine lubricants can typically comprise, for example, a neutral oil for general lubrication; bright stock base oils or another lubricity additive for piston lubrication; a detergent and dispersant for engine cleanliness and protection; polyisobutylene (PIB) or another similarly effective component for reducing carbon deposits and smoke; a solvent carrier or diluent to improve miscibility; and a pour point depressant for flowability at low temperatures.
  • PIB polyisobutylene
  • Even the more expensive, full synthetic lubricants now commercially available are believed to require PIB to achieve low smoke. Minor effective amount of various additive packages can also be included to reduce wear and corrosion of engine parts.
  • two-cycle engine lubricants are typically combined with gasoline engine fuel at fuel-blend ratios ranging from about 16 to about 100 parts fuel per part of lubricant, by volume.
  • overbased sulfonates in engine oil lubricants is disclosed, for example, in U.S. 2,585,520.
  • Processes for making overbased sulfonates are disclosed, for example, in United States Patent Nos. 4,129,589; 4,306,983; 4,347,147; 4,597,880; 4,617,135; and 5,259,966.
  • Engine lubricant additives comprising overbased sulfonates and jojoba oil are disclosed, for example, in United States Patent Nos. 4,557,841 ; 4,664,821 ; 4,668,413; and 5,505,867.
  • polyalphaolefins PAO
  • oligomers of decene are disclosed as being excellent components for use in synthetic lubricants due to their low volatility, stability, lubricity and low toxicity, but are said to have poor biodegradability and to be three to five times as expensive as mineral oil.
  • the addition of organic esters to polyalphaolefins is disclosed as being useful in making synthetic lubricants because the ester adds the polarity required to dissolve the additives.
  • Synthetic polyol esters are typically neopentyl polyol esters made by reacting monobasic fatty acids with polyhedric alcohols having a neopentyl structure. In polyol alcohol molecules having the neopentyl structure, there are no hydrogens on the beta-carbon. Eliminating the beta-hydrogen, which is typically the first site of thermal attack on diesters, improves the thermal stability of the polyol esters and allows them to be used a much higher temperatures. Polyol esters are known to be useful for blending with PAOs in passenger car motor oils.
  • Lubes 'N Greases reported the following as five types of biodegradable base stocks disclosed by Dr. J. Perez of Pennsylvania State University as being available to manufacturers who want to produce environmentally friendly lubricants: Polyalphaolefins (PAOs), particularly low molecular weight oligomers of alpha-decene; polyalkylene glocols (PAGs); dibasic acid esters (Diesters), particularly those made from adipic acid and other carboxylic acids esterified with alcohols; polyol esters (PE), and high oleic vegetable oils (HOVOs).
  • PAOs Polyalphaolefins
  • PAGs polyalkylene glocols
  • Diesters dibasic acid esters
  • PE polyol esters
  • HOVOs high oleic vegetable oils
  • Lubricants Lubrication Engineering (July 1998, pp. 10-17) state that biodegradable lubricants should also meet the same performance characteristics, such as lubricity, viscosity, flow and cold pour characteristics, thermal and oxidative stability, corrosivity and compatability as mineral-based lubricants.
  • the article presents case study summaries that are said to demonstrate the utility of biodegradable lubricants in saw guide oils, hydraulic valve actuator oils, turbine oils, and rail curve greases, but not as engine lubricants.
  • compositions disclosed herein are preferred for use as lubricants in fuels for two-cycle engines.
  • the compositions of the invention are particularly preferred for use as a total volume replacement for conventional lubricants presently used in two- cycle engines, no matter whether the lubricant is pre-mixed with gasoline or is separately injected.
  • the subject compositions exhibit excellent lubricity, corrosion, wear and oxidation resistance, even at extreme pressures or low temperatures, are biodegradable and are readily miscible with gasoline.
  • the lubricants of the invention are also effective for reducing smoke and other particulate emissions normally produced by two-cycle engines during use.
  • a two-cycle engine lubricant comprises from about 10% to about 30% low ash detergent inhibitor; from about 10% to about 45% bio-based ester selected from the group consisting of castor oil, synthetic polyol-based ester, and mixtures thereof; from about 14% to about 37% polyalphaolefin; from about 7% to about 18% synthetic ester; from 2% to about 10% surfactant; and from about 2% to about 5% pour point depressant, all by weight of the lubricant.
  • the subject two-cycle lubricant can also comprise up to about 20 wt.% solvent, such as Stoddard solvent, to improve miscibility of the lubricant with gasoline fuel, provided that the viscosity of the lubricant remains at least about 6.5 cSt at 100° C following dilution with the solvent.
  • the two- cycle engine lubricant as disclosed herein is preferably added to gasoline fuel at a fuel- to-oil ratio ranging from about 50 to about 100 parts fuel per part of lubricant, by volume, although it will be appreciated that either lower or higher treat rates may also be viable for some lubricants and applications.
  • the two-cycle engine lubricant as disclosed herein can also be mixed with gasoline and packaged for retail sale, especially for use in applications with relative small fuel tanks (a gallon or less) where premixed lubricant and fuel are required.
  • the fuel and lubricant are desirably premixed in the ratio recommended by the engine manufacturer, and prepackaged fuel/lubricant mixtures in selected fuel-to-oil ratios such as, for example, 100 to 1 or 50 to 1 can be provided.
  • the detergent inhibitor and PAO are premixed for about 10 to 15 minutes under high shear at a temperature ranging from about 120° to about 125° F and than added to a second premixture of the castor oil, synthetic ester, pour point depressant, surfactant and, optionally, solvent that has itself been premixed for about 20 to 40 minutes under the same or similar conditions.
  • the combined first and second premixes are then further mixed, preferably under high shear conditions at a temperature of about 120-125° F for about 30 to 35 minutes, after which they are cooled to ambient conditions and packaged.
  • Two-cycle engine lubricants made as disclosed herein are believed to exhibit excellent shelf stability and can be stored at least six months, and often up to two years or more, without detrimental separation of the components into layers.
  • compositions of the invention are more particularly described herein in relation to the preferred embodiment of a two-cycle engine lubricant that is miscible with gasoline. It should be understood, however, that the disclosed compositions can also have utility as lubricants or lubricant additives for other applications and lubricant systems.
  • the two-cycle engine lubricant of the invention preferably comprises detergent inhibitor, dehydrated castor oil, PAO, a synthetic ester, a surfactant, a pour point depressant and, optionally, a solvent.
  • the subject lubricant is stable and does not separate into layers during a typical shelf life of six months to two years or more when mixed with gasoline. Care should be taken, however, to follow the method of the invention because castor oil is not soluble in the other principal components and can form an immiscible layer unless properly combined with the other lubricant components.
  • the detergent inhibitor component of the invention can comprise one or more of many different commercially available products containing one or more nitrogen blends, it preferably does not comprise an overbased sulfonate.
  • the low ash detergent inhibitor component preferably Lubrizol ® 600, Lubrizol ® 420, or another similarly effective material, is preferably used in an amount ranging from about 10 up to about 30 weight percent of the lubricant. Lubrizol ® 600 and Lubrizol ® 420 are marketed by The Lubrizol Corporation of Wickliffe, OH.
  • Lubrizol ® 600 has a specific gravity of 0.932, a viscosity of 165 cSt (at 100° C) and a pour point of -9° C.
  • Lubrizol ® 420 is a very low (0.2) ash detergent inhibitor that has a specific gravity of 0.92 and a viscosity of 100 cSt (at 100° C).
  • the detergent inhibitor component provides antioxidant, antiwear and anticorrosion protection in the subject lubricant, and it is believed that at least about 10 weight percent is needed to afford the desired degree of protection.
  • Lubrizol ® 600 is recommended by the manufacturer as a low ash performance package for use in non- outboard two cycle engine oils.
  • the manufacturer recommends the use of from 4.8 to 9.3 weight percent Lubrizol ® 600 in combination with PIB having a molecular weight of about 950 in the lubricant.
  • shelf stability is often improved where the amount of detergent inhibitor ranges from about 15 to about 25 weight percent, and lubricant compositions containing about 20 weight percent detergent inhibitor are particularly preferred.
  • ashless detergent inhibitors can also be used in the lubricants of the invention.
  • the lubricant compositions of the invention preferably further comprise from about 10 to about 45 weight percent bio-based ester selected from the group consisting of dehydrated castor oil and a high performance synthetic polyol-based ester to provide lubricity and promote cleaner burning.
  • bio-based ester selected from the group consisting of dehydrated castor oil and a high performance synthetic polyol-based ester to provide lubricity and promote cleaner burning.
  • Lubricant compositions comprising about 35 weight percent dehydrated castor oil are particularly preferred.
  • greater amounts of the bio-based ester component can be used beneficially in the compositions of the invention, cost considerations can favor limiting the content to about 35 weight percent.
  • bio-based ester is castor oil and the amount of castor oil in the subject compositions approaches or exceeds about 45 weight percent, it may be desirable to reduce the amount of PAO in the formulation, and to increase the amount of synthetic ester and surfactant proportionally to improve solubility in the mixture.
  • One preferred castor oil is AA ® Standard castor oil, marketed by CasChem, Inc. of Bayonne, N.J.
  • AA ® Standard castor oil is a commercial, refined grade of castor oil that is a light colored viscous liquid with a molecular weight of about 928, a specific gravity of 0.959, a pour point of -10° F, a viscosity of 7.3 stokes at 25° C, and an acid value of 2.
  • XXX-1 ® Oil marketed by CasChem, Inc. of Bayonne, N.J.
  • XXX-1 ® Oil a dehydrated castor oil recommended as a lubricant for food processing plants, is soluble in mineral oil and all common organic solvents except methanol and ethanol, has a specific gravity of 0.94, a viscosity of 2.8 stokes at 25° C, and a pour point of -40° F. Layering within the finished lubricant is more likely to occur when castor oil is used that contains water.
  • a preferred polyol-based ester for alternative use as the bio-based ester component in the subject two-cycle engine lubricant compositions is Agri-PureTM 560 lubricant (AP-560), marketed by Cargill, Inc. of Chicago, IL.
  • AP-560 was developed to meet the extreme requirements of major OEM bio-hydraulic fluids (Caterpillar spec, for BF-1) and is also marketed for applications including general lubricating oils.
  • AP-560 has a specific gravity of 0.924, a viscosity of 6.47 cSt at 100° C, and a pour point of minus 20° C.
  • the lubricant compositions of the invention preferably further comprise from about 14 to about 37 weight percent PAO, a synthetic oil comprising hydrogenated trimer and homopolymer of 1-decene, preferably having a viscosity ranging from about 2 to about 6 cSt at 100° C, and most preferably about 4 cSt.
  • Lubricants containing PAO having a viscosity ranging from about 2 to about 4 cSt at 100° C are believed to be more biodegradable than those with higher viscosity PAOs.
  • Use of the preferred PAO in the subject compositions is believed to result in lubricants characterized by less smoke, good biodegradability, and lower engine operating temperatures than lubricants made with mineral oil.
  • PAOs having viscosities greater than about 6 cSt can cause the resultant lubricant to produce more smoke and other particulate emissions.
  • the preferred PAOs as described herein are marketed, for example, by Chevron Oronite Corporation.
  • compositions of the invention preferably further comprise from about
  • Hatco ® 2976 comprises 2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexanonate is a pure, low viscosity, single molecule synthetic ester having polar functionality and a well-hindered ester linkage that provides metal wetting and lubricity characteristics while maintaining a clean system.
  • Hatco ® 2976 has a specific gravity of 0.86, a viscosity of 1.1 cSt at 100° C and a pour point of less than -7.5° C.
  • the synthetic ester component is present in an amount less than about 7 weight percent, the miscibility of the resultant lubricant is reduced. Amounts of synthetic ester ranging up to about 20 weight percent can also be used in the subject compositions, although amounts greater than about 15 weight percent are not generally cost effective.
  • compositions of the invention preferably further comprise from about
  • a pour point depressant that is designed to work in vegetable oils.
  • a preferred component for use as a pour point depressant in the compositions of the invention is an ester, diethylhexyl adipate, marketed by Rhomax under the trademark Viscoplex ® 10-930. Amounts less than about 1 weight percent are generally ineffective for depressing the pour point of the lubricant to the desired extent, while the use of amounts greater than about 5 percent is not needed, is not believed to be cost effective, and may even raise the pour point.
  • compositions of the invention preferably further comprise from about
  • a preferred surfactant for use in the invention is a polyolefin derivative marketed as a sodium sulfonate replacement under the trademark Addconate-H ® by Gateway Additive Co., a subsidiary of The Lubrizol Corporation.
  • Addconate-H ® is a slightly hazy liquid having a specific gravity of 0.94, a viscosity of 4361 cSt at 100° F and a viscosity index of 107.
  • the preferred surfactant is said to comprise a highly branched succinic acid that can be neutralized with potassium hydroxide and amine.
  • the two-cycle engine lubricants of the invention can optionally comprise from 0 up to about 20 volume percent solvent to improve miscibility of the lubricant with the engine fuel.
  • the lubricant is preferably diluted with up to about 2 parts solvent per 8 parts lubricant, by volume, where the lubricant is formulated as otherwise described above. Satisfactory results are achieved, for example, where the lubricant is diluted with an amount of solvent equal to about 1 part solvent per 9 parts, by volume, of the lubricant. Desirably, the amount of solvent that should be added is limited by the viscosity of the resultant lubricant, which should not be permitted to drop below about 6.5 cSt at 100° C.
  • the solvent should desirably be compatible with the other components of the lubricant, not forming a precipitate or flocculant.
  • a preferred solvent for use in the subject compositions is Stoddard Solvent, which is well known to those of skill in the art, although other similarly effective solvents can likewise be used within the scope of the invention.
  • the two-cycle engine lubricant as disclosed herein is preferably added to gasoline fuel at a fuel-to-oil ratio ranging from about 50 to about 100 parts fuel per part of lubricant, by volume, although it will be appreciated that higher or lower treat rates may also be viable for some lubricants and applications. For example, fuel-to-oil ratios of 16 to 1 , 24 to 1 or 32 to 1 are believed to be recommended by some engine manufacturers.
  • compositions of the invention are preferably made by premixing each of two groups of components that are then combined and further mixed as described below.
  • all the components are either soluble or miscible in each other and are desirably thoroughly dispersed to produce a lubricant that does not separate into layers during the expected conditions of storage and use.
  • a first premixture is prepared by combining a first set of components comprising detergent inhibitor and PAO in a steam-jacketed, high shear mixer, wherein the first set of components is stirred or otherwise mixed for about 10 to about 15 minutes, most preferably at a temperature of about 120 to about 125° F.
  • a second premixture is prepared by combining a second set of components comprising the bio-based ester component, synthetic ester, surfactant and pour point depressant in a similar jacketed, high shear mixer, and stirring or otherwise mixing at a temperature preferably ranging from about 120 to about 125° F for a period ranging from about 20 to about 40 minutes.
  • the first premix is then desirably added to the second premix and stirred or otherwise mixed under high shear conditions at a temperature preferably ranging from about 120 to about 125° F for a period ranging from about 30 to about 35 minutes.
  • a convenient premixed, pre-packaged fuel/lubricant mixture suitable for use with small two-cycle engines having relatively small gas tanks (for example, from about 500 ml up to about a gallon) and lacking a direct lubricant injection system can be made by combining the cooled lubricant as described above with gasoline prior to packaging.
  • the gasoline and lubricant are desirably combined in ratios corresponding to the fuel-to-oil ratios typically required by manufacturers of such two-cycle engines.
  • the two-cycle engine lubricant of the invention can be premixed and packaged at a fuel-to-oil ratio of about 50 to 1 , or about 100 to 1 , or at such other ratio as may be needed, typically by volume.
  • Lubricants of the invention intended for use in pre-packaged fuel/lubricant mixtures will desirably include a solvent component as previously described.
  • a two-cycle engine lubricant was prepared by formulating first and second premixtures that were thereafter combined.
  • a first premixture was prepared by combining a first set of components comprising 20 weight percent Lubrizol ® 600 and 28 weight percent 4 cSt PAO in a steam-jacketed, high shear mixer, and stirring for about 15 minutes at a temperature ranging between about 120° and 125° F.
  • a second premixture was prepared by combining a second set of components comprising 35 weight percent AA castor oil, 10 weight percent Hatco ® 2976 synthetic ester, 5 weight percent Addco ⁇ ate-H ® surfactant, and 2 weight percent Viscoplex ® 10-930 pour point depressant in a similar jacketed, high shear mixer and stirring for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the first premix was then added to the second premix and stirred under high shear conditions for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the resultant lubricant was cooled to ambient temperature. No component separation was observed following cooling of the lubricant.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Another two-cycle engine lubricant composition was prepared as described in Example 1 except that 35 weight percent AP-560 polyol-based ester was substituted for the AA castor oil. No component separation was observed following cooling of the lubricant.
  • a two-cycle engine lubricant was prepared by formulating first and second premixtures that were thereafter combined.
  • a first premixture was prepared by combining a first set of components comprising 19 weight percent Lubrizol ® 420 and 28 weight percent 4 cSt PAO in a steam-jacketed, high shear mixer, and stirring for about 15 minutes at a temperature ranging between about 120° and 125° F.
  • a second premixture was prepared by combining a second set of components comprising 36 weight percent AA castor oil, 10 weight percent Hatco ® 2976 synthetic ester, 5 weight percent Addconate-H ® surfactant, and 2 weight percent Viscoplex ® 10-930 pour point depressant in a similar jacketed, high shear mixer and stirring for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the first premix was then added to the second premix and stirred under high shear conditions for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the resultant lubricant was cooied to ambient temperature. Component separation was thereafter observed in the lubricant.
  • EXAMPLE 4 Another two-cycle engine lubricant composition was prepared as described in Example 3 except that 36 weight percent AP-560 polyol-based ester was substituted for the AA castor oil. No component separation was observed following cooling of the lubricant.
  • a two-cycle engine lubricant was prepared by formulating first and second premixtures that were thereafter combined.
  • a first premixture was prepared by combining a first set of components comprising 20 weight percent Lubrizol ® 600 and 28 weight percent 4 cSt PAO in a steam-jacketed, high shear mixer, and stirring for about 15 minutes at a temperature ranging between about 120° and 125° F.
  • a second premixture was prepared by combining a second set of components comprising 25 weight percent AA castor oil, 10 weight percent Hatco ® 2976 synthetic ester, 5 weight percent Addconate-H ® surfactant, and 2 weight percent Viscoplex ® 10-930 pour point depressant in a similar jacketed, high shear mixer and stirring for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the first premix was then added to the second premix together with 10 weight percent Stoddard Solvent and stirred under high shear conditions for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the resultant lubricant was cooled to ambient temperature. No component separation was thereafter observed in the lubricant.
  • EXAMPLE 6 Another two-cycle engine lubricant composition was prepared as described in Example 5 except that 25 weight percent AP-560 polyol-based ester was substituted for the AA castor oil. No component separation was observed following cooling of the lubricant.
  • EXAMPLE 7 [0040] A two-cycle engine lubricant was prepared by formulating first and second premixtures that were thereafter combined. A first premixture was prepared by combining a first set of components comprising 19 weight percent Lubrizol ® 420 and 28 weight percent 4 cSt PAO in a steam-jacketed, high shear mixer, and stirring for about 15 minutes at a temperature ranging between about 120° and 125° F.
  • a second premixture was prepared by combining a second set of components comprising 26 weight percent AA castor oil, 10 weight percent Hatco ® 2976 synthetic ester, 5 weight percent Addconate-H ® surfactant, and 2 weight percent Viscoplex ® 10-930 pour point depressant in a similar jacketed, high shear mixer and stirring for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the first premix was then added to the second premix together with 10 weight percent Stoddard Solvent and stirred under high shear conditions for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the resultant lubricant was cooled to ambient temperature. No component separation was thereafter observed in the lubricant.
  • EXAMPLE 8 Another two-cycle engine lubricant composition was prepared as described in Example 7 except that 36 weight percent AP-560 polyol-based ester was substituted for the AA castor oil. No component separation was observed following cooling of the lubricant.
  • a two-cycle engine lubricant was prepared by formulating first and second premixtures that were thereafter combined.
  • a first premixture was prepared by combining a first set of components comprising 30 weight percent Lubrizol ® 600 and 28 weight percent 4 cSt PAO in a steam-jacketed, high shear mixer, and stirring for about 15 minutes at a temperature ranging between about 120° and 125° F.
  • a second premixture was prepared " by combining a second set of components /comprising 25 weight percent AA castor oil, 10 weight percent Hatco ® 2976 synthetic ester, 5 weight percent Addconate-H ® surfactant, and 2 weight percent Viscoplex ® 10-930 pour point depressant in a similar jacketed, high shear mixer and stirring for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the first premix was then added to the second premix and stirred under high shear conditions for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the resultant lubricant was cooled to ambient temperature. Component separation was thereafter observed in the lubricant.
  • EXAMPLE 10 Another two-cycle engine lubricant composition was prepared as described in Example 9 except that 30 weight percent Lubrizol ® 420 was substituted for the Lubrizol ® 600. Component separation was observed following cooling of the lubricant.
  • a two-cycle engine lubricant was prepared by formulating first and second premixtures that were thereafter combined.
  • a first premixture was prepared by combining a first set of components comprising 10 weight percent Lubrizol ® 600 and 28 weight percent 4 cSt PAO in a steam-jacketed, high shear mixer, and stirring for about 15 minutes at a temperature ranging between about 120° and 125° F.
  • a second premixture was prepared by combining a second set of components comprising 45 weight percent AA castor oil, 10 weight percent Hatco ® 2976 synthetic ester, 5 weight percent Addconate-H ® surfactant, and 2 weight percent Viscoplex ® 10-930 pour point depressant in a similar jacketed, high shear mixer and stirring for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the first premix was then added to the second premix and stirred under high shear conditions for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the resultant lubricant was cooled to ambient temperature. The lubricant exhibited no component separation but increased deposits were observed.
  • EXAMPLE 12 Another two-cycle engine lubricant composition was prepared as described in Example 11 except that 10 weight percent Lubrizol ® 420 was substituted for the Lubrizol ® 600. The resultant lubricant was cooled to ambient temperature. The lubricant exhibited no component separation but increased deposits were observed.
  • a two-cycle engine lubricant was prepared by formulating first and second premixtures that were thereafter combined.
  • a first premixture was prepared by combining a first set of components comprising 19 weight percent Lubrizol ® 420 and 28 weight percent 4 cSt PAO in a steam-jacketed, high shear mixer, and stirring for about 15 minutes at a temperature ranging between about 120° and 125° F.
  • a second premixture was prepared by combining a second set of components comprising 21 weight percent AA castor oil, 20 weight percent AP-560 polyol-based ester, 10 weight percent Hatco ® 2976 synthetic ester, and 2 weight percent Viscoplex ® 10-930 pour point depressant in a similar jacketed, high shear mixer and stirring for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the first premix was then added to the second premix and stirred under high shear conditions for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the resultant lubricant was cooled to ambient temperature. No component separation was thereafter observed in the lubricant.
  • EXAMPLE 14 [0047] Another two-cycle engine lubricant composition was prepared as described in Example 13 except that 18 weight percent AA castor oil and 5 weight percent Viscoplex ® 10-930 pour point depressant were substituted for the amounts previously used. No component separation was observed following cooling of the lubricant and there was no change in the pour point of the lubricant.
  • EXAMPLE 15 [0048] A two-cycle engine lubricant was prepared by formulating first and second premixtures that were thereafter combined.
  • a first premixture was prepared by combining a first set of components comprising 20 weight percent Lubrizol ® 600 and 12 weight percent 4 cSt PAO in a steam-jacketed, high shear mixer, and stirring for about 15 minutes at a temperature ranging between about 120° and 125° F.
  • a second premixture was prepared by combining a second set of components comprising 34 weight percent AA castor oil, 20 weight percent XXX-1 ® Oil, 10 weight percent Hatco ® 2976 synthetic ester, 2 weight percent Addconate-H ® surfactant, and 2 weight percent Viscoplex ® 10-930 pour point depressant in a similar jacketed, high shear mixer and stirring for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the first premix was then added to the second premix and stirred under high shear conditions for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the resultant lubricant was cooled to ambient temperature. The lubricant exhibited no component separation but increased deposits were observed.
  • EXAMPLE 16 Another two-cycle engine lubricant composition was prepared as described in Example 15 except that 40 weight percent 4 cSt PAO, 15 weight percent AA castor oil and 1 weight percent Hatco ® 2976 synthetic ester were substituted for the amounts previously used. Component separation was observed following cooling of the lubricant. This lubricant formulation was also significantly more expensive to produce than that of Example 15.
  • a two-cycle engine lubricant was prepared by formulating first and second premixtures that were thereafter combined.
  • a first premixture was prepared by combining a first set of components comprising 19 weight percent Lubrizol ® 420 and 28 weight percent 4 cSt PAO in a steam-jacketed, high shear mixer, and stirring for about 15 minutes at a temperature ranging between about 120° and 125° F.
  • a second premixture was prepared by combining a second set of components comprising 31 weight percent AP-560 polyol-based ester, 10 weight percent Hatco ® 2976 synthetic ester, 10 weight percent Addconate-H ® surfactant, and 2 weight percent Viscoplex ® 10- 930 pour point depressant in a similar jacketed, high shear mixer and stirring for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the first premix was then added to the second premix and stirred under high shear conditions for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the resultant lubricant was cooled to ambient temperature. The lubricant exhibited no component separation but increased deposits were observed.
  • EXAMPLE 18 Another two-cycle engine lubricant composition was prepared as described in Example 17 except that 15 weight percent 4 cSt PAO was substituted for 28 weight percent, 24 weight percent AA castor oil and 15 weight percent XXX-1 ® Oil were substituted for the 31 weight percent AP-560 polyol-based ester, 20 weight percent Hatco ® 2976 synthetic ester was substituted for 10 weight percent, and 5 weight percent Addconate-H ® surfactant was substituted for 10 weight percent. Component separation was observed following cooling of the lubricant.
  • a two-cycle engine lubricant was prepared by formulating first and second premixtures that were thereafter combined.
  • a first premixture was prepared by combining a first set of components comprising 20 weight percent Lubrizol ® 600 and 40 weight percent 4 cSt PAO in a steam-jacketed, high shear mixer, and stirring for about 15 minutes at a temperature ranging between about 120° and 125° F.
  • a second premixture was prepared by combining a second set of components comprising 16 weight percent AA castor oil, 10 weight percent Hatco ® 2976 synthetic ester, 2 weight percent Addconate-H ® surfactant, and 2 weight percent Viscoplex ® 10-930 pour point depressant in a similar jacketed, high shear mixer and stirring for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the first premix was then added to the second premix together with 10 weight percent Stoddard Solvent and stirred under high shear conditions for about 35 minutes at a temperature ranging between 120° and 125° F.
  • the resultant lubricant was cooled to ambient temperature. No component separation was thereafter observed in the lubricant but the lubricant lacked the desired lubricity and the piston cylinder walls exhibited scuffing.
  • EXAMPLE 20 Another two-cycle engine lubricant composition was prepared as described in Example 20 except that 10 weight percent Lubrizol ® 420 was substituted for the 20 weight percent Lubrizol ® 600, 15 weight percent 4 cSt PAO was substituted for 40 weight percent, 65 weight percent AP-560 polyol-based ester was substituted for 16 weight percent AA castor oil, 8 weight percent Hatco ® 2976 synthetic ester was substituted for 10 weight percent, and the surfactant and solvent were omitted. No component separation was observed following cooling of the lubricant. The lubricant exhibited no component separation but increased deposits were observed.
  • the lubricant is diluted with 10 volume percent Stoddard Solvent.
  • EXAMPLE 24 A pre-packaged mixture of gasoline and two-cycle engine lubricant is made by premixing the lubricant of Example 23 with gasoline in a fuel-to-oil ratio of about 50 to 1.
  • the lubricant is readily miscible with the gasoline, and the mixture is packaged or bottled for retail sale in volumes that are suitable for a single fueling or refueling, especially with devices having fuel tanks holding, for example, from 500 ml up to a gallon or more of fuel / oil mixture.
  • Pre-packaging a premixed fuel and two-cycle engine lubricant in this manner facilitates use by a consumer in devices having small two-cycle engines that are not equipped for direct lubricant injection.
  • EXAMPLE 25 The performance of the subject lubricant as compared to a commercially available two-cycle engine oil and to other candidate lubricant compositions was further tested in a two-cycle leaf blower study.
  • leaf blower study fourteen leaf blower units were purchased new and operated until they would no longer start or until they seized. The units were then rated for cleanliness, disassembled, and photographed.
  • Control units (Nos. 1, 9 and 12) were treated at a 50 to 1 fuel-to-oil ratio with a lubricant packaged with the leaf blowers and labeled "Homelite Exact Mix 2 Cycle Engine Oil.” Homelite is a division of Deere & Co., Charlotte, N.C. Two leaf blower units (Nos.
  • Hybase 400M 20 0 0 20 20 20 0 0 0 0 Hybase 231C 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lubrizol 600 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 Castor Oil AA-1 35 55 35 21 20 35 35 54 0 Castor Oil technical 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 Hatco 2976 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Viscoplex 10-930 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 cSt PAO 28 28 28 17 17 28 27 28 28 75 SUS oil 0 0 0 25 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 Addconate H 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Jojoba Oil 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Totals 100 100 100 100 100 100
  • Control fluids use commercially available 2 cycle engine oil. All blower units came with a sample of this oil in the box.
  • EXAMPLE 26 To evaluate the detergency of formulations made in accordance with the invention, lubricants made in accordance with Examples 1 , 2, 21 and 22 above were evaluated by the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas, in relation to a standard JATRE-1 reference oil following the ISO - CEC L-79-T-97 3-Hour Detergency Test developed by the 2T Engine Oil Subcommittee of JASO. The procedure is designed to evaluate the performance of a two-stroke-cycle gasoline engine lubricant relative to engine cleanliness when tested in a single cylinder engine.
  • the engine Upon completion of the run-in, the engine was disassembled and inspected for abnormalities. With the exception of the cylinder, the new parts used to build the engine for the run-in were not used for test purposes.
  • a baseline test using JATRE-1 reference oil was conducted before any candidates were tested. All candidates for the date were compared against this baseline. The candidates were tested on the same cylinder and crankshaft assembly as the baseline, and all candidates were required to complete the test within 24 hours after the end of the baseline test. Before beginning testing, the engine was reassembled using a new cylinder, piston, piston ring set, small end rod bearing, small end rod pin, pin clips and gaskets. During assembly, all friction surfaces were lubricated with JATRE-1. The test was then conducted using unleaded gasoline mixed with the lubricant to be evaluated at 50:1 fuel-to-oil ratio for 190 minutes at the following conditions:
  • compositions made in accordance with Examples 2, 22 and 23 are believed to meet the proposed ISO standard for air and liquid-cooled two-stroke-cycle engines. This is the most severe standard at this time.
  • Other alterations and modifications of the invention will likewise become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the present disclosure, and it is intended that the scope of the invention disclosed herein be limited only by the broadest interpretation of the appended claims to which the inventors are legally entitled.

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Abstract

L'invention porte sur un lubrifiant pour moteur à deux temps comprenant en pourcentage en poids: environ 10 % à environ 30 % d'un inhibiteur de détergent à faible teneur en cendres ; environ 10 % à environ 45 % d'un ester d'origine biologique sélectionné dans le groupe comprenant de l'huile de ricin, un ester synthétique à base de polyols et des mélanges de ceux-ci; environ 14 % à environ 37 % de polyalphaoléfine; environ 7 % à environ 18 % d'un ester synthétique; de 2 % à environ 10 % d'un tensioactif; et environ 2 % à environ 5 % d'un améliorant de point d'écoulement. Ledit lubrifiant à deux temps peut aussi comprendre jusqu'à environ 20 % en poids d'un solvant tel qu'un solvant Stoddard, afin d'améliorer sa miscibilité avec l'essence. Le lubrifiant de l'invention peut être préconditionné avec l'essence en vue d'être utilisé dans des petits moteurs non équipés pour l'injection directe de lubrifiant. L'invention porte également sur un procédé de fabrication de la composition du lubrifiant qui permet que la composition résiste à la séparation ultérieure des composants dans les couches.
PCT/US2003/007541 2002-03-13 2003-03-13 Lubrifiant pour moteur a deux temps Ceased WO2003078556A1 (fr)

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